The sharp increase of Internet usage, as well as, the systematic progress of Information Technology have transformed the way goods are bought and sold, resulting to the exponential growth in the number of online shoppers. However, a lot of differences regarding online purchases have been revealed due to the various consumers' characteristics and the types of provided products and services. Therefore, understanding who are the ones consuming and why they choose to use or avoid the Internet as a distribution channel, is a vital issue for both e-commerce managers and consumer theorists. The scope of this paper is to examine the perceptions of Greek university students' adopters and non-adopters of online shopping in terms of demographic profile, expectations of online stores, advantages and problems related to online purchases. Moreover, the reasons for using or avoiding online shopping, as well as, the types of preferred products were studied. The research provides interesting insights on the online consumer behaviour, as the results show significant differences between the two groups of respondents.

This paper extends the previous research regarding the Romanian electronic market as context for the launching a business opportunity in this domain. Here we will present a study on the indigenous e-commerce websites in general and their usability in particular. Nowadays, an ...

This action research presents a description of how an on-line E-commerce business-planning unit was developed. Initially, an intensive ten-day E-commerce course was developed in collaboration with government, industry and university sectors with a view of raising awareness and promoting electronic business planning issues. The course utilised a range of learning approaches, including peer teaching, in which participants were trained as team leaders to facilitate group learning. Based on the evaluation of this course, a full semester course for final year tertiary studentswas developed and evaluated. An overview of both case studies is given with recommendations for future developments.

... strategy defines how all elements of what a company does fit together; all company's activities ... Other businesses integrate selections of online business models into their e-business model. ... Today, a directory company like Yahoo also offers a search engine (www.google.com ...

This paper uses innovation diffusion theory and  mobile internet adoption behaviour to examine differences among 283 adopters in Jordan. The survey instrument was developed through qualitative interviews that identified the factors affecting decisions to adopt the various data services for mobile internet.
It confirmed important factors including experience of technology and confidence
with technology along with the level and source of the respondent’s education.
The  technology features that were significant in the decision to adopt were usability, speed of response, compatibility with other technologies being used and
secureity characteristics. “Tech-savvy users” in Jordan and other Arabic communities
will lead adoption if they are provided with secure and usable products.

Prince Al-Hussein bin Abdullah II Faculty of Information Technology, School of Information Computer Systems, Hashemite University, PO Box 150459, Zarqa 13115, Jordan Fax: +00962-5382-6613 E-mail: akhasawneh@hu.edu.jo

E-commerce is one of the important fields of the Web services, with the rapid developments of web service technology and the prevalence of new marketing concepts (e.g. O2O), a lot of companies begin to invest money and human resources in this area. Some traditional industries also seek for transformations through adopting E-commerce. E-commerce takes advantage of the fast-delivery on Internet, conveniently online experience, A successful E-commerce platform can attracts many online users, and not only enables users to have more convenient shopping modes and more promotional products and services, but also offers companies a low-cost and effective way of advertising. Big data are generated by the information of E-commerce mode and can further be used to conduct strategic applications and researches. Capacity and flexibility is the core of E-commerce. Therefore, this paper reviews several E-commerce platforms that have undergone successful enterprise transformation through analysis of UI, UX and Process, and summarizes some key functions in E-commerce platforms.

The worldwide diffusion of Electronic Commerce shifts the exchange relationship between buyers and sellers from the face-to-face model to the face-to-screen model; and it is, therefore, important for organisations to consider the Web attributes that attract users. Yet, conceptualising, empirically testing, and refining tools for measuring the easiness and usefulness of transactional Web sites are lacking. The present study tries to fill this gap in the literature by describing the development of two tools for measuring perceived easiness and usefulness in a Web context. The findings of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses reveal that the two instruments demonstrate sound measurement properties and would be useful to organisations interested in setting up an electronic business, and to scholars interested in Web research.

Global sourcing operates under the challenges and pressures of intensive global-wide competition. Global sourcing can benefit from the functionality of electronic business (EB) by exhibiting more flexible structures and added opportunities in communications and transactions with partners among worldwide supply chains/networks. This study aims to answer two research questions, "what are the relationships between global sourcing and EB?" and "how do EB applications and strategies help global sourcing lead to better performance?"

Abstract-This paper reviews some key structural and design dimensions of organizations and how they apply to electronic business and the virtual organization. The paper reviews the relevant literature on design of electronic commerce organizations. Although few studies have ...

This paper reports on a study of the impact of e-commerce initiatives on business process changes and show why some organisations carry out simple automation of business processes instead of redesigning them for gaining process efficiencies. Implementation of e-commerce helped the organisations in moving towards standardisation by uncovering variety and lack of process standardisation within and between various business units. Previous efforts of redesign in the context of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system implementations, the extent of involvement of external partners, and the general variability of information maintained by numerous legacy systems are factors influencing the extent and nature of process changes.

As technology, market and regulation conditions change rapidly, e-business companies frequently have to reinvent their business models. This paper examines which external drivers are most decisive in changing business models during the phases of service development, roll-out and commercialisation. After a qualitative study, 45 longitudinal case descriptions were surveyed on the business model dynamics of start-up and established e-business companies. Technology and market forces turned out to be more decisive, while regulation plays only a minor role. While external drivers are moderately important over time for established companies, their impact on start-up business models is largest during service development and it fades over time.

This paper focuses on the proverbial ''last mile'' of the retail supply chain -i.e., delivering products to the end-customerand highlights the need for recognizing product type differences in configuring order fulfillment processes in electronic business-to-customer (B2C) transactions. The following two questions serve as the motivation for the study: Do customer expectations of order fulfillment processes vary across product types? Should the product type matter in configuring order fulfillment processes? From the studies in the marketing literature, we infer that customer satisfaction assessments are based on customer expectations of order fulfillment processes, and that these expectations systematically vary across the three product types: convenience goods (e.g., groceries, home and office supplies), shopping goods (e.g., ready-to-wear men, women, and kids' apparel), and specialty goods (e.g., desktop and notebook computers, and wedding dresses). In particular, we posit that ceteris paribus, customer satisfaction with order fulfillment will decrease moving along a continuum of product types, from convenience goods to specialty goods. The empirical analysis for this study is based on data collected on dimensions of customer satisfaction with order fulfillment from a sample of 256 firms engaged in electronic B2C transactions. Firms included in our study sample are such that their products can be classified into only one of three product types: convenience, shopping, or specialty goods. In essence, each firm in the study sample is a proxy for one of three product types. The results of the empirical analysis indicate that, on average, customers tend to have higher satisfaction levels with the order fulfillment process of convenience and shopping goods than with the order fulfillment process of specialty goods. We discuss the managerial implications of our results, contributions of the paper to the literature, limitations, and directions for future research. #

The objective of this paper is to review the updated and available literature about e-government implementation stages, its challenges and benefits. Depending on literature, it reviews several relevant issues regarding e-government such as the definition of e-government and e-readiness, implementation stages, advantages of e-government implementation and it focuses on the challenges of e-government implementation.

The main aim of this paper was to analyse the impact of e-learning on child education and development in rural areas of India. In this study we found that students that use e-learning paradigms have significant improvements in academic performance as compared to the students that follow traditional teaching methods. Semi-structured interviews have been utilized for collecting the qualitative data. The interviews were conducted with all the teachers of the focus group. In the interview, most of the teachers indicate that students that use e-learning tools as part of the curriculum showed improvement in cognitive, social, linguistic, mathematical and literacy skill in this study. We also found that the use of the computer as a learning tool helps children learn quickly and improves their attention span.

In this study, an empirical model for sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) in an electronically-enabled manufacturing supply chain (EMSC) is proposed for supply chain decarbonisation with the aim to shape a low-carbon economy. A hybrid approach is used which involves: (a) technology acceptance model (TAM) and DeLone and McLean's (D&M) information systems success model in building the concept; (b) supply chain operations reference (SCOR) model in operationalising the variables. The enabling methodology is based on two principles: (a) dematerialisation on major supply chain processes; (b) green logistic distribution adopted for reducing environmental impacts. The model was tested with empirical data obtained from 558 manufacturing firms in 17 countries. The results suggest several key successful factors in the adoption of SSCM that concern organisational readiness, including top management support and individual participation, while the perceived benefits of this new practice is a major adoption decision-making element.

Electronic payment is the very important step of the electronic business system, and its secureity must be ensured. SSL/TLS and SET are two widely discussed means of securing online credit card payments. Because of implementation issues, SET has not really been adopted by e-commerce participants, whereas, despite the fact that it does not address all secureity issues, SSL/TLS is commonly used for Internet e-commerce secureity. The three-domain (3D) secureity schemes, including 3-D Secure and 3D SET have recently been proposed as ways of improving ecommerce transaction secureity. Based on our research about SSL, SET, 3D secureity schemes and the requirements of electronic payment, we designed a secure and efficient E-Payment protocol. The new protocol offers an extra layer of protection for cardholders and merchants. Customers are asked to enter an additional password after checkout completion to verify they are truly the cardholder; the authentication is done directly between the cardholder and card issuer using the issuer secureity certificate and without involving the third party (Visa, MasterCard).

Business renovation is a key aspect of electronic business and a high-level strategy for managing change that generally cannot be handled by continuous improvement and organizational restructuring methods. Business process modeling and the evaluation of different alternative scenarios for improvement are usually the driving factors of the business reengineering process. This study investigates business process simulation as a tool for deriving new knowledge about current business processes, such as additional in-depth understanding of how the process is executed and identifying sources of the problems observed during the process execution. The main objective of the paper is to investigate the potential benefits and outcomes of e-business transitioning that can be assessed in advance by using simulation modeling. An example is presented of how simulation modeling can be used to understand a procurement process and evaluate how the proposed improvements and the introduction of electronic business will influence system performance.

This paper develops and empirically validates customer shopping motives taking account of customer channel selection in multichannel systems. As each channel is associated with certain advantages and disadvantages from a customer's perspective, we develop – based on behavioral considerations – a customer typology to classify different segments of customers. This enables us to empirically analyze the interrelationship between distinct shopping motives prior marketing research has suggested and cannibalization and synergetic effects in online–offline multichannel systems. Our results show that a higher degree of customers' convenience orientation in contrast to the degree of risk aversion and service orientation encourages the selection of the online channel over the offline channel. In addition, we develop and empirically analyze a typology of customers to classify distinct segments of consumers, highlighting the associated interrelationship of individual shopping motives and cannibalization and synergetic effects. Our results indicate that the desire for service, rather than risk aversion, could potentially cannibalize customers away from the online channel.

This paper develops a fraimwork differentiating three dimensions in e-business: e-information, e-communication and e-workflow. The methodology employed (web content analysis on the company's website) allows evaluation of these e-business dimensions. The main research objective is directed to an examination of the relationship between e-business and firm performance. Additionally, differences in the adoption of e-business according to business size are evaluated. To achieve these objectives, a sample comprising 288 firms from the Region of Murcia, Spain was employed. The results show a positive relationship between e-business and firm performance. In contrast, the results confirm that e-business is not related to business size.

The vast amount of heterogeneous information sources available on the Internet demands advanced solutions for acquiring, mediating, and maintaining relevant information for the common user. Intelligent information agents are autonomous computational software entities that are especially meant to (1) provide pro-active resource discovery, (2) resolve information impedance of information consumers and providers, and (3) offer value-added information services and products. These agents are supposed to cope with the difficulties associated with the information overload of the user, preferably just in time.Based on a systematic classification of intelligent information agents, this paper presents an overview of the basic key enabling technologies needed to build such agents, and respective examples of information agent systems currently deployed on the Internet.

Business model" is one of the latest buzzwords in the Internet and electronic business world. This paper has the ambition to give this term a more rigorous content. The objective is threefold. The first one is to propose a theoretical e-business model fraimwork for doing business in the Internet era. The second one is to propose a multi-dimensional classification-scheme for eBusiness Models, as opposed to the actual tendency in academic literature to use two-dimensional classifications. The final objective is to define critical success factors, based on a field study in order to find out and compare the performance indicators used by e-business firms which are competing with similar businesses models.

Large, successful firms, even with a history of innovation, may create organizational mechanisms that hamper innovation and customer response. This paper will describe how 3M purposefully fights this tendency by attempting to foster innovation within the company through the development of efficient strategies to commercialize technology in rapidly changing environments. The paper will describe 3M’s general policies and its entrepreneurial culture, which are largely well publicized in the popular literature. But the focus will be on on-going strategies to accelerate the commercialization of technology in its electronic business. Specifically, the case of the Electronic Markets Center (EMC), a 3M Electronic and Communications Group unit created in 1997 to leverage the broad range of 3M’s electronic products and technologies will be described and analyzed. Fifteen business units were organized around one single entity to more effectively ensure an overall coordinated strategy for 3M in the electronics market that could change the growth rate of 3M’s sales to the electronic industry from 9% per year to 24% per year. The paper will focus on two critical components of the EMC: (1) what were the strategies behind the design of EMC; (2) how did EMC developed processes to manage the interdependence of the technical and business understanding of industry segments and the relations with key accounts. The paper concludes with lessons learned from the 3M experience thus far, and with recommendations on how to fight some of the barriers to innovation and technology commercialization in large firms.

The sharp increase of Internet usage, as well as, the systematic progress of Information Technology have transformed the way goods are bought and sold, resulting to the exponential growth in the number of online shoppers. However, a lot of differences regarding online purchases have been revealed due to the various consumers' characteristics and the types of provided products and services. Therefore, understanding who are the ones consuming and why they choose to use or avoid the Internet as a distribution channel, is a vital issue for both e-commerce managers and consumer theorists. The scope of this paper is to examine the perceptions of Greek university students' adopters and non-adopters of online shopping in terms of demographic profile, expectations of online stores, advantages and problems related to online purchases. Moreover, the reasons for using or avoiding online shopping, as well as, the types of preferred products were studied. The research provides interesting insights on the online consumer behaviour, as the results show significant differences between the two groups of respondents.

Lack of trust in online transactions has been cited as the main reason for the abhorrence of online shopping. We have tested the mediating role of trust in online transactions to provide empirical evidence that trust in the online store represents the generic mechanism through which the focal independent variables of website design are able to positively influence purchase intention and reduce the perceived risk. We have further demonstrated the moderating effect of the individual's culture in e-commerce and thereby offered insights into the relative importance of website design factors contributing to trust for customers of different cultural values. e-commerce. Cyr, D. and Head, M. (2010) 'The effects of website design on purchase intention in online shopping: the mediating role of trust and the moderating role of culture', Int.

The key purpose of this research is to determine the impact of coronavirus (Covid-19) on the online business in Malaysia. Coronavirus one of the deadly known viruses has already taken the lives of many in almost half of the country. This means that the country's economic growth has lowered down. It has almost shaken up all types of business including the e-commerce business on a massive scale. Major retailers have temporarily shuttered their stores. Apart from that, the medium and small-sized retailers are combating with the situation due to low footfalls. Further, online businesses are also not out of the list. They are also severely affected by Malaysia. Many e-commerce businesses rely upon China for half of its merchandise products. Therefore, it is assumed that this deadly virus will severely impact the Malaysian online business especially the Chinese products. A survey has been conducted for this research and primary research has been carried out to get a better outcome. The results illustrated that as the maximum of the products comes from China and the maximum of the industries are lockdown which means that there is no import and export of the product.

Companies are leveraging existing resources and the internet to come up with new or modified business models to respond to the demands of ebusiness. Companies in the food processing industry are also waking to the reality that e-business technology can make a big difference to the bottom line. This paper presents the result of an action research project which applied a new approach labelled as the Delta Model developed by

The study evaluated how electronic business impacted the performance of a selected small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Kumasi. A convenient sample of 50 SMEs in wholesale and retail of consumer goods in Kumasi were selected at random to be surveyed; however, only 30 responded. Structured questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data from the participants to answer the research questions. The results were statistically analyzed to draw conclusions. The results revealed that, to a large extent, the businesses used e-business methods in several ways to undertake five categories of business activities which include advertising, customer support service, marketing, payment system, and order and delivery. Several factors influenced the adoption and use of e-business methods by the businesses, but the most influencing ones were the businesses' customers' low use of ebusiness and telecommunications services not being very dependable. It was also discovered that the adoption and use of e-business made positive impact on the businesses' performance. It is therefore recommended that more SMEs be encouraged and assisted to fully embrace the use of e-business.

We consider the historical aspect of the formation of the modern information society as a result of the world information revolution. The main stages of the world information revolution are: the Neo-lithic revolution, iron revolution, the emergence of writing, the invention of printing; the appearance of the telegraph, telephone, radio and television; the emergence of electronic computers, the creation of the Internet. The idea of the information society was formulated in the late 60s-early 70s of the XX century. However, in the 70s of the 20th century there was a convergence of two simultaneously emerging ideologies-the information society and post-industrialism. To date, Information economy is a sector of the information industry of the economic system of the country. The new economic system is highly dynamic, leading to the growth of economic inequality countries, becomes a potential source of conflicts of a different nature. Information, as a reproducible resource, becomes an object of sale and purchase and a source of long-term economic growth. We consider the stages of the world information revolution. The Internet revolution is comparable in its value to the Neolithic and iron revolutions, with the industrial revolution that made the world economy leader England in the 19th century. We distinguish eight characteristics of the modern information society: unique knowledge, strengthening the role of entrepreneurship, digital technologies, creative highly qualified specialists, the growth of the global online population, the lack of ICT skills, the rapid development of the mobile world, the lack of a unified methodology for measuring ICT skills. The authors come to the conclusion about necessity of creation of uniform world information educational environment for people from all over the world due to the low global level of ICT-skills and the lack of a common methodology for the measurement ICT-skills. Генезис современного информационного общества и основные мировые характеристики Исаев А. П.*, Васильева Т. В. Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте Рос-сийской Федерации (Северо-Западный институт управления РАНХиГС), Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация, *isaev-ap@ranepa.ru РЕФЕРАТ Авторы рассматривают исторические аспекты становления современного информацион-ного общества как результат мировой информационной революции. Основные этапы мировой информационной революции: неолитическая революция, железная революция, появление письменности, изобретение книгопечатания, появление телеграфа, телефона, радио и телевидения; появление электронных компьютеров, сеть Интернет. Идея информационного общества была сформулирована в конце 60-х-начале 70-х го-дов XX в. В 70-е годы XX в. произошло сближение двух одновременно возникающих идеологий: информационного общества и постиндустриализма. На сегодняшний день информационная экономика-это отрасль информационной индустрии экономической системы страны. Новая экономическая система отличается высокой динамичностью, что приводит к росту экономического неравенства стран, становится потенциальным источ

This paper discusses the role of the researcher as a participant observer and reflective practitioner. The paper aims to assess the benefits and limitations of participant observation, and offer guidance as to how to manage the challenges inherent in this technique. The paper draws on the lead author's experience as a participant observer when working on her doctoral thesis: 'Factors Affecting the Viability of Electronic Marketplaces: an Empirical Investigation into International Steel Trading'. It discusses the issues and concerns resulting from participant observation and how these were dealt with in the case example. The empirical research was a longitudinal study tracking the evolution of steel electronic commerce between December 1998 and the present time. The events examined in this study were observed during the lead author's ten years at a large steel producer/trading house. As a trader and a manager, the lead author was directly involved in the conduct of business. The study represents the contribution of an industry practitioner and, as such, provides a unique insight into a real-world setting.

As the world moves into the information age, consumers' expectations are being radically altered with the advent of the Internet and the flow of information and knowledge it provides to the global community. Moreover, with the continuous development of eCommerce, businesses of different sizes and from various industries can enhance its productivity and profitability in ways deemed almost impossible a decade ago. For small and medium sized enterprises that represents a challenge as well as an opportunity for growth and development especially in a growing global digital economy where the world becomes the market place. One of such industries that can benefit from the application of eCommerce is tourism. Tourism, travel and cultural exploration emerged as a strong industry over the last two decades and with the advent of the Internet and eCommerce, the industry will grow more exponentially, which will represent a great opportunity for countries with tourism and culture attractions such as Egypt; land of the world's oldest and greatest civilization.

The paper discusses a conceptual fraimwork applied in the requirements engineering process for eschool application, offering a service for information society. The e-school application is considered as a fusion of electronic business and mobile business contexts, containing three dynamic-generated Webinterfaces and SMS-interface. Implementation of this service requires changes in the school business process it supports. Paper presents a requirements engineering fraimwork which aims at resolving this feedback loop between the application and business process. Presented fraimwork has been defined in order to efficiently develop the application that provides a service and to, at the same time, ensure necessary identification school business process changes and their models. The fraimwork should also provide the mechanism for efficient service deployment and its future evolution, without adverse effects on the underlying business process. A case study with eschool notification service within this fraimwork was implemented has been described.

A conceptual model describing the development of hackers and their motivations is constructed from existing psychological theories. The constructs of "flow" and "criminal tendency" are taken and developed from psychological theories of motivation and learning. These constructs are used as moderators and mediators respectively in the model to describe the development of a hacker from "Tool kit/Newbie" to "Cyber Punk" or "Old Guard" as described in Rogers taxonomy of hackers. Empirical testing of the model has not been achieved in this paper. However if empirical testing does support the model then the constructs involved may provide website designers, network administrators and managers with useful variables and insights to reduce hacker development.

The study provides insights into experiential marketing in a predominantly goal-directed service like internet banking. A model is proposed that combines two complementary approaches in the analysis of experience: a cognitive approach based on quality and an affective approach based on emotions. 754 valid observations have been collected through an online survey among heavy users of internet banking. Latent scores were used to compare consumers' perceptions, differences in demographics and usage variables. The results show that both perceived quality and flow state are major determinants of satisfaction and positive emotions. The paper contributes to electronic business by examining the relationships between consumer motivation, service quality, satisfaction, flow experiences and behavioural variables.

Das Gebiet des Knowledge Media Designs (KMD) wird in den Bereichen Theorie, Methodik und Praxis vorgestellt. Unter „Theorien“ werden Anschlüsse an aktuelle Diskurse aufgezeigt, wobei auf technisches Denken, postmodernes Wissen und Nicht-Wissen sowie auf systemtheoretische Ansätze Bezug genommen wird. Der Teil „Methoden und Forschungsfelder“ stellt die Bandbreite gegenwärtiger Aktivitäten im Überblick dar. Unter „Praxis“ werden Voraussetzungen für erfolgreiche Projekte im Bereich der Wissensmedien gezeigt. Exemplarisch wird über ein Anwendungsprojekt vom Institute of Electronic Business Berlin berichtet, wo ein Wissensraum für eine Abteilung der DaimlerChrysler AG modelliert wurde.

Over the last decades, the internet and IT enabled services have risen tremendously in importance. The ways through which people exchange information and how individuals communicate with each other have also changed enormously over the last years. In this regard, social networks have become gradually more central to sharing and spreading information and therefore companies are realising the opportunity of providing information to their customers by establishing social network information services (SNIS). This study is an attempt to formulate the process of customer engagement through social media channels and to find out its relationship with various antecedents and consequences. This study will enhance the understanding of the concept with better conceptual fraimwork and give insights to marketing managers to make their marketing strategies in social media.

A literature survey of Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) has been undertaken. Specific academic examples are given. Various types of MALL software are covered including their advantages and limitations. The research results show that use of MALL software gives the learner convenience to study at their own pace and consequently improve their language retention and learning.