Muscles of the Gluteal Region

Muscles of the
Gluteal Region
Aizaz
Instructor Anatomy
KMU-IPMS Peshawar
Gluteal Region
Boundaries:
• Superiorly: Iliac crest
• Inferiorly: Fold of the buttock
Composition:
• Largely made up of gluteal muscles
• Thick layer of superficial fascia
Gluteal Region
Cutaneous Nerve Supply:
• Upper Medial Quadrant:
Supplied by the posterior rami of the upper three lumbar nerves (L1, L2, L3) and the upper three sacral
nerves (S1, S2, S3).
• Upper Lateral Quadrant:
Supplied by the lateral branches of:
• Iliohypogastric nerve (L1)
• 12th thoracic nerve (anterior rami)
• Lower Lateral Quadrant:
Supplied by branches from the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh (L2 and L3, anterior rami).
• Lower Medial Quadrant:
Supplied by branches from the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh (S1, S2, and S3, anterior rami).
• Skin Over the Coccyx (between the buttocks):
Supplied by small branches of the lower sacral and coccygeal nerves.
Gluteal Region
• The gluteal region is an anatomical area located posteriorly to the pelvic girdle, at the
proximal end of the femur. The muscles in this region move the lower limb at the hip joint.
• The muscles of the gluteal region can be broadly divided into two groups:
Superficial abductors and extenders: Group of large muscles that abduct and extend the femur.
Includes the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fascia lata. They mainly
act to abduct and extend the lower limb at the hip joint.
Deep lateral rotators: Includes the quadratus femoris, piriformis, gemellus superior, gemellus inferior
and obturator internus.
The deep gluteal muscles are a set of smaller muscles, located underneath the gluteus minimus. The
general action of these muscles is to laterally rotate the lower limb. They also stabilise the hip joint by
‘pulling’ the femoral head into the acetabulum of the pelvis
• The arterial supply to these muscles is mostly via the superior and inferior gluteal
arteries – branches of the internal iliac artery. Venous drainage follows the arterial supply.
Gluteus Maximus
The gluteus maximus is the largest muscle in the body. It is also
the most superficial, producing the shape of the buttocks.
Origin:
• Outer surface of ilium, sacrum, coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament.
Insertion:
• Iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of femur.
Nerve Supply:
• Inferior gluteal nerve (L5,S1,2)
Action:
• Extends and laterally rotates hip joint; through iliotibial tract, it extends
knee joint
Gluteus Medius
The gluteus medius muscle is fan-shaped and lies
between to the gluteus maximus and the minimus. It is
similar in shape and function to the gluteus minimus
Origin:
• Outer surface of ilium
Insertion:
• Lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur
Nerve Supply:
• Superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)
Action:
• Abducts thigh at hip joint; tilts pelvis when walking to permit
Gluteus minimus
The gluteus minimus is the deepest and smallest of the
superficial gluteal muscles. It is similar in shape and function to
the gluteus medius
Origin:
• Outer surface of ilium
Insertion:
• Anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur
Nerve Supply:
• Superior gluteal nerve (L5,S1)
Action:
• Abducts thigh at hip joint; tilts pelvis when walking to permit
opposite leg to clear ground
Tenser fasciae lata
Tensor fasciae lata is a small superficial muscle which lies towards
the anterior edge of the iliac crest. It functions to tighten the fascia
lata, and so abducts and medially rotates the lower limb
Origin:
• Iliac crest
Insertion:
• Iliotibial tract
Nerve Supply:
• Superior gluteal nerve (L4,L5)
Action:
Piriformis
The piriformis muscle is a key landmark in the gluteal region. It is the most superior of the deep muscles
The piriformis lies partly within the pelvis at its origin. It emerges through the greater sciatic foramen to enter
the gluteal region. Its position serves to separate the superior gluteal vessels and nerves from the inferior gluteal
vessels and nerves
Origin:
• Anterior surface of sacrum
Insertion:
• Upper border of greater trochanter of femur
Nerve Supply:
• 1st and 2nd sacral nerves (L5, S1,S2)
Action:
• Lateral rotator of thigh at hip joint
Obturator internus
 The obturator internus forms the lateral walls of the pelvic cavity.
 The obturator internus is a fan-shaped muscle that lies within the pelvis at its origin. It emerges through the lesser sciatic
foramen to enter the gluteal region. The tendon is joined by the superior and inferior gemelli and is inserted into the greater
trochanter of the femur.
Origin:
• Inner surface of obturator membrane
Insertion:
Nerve Supply:
• Sacral plexus( L5, S1)
Action:
Gemellus superior
The gemelli are two narrow and triangular muscles. They are separated by the obturator
internus tendon.
Origin:
• Spine of ischium
Insertion:
Nerve Supply:
• Sacral plexus (L5, S1)
Action:
Gemellus Inferior
Origin:
• Ischial tuberosity
Insertion:
Nerve Supply:
Action:
Quadratus Femoris
The quadratus femoris is a flat, square-shaped muscle. It is the most inferior of the deep
gluteal muscles, located below the gemelli and obturator internus.
Origin:
• Lateral border of ischial tuberosity
Insertion:
• Quadrate tubercle of femur
Nerve Supply:
Action:

Muscles of the Gluteal Region

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