9.Basic-Electricity_Terminology

Basic
Basic
Electricity...
Electricity...
Copyright 2006, Toshiba Corporation.

Objectives:
1. To refresh the knowledge of all the participants and to further
enhance their understanding with regards to the following items:
1.1. Electrical Terminologies
1.2. Electrical Theories/Concepts
1.3. Electrical Standards
1.4. Practical Applications
2. To build a great foundation for all the trainees is the main

objective of this training.
HDD Manufacturing Engineering Department 2

Expectation to the Trainees:
1. After this learning session, all the participants are expected to
have a common basic knowledge regarding the following items:
1.1. Electrical Terminologies
1.2. Electrical Theories/Concepts
1.3. Electrical Standards
1.4. Practical Applications
2. And most important, all the participants should apply all their
acquired knowledge in the actual day to day practice dealing with
electricity.

Terms you should know!
Define the following: ........
Electricity Amperes Resistance
Electric Charge Voltage Conductors
Electric Current Insulators

Volts
Electric Field Circuits
Electric Potential Ohms Generators
Electromagnetism Ground
Pow
Alternating Current er
Series circuits
Motors Parallel Circuits

Direct Current

Terminology!
Electricity
(from the Greek word ηλεκτρον, (elektron), meaning amber, and finally from New Latin ēlectricus,
"amber-like") is a general term that encompasses a variety of phenomena resulting from the
presence and flow of electric charge. These include many easily recognizable phenomena such as
lightning and static electricity, but in addition, less familiar concepts such as the electromagnetic
field and electromagnetic induction.
Electric charge
a property of some subatomic particles, which determines their
electromagnetic interactions. Electrically charged matter is
influenced by, and produces, electromagnetic fields.
Electric current
a movement or flow of electrically charged particles, typically
measured in amperes.
flow of electric
current
Electric field
an influence produced by an electric charge on other charges in its
vicinity.
Electric potential
the capacity of an electric field to do work, typically measured in
volts.

Terminology!
Electromagnetism
is the physics of the electromagnetic field: a field which exerts a
force on particles that possess the property of electric charge, and is
in turn affected by the presence and motion of those particles.
Alternating Current
An alternating current (AC, also ac) is an electric current whose
direction reverses cyclically, as opposed to
direct current (DC), whose direction remains
constant. The usual waveform of an AC power
circuit is a sine wave, as this results in the most efficient
transmission of energy. However in certain applications
different waveforms are used, such as triangular or square
waves. waveform of an AC
Direct Current
Direct current (DC) is the unidirectional flow of electric charge. Direct
current is produced by such sources as batteries,
thermocouples, solar cells, and commutator-type electric
machines of the dynamo type. In direct current, the
electric charges flow in a constant direction, distinguishing it from
alternating current (AC). A term formerly used for waveform of a DC
HDDGalvanic
direct current was Manufacturing Engineering Department
current. 6
Terminology!
Amperes
ampere, in practice often shortened to amp, (symbol: A) is a unit of electric current, or amount of
electric charge per unit time, in coulombs per second. The ampere is an SI base unit, and is named
after André-Marie Ampère, one of the main discoverers of electromagnetism.
Voltage
Electrical tension (or voltage after its SI unit, the volt) is the difference of electrical potential
between two points of an electrical or electronic circuit, expressed in volts. It is the measurement
of the potential for an electric field to cause an electric current in an electrical conductor.
Volts
is the SI derived unit of electric potential difference or electromotive force, commonly known as
voltage. It is named in honor of the Lombard physicist Alessandro Volta (1745–1827), who invented
the voltaic pile, the first chemical battery.
Resistance
Collisions between the electrons and the atoms of the conductor interfere with the flow of
electrons is known as resistance. And resistance is measured in units called ohms.
Ohms
The ohm (symbol: Ω) is the SI unit of electrical impedance or,
in the direct current case, electrical resistance, named after Georg Ohm.
Ohm’s Law

Terminology!
Conductors
i
Conductors are materials that allow an electric current to flow through them n
easily. Most metals are good conductors. s
u
conductors l
Insulators a
Substances that do not allow electric current to flow through them are called t
o
insulators, nonconductors, or dielectrics. Materials that do not let electrons r
move through them are called "insulators". s
Ground
the term ground or earth has several meanings depending on the specific application areas.
Ground is the reference point in an electrical circuit from which other voltages are measured, a
common return path for electric current (earth return or ground return), or a direct physical
connection to the Earth.
Power
Electric power is defined as the rate at which electrical energy is transferred by an electric circuit.
The SI unit of power is the watt. Formula: P = IV = I 2R = V2/R.

Terminology!
Generators Motor Generators
is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy, generally

using electromagnetic induction.
Motors
is a device that converts electrical energy to mechanical energy by using
electrical energy.
used to generate specialized
Circuits voltages
An electric circuit is an arrangement of electric current sources and conducting paths through
which a current can continuously flow.
Series circuits Sample Circuit:

If various objects are arranged to form a single conducting path
between the terminals of a source of electric current, the objects
are said to be connected in series.
Parallel Circuits
If various objects are connected to form separate paths between
the terminals of a source of electric current, they are said to be
connected in parallel. Sample Interpretations:
1. R and R are connected in parallel.
Series-Parallel Circuits 4 5
Many circuits combine series and parallel arrangements. One 2. R3 is in series with RTOTAL of R4 and R5
branch
of a parallel circuit, for example, may have within it several objects
in a series.


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Basic

Copyright 2006, Toshiba Corporation.

2. To build a great foundation for all the trainees is the main

HDD Manufacturing Engineering Department 2

HDD Manufacturing Engineering Department 3

Electricity Amperes Resistance

Electric Charge Voltage Conductors

Electric Current Insulators

Electric Potential Ohms Generators

Motors Parallel Circuits

HDD Manufacturing Engineering Department 4

HDD Manufacturing Engineering Department 5

HDD Manufacturing Engineering Department 7

HDD Manufacturing Engineering Department 8

is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy, generally

Series circuits Sample Circuit:

HDD Manufacturing Engineering Department 9

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