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    Downstream Changes in River Lanscapes

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    saungyoons02

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    Downstream Changes in River Lanscapes

    Uploaded by

    saungyoons02
    7 views17 pages

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    7 views17 pages

    Downstream Changes in River Lanscapes

    Uploaded by

    saungyoons02

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 17

    Downstream Changes in

    River Landscapes
    The downstream changes in channel characteristics are associated with changes
    in river landforms and landscapes.

    The Long Profile

    Upland Lowland
    Gorge

    • a narrow valley between


    hills or mountains,
    typically with steep rocky
    walls and a stream
    running through it.
    Interlocking Spurs
    •Projecting ridges that extend
    alternately from the opposite
    sides of the wall of a young, V-
    shaped valley down which a river
    with a winding course flows
    Rapids
    fast-flowing and turbulent
    part of the course of a
    river.
    Cascade

    •a small waterfall, typically one of


    several that fall in stages down a
    steep rocky slope.
    Waterfall

    Water falling from a height,


    formed when a river or
    stream flows over a
    precipice or steep incline.
    Fault Lines: Movements of the Earth's crust
    can cause faults and fractures. If a river
    flows across a fault line, a waterfall can form
    (Victoria Falls)
     River Erosion: Waterfalls often form where there
    is a sudden change in the riverbed's slope or where
    the riverbed is made up of layers of different types
    of rock. Softer rock erodes more quickly than
    harder rock, creating a vertical drop. (Niagara
    Falls)
    Meanders
    the river's natural processes of erosion and deposition. Here's
    how they form:
    1. Initial Straight Channel
    A river typically starts with a relatively straight channel.
    Over time, slight variations in the riverbed and banks can
    cause the water to flow faster on one side than the other.
    2. Erosion and Deposition
    As water flows, it erodes the outer banks of bends where the
    water velocity is higher and deposits sediment on the inner
    banks where the velocity is lower. This process is known as
    lateral erosion on the outer banks and deposition on the
    inner banks.
    3. Formation of Bends
    The continued erosion and deposition cause the bends to
    become more pronounced over time. The outer bank
    becomes a steep cut bank, and the inner bank forms a point
    bar where sediment is deposited.
    4. Meander Migration
    Meanders tend to migrate downstream as the river erodes
    its outer banks and deposits sediment on its inner banks.
    This migration can create a series of meandering loops.
    Flood Plain and Levee
    Distributaries and Delta

    • The flow of river is slowed as it meets


    the denser sea water in the bay.
    • So, much of the sediment is deposited.
    • The river flow is blocked by deposition
    so that the river split up into smaller
    channels known as distributaries.
    • These distributaries deposit sediment
    over a wide area, creating new land
    where there was once sea.
    Changes in River landscapes

    Upland Lowland
    • The long profile is steep. • The river channel and its valley become wider,
    • The river flows fast. deeper and smoother.
    • The vertical erosion takes place. • The river velocity and the discharge of the river
    increase.
    (Hydraulic action and Abrasion)
    • The river course becomes less straight.
    • Landforms
    • Landforms
    (Steep V-shaped Valleys, Interlocking Spurs,
    waterfalls, Gorges) (Flood Plains, Levee, Meanders, Ox-bow lake, Slip-
    off Slope / point bar, river cliff / bluff, Delta, Estuary)
    Thank You

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