Critique

Critical
Approaches
to Writing a
Review/
Reaction/Crit
Lesson
Objectives
Define critique
Differentiate the different critical

approaches
Criticize the texts using the different

approaches of criticism
Share one’s ideas about certain

topics
Work harmoniously with groupmates
in critiquing a videoclip.
What is ?
CRITIQUE?
A critique is a short paper, usually about one book or article. First, it
gives a short summary of what the author has said. Second, it
looks at the work critically. You will need to assess the
strengths and weaknesses of the piece of research or writing. It is
important to remember that criticism can be positive as well as
negative.
Why do we
write a?
critique?
A critique is an exercise in judging the value of a piece of writing or
research. It is also a way of improving your own skills by looking
at the way other writers and researchers work. It is a valuable
exercise in the careful reading of text that will increase your
understanding of a particular subject.
Today, we
are FORMALISM
APPROACH
learning …
PSYCHOLOGICAL
APPROACH
FORMALISM APPROACH
Formalism emphasizes the form of a literary work to

determine its meaning, focusing on literary elements
and how they work to create meaning.
Formalism
Focus on the elements,

structure and principles
that govern a certain text,
artworks, movie, book,
poems, etc.
Poem
( fi g u r a t i v e d e v i c e s , i m a g e r y , t h e m e )
Books/stories
(setting, characters, plot)
Movies
( s o u n d e ff e c t s , t r a n s i t i o n , s h o t s )
Artistic expression
(lines, colors, shapes, rhythm, texture, soun
Formalism
My life is like the color

of midnight gloomy and dark.
When will the morning arrive?
Warm the coldness of my heart.
- Josha Tangaran
PSYCHOLOGICAL
APPROACH
Psychological criticism- is a literary
theory and critical approach that
analyzes literature through the lens of
psychology, examining the psychological
motivations of characters, authors, and
readers.
Freudian
Analysis:
 Id, Ego, and Superego: Freud's model of the

psyche includes the id (instinctual desires), ego
(rational self), and superego (moral conscience).
Psychological critics often analyze how these
aspects of the psyche conflict or harmonize
within characters.
Freudian Analysis:
 Oedipus Complex: This concept suggests that

children experience unconscious sexual desires for
the opposite-sex parent and hostility toward the
same-sex parent. Critics might explore how these
complex influences character relationships and plot
developments.
Freudian Analysis:
 Defense Mechanisms: Freud identified

mechanisms such as repression, denial, and
projection that individuals use to cope with
anxiety and conflict. Literary analysis might
reveal how characters employ these
mechanisms.
Character Analysis
Psychological criticism often involves a deep

dive into the inner lives of characters,
examining their motivations, fears, desires,
and psychological development. This can
reveal the complexities of human nature and
the psychological realism in literature.
Author's Psychology
Sometimes, psychological critics focus on the

author's own life and unconscious mind,
exploring how their personal experiences and
psychological makeup influence their writing.
This approach can offer insights into recurring
themes, symbols, and narrative choices.
Reader`s Response
Psychological criticism can also examine how

readers' own psychological states and
unconscious mind influence their
interpretation and emotional response to a
text. This includes how identification with
characters or recognition of symbols affects
the reading experience.
How can we WE CAN COMPARE AND
compare CONTRAST MANY FEATURES

OF A TEXT, INCLUDING:
texts? Themes
Characters
Setting
Narrative techniques
Plot
Comparing:
Themes
Family Creation
Frankens Isolation Nature
tein Ambition
What themes overlap
between these two texts?
Check the meanings of
any unfamiliar words.
Beauty Creation
The
Picture of Narcissis Hedonis
m m
Dorian Ambition
Gray
Draw a happy face ( ) if the
statement describes a formalist
critic. Otherwise, draw a sad
face ( ).
A formalist critic…
____1. Is an interpretive approach that emphasizes literary form and the
study of literary devices “within” the text.
____2. questions how they come together to create a work of art.
____3. looks beyond the work by reading the author’s life
____4. examines the work’s historical background and condition of

the society.
____5. Formalism criticism focuses primarily on author`s

background.
____6. analyzes how the elements work together to form the unity of
structure and to give meaning to the text.
____7. analyzes the genre, mode, form, and discourse while rejecting
bibliographical, cultural, historical, and social contexts.
____8. Formalism emphasizes the importance of reader`s emotional
response.
____9. The formalist approach is closely associated with structures.
____10. scrutinizes the point of view, structure, symbols, tone, theme

and other elements or literary devices.
Instruction: Read and analyze the
story from “The Unseen Canvas”
using Psychological Criticism
Approach.
The Unseen Canvas (anonymous)
The brush moved of its own accord, revealing emotions he couldn’t comprehend.
The woman’s gaze bore into his soul, demanding answers. He painted her tears,
her fears, and the abyss behind her.
Days turned into weeks, and Elias grew obsessed. He neglected food, sleep, and
sanity. The woman haunted his dreams, whispering cryptic messages. “Release
me,” she pleaded. “Free me from this canvas.”
Elias sought refuge in books on psychology. Freud’s theories echoed in his mind—
the unconscious desires, the id, the ego. Was the woman a manifestation of his
own repressed longings? Or was she a trapped spirit, yearning for escape?
1.Identify the character's motivations.
2.What drives them to do an action? What are
their desires and goals?
3. Considering the character`s experiences, what

do you think might influence his behavior or
personality?
BIOGRAPHICAL CRITICISM
Emphasizes the importance of the

author’s life and background into
account when analyzing a text.
• Focuses on the life and

background of the writer/artist
and connect it to the subject of
your review or critic.
HISTORICAL
How did Jose Rizal write
CRITICISM the novel El Filibusterismo?
posits that every literary What influence him to write
work is the product of its the novel?
time and its world.
 Focus on the era and
significant events that
happened during the time
the
text/movie/book/art/poem
was produced.
emphasizes on how power, politics,
and money play a role in literary
Marxist Criticism
texts and amongst literary societies
and characters.
Focus on how class, power, race and

economic status affect the content and
theme of a certain work. In what way
did the story/movie reflect the socio-
economic status of the characters
Feminism
emphasizes on the roles, positions, and
influences of women within literary texts.
Focus on how women are portrayed in a
certain literary work, in arts, in
commercials, in movie, etc.
Are women viewed as inferior beings in the

movie? How were they portrayed?

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Critical

Differentiate the different critical

Criticize the texts using the different

Share one’s ideas about certain

Formalism emphasizes the form of a literary work to

Focus on the elements,

My life is like the color

 Id, Ego, and Superego: Freud's model of the

 Oedipus Complex: This concept suggests that

 Defense Mechanisms: Freud identified

Psychological criticism often involves a deep

Sometimes, psychological critics focus on the

Psychological criticism can also examine how

compare CONTRAST MANY FEATURES

____2. questions how they come together to create a work of art.

____3. looks beyond the work by reading the author’s life

____4. examines the work’s historical background and condition of

____5. Formalism criticism focuses primarily on author`s

____10. scrutinizes the point of view, structure, symbols, tone, theme

3. Considering the character`s experiences, what

Emphasizes the importance of the

• Focuses on the life and

Focus on how class, power, race and

Are women viewed as inferior beings in the

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