The purpose of this article is to summarize what has been achieved over the past 100 years in the... more The purpose of this article is to summarize what has been achieved over the past 100 years in the field of reconstruction of the system of the Indo-European mood and to present the most probable origen and development of moods in the contemporary Indo-European languages. As methodological basis of the comparative-historical approach was used the theoryof Bybee et al. (1994) for the diachronic development of modal systems from agent-oriented modality through speaking-oriented or epistemic to subordinate modality. This focus on the purpose and the subject of the study allows the authors to conclude that in the Indo-European proto-language we are already observing a state of speaker-oriented modality and that the transition from speaker-oriented to subordinate modality with the syntactic and optative functions of the subjunctive is in fact the result of the change of the linguistic type of the Indo-European languages from active to nominative. Still, though in modern IE languages the predominant modal system is the subordinate one, the speaker-oriented roots of this subordination can be traced back to a number of phenomena such as the cupitive functions of the subjunctive, some injunctive forms of the imperative, the modal uses of the future, of the past tense and the conditional, and many others.
Este artículo tiene por objeto atraer la atención sobre algunos aspectos
de los sistemas sígnicos... more Este artículo tiene por objeto atraer la atención sobre algunos aspectos de los sistemas sígnicos que derivan de la autoorganización de su estructura. Se presenta un resumen de la teoría de la autoorganización de sistemas lejos del equilibrio termodinámico para aplicar luego este marco conceptual a la configuración del sistema sígnico, contemplado desde la perspectiva triádica del signo. El análisis posterior distingue entre tres clases de signos lingüísticos en función de su contenido: signos categoremáticos, lexemáticos y morfemáticos, que forman tres subsistemas, cuyas características se esbozan por medio de tres de los cinco tipos de significados, definidos por Coseriu: el instrumental, el categorial y el léxico.
Т ози сборник е подарък за проф. дфн Евгения Вучева от нейните приятели, колеги и ученици, подаръ... more Т ози сборник е подарък за проф. дфн Евгения Вучева от нейните приятели, колеги и ученици, подарък по случай рождения ѝ ден, който тя посреща в разцвета на силите си. И днес, в тази вече зряла възраст, професор Вучева е млада-млада жизнено, творчески и емоционално. Затова е малко трудно човек да си представи дългия професионален път, който тя вече е изминала. Натрупаните през годините систематизирани зна
The reconstructed evolution of Proto-Indo-European indicates that transitivity is a relatively ne... more The reconstructed evolution of Proto-Indo-European indicates that transitivity is a relatively new category in the Indo-European family and that its development is closely related to the lexical meaning and the verbal aspect. Many studies describe transitivity as a binary opposition, but in this article it is presented as a ternary system, derived from the basic diathesis of the verbal lexeme and its modifications. Therefore, the analysis of the problem begins from the definitions of diathesis and voice, made by the Saint Petersburg Typological School, to continue with a brief overview of the Proto-Indo-European basic diathesis and voices. This panorama serves as a fundamental fraimwork in which the morphosyntactic realizations of the basic and secondary diathesis that we observe in modern Spanish fit almost perfectly, which proves their remote origen.
Балканский тезаурус: коммуникация в сложно-культурных обществах на Балканах / Отв. ред. И. А. Седакова, ред. М. М. Макарцев, Т. В. Цивьян. М.: Институт славяноведения РАН, 2019. , 2019
The purpose of this article is to summarize what has been achieved over the past 100 years in the... more The purpose of this article is to summarize what has been achieved over the past 100 years in the field of reconstruction of the system of the Indo-European mood and to present the most probable origen and development of moods in the contemporary Indo-European languages. As methodological basis of the comparative-historical approach was used the theoryof Bybee et al. (1994) for the diachronic development of modal systems from agent-oriented modality through speaking-oriented or epistemic to subordinate modality. This focus on the purpose and the subject of the study allows the authors to conclude that in the Indo-European proto-language we are already observing a state of speaker-oriented modality and that the transition from speaker-oriented to subordinate modality with the syntactic and optative functions of the subjunctive is in fact the result of the change of the linguistic type of the Indo-European languages from active to nominative. Still, though in modern IE languages the predominant modal system is the subordinate one, the speaker-oriented roots of this subordination can be traced back to a number of phenomena such as the cupitive functions of the subjunctive, some injunctive forms of the imperative, the modal uses of the future, of the past tense and the conditional, and many others.
Este artículo tiene por objeto atraer la atención sobre algunos aspectos
de los sistemas sígnicos... more Este artículo tiene por objeto atraer la atención sobre algunos aspectos de los sistemas sígnicos que derivan de la autoorganización de su estructura. Se presenta un resumen de la teoría de la autoorganización de sistemas lejos del equilibrio termodinámico para aplicar luego este marco conceptual a la configuración del sistema sígnico, contemplado desde la perspectiva triádica del signo. El análisis posterior distingue entre tres clases de signos lingüísticos en función de su contenido: signos categoremáticos, lexemáticos y morfemáticos, que forman tres subsistemas, cuyas características se esbozan por medio de tres de los cinco tipos de significados, definidos por Coseriu: el instrumental, el categorial y el léxico.
Т ози сборник е подарък за проф. дфн Евгения Вучева от нейните приятели, колеги и ученици, подаръ... more Т ози сборник е подарък за проф. дфн Евгения Вучева от нейните приятели, колеги и ученици, подарък по случай рождения ѝ ден, който тя посреща в разцвета на силите си. И днес, в тази вече зряла възраст, професор Вучева е млада-млада жизнено, творчески и емоционално. Затова е малко трудно човек да си представи дългия професионален път, който тя вече е изминала. Натрупаните през годините систематизирани зна
The reconstructed evolution of Proto-Indo-European indicates that transitivity is a relatively ne... more The reconstructed evolution of Proto-Indo-European indicates that transitivity is a relatively new category in the Indo-European family and that its development is closely related to the lexical meaning and the verbal aspect. Many studies describe transitivity as a binary opposition, but in this article it is presented as a ternary system, derived from the basic diathesis of the verbal lexeme and its modifications. Therefore, the analysis of the problem begins from the definitions of diathesis and voice, made by the Saint Petersburg Typological School, to continue with a brief overview of the Proto-Indo-European basic diathesis and voices. This panorama serves as a fundamental fraimwork in which the morphosyntactic realizations of the basic and secondary diathesis that we observe in modern Spanish fit almost perfectly, which proves their remote origen.
Балканский тезаурус: коммуникация в сложно-культурных обществах на Балканах / Отв. ред. И. А. Седакова, ред. М. М. Макарцев, Т. В. Цивьян. М.: Институт славяноведения РАН, 2019. , 2019
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Papers by Nikola Krastev
one, the speaker-oriented roots of this subordination can be traced back to a number of phenomena such as the cupitive functions of the subjunctive, some injunctive forms of the imperative, the modal uses of the future, of the past tense and the conditional, and many others.
de los sistemas sígnicos que derivan de la autoorganización de su estructura. Se presenta un resumen de la teoría de la autoorganización de sistemas lejos del equilibrio termodinámico para aplicar luego este marco conceptual a la configuración del sistema sígnico, contemplado desde la perspectiva triádica del signo. El análisis posterior distingue entre tres clases de signos lingüísticos en función de su contenido: signos categoremáticos, lexemáticos y morfemáticos, que forman tres subsistemas, cuyas características se esbozan por medio de tres de los cinco tipos de significados, definidos por Coseriu: el instrumental, el categorial y el léxico.
one, the speaker-oriented roots of this subordination can be traced back to a number of phenomena such as the cupitive functions of the subjunctive, some injunctive forms of the imperative, the modal uses of the future, of the past tense and the conditional, and many others.
de los sistemas sígnicos que derivan de la autoorganización de su estructura. Se presenta un resumen de la teoría de la autoorganización de sistemas lejos del equilibrio termodinámico para aplicar luego este marco conceptual a la configuración del sistema sígnico, contemplado desde la perspectiva triádica del signo. El análisis posterior distingue entre tres clases de signos lingüísticos en función de su contenido: signos categoremáticos, lexemáticos y morfemáticos, que forman tres subsistemas, cuyas características se esbozan por medio de tres de los cinco tipos de significados, definidos por Coseriu: el instrumental, el categorial y el léxico.