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The document provides an overview of various automobile components, including the basic structure, power unit, transmission system, and different body styles. It details the functions and types of each component, such as frames, suspension systems, engines, and transmission arrangements. Additionally, it classifies automobiles based on usage, fuel type, and body style, while also discussing engine systems and the evolution of transmission technology.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
21 views65 pages

Merged

The document provides an overview of various automobile components, including the basic structure, power unit, transmission system, and different body styles. It details the functions and types of each component, such as frames, suspension systems, engines, and transmission arrangements. Additionally, it classifies automobiles based on usage, fuel type, and body style, while also discussing engine systems and the evolution of transmission technology.

Uploaded by

michaellselgas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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Various Types of

Automobile
COMPONENTS OF AN
AUTOMOBILE
THE BASIC STRUCTURE
 THE POWER UNIT
 THE TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
 THE AUXILIARIES
 THE CONTROLS
 THE SUPERSTRUCTURE
BASIC STRUCTURE

 THE UNIT ON WHICH THE


OTHER UNITS ARE MOUNTED.
IT CONSISTS OF :
1. FRAME
2. SUSPENSION SYSTEM
3. AXLES
4. WHEELS
5. TYRES
FRAME
 SUPPORT CHASSIS
COMPONENTS AND THE BODY
 WITHSTAND STATIC AND
DYNAMIC LOADS WITH UNDUE
DEFLECTION
 MAIN PART OF CHASSIS ON
WHICH THE REMAINING PARTS
OF THE CHASSIS ARE MOUNTED
 A RIGID STRUCTURE THAT
FORMS A SKELETON TO HOLD
ALL THE MAJOR PARTS
TOGETHER.
TYPES

 CONVENTIONAL PRESSED  INTEGRAL OR FRAMELESS


STEEL FRAME. CONSTRUCTION.
FRAMELESS

 ADVANTAGES  DISADVANTAGES

i. REDUCED WEIGHT AND i. REDUCTION IN STRENGTH


CONSEQUENT SAVING IN AND DURABILITY
FUEL CONSUMPTION. ii. ECONOMICAL ONLY IF IT IS
ii. LOWER MANUFACTURING ADOPTED IN MASS
COSTS PRODUCTION
iii. SAFETY TO PASSENGERS iii. INCREASE COST ON REPAIRS
iv. INCREASED STABILITY OF iv. CONVERTIBLE CARS ARE
AUTOMOBILE DIFFICULT TO DESIGN IN
FRAMELESS CONSTRUCTION
SUSPENSION SYSTEM

 TO PREVENT THE ROAD


SHOCKS FROM BEING
TRANSMITTED TO THE
VEHICLE COMPONENTS

 TO SAFEGUARD THE
OCCUPANTS FROM ROAD
SHOCKS

 TO PRESERVE STABILITY OF
THE VEHICLE WHILE IN
MOTION
WHEELS

 DIFFERENT TYPES OF WHEELS


HAVE BEEN USED IN
AUTOMOBILES OVER
GENERATIONS ACCORDING
TO THE REQUIREMENT

1. WIRE-SPOKED WHEELS
2. PRESSED STEEL WHEELS
3. LIGHT ALLOY WHEELS
AXLE
 IT IS THE WEIGHT CARRYING TYPES
MEMBERS  FULLY FLOATING TYPE ( ONLY
 MAY BE ON THE REAR OR TORQUE- WEIGHT SUPPORTED BY
FRONT, BEAMS SUPPORTED AT HOUSINGS)
ENDS
 THREE QUARTER FLOATING TYPE-
 SUBJECT TO DIFFERENT KINDS ONLY TO TORQUE (TURN ON
OF LOADS; ROADS)
I. VERTICAL LOAD DUE TO SELF  SEMI-FLOATING TYPE – BENDING
WEIGHT AND TORQUE
II. A FORE AND AFT LOAD DUE TO
DRIVING AND BREAKING
III. TORQUE REACTIONS DUE TO
DRIVE AND BREAK
IV. SIDE THRUST DUE TO
CENTRIFUGAL FORCE DURING
CONFERENCE.
THE POWER PLANT (ENGINE)

 THE ENGINE PROVIDES THE POWER TO MOVE THE VEHICLE


 IT GENERALLY CONSISTS OF AN IC ENGINE, EITHER SI OR CI
 GAS TURBINES ALSO HAVE BEEN USED IN VEHICLES
 ELECTRIC VEHICLES FOR PROPELLING THE VEHICLE
TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

 IT CONSISTS OF;
1) CLUTCH
2) GEAR BOX
3) PROPELLER SHAFT
4) DIFFERENTIAL
TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
 TO REDUCE THE ENIGINE SPEED  CLUTCH- DISENGAGE THE SYSTEM FROM THE
PERMANENTLY IN A FIXED RATIO ENGINE AND TO ENGAGE WITHOUT SHOCK TO
ROAD WHEELS.
 GEAR BOX- PROVIDES THE NECESSARY
 TO TURN THE DRIVE THROUGH A LEVERAGE VARIATION BETWEEN THE ENGINE
RIGHT ANGLE AND ROAD WHEELS.
 BEVEL PINION AND CROWNED WHEELS- THEY
 TO MAKE PROVISION FOR THE TURN THE DRIVE ROUND THROUGH 90 ° AND
ALSO PROVIDE PERMANENT REDUCTION IN
FLEXING OF ROAD SPRINGS
SPEED.
 UNIVERSAL JOINTS- PROVIDE FOR THE
RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN THE ENGINE
AND THE DRIVING WHEELS DUE TO FLEXING OF
ROAD SPRINGS.
 DIFFERENTIAL- HELPS TO ATTAIN DIFFERENT
SPEEDS AT DIFFERENT WHEELS WHILE TAKING
A TURN
ARRANGEMENT OF
TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS
TYPES OF ARRANGEMENT

 FRONT ENGINE AND FRONT WHEEL DRIVE


 REAR ENGINE AND REAR WHEEL DRIVE
 FRONT ENGINE AND FOUR WHEEL DRIVE
FRONT ENGINE
(FRONT WHEEL DRIVE)
 THE POWER IS TRANSMITTED
TO FRONT AXLES FROM THE
FRONT ENGINE (FRONT
WHEEL DRIVE)
FRONT ENGINE
(FRONT WHEEL DRIVE)
FEW ADVANTAGES ARE: FEW DISADVANTAGES ARE:

 THE WHOLE ARRANGEMENT


 THE PROPELLER SHAFT IS
OVER FRONT WHEELS IS
ELIMINATED, THIS PERMITS
COMPLICATED
LOW CHASSIS HEIGHT

 CONSTANT VELOCITY JOINTS


 PULLS THE CAR RATHER HAVE TO BE USED INSTEAD OF
THAN PUSHING, AVOIDING UNIVERSAL JOINTS
SKIDDING TENDENCY
 DECREASE OF TRACTIVE FORCES
 WHEN THE VEHICLE IS UP THE
BETTER ROAD ADHESION
GRADE
REAR ENGINE
(REAR WHEEL DRIVE)
 THE ENGINE IS PLACED AT
THE REAR AND THE REAR
WHEELS ARE THE DRIVEN
WHEELS
REAR ENGINE RWD

ADVANTAGES ARE: DISADVANTAGES:

 BETTER TRACTIVE FORCES UP  MAY LOSE BALANCE AT HIGH


THE GRADE SPEEDS

  COMPLICATED LINKAGE IS
FRONT AXLE CONSTRUCTION
IS SIMPLIFIED REQUIRED BETWEEN THE
ENGINE, CLUTCH AND
GEARBOX
 ABSENCE OF PROPELLER
SHAFT ALLOWS DECREASE IN  REAR POSITION OF ENGINE,
CHASSIS HEIGHT
COOLING EFFECT IS REDUCED
FRONT ENGINE
(FOUR WHEEL DRIVE)
 VEHICLES WHICH OPERATE ON
ROUGH ROADS AND UNEXPECTED
ROAD PROFILES, ALL THE FOUR
WHEELS ARE THE DRIVING WHEELS
 GOT AN EXTRA TRANSFER BOX,
WHICH DIVIDES THE TORQUE
BETWEEN FRONT AND REAR WHEELS
 THERE IS A PROVISION FOR
DISENGAGING THE FRONT WHEELS
WHEN NOT REQUIRED
 MAIN ADVANTAGE IS WHEN ANY
WHEELS FALL INTO A DITCH OR A
HOLE, IT CAN BE DRIVEN OUT WITH
THE HELP OF THE OTHER WHEELS
OR POWER BEING DELIVERED TO
THE SAME WHEEL.
CAR BODY STYLES

CLOSED CARS

 SEDAN- HAS TWO OR FOUR DOORS, SINGLE


COMPARTMENT WITH TWO ROWS OF SEATS.

 HATCHBACK- A SEDAN WITH A DOOR AT THE BACK.

 COUPE- ONLY ONE ROW OR SEATS FOR TWO PERSONS. ONLY


TWO DOORS ARE PROVIDED
DIFFERENT CLOSED CARS

 SEDAN (HYUNDAI VERNA)  SEDAN (TOYOTA VIOS)


DIFFERENT CLOSED CARS

 HONDA CITY (HATCHBACK)  SUZUKI CELERIO (HATCHBACK)


DIFFERENT CLOSED CARS

 TOYOTA 86 (COUPE)  CHEVROLET CAMARO 3LT


(COUPE)
OPEN CARS

 SPORTS- HAS TWO DOORS OR LESS, PROVIDED WITH A


COLLAPSIBLE HOOD, A FOLD-FLAT WINDSCREEN AND
REMOVABLE SIDE SCREEN.

 CONVERTIBLE- ROOF IN THIS IS OF FOLDING TYPE SO THE CAR


ROOF CAN BE CLOSED OR OPENED
OPEN CARS

 TOYOTA SUPRA (SPORTS)  FERRARI F8 SPIDER (SPORTS)

 T
O
Y
O
T
A

S
U
P
R
A
OPEN CARS

 BMW Z4 (CONVERTIBLE)  MAZDA MX-5 (CONVERTIBLE)


SPECIAL STYLES

 ESTATE CAR- A SEDAN WITH THE PASSENGER ROOF EXTENDED


UP TO THE REAR END. REAR SEATS ARE USUALLY COLLAPSIBLE
FOR LOADING.

 STATION WAGON- REAR DOORS AND FOUR OR FIVE PERSON


SEATING CAPACITY.
SPECIAL STYLES
 MAZDA 6 (ESTATE CAR)  MITSUBISHI CHARIOT (STATION
WAGON)
CLASSIFICATIONS OF
AUTOMOBILES
USE

FUELS USED
 PETROL VEHICLES
MOPEDS, MOTORCYCLES,
SCOOTERS, CARS, JEEPS, BUSES  DIESEL VEHICLES
AND TRUCKS
BODY STYLES
 CLOSED CARS
CAPACITY
 OPEN CARS
 HEAVY TRANSPORT
 SPECIAL TYPE CARS
 LIGHTWEIGHT TRANSPORT
MAKE AND MODEL TRANSMISSION
 HONDA, BAJAJ, TVS, ETC.  MANUAL
  SEMI- AUTOMATIC
MARUTI SUZUKI, TATA,
MAHINDRA, ETC.  FULLY AUTOMATIC
  CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE
BMW, AUDI, FORD, MITSUBISHI,
ETC.  AUTOMATED MANUAL
ENGINE AND
ITS DIFFERENT
SYSTEMS
WHAT IS ENGINE?

• An engine is essentially a machine that converts energy into mechanical


motion. Here's a breakdown:
• Core Function:
– Engines take one form of energy (like the chemical energy in fuel) and transform
it into another form (mechanical energy, which creates movement).
DIFFERENT TYPES OF
ENGINE
• INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
Spark-Ignition Engines (Gasoline):These engines use a
spark plug to ignite a mixture of fuel and air.

• Commonly found in cars, motorcycles, and small power equipment.


• Variations include:
– Four-stroke engines
– Two-stroke engines
– Rotary (Wankel) engines
• Compression-Ignition Engines
(Diesel):These engines ignite fuel by
compressing air to a high temperature, then
injecting fuel.
• Known for their fuel efficiency and high
torque.
• Commonly used in trucks, buses, and heavy
machinery.
• Gas Turbine Engines:These engines use a continuous combustion process
to generate hot gases that drive a turbine.
• Used in aircraft (jet engines), power generation, and some ships.
External Combustion Engines

• Steam Engines:
– These engines burn fuel outside the engine to heat water, producing steam that
drives a piston or turbine.
– Historically significant, but now less common.
• . Electric Motors:
• These engines convert electrical energy into mechanical energy.
• Increasingly prevalent in electric vehicles and various industrial
applications.
THE
DIFFERENT
SYSTEM OF
ENGINE
Fuel System:

• Purpose:
– Supplies the engine with the
correct amount of fuel at the
appropriate pressure and
time.
• Components:
– Fuel tank, fuel pump, fuel
lines, fuel filters, carburetor or
fuel injectors.
• Variations:
– Carbureted systems (older
engines), fuel injection
systems (modern engines),
diesel injection systems.
Ignition System (for
Spark-Ignition Engines):
Purpose:
Creates a spark to
ignite the fuel-air
mixture in the
cylinders.
Components:
Battery, ignition coil,
distributor or electronic
ignition module, spark
plugs.
• Cooling System:
• Purpose:
– Removes excess heat from the engine to
prevent overheating.
• Types:
– Liquid-cooled (using coolant and a radiator)
– Air-cooled (using air flowing over fins on the
engine)
• Components:
– Radiator, water pump, thermostat, coolant
hoses, fan.
• Lubrication System:
• Purpose:
– Reduces friction between
moving parts within the
engine.
• Components:
– Oil pump, oil filter, oil pan, oil
passages.
• Intake System: In order to understand how an intake
system works, it can be useful to imagine an internal
combustion engine as a big air pump. It draws air in from one
end (the intake) and expels air from the other end (the
exhaust.) In order for this process to occur in modern
engines, a precise amount of clean, filtered air has to be
available at all times. That means that an air intake system
essentially works by:
• providing the engine with access to air
• filtering the air
• reporting the volume of the air to the engine control unit

• Purpose:
– Supplies clean air to the engine.
• Components:
– Air filter, intake manifold, throttle body.
• Exhaust System: collect
gases from the engine,
remove harmful toxins from
those gases, reduce engine
noise and discharge the gases
away from the car's
occupants.
• Purpose:
– Removes burned gases
from the engine.
• Components:
– Exhaust manifold,
exhaust pipes, catalytic
converter, muffler.
• Starting System:
• Purpose:
– Rotates the engine to
initiate combustion.
• Components:
– Battery, starter
motor, solenoid.
• Engine Control System
(Electronic):
• Purpose:
– Monitors and controls
various engine
functions for optimal
performance and
emissions.
• Components:
– Sensors (e.g., oxygen
sensors, temperature
sensors), electronic
control unit (ECU),
actuators.
Transmissi
on System
EVOLUTION OF TRANSMISSION
SYSTEM

Emile Levassor and Louise-Rene


Panhard
 1894 they are
credited with the
developing the first
manual transmission.
They used a train
drive on their original
transmission.
Alfred
Horner
Munro
a Canadian
steam
engineer,
invented the
first automatic
transmission in
1921.
Invented the
Hydraulic
Transmission
 In 1932 by Brazilian
engineers Fernando Lehly
Lemos and Jose Braz
Araripe
 General Motors
bought their
prototype and
design to
create the
Hydra-Matic
Transmission.
 Dynaflow transmission
Introduced by Buick in
1947, this was the first
commercially produced
transmission with a
torque converter.
 Cadillac Series 61 This
model used a four-
speed automatic
transmission with a
fluid coupling and a
hydraulic torque
converter.
 Planetary gear
assemblies these
systems keep all gears
turning at the same time.

 Direct Clutch
Transmission This
transmission addresses
the biggest performance
problems with manual
transmissions.
What is Transmission System?
A car transmission is a crucial component
in the drivetrain that transfers power from
the engine to the wheels. Transmissions
can be either automatic or manual, with
manual transmissions requiring the driver
to manually change gears.
What are the parts
of Transmission
System?
 The transmission system
basically includes engine,
clutch, gearbox (also known as
transmission), drive shaft or
propeller shaft, universal joints,
rear axle, wheel, and tires.
Each component attached to
the engine plays a vital role in
the entire power transmission
process.
Variety of a car transmission
 MANUAL- Manual transmission cars, also known as stick shift cars, are
vehicles where the driver manually changes gears using a stick shift.
-Chevrolet Camaro
-BMW M2
-2024 Ford Bronco

 AUTOMATIC-Automatic transmission cars are vehicles that automatically


shift gears without requiring the driver to do so manually.
-Honda Amaze
-Toyota Cramy
-Audi Q7
How does transmission work?
 it enables the gear ratio between the drive wheels
and engine to adjust the car speed from slowing
down to speeding up. It also enables quick
acceleration from a stop and enable the engine to
run slowly to cutdown on wear
TYPES OF TRANSMISSION

 MANUAL TRANSMISSION (MT)


 INTELLIGENT MANUAL TRANSMISSION (IMT)
 AUTOMATED MANUAL TRANSMISSION (AMT)
 AUTOMATED TRANSMISSION (AT)
 CONTINUOSLY VARIABLE TRANSMISSION (CVT’S)
 SEMI AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION
 DUAL – CLUTCH TRANSMISSION
Manual Transmission (MT)
 Manual transmission is a type of
transmission in which the gears are changed
by a lever operated by the driver of a
vehicle.
Set of Gears
PROS
-Better for off road high torque load usage.
-Reliable and easy to service maintain and repair.

CONS
-More work required during driving.
Intelligent Manual
Transmission(IMT)
 Transmission system that combines the feel of a
manual transmission with the convenience of an
automatic transmission.

Hyundai Venue Toyota GR Supra


Automated Manual
Transmission(AMT)
 A type of transmission that combines a manual
transmission with automatic clutch and gear shifting.

BMW M3
Automated Transmission (AT)
 A transmission in a car that shifts gears without driver input.
 According to State Farm, an automatic car is an automobile with an
automatic transmission that doesn't require a driver to shift gears
manually.

Suzuki Swift
PRONS
-easy to use
-comfortable while driving

CONS
-expensive to maintain and repair
-many items can fail
Continuously Variable Transmission
(CVT’s)
a type of automatic transmission that can change through an infinite range of
gear ratios

examples: Chevrolet: Malibu, Trailblazer, Spark.

PROS
-smoothest ride
-great fuel efficiency
-faster response

CONS
-unusuable in off road conditions
-no ability for engine braking
Semi Automatic Transmission

 A semi-automatic car is a vehicle  Pros


that uses a mix of manual and
Smooth Shifting
automatic features through
having the option to easily switch Less in efficiency of shifting
to either. This leads to a semi-
automatic being comparatively
 Cons
better as it is more energy and
fuel-efficient than the likes of its Complex systems items can fail
manual/automatic counterpart.
Expensive to maintain and repair.

Examples: Subaru Autoclutch,


Volkswagen Autostick
Dual-Clutch Transmission

 is a type of automatic  It offer cutting edge performance


transmission that uses two with lightning fast gear changes
clutches to shift gears. that a pure manual just can’t
match.

 as a twin-clutch transmission) is
a type of multi-speed vehicle
transmission system, that uses
two separate clutches for odd
and even gear sets.

 It allows for incredibly fast these


gear boxes can generally
operated in a fully automatic
mode or manually shifted with
paddles on a steering wheel
Thank You for Listening!

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