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Natural Hazards & Disasters

A disaster is defined as a sudden event that disrupts a community's functioning and exceeds its ability to cope, resulting from the interplay of hazards, vulnerability, and insufficient capacity. The document outlines various types of natural and human-induced hazards, the scale of disasters, and the elements at risk. It also discusses disaster management goals, the cycle of disaster management including mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery, as well as the challenges faced in effective disaster risk management.

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Nimraa Abdulhayee
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3 views20 pages

Natural Hazards & Disasters

A disaster is defined as a sudden event that disrupts a community's functioning and exceeds its ability to cope, resulting from the interplay of hazards, vulnerability, and insufficient capacity. The document outlines various types of natural and human-induced hazards, the scale of disasters, and the elements at risk. It also discusses disaster management goals, the cycle of disaster management including mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery, as well as the challenges faced in effective disaster risk management.

Uploaded by

Nimraa Abdulhayee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NATURAL

HAZARDS &
DISASTERS
GENERAL SCIENCE & ABILITY
BY
MIAN SHAFIQ
WHAT IS A DISASTER?

• A disaster is a sudden, calamitous event that


seriously disrupts the functioning of a community or
society and causes human, material, and economic or
environmental losses that exceed the community’s or
society’s ability to cope using its own resources”.
DISASTER

A disaster occurs when a hazard impacts on vulnerable people.


The combination of hazards, vulnerability and inability to
reduce the potential negative consequences of risk results in a
disaster.

Disaster = Hazard x Vulnerability

Capacity
It results from the combination of hazards, conditions of vulnerability and insufficient
capacity or measures to reduce the potential negative consequences of risk.
HAZARD, VULNERABILITY & CAPACITY

• Hazard can be defined as a threatening event, or probability of occurrence of


a potentially damaging phenomenon within a given time period and area.

• Vulnerability in this context can be defined as the diminished capacity of an


individual or group to anticipate, cope with, resist and recover from the impact
of a natural or man-made hazard.
– Vulnerability increase by
• Poverty
• Poor infrastructure
• Lack of natural resource
• Capacity can be defined as The resources available to individuals,
households and communities to cope with a threat or to resist the impact of a
hazard. Such resources can be physical or material, but they can also be found
in the way a community is organized or in the skills or attributes of individuals
HAZARD TYPES
HAZARDS IN PAKISTAN
NATURAL HUMAN INDUCED
DROUGHTS TRANSPORT ACCIDENTS
EARTHQUAKES OIL SPILLS
FLOODS URBAN FIRES
TSUNAMI
CIVIL CONFLICTS
AVALANCHES
INTERNAL DISPLACEMENTS
LANDSLIDES
CYCLONES/STORMS CHEMICAL, NUCLEAR AND
GLACIAL LAKE OUTBURSTS RADIOLOGICAL (CNR) ACCIDENTS
RIVER EROSION
PEST ATTACKS
EPIDEMICS
SCALE OF DISASTER
Is Dependent on :

– Lead Time Available.

– Intensity of Hazard.

– Duration.

– Spatial Extent.

– Density of Population & Assets.

– Time of Occurrence.

– Vulnerabilities existing in the Elements at


ELEMENTS AT RISK
• People
• Livestock
• Rural Housing
• Houses
• Crops, Trees, Forests
• Telephone, Electric poles, Sewerage system
• Communication Network, Roads, Railways, airports
• Boats, Shipping Infrastructure, Coast side buildings
• Personal Property
• Universities, Hospitals
• Infrastructure Support
DISASTERS IN OUR COURSE
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
DISASTER MANAGEMENT

• Disaster Management can be defined as the

organization and management of resources and

responsibilities for dealing with all humanitarian

aspects of emergencies, in particular preparedness,

response and recovery in order to lessen the


GOALS OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT

(1) Reduce, or avoid, losses from hazards

(2) Assure prompt assistance to victims

(3) Achieve rapid and effective recovery


HUMAN RESPONSE TO HAZARDS

• Reactive – traditional response


– Impact
• Direct (People killed, property damaged – affects
individuals or small groups) and
• Indirect effects (mental trauma, tax, donations—affects
population)
– Stages:
• Emergency: Search and Rescue, shelter, opening roads
• Restoration: water and power, return to home, cleaning
of rubble
• Reconstruction I: Return to pre-disaster level
• Reconstruction II: improvement
– Rapid Restoration can be counter-productive
DIS ASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE
MITIGATION
Mitigation activities actually eliminate or reduce the
probability of disaster occurrence, or reduce the effects of
unavoidable disasters. Mitigation measures include:
• building codes;
• vulnerability analyses updates;
• zoning and land use management;
• building use regulations and safety codes;
• preventive health care; and
• public education.
PREPAREDNESS
During the preparedness phase, governments, organizations, and
individuals develop plans to save lives, minimize disaster damage, and
enhance disaster response operations. Preparedness measures include:
• preparedness plans;
• emergency exercises/training;
• warning systems;
• emergency communications systems;
• evacuations plans and training;
• resource inventories;
• emergency personnel/contact lists;
• mutual aid agreements; and
• public information/education.
RESPONSE
• Evacuation/Mitigation

• Search and Rescue

• Assessment

• Emergency Relief

• Logistics and Supply

• Communication and information Management

• Survivor Response and coping

• Security

• Expedite rehabilitation and reconstruction


RECOVERY
Recovery activities continue until all systems return to

normal or better. Recovery measures, both short and

long term, include returning vital life-support systems

to minimum operating standards; temporary housing;

public information; health and safety education;

reconstruction; counseling programs; and economic


CHALLENGES
LACK OF POLITICAL ATTENTION
RESOURCE CONSTRAINTS AND COMPETING DEMANDS
LACK OF AWARENESS AND
LACK OF PROFESSIONAL EXPERTISE IN THE FIELD OF DRM

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