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Programming Language Generations

The document outlines the generations of programming languages, from 1GL (Machine Language) to 5GL (AI-based Languages), detailing their code types, processing methods, outputs, and limitations. Each generation represents a significant evolution in programming, with increasing abstraction and complexity. The summary highlights the key characteristics and challenges associated with each generation.

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yash.vardhan.anand0
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0 views8 pages

Programming Language Generations

The document outlines the generations of programming languages, from 1GL (Machine Language) to 5GL (AI-based Languages), detailing their code types, processing methods, outputs, and limitations. Each generation represents a significant evolution in programming, with increasing abstraction and complexity. The summary highlights the key characteristics and challenges associated with each generation.

Uploaded by

yash.vardhan.anand0
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Generations of Programming

Languages with Execution Flow


Step-by-step processing, output, and
limitations
Programming Language
Generations Overview

• 1st Generation (1GL): Machine Language -


Binary code
• 2nd Generation (2GL): Assembly Language -
Mnemonics
• 3rd Generation (3GL): High-Level Languages -
C, Java, Python
• 4th Generation (4GL): Very High-Level
Languages - SQL, MATLAB
• 5th Generation (5GL): AI-based - Prolog, LISP
1st Generation: Machine Language

• Code: Binary (e.g., 10110000 01100001)


• Processing: Direct CPU execution
• Output: Register or memory
• Limitation: Hard to debug, hardware-specific
2nd Generation: Assembly
Language

• Code: Mnemonics (e.g., MOV AL, 61h)


• Processing: Assembler converts to machine
code
• Output: Console or memory
• Limitation: Hardware-specific, low-level
3rd Generation: High-Level
Languages

• Examples: C, Java, Python


• Processing: Compiler/Interpreter → Machine
Code
• Output: Human-readable (screen, file)
• Limitation: Platform dependent, debugging
needed
4th Generation: Very High-Level
Languages

• Examples: SQL, MATLAB


• Processing: Engine-based (domain specific)
• Output: Table or visual output
• Limitation: Limited to specific domains
5th Generation: AI-based
Languages

• Examples: Prolog, LISP


• Processing: Inference engine and logic rules
• Output: Result based on logic queries
• Limitation: Hard to implement and slow
performance
Summary: Processing, Output, and
Limitations

• 1GL: Binary → Direct CPU → Raw → Hard to


debug
• 2GL: Mnemonics → Assembler → Console →
Hardware specific
• 3GL: Code → Compiler → Screen → Platform
dependent
• 4GL: Declarative → Engine → Table → Domain
specific
• 5GL: Logic → Inference → Decision →

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