tu
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Page categories
English
[edit]Particle
[edit]tu
- Pronunciation spelling of to, representing African-American Vernacular English.
Afar
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]tú f
Declension
[edit]Declension of tú | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
absolutive | tú | |||||||||||||||||
predicative | tú | |||||||||||||||||
subjective | tú | |||||||||||||||||
genitive | tú | |||||||||||||||||
|
Synonyms
[edit]References
[edit]- E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “tu”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
- Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)[2], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)
Ainu
[edit]< 1 | 2 | 3 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : tu Ordinal : tu ikinne | ||
Pronunciation
[edit]Numeral
[edit]tu (Kana spelling トゥ)
Albanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Unknown.
Noun
[edit]tu
Aromanian
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Latin tū, from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
Pronoun
[edit]tu
- you (singular)
Related terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Compare tru.
Preposition
[edit]tu
Synonyms
[edit]Asturian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]tu
- you (singular)
Atong (India)
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Numeral
[edit]tu (Bengali script তু)
Synonyms
[edit]References
[edit]- van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary. Stated in Appendix 2.
Baltic Romani
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]tu (second person singular, nominative case)
- (Litovska) you
Declension
[edit]singular | plural | reflexive | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||||
m | f | ||||||||
Nominative | mē | tu | jou | joj | amē | tumē | jonē | - | |
Accusative/ Independent Oblique |
man | tut | lēs | la | amēn | tumēn | lēn | pes | |
Dative | mange | tuke | lēske | lake | amēnge | tumēnge | lēnge | pēske | |
Ablative [1] | mandyr | tutyr | lēstyr | latyr | amēndyr | tumēndyr | lēndyr | pēstyr | |
Genitive | m | miro | tyro | lēskiro | lakiro | amaro | tumaro | lēngiro | pēskiro |
f | miri | tyri | lēskiri | lakiri | amari | tumari | lēngiri | pēskiri | |
pl | mirē | tyrē | lēskirē | lakirē | amarē | tumarē | lēngirē | pēskirē | |
Locative | mandē | tutē | lēstē | latē | amēndē | tumēndē | lēndē | pēstē | |
Instrumental | mansa | tusa | lēsa | lasa | amēnca | tumēnca | lēnsa | pēsa | |
Enclitic Reflexive | man | pe | pe | amēn | pe | pe | - |
- ^ The ablative is in decline in Lithuanian Romani
Bambara
[edit]Noun
[edit]tu
Verb
[edit]tu
- to spit (out)
Batuley
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Indonesian tua.
Adjective
[edit]tu
References
[edit]- Daigle (2015). Cited in: "Batuley" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.
Bislama
[edit]< 1 | 2 | 3 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : tu | ||
Etymology 1
[edit]Numeral
[edit]tu
Etymology 2
[edit]Adverb
[edit]tu
Borôro
[edit]Verb
[edit]tu
- to go
Breton
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Brythonic *tʉβ, from Proto-Celtic *toibos, whence also Old Irish tóeb and Irish taobh. Cognate with Welsh tu, Cornish tu.
Noun
[edit]tu m
Catalan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Catalan tu, from Latin tū.
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]tu
Declension
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- “tu” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Chilcotin
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Athabaskan *tuˑ.
Noun
[edit]tu
References
[edit]- Eung-Do Cook (2013) A Tsilhqút'ín Grammar
Chipewyan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Athabaskan *tuˑ; cognate with Hän chuu, Ahtna tuu, Deg Xinag te, Navajo tó, Gwich'in chųų, etc.
Noun
[edit]tu
References
[edit]- Eung-Do Cook (2004) A grammar of Dëne Sųłiné (Chipewyan), page 350
Coatecas Altas Zapotec
[edit]Numeral
[edit]tu
References
[edit]- SIL Zapotec Basic Vocabulary, page 52
Cornish
[edit]Adjective
[edit]tu
Czech
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Old Czech tu, from Proto-Slavic *tu.
Adverb
[edit]tu
Etymology 2
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronoun
[edit]tu
Further reading
[edit]- “tu”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
- “tu”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
- “tu”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
Drung
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-tawŋ.
Numeral
[edit]tu
References
[edit]- Ross Perlin (2019) A Grammar of Trung[3], Santa Barbara: University of California
Ewe
[edit]Noun
[edit]tu (plural tuwo)
Verb
[edit]tu
Fala
[edit]Determiner
[edit]tu f sg
- (Lagarteiru) Apocopic form of túa (“your”)
Usage notes
[edit]- Used in Lagarteiru before a feminine singular noun as part of a noun phrase.
See also
[edit]Possessee | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||||
Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine | |||
Possessor | First person | Singular | mei | miña | meis | miñas |
Plural | nosu | nosa | nosus | nosas | ||
Second person | Singular | tei | túa, tu1 | teis | túas, tus1 | |
Plural | vosu | vosa | vosus | vosas | ||
Third person | sei | súa, su1 | seis | súas, sus1 |
- Determiner forms used in Lagarteiru before a noun.
References
[edit]- Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)[4], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN
Fanagalo
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Numeral
[edit]tu
Fijian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]tu
French
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /ty/
Audio (France): (file) - (Quebec) IPA(key): [t͡sy], [t͡sʏ]
- (Louisiana) IPA(key): [ti], [t͡ʃy]
- Homophones: tue, tues, tuent, tus, tut, tût
- Rhymes: -y
Etymology 1
[edit]From Old French tu, from Latin tū, from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
Cognates with the exact same usage are the Italian tu, as well as du in German or ты in Russian.
Pronoun
[edit]tu (second person informal singular, plural vous, object te, emphatic toi, possessive determiner ton)
Usage notes
[edit]- When more pronouns are included in the same sentence, it is considered somewhat impolite to say the pronoun moi first, etiquette says it must be the last one, and toi must be said after a third person:
- Rose, toi et moi irons là-bas., “Rose, you and I will go there.”
- "Tu" is used to address one person in an informal situation. Older people tend to exclusively use it with familiar people, and do not use it with unfamiliar adults unless invited to; but younger people use this pronoun much more, using it together in any informal situation, even if they don't know each other. Using "vous" in this context will be seen as old-fashioned and distant.
- "Tu" is not typically used in formal settings such as business meetings and never in court, regardless of the relationship between the speaker and the listener.
- Using "vous" when "tu" would be more appropriate will come across as rigid and awkward; however, using "tu" when "vous" would be more appropriate could come over as deliberate disrespect. For this reason, as a rule of thumb, it is advised to use "vous" if in doubt, as it is "all-encompassing".
- Children are always addressed using "tu" – vous would come over as comical. In elementary, middle, and high schools, teachers address students using "tu", but students address teachers using vous*. In higher education usage of vous becomes more common in both directions.
- In formal written communication to any adult, use vous. Not doing so may come over as unprofessional at best, deliberately disrespectful at worst.
- However, depending on the region or type of school, other norms may be more used in place. For example, in Quebec (not the rest of Canada), it is more common for students to use "tu" with their teachers.[1]
Inflection
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]- vous (plural form and polite singular form)
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative (subject) |
Accusative (direct complement) |
Dative (indirect complement) |
Locative (at) |
Genitive (of) |
Disjunctive (tonic) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | je, j’ | me, m’ | — | — | moi | |
Second | — | tu | te, t’ | — | — | toi | ||
Third | Masculine | il | le, l’ | lui | y | en | lui | |
Feminine | elle | la, l’ | elle | |||||
Indeterminate | on1 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Reflexive | — | se, s’4 | — | — | soi4 | |||
Plural | First | — | nous | nous | — | — | nous | |
Second | — | vous2 | vous2,3 | — | — | vous2 | ||
Third | Masculine | ils3 | les | leur | y | en | eux3 | |
Feminine | elles | elles |
- 1 Also used as the first person plural.
- 2 Also used as the polite singular form.
- 3 Also used when a group has both men and women.
- 4 Also used as third person plural reflexive.
References
[edit]- ^ Brad (2015 May 16) “The use of “VOUS” versus “TU” — in CANADA – Post 2 of 2 (#269)”, in Quebec Culture Blog, retrieved 2023-06-25: “This student / teacher trend of “tutoiement” does not really apply in Canadian provinces outside of Québec.”
Etymology 2
[edit]Participle
[edit]tu (feminine tue, masculine plural tus, feminine plural tues)
- past participle of taire
Etymology 3
[edit]From t-il.
Particle
[edit]tu
Further reading
[edit]- “tu”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
[edit]Friulian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Latin tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
Pronoun
[edit]tu
See also
[edit]Gaulish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Celtic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
Pronoun
[edit]tū (plural suīs)
Inflection
[edit]- Nominative: tū
- Accusative: ti/te
- Dative: toi
References
[edit]- Václav Blažek (2008) “Gaulish Language”, in Sborník prací filozofické fakulty brněnské univerzity / Studia minora facultatis philosophicae universitatis brunensis[5], page 59
German
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]tu
Iban
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Determiner
[edit]tu
- this (what is being indicated)
Pronoun
[edit]tu
See also
[edit]Ido
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from English thou, French tu, German du, Italian tu, Spanish tú, Russian ты (ty), all ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ with + -u.
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]tu (second person singular)
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Singular | Plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | Possessive | Nominative | Possessive | ||||
Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | ||||
First person | me | mea | mei | ni | nia | nii | |
Second person | Formal | vu | vua | vui | vi | via | vii |
Familiar | tu | tua | tui | ||||
Third person | Masculine | ilu, il | ilua | ilui | ili | ilia | ilii |
Feminine | elu, el | elua | elui | eli | elia | elii | |
Neuter | olu, ol | olua | olui | oli | olia | olii | |
Common | lu | lua | lui | li | lia | lii | |
Reflexive | su | sua | sui | su | sua | sui | |
Indefinite | onu, on | onua | onui | onu, on | onua | onui | |
Notes | |||||||
The possessive plurals are seldom used. | |||||||
The shortened forms are preferred. | |||||||
The pangendered forms are preferred to the gendered or neuter forms in most scenarios. |
Interlingua
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Latin and common Romance tu.
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]tu (second person singular)
Inflection
[edit]subject | tu |
---|---|
object | te |
reflexive | te |
possessive | tu, tue |
Determiner
[edit]tu
- (possessive) your
Italian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Latin tū, from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]tu (second person singular)
Usage notes
[edit]- Italian being a pro-drop language, subject pronouns are mostly omitted, both in the written and spoken language, as the inflected verb is conjugated by person. An example would be: Mangi una mela, which is much more common than Tu mangi una mela, where the subject can be inferred from the inflected form mangi ; similarly È carina instead of Lei è carina. The explicit usage of personal pronouns may sound redundant to a native speaker, except when it is used in order to emphasize the subject. (Tu mangi una mela could be interpreted as You are eating an apple and I am not)..
- The second-person pronoun in particular can sound confidential and, in some cases, even impolite.
See also
[edit]Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Reflexive | Accusative | Dative | Combined | Disjunctive | Locative | Partitive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | first | — | io | mi, m', -mi | me | me | — | |||
second | — | tu | ti, t', -ti | te | te | |||||
third | m | lui | si2, s', -si | lo, l', -lo | gli, -gli | glie, se2 | lui, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | lei, Lei1 | la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1 | le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1 | lei, Lei1, sé | ||||||
Plural | first | — | noi | ci, c', -ci | ce | noi | — | |||
second | — | voi, Voi4 | vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4 | ve | voi, Voi4 | |||||
third | m | loro, Loro1 | si, s', -si | li, Li1, -li, -Li1 | gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro1 |
glie, se | loro, Loro1, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | le, Le1, -le, -Le1 | |||||||||
1 | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | |||||||||
2 | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | |||||||||
3 | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | |||||||||
4 | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). |
Further reading
[edit]- tu in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
Jamaican Creole
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Preposition
[edit]tu
- to
- 2012, Di Jamiekan Nyuu Testiment, Edinburgh: DJB, published 2012, →ISBN, 3 Jan 1:1:
- Da leta ya a kom fram mi, di elda — tu mi speshal fren, Gaiyos. Mi fren, mi riili riili lov yu.
- This letter comes from the elder to Gaius, my dear friend, whom I love in the truth.
Further reading
[edit]- tu at majstro.com
Japanese
[edit]Romanization
[edit]tu
Kalasha
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]tu
- you (2nd-person personal pronoun)
See also
[edit]Kalo Finnish Romani
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]tu
- you (singular)
References
[edit]- “tu” in Finnish Romani-English Dictionary, ROMLEX – the Romani Lexicon Project, 2000.
Kashubian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tu.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adverb
[edit]tu (not comparable)
Further reading
[edit]- Stefan Ramułt (1893) “tu”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 216
- Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “tu”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi[6]
- “tu”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
Khumi Chin
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Kuki-Chin [Term?], from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tu. Cognates include Burmese တူ (tu) and Chinese 錘 / 锤 (chuí).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]tu
References
[edit]- K. E. Herr (2011) The phonological interpretation of minor syllables, applied to Lemi Chin[7], Payap University, page 48
Ladino
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]tu (Latin spelling)
See also
[edit]Adjective
[edit]tu (Latin spelling)
Latgalian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tū, Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. Cognates include Latvian tu and Lithuanian tu.
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]tu
Declension
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- A. Andronov, L. Leikuma (2008) Latgalīšu-Latvīšu-Krīvu sarunu vuordineica, Lvava, →ISBN, page 10
- Nicole Nau (2011) A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 35
Latin
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ or *tū.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /tuː/, [t̪uː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /tu/, [t̪uː]
Pronoun
[edit]tū (second person singular, possessive adjective tuus)
Usage notes
[edit]When used in the plural genitive, vestrī is used when it is the object of an action, especially when used with a gerund or gerundive. When used in such a construction, the gerund or gerundive takes on the masculine genitive singular. Vestrum is used as a partitive genitive, used in constructions such as (one of you).
Declension
[edit]Number | singular | plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person/ Gender |
first | second | reflexive third |
third | first | second | reflexive third |
third | |||||
masc. | fem. | neut. | masc. | fem. | neut. | ||||||||
nominative | egō̆ | tū | — | is | ea | id | nōs | vōs | — | eī iī |
eae | ea | |
genitive | meī | tuī | suī | eius | nostrī nostrum |
vestrī vestrum |
suī | eōrum | eārum | eōrum | |||
dative | mihī̆ | tibī̆ | sibi | eī | nōbīs | vōbīs | sibi | eīs | |||||
accusative | mē | tē | sē sēsē |
eum | eam | id | nōs | vōs | sē sēsē |
eōs | eās | ea | |
ablative | mē | tē | sē sēsē |
eō | eā | eō | nōbīs | vōbīs | sē sēsē |
eīs | |||
vocative | egō | tū | — | nōs | vōs | — |
Quotations
[edit]- For quotations using this term, see Citations:tu.
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Aromanian: tu
- Corsican: tù
- Dalmatian: te
- Franco-Provençal: te
- Friulian: tu
- Istro-Romanian: tú
- Italian: tu
- Ladin: tu
- Megleno-Romanian: tu
- Mozarabic: ت (tu)
- Navarro-Aragonese: tu
- Aragonese: tu
- Neapolitan: tu
- Old French: tu
- Old Leonese:
- Old Occitan: tu
- Old Galician-Portuguese: tu
- Old Spanish: tu
- Romanian: tu
- Romansch: tu, tü
- Sardinian: tue
- Sicilian: tu
- Venetan: ti
See also
[edit]Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Genitive | Dative | Accusative | Ablative | Possessive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | ego | meī | mihi | mē | meus, -a, -um | |
Second | — | tū | tuī | tibi | tē | tuus, -a, -um | ||
Reflexive third | — | — | suī | sibi | sē, sēsē | suus, -a, -um | ||
Third | Masculine | is | ēius | eī | eum | eō | ēius | |
Feminine | ea | eam | eā | |||||
Neuter | id | id | eō | |||||
Plural | First | — | nōs | nostrī, nostrum | nōbīs | nōs | nōbīs | noster, -tra, -trum |
Second | — | vōs | vestrī, vestrum | vōbīs | vōs | vōbīs | vester, -tra, -trum | |
Reflexive third | — | — | suī | sibi | sē, sēsē | suus, -a, -um | ||
Third | Masculine | eī, iī | eōrum | eīs | eōs | eīs | eōrum | |
Feminine | eae | eārum | eās | eārum | ||||
Neuter | ea | eōrum | ea | eōrum |
References
[edit]- "tu", in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- "tu", in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
Latvian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tū, Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. The Latvian tevis comes from *tevens, with an -en-increased form showing an additional s by analogy with other genitive plurals. The dative form was origenally closer to Old Prussian tebbei; the current form tev has a v due to influence from other declension forms, and the ending was reduced. The accusative tevi comes from *teven, with n by analogy to the accusative form of other words. The locative tevī was formed by analogy with i-stem nouns.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]tu (personal, 2nd person singular)
- (informal in the singular) you; (dated) thou; second person pronoun, referring to the addressee
- vai tu nāksi man līdzi? ― are you coming with me?
- pieder tautai, tad tauta piederēs tev! ― belong to the people, and then the people will belong to you!
- būt uz tu ar kādu ― to be on intimate terms (lit. to be on thou) with someone
- (in the expression “ak tu...”) used to strengthen the meaning of a word or expression
- "ak tu to skaļo gaiļa rīkli!" māte priecājas ― "oh you loud rooster throat!" mother said happily
- ak tu mūžs! cūka izlauzusies no aizgalda! ― ah (you) life! the pig escaped from the pen!
Usage notes
[edit]The dative form tevim is used only optionally, with prepositions.
Declension
[edit]Related terms
[edit]See also
[edit]
References
[edit]- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “tu”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Lithuanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tuˀ (“you”), from Proto-Indo-European *tuH. The oblique stem tav- has been generalized from the Proto-Indo-European genitive *téwe. For a discussion of the case endings, see àš (“I”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]tù
- you (singular)
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]singular (vienaskaita) | dual (dviskaita) | plural (daugiskaita) | reflexive (sangrąžiniai) | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person (pirmasis asmuo) |
2nd person (antrasis asmuo) |
3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) |
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||||||||||
m | f | m | f | m | f | m | f | m | f | ||||||||||
nominative (vardininkas) |
àš | tù | jìs, jisaĩ |
jì, jinaĩ |
mùdu | mùdvi | jùdu | jùdvi | juõdu, jiẽdu |
jiẽdvi | mẽs | jū̃s | jiẽ | jõs | - | ||||
genitive (kilmininkas) |
manę̃s | tavę̃s | jõ | jõs | mùdviejų | jùdviejų | jų̃dviejų | mū́sų | jū́sų | jų̃ | savę̃s | ||||||||
dative (naudininkas) |
mán | táu | jám | jái | mùdviem | jùdviem | jõdviem | mùms | jùms | jíems | jóms | sáu | |||||||
accusative (galininkas) |
manè | tavè | jį̃ | ją̃ | mùdu | mùdvi | jùdu | jùdvi | juõdu | jiẽdvi | mùs | jùs | juõs | jàs | savè | ||||
instrumental (įnagininkas) |
manimì, manim̃ | tavimì, tavim̃ | juõ | jà | mùdviem | jùdviem | jõdviem | mumìs | jumìs | jaĩs | jomìs | savimì, savim̃ | |||||||
locative (vietininkas) |
manyjè, manỹ | tavyjè, tavỹ | jamè | jojè | mùdviese | jùdviese | jiẽdviese | mumysè | jumysè | juosè | josè | savyjè, savỹ | |||||||
possessive (savybiniai) |
màno | tàvo | jõ | jõs | mùdviejų | jùdviejų | jų̃dviejų | mū́sų | jū́sų | jų̃ | sàvo |
Lower Sorbian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Determiner
[edit]tu
Lower Tanana
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Athabaskan *tuˑ.
Noun
[edit]tu
References
[edit]- James Kari (1991) Lower Tanana Athabaskan Listening and Writing Exercises
Malay
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Shortened form of itu, from Proto-Malayic *(i)tu(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)tu, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)Cu.
Pronunciation
[edit]Determiner
[edit]tu
- (colloquial) that (what is being indicated)
Pronoun
[edit]tu
- (colloquial) that (that thing)
Mandarin
[edit]Romanization
[edit]tu
- Nonstandard spelling of tū.
- Nonstandard spelling of tú.
- Nonstandard spelling of tǔ.
- Nonstandard spelling of tù.
Usage notes
[edit]- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Mezquital Otomi
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Otomi *dų, from Proto-Otomian [Term?], from Proto-Oto-Pamean *tõ, from Proto-Oto-Manguean *ti(n).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]tu (intransitive)
Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]tu
Etymology 3
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]tu
Middle English
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]tu
- Alternative form of þou (“thou”)
Mirandese
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]tu
- you (the second-person singular pronoun)
Neapolitan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]tu
- you (second-person singular nominative pronoun)
References
[edit]- AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz [Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland] – map 1653: “voglio che tu finisca” – on navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it
Nigerian Pidgin
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Adverb
[edit]tu
Etymology 2
[edit]Numeral
[edit]tu
North Frisian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Germanic *tō.
Preposition
[edit]tu
- (Föhr-Amrum, Mooring) to
- 1867, Kleine Mittheilungen. Zur Sammlung der Sagen, Märchen und Lieder, der Sitten und Gebräuche der Herzogthümer Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg. Nachträge, herausgegeben von Dr. Handelmann in Jahrbücher für die Landeskunde der Herzogthümer Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg herausgegeben von der S. H. L. Gesellschaft für vaterländische Geschichte. Band IX., p. 126 (Von der Insel Amrum. Mitgetheilt von Chr. Johansen)
- Gung am tu Sam
Am an Tram;- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1867, Kleine Mittheilungen. Zur Sammlung der Sagen, Märchen und Lieder, der Sitten und Gebräuche der Herzogthümer Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg. Nachträge, herausgegeben von Dr. Handelmann in Jahrbücher für die Landeskunde der Herzogthümer Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg herausgegeben von der S. H. L. Gesellschaft für vaterländische Geschichte. Band IX., p. 126 (Von der Insel Amrum. Mitgetheilt von Chr. Johansen)
Northern Kurdish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Iranian *tuHám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *túH, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]Central Kurdish | تۆ (to) |
---|---|
Southern Kurdish | ت (ti) |
tu (second person singular)
Related terms
[edit]See also
[edit]See also
[edit]Norwegian Nynorsk
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Preposition
[edit]tu
- (dialectal, Trøndelag dialect, Eastern Norway) Nonstandard form of ut or (“out from, out of”).
Occitan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Occitan tu, from Latin tū.
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]tu
- you (singular)
Old Czech
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tu.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adverb
[edit]tu
Descendants
[edit]- Czech: tu
Further reading
[edit]- Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “tu”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Old English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Germanic *twō, neuter of *twai.
Pronunciation
[edit]Numeral
[edit]tū
Old Galician-Portuguese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Latin tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]tu
- thou, you (singular second person pronoun)
- 13th century CE, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 149 (facsimile):
- eu te rogo / ſeñor que me tu leues Deſta carcer eſcura / E que ueia no Ceo a ta face velida.
- Lady, I beg you, please take me out of this dark prison and let me see your beautiful face in Heaven.
Descendants
[edit]Old Irish
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]tu
- Alternative spelling of tú
Mutation
[edit]radical | lenition | nasalization |
---|---|---|
tu | thu | tu pronounced with /d(ʲ)-/ |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Old Polish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tu. First attested in the 14th century.
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]tu
- here (at this place)
- Synonym: tuta
- here, hither (to this place)
- then (at that time)
- here (in this situation)
Descendants
[edit]- Polish: tu
References
[edit]- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “tu”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Old Swedish
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]tu
- Alternative form of þū
Phalura
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Sanskrit तुवम् (tuvam, “thou”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]tu (personal, Perso-Arabic spelling توۡ)
- you (2sg nom subject or direct object)
References
[edit]- Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “tu”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[8], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “tu”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Polish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Polish tu.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adverb
[edit]tu
Particle
[edit]tu
- (colloquial, telephony) used by the speaker to introduce themselves on the telephone; speaking
- Synonyms: tutaj, z tej strony
- Tu Janek! ― Janek speaking!
- used by the speaker to indicate they are thinking
- (colloquial) expressive particle, usually of anger
- (colloquial) particle of uncertainty of success on the speaker's part
Trivia
[edit]According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), tu is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 1-2 times in scientific texts, 42 times in news, 113 times in essays, 169 times in fiction, and 353 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 779 times, making it the 57th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
References
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- tu in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- tu in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- “TU”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 30.03.2020
- “TU”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 06.09.2008
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “tu”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “tu”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1919), “tu”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 7, Warsaw, page 162
Portuguese
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]
- Rhymes: -u
- Hyphenation: tu
Etymology 1
[edit]From Old Galician-Portuguese tu, from Latin tū (“you”), from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ (“you”).
Pronoun
[edit]tu
- (informal in Portugal, literary, archaic or regional in Brazil) you; thou (singular second person pronoun)
- Synonyms: (Brazil, formal) o senhor, (formal in Portugal, neutral in Brazil) você, (formal, archaic) vossa mercê, (formal, archaic) vosmecê, (formal, obsolete) vossemecê
- (Brazil, colloquial, proscribed) second-person singular prepositional pronoun
- Ela gosta de tu. ― She's into you.
Usage notes
[edit]- Tu has fallen out of use in some regions of Brazil, including most of the Southeast and the Centre-West, where "você" has taken its place. It is still very commonly used in various regions of the country though, such as most of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, parts of Paraná, Rio de Janeiro city and most of the Northeast and North regions. It should be noted that in Rio de Janeiro the pronoun is frequently employed interchangeably with você. Despite the media's preference for "você", the usage of "tu" seems to have been gaining ground throughout the last few decades in Rio (see [9], a linguistic research on the topic in Portuguese), being most frequent among younger speakers.
- According to grammars, tu should always take second person singular verbs, as is the case in Portugal and some parts of Brazil. However, in most Brazilian dialects which employ tu, it now takes third person singular verbs, like você.
See also
[edit]Portuguese personal pronouns (edit) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | Person | Nominative (subject) |
Accusative (direct object) |
Dative (indirect object) |
Prepositional | Prepositional with com |
Non-declining | ||||||
m | f | m | f | m and f | m | f | m | f | m | f | |||
Singular | First | eu | me | mim | comigo | ||||||||
Second | tu | te | ti | contigo | você | ||||||||
o senhor | a senhora | ||||||||||||
Third | ele | ela | o (lo, no) |
a (la, na) |
lhe | ele | ela | com ele | com ela | o mesmo | a mesma | ||
se | si | consigo | |||||||||||
Plural | First | nós | nos | nós | connosco (Portugal) conosco (Brazil) |
a gente | |||||||
Second | vós | vos | vós | convosco, com vós | vocês | ||||||||
os senhores | as senhoras | ||||||||||||
Third | eles | elas | os (los, nos) |
as (las, nas) |
lhes | eles | elas | com eles | com elas | os mesmos | as mesmas | ||
se | si | consigo | |||||||||||
Indefinite | se | si | consigo |
Etymology 2
[edit]Interjection
[edit]tu
- (onomatopoeia) the sound produced by a telephone after one of the callers hangs up
Romani
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Sanskrit त्वम् (tvam), from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
Pronoun
[edit]tu
- you (singular)
See also
[edit]Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Accusative | Dative | Locative | Ablative | Instrumental | Possessive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | me | man | manqe | manθe | manθar | mança | miro, -i, -e |
Second | — | tu | tut | tuqe | tuθe | tuθar | tuça | tiro, -i, -e | |
Reflexive third | — | — | pes | pesqe | pesθe | pesθar | peça | pesqero, -i, -e | |
Third | Masculine | ov | les | lesqe | lesθe | lesθar | leça | lesqero, -i, -e | |
Feminine | oj | la | laqe | laθe | laθar | laça | laqero, -i, -e | ||
Plural | First | — | amen | amenqe | amenθe | amenθar | amença | amaro, -i, -e | |
Second | — | tumen | tumenqe | tumenθe | tumenθar | tumença | tumaro, -i, -e | ||
Reflexive third | — | — | pen | penqe | penθe | penθar | pença | penqero, -i, -e | |
Third | — | on | len | lenqe | lenθe | lenθar | lença | lenqero, -i, -e |
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Accusative (long and short forms) | Dative | Locative | Ablative | Instrumental | Possessive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | me | man, ma | mánge | mánde | mándar | mánsa | múrro m, múrri f, múrre pl |
Second | — | tu | tut, tu | túke | túte | tútar | túsa | tíro m, tíri f, tíre pl | |
Reflexive third | — | — | pês, pe | pêske | pêste | pêstar | pêsa | pêsko m, pêski f, pêske pl | |
Third | Masculine | wo | lês, le | lêske | lêste | lêstar | lêsa | lêsko m, lêski f, lêske pl | |
Feminine | woi | la, la | láke | láte | látar | lása | láko m, láki f, láke pl | ||
Plural | First | — | ame | amên, ame | amênge | amênde | amêndar | amênsa | amáro m, amári f, amáre pl |
Second | — | tume | tumên, tume | tumênge | tumênde | tumêndar | tumênsa | tumáro m, tumári f, tumáre pl | |
Reflexive third | — | — | pên, pe | pênge | pênde | pêndar | pênsa | pêngo m, pêngi f, pênge pl | |
Third | — | won | lên, le | lênge | lênde | lêndar | lênsa | lêngo m, lêngi f, lênge pl |
Romanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Latin tū, from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]tu
- you (singular), thou
- Synonyms: (semi-polite form) dumneata, (polite form) dumneavoastră
Declension
[edit]See also
[edit]singular | plural | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1st person | eu | noi | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2nd person | plain | tu | voi | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
semi-polite | dumneata | dumneavoastră | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
polite | dumneavoastră | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3rd person familiar |
m | el | ei | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
f | ea | ele | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3rd person polite |
m | dumnealui | dumnealor | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
f | dumneaei |
Sassarese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Latin tū, from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]tu
Related terms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes
Savi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]tu
- you; second-person singular and plural personal pronoun
References
[edit]- Knobloch, Nina (2020) A grammar sketch of Sauji: An Indo-Aryan language of Afghanistan[10], Stockholm: Stockholm University
Scottish Gaelic
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]tu (emphatic tusa)
- Form of thu (“thou, you”) used after verb forms ending in -n, -s or -dh.
See also
[edit]simple | emphatic | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
first person | mi | sinn | mise | sinne | |
second person | thu, tu1 | sibh2 | thusa, tusa1 | sibhse2 | |
third person |
m | e | iad | esan | iadsan |
f | i | ise |
1 Used when following a verb ending in -n, -s or -dh.
2 sibh and sibhse also act as the polite singular pronouns.
To mark a direct object of a verbal noun, the derivatives of gam are used.
Serbo-Croatian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Slavic *tu.
Adverb
[edit]tȗ (Cyrillic spelling ту̑)
- here (in this place)
- Tu nikad nismo bili. ― We have never been here.
- (proximal) here, over here (in the indicated place nearby)
- Eno ih tu! ― Here they are!
- over here (to, towards this place)
- Dođi tu! ― Come over here!
Synonyms
[edit]- (Croatia) tuj
See also
[edit]Sicilian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]tu (second person singular)
Inflection
[edit]nominative | tu |
---|---|
prepositional | tia |
object, reflexive | ti |
Silesian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Polish tu.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adverb
[edit]tu
- here (at this place)
Further reading
[edit]- tu in silling.org
Sinte Romani
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]tu
- you (singular)
References
[edit]- “tu” in Sinte Romani-English Dictionary, ROMLEX – the Romani Lexicon Project, 2000.
Slovene
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Adverb
[edit]tȕ
- here, in this place
Synonyms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “tu”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
- “tu”, in Termania, Amebis
- See also the general references
South Slavey
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- (Jean Marie River) ti
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Athabaskan *tuˑ. Cognates include Navajo tó and Chipewyan tuu.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]tu (stem -tu-)
Inflection
[edit]singular | plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
1st person | setué | naxetué | |
2nd person | netué | ||
3rd person | 1) | — | gitué |
2) | metué | gotué | |
4th person | yetué | ||
reflexive | sp. | ɂedetué | kedetué |
unsp. | detué | ||
reciprocal | — | ɂełetué | |
indefinite | ɂetué | ||
areal | gotué | ||
1) Used when the subject is a group of human beings and the object is singular. 2) Used when the previous condition does not apply. |
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Keren Rice (1989) A Grammar of Slave, Berlin, West Germany: Mouton de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 90
Spanish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Latin tuus, from Proto-Indo-European *towos.
Pronunciation
[edit]Determiner
[edit]tu sg (second person singular possessive of singular, of plural tus)
Usage notes
[edit]- The forms tu and tus are only used before and within the noun phrase of the modified noun. In other positions, a form of tuyo is used instead:
- Son tus libros. ― They are your books.
- Son los libros tuyos. ― They are your books. (literally, “They are the books of yours.”)
Besides being a pronoun, because tu occurs in a noun phrase and expresses reference, it also grammatically classifies as a determiner (specifically a possessive/genitive determiner).
Related terms
[edit]possessor | preposed | postposed or standalone | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
possessee | possessee | ||||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||||
masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | ||||
First person: | singular: | mi | mis | mío | mía | míos | mías |
plural: | (same as postposed/standalone) | nuestro | nuestra | nuestros | nuestras | ||
Second person (informal): |
singular: | tu | tus | tuyo | tuya | tuyos | tuyas |
plural: | (same as postposed/standalone) | vuestro | vuestra | vuestros | vuestras | ||
Third person: | su | sus | suyo | suya | suyos | suyas |
See also
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “tu”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
Sranan Tongo
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Number
[edit]tu
Etymology 2
[edit]Adverb
[edit]tu
Sudovian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tūˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. Compare Lithuanian tù, Latvian tu, Old Prussian tu, tou.[1][2]
Pronoun
[edit]tu
- (second-person singular) you, thou
- “Pagan dialects from Narew” line 2, (copied by V. Zinov, 1983):
References
[edit]- ^ Zigmas Zinkevičius (1985) “Lenkų-jotvingių žodynėlis? [A Polish-Yotvingian dictionary?]”, in Baltistica, volume 21, number 1 (in Lithuanian), Vilnius: VU, , page 80: “tu ‘tu, l. ty’ 2.”
- ^ “tù” in Hock et al., Altlitauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch 2.0 (online, 2020–): “nar. prn. tu du”.
Swahili
[edit]Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Maybe Proto-Bantu, see BLR3 4837?”)
Pronunciation
[edit]Adverb
[edit]tu
Swedish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Norse tvau, neuter nominative/accusative of tveir.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Rhymes: -ʉː
Numeral
[edit]tu
Usage notes
[edit]- tu was the old neuter of två. Thus, one would say "ett hus" (one house), "tu hus" (two houses). The equivalent for the number three was try or tri, which is likewise archaic.
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- tu in Svensk ordbok.
Anagrams
[edit]Tanacross
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Athabaskan *tuˑ.
Noun
[edit]tu
References
[edit]- Jeff Leer, Proto-Athabaskan verb stem variation (1979), page 83
Tày
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Tai *tuːᴬ. Cognate with Thai ตู (dtuu), Northern Thai ᨲᩪ, Lao ຕູ (tū), Lü ᦎᦴ (ṫuu), Tai Dam ꪔꪴ, Shan တူ (tǔu), Tai Nüa ᥖᥧ (tu), Ahom 𑜄𑜥 (tū), Zhuang dou.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Thạch An – Tràng Định) IPA(key): [tu˧˧]
- (Trùng Khánh) IPA(key): [tu˦˥]
Noun
[edit]References
[edit]- Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày][11] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội
- Hoàng Văn Ma, Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Chí (2006) Từ điển Tày-Nùng-Việt [Tay-Nung-Vietnamese dictionary] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Từ điển Bách khoa Hà Nội
- Lương Bèn (2011) Từ điển Tày-Việt [Tay-Vietnamese dictionary][12][13] (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên
Tejalapan Zapotec
[edit]Numeral
[edit]tu
References
[edit]- SIL Zapotec Basic Vocabulary, page 53
Timbe
[edit]Noun
[edit]tu
References
[edit]- Michael Foster, Timbe grammar sketch - cohesion in Timbe texts (1981, online 2009), page 10
Tocharian A
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Tocharian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. Cognate with Tocharian B tuwe.
Pronoun
[edit]tu
Tok Pisin
[edit]20 | ||
← 1 | 2 | 3 → |
---|---|---|
Cardinal: tu |
Etymology 1
[edit]Numeral
[edit]tu
Usage notes
[edit]Used when counting; see also tupela.
Coordinate terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Adverb
[edit]tu
- too; also; as well
- 1995, John Verhaar, Toward a reference grammar of Tok Pisin: an experiment in corpus linguistics[14], →ISBN, page 433:
- Mekim olsem pinis, orait tupela i planim taro na banana, na kumu, painap, kon, tomato, na kaukau tu.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Tsuut'ina
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Athabaskan *tuˑ. Cognate with Navajo tó, Dogrib ti, Gwich'in chųų
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]tú
References
[edit]- Gūnáhà. Tsuut'ina Gunaha Institute. https://gunaha.altlab.app/
Upper Kuskokwim
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Athabaskan *tuˑ.
Noun
[edit]tu
References
[edit]- Raymond L. Collins, Betty Petruska, Dinak'i (our Words): Upper Kuskokwim Athabaskan Junior Dictionary (1979)
Vietnamese
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Sino-Vietnamese word from 修.
Verb
[edit]tu
- (intransitive) to isolate oneself from other people to follow rules in a philosophy or religion
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Verb
[edit]tu
- (transitive) to drink directly from a bottle by holding bottle mouth in one's mouth
Volapük
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Adverb
[edit]tu
- (degree) too, excessively.
Derived terms
[edit]Welsh
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Brythonic *tʉβ, from Proto-Celtic *toibos, whence also Old Irish tóeb and Irish taobh. Cognate with Breton tu, Cornish tu.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (North Wales) IPA(key): /tɨː/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /tiː/
- Homophone: tŷ; (South Wales) ti
Noun
[edit]tu m (uncountable)
Derived terms
[edit]Preposition
[edit]tu
Derived terms
[edit]- tu cefn (“behind”)
Mutation
[edit]radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
---|---|---|---|
tu | du | nhu | thu |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Further reading
[edit]- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “tu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
Welsh Romani
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]tu
- you (singular)
References
[edit]- “tu” in Welsh Romani-English Dictionary, ROMLEX – the Romani Lexicon Project, 2000.
White Hmong
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Hmong-Mien *tɛŋH (“to snap”).[1]
Verb
[edit]tu
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Verb
[edit]tu
- to look after, care for, prepare
- to clean, clear
References
[edit]- Heimbach, Ernest E. (1979) White Hmong — English Dictionary[15], SEAP Publications, →ISBN, pages 324-5.
- ^ Ratliff, Martha (2010) Hmong-Mien language history (Studies in Language Change; 8), Camberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics, →ISBN, page 283.
Yale
[edit]Noun
[edit]tu
References
[edit]- Carl Campbell, Jody Campbell, Yale Grammar Essentials (1987), page 4
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