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Fabric Construction

The document provides an overview of fabric construction, detailing the processes of weaving, knitting, and non-woven methods. It explains the characteristics and types of woven fabrics, including plain, twill, and satin weaves, as well as the basics of knitting and non-woven fabric production. Additionally, it discusses the raw materials used and the various applications of non-woven fabrics in both disposable and durable forms.

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Rea Mae Cajandoc
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16 views

Fabric Construction

The document provides an overview of fabric construction, detailing the processes of weaving, knitting, and non-woven methods. It explains the characteristics and types of woven fabrics, including plain, twill, and satin weaves, as well as the basics of knitting and non-woven fabric production. Additionally, it discusses the raw materials used and the various applications of non-woven fabrics in both disposable and durable forms.

Uploaded by

Rea Mae Cajandoc
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fabric Construction

Fabric – refers to any textile materials made through weaving, knitting,


spreading, Crouching, or Bonding that may be used in fabric production
of further goods as well as garments.

Fabric Construction – involves the conversion of yarns and something


fibers into a fabric characteristic determined by the materials and methods
employed. Most fabrics and presently produced by some method of
interlacing, weaving, or knitting.
3 common types of Fabric Construction
Types of Fabric Construction

1.Weaving
2.Knitting
3.Non- weaving
4.Nets
5.Laces
Woven
Woven fabrics interlaced two sets of yarns at right angles. Woven fabrics are often created on a loom, and
made of many threads woven on a wrap and a weft. Technically, a woven fabric made by interlacing two
or more threads at right angles to one another.

Weaving
 Is the most commonly used method of fabric construction.Where two sets of yarn are interlaced with
one another at the right angles.
 It’s the process of interlacing two sets of yarn namely warp and weft at right angle according to
design.
 Can create durable fabrics like satin and cotton that we used everyday.
Two sets of yarn are used in weaving:

Warp Weft
The yarn going down the length of The yarn going across the width of
the loom. The yarns are inter- the fabric.
locked together.
Types of weaving
Weaving has several patterns, which help produce different materials and effects. Sometimes, a
singular weaving pattern will be used to create a single weave unit, while other weaves require the
compilation of several combined techniques to create on unit. Weave pattern range from simple to
very intricate.
Common types of Weaving

Plain Weave Twill Weave


Satin Weave
Plain Weave

Is also called a tabby weave, is the most weaving patterns. Like any
weaving, you must have a warp wire and weft. The amount of wires and
the ratio between wires help to intricate patterns. This process is true
with al weave, including the plain weave. The plain weave type only
require two weft yarns in each weave unit, making it simple yet durable.
Plain weave are most used in clothing home textiles due to their
durability.
Two types of Plain Weave

1. Directional
2. Uniform
Twill weave

is a type of textile weave with a pattern of


diagonal parallel ribs. it is one of the three
fundamental types of textiles weaves
along with plain and satin weave. It is
made by passing the weft thread over one
or more warp threads then under two or
more warp threads and so on.
Satin weave

This is by far the more complicated by weave out of the three types. A
satin weave involves longer “ floats “ off the yarn or thread, exposed on
the surface to create shiny and reflective effects. This types of fabric are
commonly used in higher end garments and textiles like jacket, athletic
shorts , nightgowns and blouses.
Knitting

Knitting is a method for production of textile fabrics by


interlacing yarn loops with loops of the same or other yarns.
It is used to create many types of garments. Knitting may be
done by hand or by machine. Knitting creates stitches: loops
of yarn in a row, either flat or in the round.
Types of Knitting

Weft knitting is the simplest method of


converting a yarn into fabrics. Weft
Warp Knitting
knitting is a method of forming a fabric
in which the loops are made in
horizontal way from a single yarn and is defined as a loop-forming
intermeshing of loops take place in a process in which the yarn is fed
circular or flat form on a crosswise into the knitting zone, parallel to
basis. In this method each weft thread is the fabric selvage.
fed, more or less, at right-angle to
direction in which fabric is formed. Each
course in a weft knit builds upon the
previous knitted course
Types of weft knitting
1. Flat knitting -is a method for producing fabrics in which the work is
returned periodically.
2. Circular knitting machine- always produce a tube-shaped fabric. They exist in
different sizes or diameters, depending on the field of application. The needles and
sinkers in these machines are arranged in a circle.
Non-woven fabrics are textiles that have been created through
a process of bonding fibers together, either by some kind of
chemical adhesion, mechanical or heat treatment, or a
combination of those. There is no weaving or manual
construction involved.
Three Primary Process Required for Non Woven Cloth Manufacturing:

1.Dry laid
2. Wet laid
3. Spun laid
Wet laid
Dry laid
Raw Materials

Polyester is the most frequently used fibers in the United States, olefin and nylon are used for their
strength , and cotton and rayon are used for absorbency . S ome acrylic , acetate , and
vinyl are also being used.

Fibres are selected on the basis of their properties and expected performance in and uses.The
selection of fibres depends on the product proposed, the care typically given it, and the expected or
desired durability.
Characteristics of Non- Woven Fabric

1. The appearance of non-woven fabrics maybe paper like, felt like, or similar to
that of woven fabrics.
2. They may have a soft, resilient hand, or they may be hard, stiff or broadly with
little pliability.
3. They may be as thin as thin as tissue paper or many times thicker.
4. They also may be translucent or opaque.
5. Their porosity may range from low tear and burst strenght to very high tensile
strength.
6. They may be fabricated by gluing, heat bonding, or sewing.
7. The drapability of this type of fabrics varies from good to none at all.
8. Some fabrics have excellent launderability; others have none. Some maybe dry
cleaned.
Uses of Non-Woven Fabric

1. Disposable nonwoven are essentially made for one time use; but some, such as dust
cloths, may be laundered and reused a few times.
2. General application include personal hygiene products, such as diapers and sanitary
naplins; medical products such as surgical gowns and drapes; surgical and industrial
masks, bandages , wipes and towels; bibs and even costumes for special events.
3. Durable nonwovens have wide applications.Consumer durables include both
household goods and home furnishings, such as for draperies, furniture upholstery,
mattress padding, towels, table cloths, blankets and carpet backing and clothing and
apparel, such as for caps, linings, interlinings, interfacings and the reinforcementof
other fabrics.
4. Many industrial uses include filters, insulation, packing materials, roadbed
stabilization sheeting or road building materials geo textiles and roofing products.
Non – woven Material or Cloth

Fabric Filter
Polypropylene fabric

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