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    11_ch02_motion_one_dimension-5921583422316475

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    11_ch02_motion_one_dimension-5921583422316475

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    anshumanuki28

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    Kinematics

    Physics 11  Kinematics is the description of the motion of


    objects (without reference to the forces producing
    Chapter 2: the motion).
    Motion in One Dimension  In Chapters 1 and 2, we are restricting our
    study of motion in 3 ways:

    Kinematics
    Position 1) The motion is along a straight line only
    Instantaneous and Average Velocity
    Instantaneous and Average Acceleration 2) The cause of motion (forces) not discussed
    Motion Diagrams and x, v, and a Graphs
    Free Fall 3) All objects are treated as particles

    Position Position
    position  vector quantity that describes 4.0 m
    where an object is with respect to a reference x  4.0m
    origin
    point (origin)  The object is 4.0 m to
    the left of the origin.
     In one dimensional motion, direction is
    indicated by + or -.
    y  2.0m
     Unless otherwise stated, we will assume 2.0 m
     The object is 2.0 m above
    that to the right is + (in the x direction) and
    the origin.
    up is + (in the y direction). origin

    1
    Representing Position Representing Position
     There are different ways to represent position.  Another way is with a motion diagram as we
    One way is to present the data in a table. saw in Chapter 1.

     A third way is
    with a graph of x
    versus t.

    Representing Position Average and Instantaneous Velocity

     Remember that velocity


    is defined as displacement
    divided by time interval:

    x
    vx 
    t

     We can therefore get the


    velocity of an object from
     Assuming that the student moved continuously through
    the slope of the position-
    all points of space, we can make the graph a continuous
    time graph.
    curve called a position-versus-time graph.

    2
    Average and Instantaneous Velocity Average and Instantaneous Acceleration

    Given a plot of x versus t:


    Given a plot of v versus t:
     The average velocity  The average acceleration
    (between 2 times) is equal (between 2 times) is equal to
    to the slope of the line that the slope of the line that
    connects the two points. connects the two points.

     The instantaneous  The instantaneous acceleration


    velocity (at a given time) is (at a given time) is equal to the
    slope of the tangent line.
    equal to the slope of the
    tangent line.

    Position, Velocity, and Acceleration Position, Velocity, and Acceleration

    velocity > 0
    acceleration = 0

    velocity < 0
    acceleration = 0 velocity > 0
    acceleration > 0

    3
    Position, Velocity, and Acceleration Position, Velocity, and Acceleration

    velocity > 0 velocity < 0


    acceleration < 0 acceleration > 0

    Position, Velocity, and Acceleration Position, Velocity, and Acceleration

    velocity < 0
    acceleration < 0

    4
    Equations of Constant Acceleration Freefall
     Without air resistance (in freefall),
    Equations of constant acceleration: all objects accelerate at the same rate,
    regardless of their mass or size.

    (v)
    x f  (v)x i ax t
     Near the Earth’s surface, the
    acceleration due to gravity is -9.80 m/s2
    2
    xf x (v x) i t  1 a (t)
    i 2x
     The distance between successive
    2 images increases as the object’s speed
    (v(v 2
    )x fx i) 2a xx increases (at a rate of 9.8 m/s every
    second).

    Freefall

    Freefall motion is symmetric:

     time up = time down


    (assuming y = y0)

     speed at a given height is the


    same on the way up as it is on the
    way down (velocities are
    different)

    This can sometimes be very useful in problem


    solving.

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