Congressus internationales Smyrnenses by Maurizio Buora
LVR-Landesmuseums Bonn und des LVR-Amtes für Bodendenkmalpflege im Rheinland sowie des Vereins vo... more LVR-Landesmuseums Bonn und des LVR-Amtes für Bodendenkmalpflege im Rheinland sowie des Vereins von Altertumsfreunden im Rheinlande BAND 214 2014 Diese PDF-Datei ist nur zum persönlichen Versand durch den Autor bestimmt. Sie darf bis Januar 2019 nicht in das Internet, zum Beispiel auf die Homepage des Verfassers, gestellt werden. This PDF is good for private dissemination by the author only. Its publication on the world wide web, for example on the writer's homepage, is restricted until January 2019. Ce fichier pdf est destiné seulement à la distribution personnelle de l'auteur. Jusqu'au janvier 2019 il ne doit pas être mis en ligne sur l'internet, par exemple sur la page d'accueil du nomographe. Questo file pdf e destinato esclusivamente all'uso personale dell'autore. Non né è permessa la pubblicazione in Internet, per esempio sulla pagina Internet dell'autore, prima del Gennaio 2019. VERLAG PHILIPP VON ZABERN • DARMSTADT Gedruckt mit Mitteln des Ministeriums für Bauen, Wohnen, Stadtentwicklung und Verkehr des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen, des Landschaftsverbandes Rheinland (LVR) und des Vereins von Altertumsfreunden im Rheinlande. VIII und Seiten mit Abbildungen, davon farbig, sowie Tafeln und Tabellen. Es gelten die Regeln nach www.av-rheinland.de/BonnerJb.htm. Zu beachten sind insbesondere die dort eingestellten Grundsätze nach den ›Berichten der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission‹ Band , , und zwar im Sinne der geisteswissenschaftlichen Zitierweise mit Titelschlagwort. Ferner finden Anwendung die ebenfalls eingebundenen Abkürzungen für Periodika nach derselben Zeitschrift Band , , sowie die desgleichen erschlossenen Kürzel der antiken Quellen nach ›Der Neue Pauly‹. Weitere Abkürzungen am Schluss dieses Bandes. Aufsätze für die Bonner Jahrbücher werden in einem Peer-Review-Verfahren begutachtet. Redaktion: Olaf Dräger ISSN - ISBN ---- Copyright LVR-Landesmuseum Bonn, LVR-Amt für Bodendenkmalpflege im Rheinland und Verein von Altertumsfreunden im Rheinlande sowie Verlag Philipp von Zabern. Satz und Druck: Beltz Bad Langensalza GmbH. Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Gedruckt auf alterungsbeständigem Papier mit neutralem pH-Wert.
Studia Bithynica. Proceedings of an e-conference on the archaeology and history of Bithynia in north-western Anatolia, 10 May 2023 / Izmir, Turkey, , 2023
We are glad to inform you that an international symposium on the region Bithynia in north-western... more We are glad to inform you that an international symposium on the region Bithynia in north-western Turkey took place on May 10, 2023 on Zoom. Bithynia was an ancient region and Roman province located on the south-eastern edge of the Marmara Sea in north-western part of present-day Turkey. It was bordered by Mysia, Paphlagonia and Phrygia. From the fourth century B.C. it was an independent Hellenistic kingdom, and around 74 B.C. it became a Roman province. During the seventh century A.D. it was incorporated into the Byzantine theme of Opsikion. It became a border region to the Seljuk Empire in the 13th century, and was eventually conquered by the Ottoman Empire in the early 14th century. Several major cities of Bithynia sat on the fertile shores of the Propontis or in the forested inland, such as Nicomedia (İzmit-Kocaeli), Nicaea (İznik), Chalcedon (Kadıköy), Cius (Gemlik), Prusa ad Olympum (Bursa) and Apamea Myrlea (Mudanya). Beside being a coastal region, it is also occupied by mountains as well as forests, and has valleys of great fertility. Since the studies of F.K. Dörner in the 1950s, archaeologically and historically Bithynia became a special focus in the fields of ancient Anatolian studies.
The aim of this online video conference is to report on the state of research concerning Bithynia during the Greek, Roman and Byzantine periods between ca. early sixth century B.C. and early 14th century A.D. We warmly welcome submissions from senior and junior scholars, including advanced graduate students and postdoctoral scholars from a variety of disciplines related to this Anatolian region. We intended to bring together researchers who can present new syntheses of archaeological data from Bithynia and enter into dialogue with scholars working on the same material subsets. Intended to bring together scholars of Greek, Roman and Byzantine archaeology to discuss a range of issues concerning Bithynia, this electronic conference is an excellent opportunity to increase our knowledge about this region. Such papers that engage the following themes and topics are invited:
- Bithynia during the Archaic, Classical, Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine periods,
- Archaeological field projects in Bithynia,
- Museum studies in Kocaeli, İznik, Bursa, Istanbul, Bolu and Düzce as well as abroad,
- Ancient Greek, Latin and Byzantine authors and other textual as well as cartographic sources on Bithynia and Bithynians,
- Bithynia during the Late Iron Age,
- Bithynia and the Achaemenid Persian Empire during the sixth and fifth centuries B.C.,
- The Hellenistic kingdom of Bithynia and its rulers,
- Pre-Roman tumuli in Bithynia and their archaeology,
- The coinage of the Kingdom of Bithynia and Roman province of Bithynia,
- The Roman province of Bithynia et Pontus (after the two legendary volumes of Chr. Marek in 1993 and 2003),
- Roman provincial administration in Bithynia,
- Historical geography and settlement patterns in pre-Hellenistic, Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine Bithynia,
- Bithynia and Propontis,
- Two Bithynian cities and their interregional relationships: Nicomedia and Nicaea (after the 2020 volume of Asia Minor Studien no. 96 on the recent studies about Nicomedia and Nicaea),
- Epigraphic and numismatic studies in Bithynia during the Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine periods,
- Geographical, cultural and ethnic borders of Bithynia,
- Relationships between Bithynia and neighbouring regions,
- Roads, routes and population in Bithynia,
- Military archaeology in Roman Bithynia,
- The province Bithynia under the tetrarchy reform of Emperor Diocletian in A.D. 296,
- Roman Bithynia and Christianity to the mid-fourth century A.D. (after the Michigan dissertation of G.J. Johnson in 1984),
- Religious conflict in Late Roman Nicomedia and the rest of Bithynia,
- The Christian martyrs of the late third-early fourth century A.D. in Bithynia,
- Forms of Christian presence in Late Roman and Early Byzantine Bithynia,
- Episcopal sees of the Late Roman Bithynia,
- Jews and Jewish heritage in Roman and Early Byzantine Bithynia,
- Bithynia’s companion for the Christianity and early eastern Orthodox Church,
- Notable personalities of Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine Bithynia (e.g., Arrian, Cassisus Dio and Helena),
- The Byzantine province of Opsikion (after the TIB volume no. 13 in 2020 on Bithynia and Hellespontus by K. Belke)
- Middle and Late Byzantine studies in Bithynia,
- Miscellanea.
On these themes and questions, all approaches and methods susceptible to bring some progress to our current knowledge were of course welcome: archaeology, ancient history, historical geography, epigraphy, numismatic, history of art, cultural anthropology etc. The symposium took place virtually on Zoom. All the readings and discussions in our e-conference were in English, and recorded for later viewing on YouTube. The proceedings of the symposium will be published in 2025. The symposium was free of charge.
Records of the e-conference in YouTube
All videos:
https://www.youtube.com/@ergunlafli9033/videos
Bithynia e-symposium held on May 10, 2023, part 1:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KMn4GyJozA4
Bithynia e-symposium held on May 10, 2023, part 2:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dR7zlivGWFg&t=4167s
Bithynia e-symposium held on May 10, 2023, part 3:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5JzxxVFGdus
Bithynia e-symposium held on May 10, 2023, part 4:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dPLBMrf1HiM
Bithynia e-symposium held on May 10, 2023, part 5:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uaWsJI7DUZ4
Bithynia e-symposium held on May 10, 2023, part 6:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3-tPAeIUdpA
Bithynia e-symposium held on May 10, 2023, part 7:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dGcW_ZMOwF8
Bithynia e-symposium held on May 10, 2023, part 8:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2I3Szjukus&t=480s
Bithynia e-symposium held on May 10, 2023, lecture by Sean Silvia:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mm1kr1iZPtY
Il castello di Attimis tra natura e cultura
Nicomedian and Italic crowns in the Late Roma period The recent publication of the reliefs found ... more Nicomedian and Italic crowns in the Late Roma period The recent publication of the reliefs found in the early 2000s in Nicomedia, in the context of the probable imperial palace, allows us to have four (or perhaps five) new representations of agonistic crowns (fig. 1), carved in the panels of the frieze belonging to the Diarchy.
Memorie storiche forogiuliesi, 68, 63-80, , 1988
«Non si può dimostrare che qualcosa è giusto. Si può solo provare che è sbagliato.
Karl Popper
pagina 10 Maurizio Buora 73. Individuato un tratto della da Concordia al Norico?, "Aquileia nostr... more pagina 10 Maurizio Buora 73. Individuato un tratto della da Concordia al Norico?, "Aquileia nostra", 58, cc. 277-284. 74. a) Un bollo su tegola della gens concordiese Turannia; b) Ritrovata CIL, V, 137*, "Aquileia nostra", 58, cc. 319-322. 75. a) Udine-Scavi sul colle del castello; b) Il cimitero della chiesa di S. Maria; c) Udine. Scavi presso la chiesa di S. Francesco, "Aquileia nostra", 58, cc. 335-342.
Antihità Altoadriatiche, 40, 1993
MaNri z io Buora LEOPOLDO ZUCCOLO Leopoldo Zuccolo era fino a un quarto di secolo fa pressoché ig... more MaNri z io Buora LEOPOLDO ZUCCOLO Leopoldo Zuccolo era fino a un quarto di secolo fa pressoché ignoto, salvo a pochissimi specialisti di cose aquileiesi. Nel reperto rio edito a cura di Giuseppe Marchetti (1), in cui sono elencati e in un certo modo classificati tutti i padri della cultura friulana non vi è nemmeno una riga dedicata a questo personaggio. Negli ultimi anni sono stati pubblicati articoli specifici e alcuni cenni in saggi e opere generali più propriamente dedicate alla storia dell'arte. I bellissimi contributi di Lelia Sereni, di Laura Zuccolo, di Antonietta e Giusep pe Bergamini (2) esimono dal ripetere quello che è ormai acquisito. Si è fatta una fine analisi dei manoscritti conservati nella Biblioteca Civica cli Udine e si sono studiati i suoi metodi di approccio alla real tà aquileiese. Cosi ora è largamente noto il rapporto tra lo Zuccolo e l'ideologia del neoclassicismo, prima veneto e poi napoleonico, non ché la sua azione a favore della promozione di Aquileia, per vero ere de di una attenzione prestata dal governo austriaco già nel Settecen to. Non tratteremo quindi di lui in senso squisitamente tecnico o sol tanto erudito, ma si cercherà di allargare lo sguardo al significato che la pratica archeologica assunse nell'attività complessiva dello Zucco lo-definito «\Xliener Malern dal Maionica (3)-e più in generale del suo tempo, in Friuli. Ora dunque possiamo tentare di valutarne l'incidenza non solo nella storia degli scavi di Aquileia, ma più in ge nerale del rapporto tra l'antico e il moderno, ovviamente con riferi mento al piccolo mondo friulano.
Atti dell'accademia di san Marco, 2004
Maurizio Buora «zum sehen geboren, zum schauen gestellt» J.W. v. Goethe Alcuni anni fa l'Accademi... more Maurizio Buora «zum sehen geboren, zum schauen gestellt» J.W. v. Goethe Alcuni anni fa l'Accademia di San Marco di Pordenone e Pier Giorgio Sclippa hanno fatto opera meritoria portando alla pubblicazione le Memorie del viaggio effettuato nel 1779 e nel 1780 dal sanvitese Rinaldo de Renaldis in compagnia di suo cognato Bonifacio Bertoli 1. Non è certo l'unico resoconto di viaggio di un'epoca, in cui anche in Friuli numerosi personaggi, per lo più ecclesiastici, ma anche nobili, viaggiavano non solo per i doveri del loro ufficio, ma anche per cultura personale in Italia e all'estero, spesso con il taccuino, per disegni e per annotazioni, a portata di mano 2. L'opera del de Renaldis, come dimostra la sua bella grafia, dovette essere compilata per essere letta, non solo da lui, ma probabilmente all'interno della sua famiglia 3 , secondo una tradizione che affonda le sue radici
“Antichità altoadriatiche”, 35, pp. 151-178., 1989
Nel corso degli ultimi anni due fenomeni, in parte correlati, hanno permesso di conoscere meglio ... more Nel corso degli ultimi anni due fenomeni, in parte correlati, hanno permesso di conoscere meglio la circolazione monetaria in Friuli nel periodo repubblicano. Il primo è la maggior attenzione dedicata dagli studiosi (e qui occorre ricordare in primo luogo i numerosi e puntuali lavori del Gorini, accanto a quelli di altri pochi autori) (1) all'argomento, il secondo è l'ampliata possibilità di registrazione dei rinvenimenti casuali, per merito • dell'accre sciuto interesse verso la materia e grazie all'opera di numerosi ri cercatori, tra i quali si segnala specialmente A. Candussio (2). Come ha osservato di recente il Gorini (3) una grande varie tà di zecche e di monete caratterizza il mercato dell'area aquileie se all'arrivo dei Romani. Attende tuttavia ancora un'analisi spe cifica per l'area aquileiese la diffusione delle monete greche e greco-illiriche. LE MONETE GRECHE A quanto si sa finora monete greche e greco-illiriche sono attestate lungo l'itinerario che parte da Aquileia e sale verso i va lichi alpini, con particolare addensamento nella pianura centrale nei dintorni di Udine. Ricordo di aver visto, molti anni fa, presso un privato di Aquileia una moneta rinvenuta vicino alla sponda orientale della Natissa, a sud dell'attuale complesso di Marina di Aquileia, che il (1) Tra gli interventi più recenti per l'area della VeneJia orientale particolarmen
Vjesnik za arheologiju i historiju dalmatinsku, 2005
Tra le fibule della seconda metà del I sec. a.C. spiccano per numero e ampiezza dell’area di diff... more Tra le fibule della seconda metà del I sec. a.C. spiccano per numero e ampiezza dell’area di diffusione quelle del così detto tipo Alesia, denominazione che comprende più sottotipi, distinti per forma e decorazione. L’articolo analizza la diffusionedialcunitipididecorazionesull’arcoealcunevarianticheappaiono ben attestate, in special modo nell’arco alpino orientale (nel territorio di Aquileia in primis) e lungo la costa dalmata, a Narona e a Salona.
La Pannonia e l'impero romano, 1995
Antichità altoadriatiche, 1984
il sarcofago che Firmina volle farsi fare da viva. Esso è l'unico dei sarcofagi antichi conservat... more il sarcofago che Firmina volle farsi fare da viva. Esso è l'unico dei sarcofagi antichi conservato integro in museo('). Del tipo «a cassapanca», è scandito negli spigoli da una faccia piana, seguita da una bordatura a gola rovescia. Al centro del lato principale si trova una tabula molto ampia, senza anse, che occupa quasi i due terzi dello spazio disponibile; nei margini superiore e inferiore essa ha in comune il largo listello della profilatura della cassa, cui segue un classico «kyma» a gola diritta e rovescia. Al centro l'iscrizione risulta ben spaziata e perfettamente assializzata. Nei due riquadri marginali, di larghezza irregolare (quello a destra misura m 0,25 e quello a sinistra m 0,30), sono collocati i due eroti fanciulli che, in modo perfettamente speculare, sostengono la tabella. Essi sono collocati di tre quarti e non di prospetto e seguono uno schema assai diffuso. Da notare la forma allungata delle ali, comune nei prodotti delle botteghe aquileiesi (2), con quattro remiganti, la più lunga delle quali arriva all'altezza del ginocchio dell'erote. Le decorazioni sui fianchi presentano interpretazioni diverse (1) Esso, in calcare, misura m 1,92 di lunghezza e 0,95 di altezza; la cassa è alta m 0,60 e profonda m 0,685. La doppia cornice, regolare solo nel lato superiore e verso la facciata, è larga cm 8. La presenza di un più ampio margine inferiore e posteriore si spiega con la minor visibilità e con il fatto che il sarcofago era destinato a essere esposto all'a pe rto nell'area sepolcrale e quindi il terreno, con l'andar del tempo, poteva avere qualche cedimento a causa del peso. Tenendo presenti queste variazioni, si può ritenere che lo scal pe llino abbia voluto stabilire un rapporto tra lunghezza (= 1), altezza (= 1/2) e profondità (= 1/3). Il testo dell'iscrizione è edito in ClL, V, 8696. (2) Si veda ad es. V. SANTA MARIA SCRINARI, Museo ar&heologico di Aquileia.
La Venetia nell'area padano-danubiana. Le vie di comunicazione, 1990
Antichità altoadriatiche, LXV, 2008
Nel territorio dell'attuale Friuli Venezia Giulia, corrispondente agli agri di Aquileia, Iulia Co... more Nel territorio dell'attuale Friuli Venezia Giulia, corrispondente agli agri di Aquileia, Iulia Concordia, Forum Iulii e Tergeste, le fonti per la storia della lavorazione del ferro sono di varia natura. Per il periodo preromano oltre ai rinvenimenti sporadici vanno ricordati in primo luogo i ripostigli, tra cui spiccano quello di Gorizia e quello di Porpetto. Accanto ad essi si possono citare rinvenimenti isolati, specialmente di armi e attrezzi. La lavorazione del ferro sembra essere stata relativamente diffusa nel Friuli protostorico, come dimostrano i casi di Montereale Valcellina e di Castelraimondo. In quest'ultima località sono stati individuati dei bassi forni, di forma piuttosto primitiva, datati nel periodo precedente la fase della romanizzazione dell'insediamento 1 (fig. 1a). Per l'epoca romana disponiamo di fonti di carattere epigrafico, che si riconducono per il periodo tardorepubblicano o all'età augustea alla lapide in cui si menziona un probabile gladiarius 2 , all'ara ossario databile nel I secolo d.C. in cui si ricorda un faber aciarius 3 e alla famosa raffigurazione della bottega del fabbro, dalla Beligna 4. Si tratta di documenti notissimi su cui non è il caso di insistere ancora una volta. A differenza del mondo tedesco in cui le tombe dei fabbri sono un fenomeno ben noto, in Friuli se ne conosce una di epoca romana, la tomba n. 8, purtroppo non ben conservata e pertanto di difficile datazione, rinvenuta nello Spilimberghese 5. Possiamo supporre che fosse propria di un fabbro o comunque di un artigiano specializzato nella lavorazione di prodotti di un certo pregio, che adoperava strumenti
In the opinion of Aristide Calderini, Italian scholar of the twentieth century, during the period... more In the opinion of Aristide Calderini, Italian scholar of the twentieth century, during the period from Attila to the Byzantines, Aquileia lost "primacy and prosperity". The idea, extended to the whole of Italy, is shared by many Italian historians until well into the Second World War, when the studies of some German scholars became common knowledge, especially there carried out by Volker Bierbrauer, and after major exhibitions, based on archaeological investigations, have revealed a very different situation. Although in Italy the Goths could not enjoy of a political background, contrary to the Lombards that are recently seen by political trends as anti-Roman, they have become better known over time. The interest for this period and the Goths in particular has been greatly enhanced by the Anglo-Saxon scholars, always attentive to the phenomena of melting pot. In recent decades, new excavations were carried out in archaeological sites inhabited by the Goths: the site of Monte Barro near Lecco, Lombardylived about 480 to 540is particularly important and offers a standard of comparison for many classes of material. New necropolis (Dravlje in Slovenia, Globasnitz in Austria) provide some evidence to recognize the customs of the Goths and their mixing with the local population. It is now thought that the city of Aquileia remained inhabited within the ancient walls until at least the fifth century, before being cut in half by the mid-sixth century Byzantine zigzag new walls. We also know many aspects of its continuity in the 5 th , 6 th and 7 th centuries. At the time of the Goths, although not always to this population, generally are attributed certain elements of ornament; they nevertheless, according to a well-known definition of M. Kazanski, may belong to the so-called "mode danubienne". They were often found in small towns and rural villas. Much attention recently has had other phenomena. The first is the coinage and the coins circulation of the Goths, on which, nevertheless there are strong suspicions of counterfeit, with regard to some old discoveries. The second is the artificial deformation of skulls, which became evident through the systematic excavations of the necropolis in most areas of Europe: in Italy it is now documented in Collegno, Chiusi and perhaps at Padua. However, many problems remain open. One of the most evident is the chronology of some fibulae: that in Italy tends currently to diverge from the Crimea, one based on excavations of Aibabin and developed by Kazanski and others.
Relations Abroad Brooches and other elements of dress as sources for reconstructing interregional movement and group boundaries from the Punic Wars to the decline of the Western Roman Empire Proceedings of the International Conference from 27th−29th April 2011 in Innsbruck, 2013
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Congressus internationales Smyrnenses by Maurizio Buora
The aim of this online video conference is to report on the state of research concerning Bithynia during the Greek, Roman and Byzantine periods between ca. early sixth century B.C. and early 14th century A.D. We warmly welcome submissions from senior and junior scholars, including advanced graduate students and postdoctoral scholars from a variety of disciplines related to this Anatolian region. We intended to bring together researchers who can present new syntheses of archaeological data from Bithynia and enter into dialogue with scholars working on the same material subsets. Intended to bring together scholars of Greek, Roman and Byzantine archaeology to discuss a range of issues concerning Bithynia, this electronic conference is an excellent opportunity to increase our knowledge about this region. Such papers that engage the following themes and topics are invited:
- Bithynia during the Archaic, Classical, Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine periods,
- Archaeological field projects in Bithynia,
- Museum studies in Kocaeli, İznik, Bursa, Istanbul, Bolu and Düzce as well as abroad,
- Ancient Greek, Latin and Byzantine authors and other textual as well as cartographic sources on Bithynia and Bithynians,
- Bithynia during the Late Iron Age,
- Bithynia and the Achaemenid Persian Empire during the sixth and fifth centuries B.C.,
- The Hellenistic kingdom of Bithynia and its rulers,
- Pre-Roman tumuli in Bithynia and their archaeology,
- The coinage of the Kingdom of Bithynia and Roman province of Bithynia,
- The Roman province of Bithynia et Pontus (after the two legendary volumes of Chr. Marek in 1993 and 2003),
- Roman provincial administration in Bithynia,
- Historical geography and settlement patterns in pre-Hellenistic, Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine Bithynia,
- Bithynia and Propontis,
- Two Bithynian cities and their interregional relationships: Nicomedia and Nicaea (after the 2020 volume of Asia Minor Studien no. 96 on the recent studies about Nicomedia and Nicaea),
- Epigraphic and numismatic studies in Bithynia during the Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine periods,
- Geographical, cultural and ethnic borders of Bithynia,
- Relationships between Bithynia and neighbouring regions,
- Roads, routes and population in Bithynia,
- Military archaeology in Roman Bithynia,
- The province Bithynia under the tetrarchy reform of Emperor Diocletian in A.D. 296,
- Roman Bithynia and Christianity to the mid-fourth century A.D. (after the Michigan dissertation of G.J. Johnson in 1984),
- Religious conflict in Late Roman Nicomedia and the rest of Bithynia,
- The Christian martyrs of the late third-early fourth century A.D. in Bithynia,
- Forms of Christian presence in Late Roman and Early Byzantine Bithynia,
- Episcopal sees of the Late Roman Bithynia,
- Jews and Jewish heritage in Roman and Early Byzantine Bithynia,
- Bithynia’s companion for the Christianity and early eastern Orthodox Church,
- Notable personalities of Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine Bithynia (e.g., Arrian, Cassisus Dio and Helena),
- The Byzantine province of Opsikion (after the TIB volume no. 13 in 2020 on Bithynia and Hellespontus by K. Belke)
- Middle and Late Byzantine studies in Bithynia,
- Miscellanea.
On these themes and questions, all approaches and methods susceptible to bring some progress to our current knowledge were of course welcome: archaeology, ancient history, historical geography, epigraphy, numismatic, history of art, cultural anthropology etc. The symposium took place virtually on Zoom. All the readings and discussions in our e-conference were in English, and recorded for later viewing on YouTube. The proceedings of the symposium will be published in 2025. The symposium was free of charge.
Records of the e-conference in YouTube
All videos:
https://www.youtube.com/@ergunlafli9033/videos
Bithynia e-symposium held on May 10, 2023, part 1:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KMn4GyJozA4
Bithynia e-symposium held on May 10, 2023, part 2:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dR7zlivGWFg&t=4167s
Bithynia e-symposium held on May 10, 2023, part 3:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5JzxxVFGdus
Bithynia e-symposium held on May 10, 2023, part 4:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dPLBMrf1HiM
Bithynia e-symposium held on May 10, 2023, part 5:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uaWsJI7DUZ4
Bithynia e-symposium held on May 10, 2023, part 6:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3-tPAeIUdpA
Bithynia e-symposium held on May 10, 2023, part 7:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dGcW_ZMOwF8
Bithynia e-symposium held on May 10, 2023, part 8:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2I3Szjukus&t=480s
Bithynia e-symposium held on May 10, 2023, lecture by Sean Silvia:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mm1kr1iZPtY
The aim of this online video conference is to report on the state of research concerning Bithynia during the Greek, Roman and Byzantine periods between ca. early sixth century B.C. and early 14th century A.D. We warmly welcome submissions from senior and junior scholars, including advanced graduate students and postdoctoral scholars from a variety of disciplines related to this Anatolian region. We intended to bring together researchers who can present new syntheses of archaeological data from Bithynia and enter into dialogue with scholars working on the same material subsets. Intended to bring together scholars of Greek, Roman and Byzantine archaeology to discuss a range of issues concerning Bithynia, this electronic conference is an excellent opportunity to increase our knowledge about this region. Such papers that engage the following themes and topics are invited:
- Bithynia during the Archaic, Classical, Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine periods,
- Archaeological field projects in Bithynia,
- Museum studies in Kocaeli, İznik, Bursa, Istanbul, Bolu and Düzce as well as abroad,
- Ancient Greek, Latin and Byzantine authors and other textual as well as cartographic sources on Bithynia and Bithynians,
- Bithynia during the Late Iron Age,
- Bithynia and the Achaemenid Persian Empire during the sixth and fifth centuries B.C.,
- The Hellenistic kingdom of Bithynia and its rulers,
- Pre-Roman tumuli in Bithynia and their archaeology,
- The coinage of the Kingdom of Bithynia and Roman province of Bithynia,
- The Roman province of Bithynia et Pontus (after the two legendary volumes of Chr. Marek in 1993 and 2003),
- Roman provincial administration in Bithynia,
- Historical geography and settlement patterns in pre-Hellenistic, Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine Bithynia,
- Bithynia and Propontis,
- Two Bithynian cities and their interregional relationships: Nicomedia and Nicaea (after the 2020 volume of Asia Minor Studien no. 96 on the recent studies about Nicomedia and Nicaea),
- Epigraphic and numismatic studies in Bithynia during the Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine periods,
- Geographical, cultural and ethnic borders of Bithynia,
- Relationships between Bithynia and neighbouring regions,
- Roads, routes and population in Bithynia,
- Military archaeology in Roman Bithynia,
- The province Bithynia under the tetrarchy reform of Emperor Diocletian in A.D. 296,
- Roman Bithynia and Christianity to the mid-fourth century A.D. (after the Michigan dissertation of G.J. Johnson in 1984),
- Religious conflict in Late Roman Nicomedia and the rest of Bithynia,
- The Christian martyrs of the late third-early fourth century A.D. in Bithynia,
- Forms of Christian presence in Late Roman and Early Byzantine Bithynia,
- Episcopal sees of the Late Roman Bithynia,
- Jews and Jewish heritage in Roman and Early Byzantine Bithynia,
- Bithynia’s companion for the Christianity and early eastern Orthodox Church,
- Notable personalities of Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine Bithynia (e.g., Arrian, Cassisus Dio and Helena),
- The Byzantine province of Opsikion (after the TIB volume no. 13 in 2020 on Bithynia and Hellespontus by K. Belke)
- Middle and Late Byzantine studies in Bithynia,
- Miscellanea.
On these themes and questions, all approaches and methods susceptible to bring some progress to our current knowledge were of course welcome: archaeology, ancient history, historical geography, epigraphy, numismatic, history of art, cultural anthropology etc. The symposium took place virtually on Zoom. All the readings and discussions in our e-conference were in English, and recorded for later viewing on YouTube. The proceedings of the symposium will be published in 2025. The symposium was free of charge.
Records of the e-conference in YouTube
All videos:
https://www.youtube.com/@ergunlafli9033/videos
Bithynia e-symposium held on May 10, 2023, part 1:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KMn4GyJozA4
Bithynia e-symposium held on May 10, 2023, part 2:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dR7zlivGWFg&t=4167s
Bithynia e-symposium held on May 10, 2023, part 3:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5JzxxVFGdus
Bithynia e-symposium held on May 10, 2023, part 4:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dPLBMrf1HiM
Bithynia e-symposium held on May 10, 2023, part 5:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uaWsJI7DUZ4
Bithynia e-symposium held on May 10, 2023, part 6:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3-tPAeIUdpA
Bithynia e-symposium held on May 10, 2023, part 7:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dGcW_ZMOwF8
Bithynia e-symposium held on May 10, 2023, part 8:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2I3Szjukus&t=480s
Bithynia e-symposium held on May 10, 2023, lecture by Sean Silvia:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mm1kr1iZPtY
ITALIA SETTENTRIONALE
E REGIONI DELL'ARCO ALPINO TRA V E VI SECOLO
Aquileia/Udine, 15-17 aprile 2021
Incontro di studio organizzato dalla Società Friulana di Archeologia e dal Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici e del Patrimonio Culturale dell’Università di Udine.
the tomb of the Canziani saints
Among the inscriptions in the mosaic of the second phase of San Canzian d’Isonzo is that of the tonsor
Vigilantius. We have no information to say whether this character, certainly well connected to the group
of those who venerated the memory of the Canziani saints, was also used by them to regulate the tonsure
or beard.
It seems clear that the monasterium, to which the medieval documentation refers, was built around
the middle of the sixth century, i.e. at the time in which the mosaic was created, by will of the deacon
Honorius. In this way it would be part of that vast activity of a fortification, urban planning and embellishment
of sacred buildings promoted by the Byzantines in Aquileia and Grado after the conclusion of
the Gothic wars and before the arrival of the Lombards.
The location of the tomb in which the remains of the saints were recognized is decentralized and not
adequately indicated either in the floor or by a specific architectural structure. It therefore seems probable
that it was placed here at a later time.
A large number of figurines, both intact and fragments, coming from the excavations at Antioch-on-the-Orontes and Tarsus were published in the volumes dedicated to the archaeological investigations on these sites (e.g. Goldman 1943) and were then published as a whole (Goldman 1950). At the same years terracottas in large numbers were published from Cyprus, such as e.g. from Kourion (Young, Young 1955). Since these publications, the coroplastic production of Tarsus is well known and the recent Italian investigations in Elaiussa Sebaste in eastern Rough Cilicia have confirmed the great abundance of models and the commercialization capacity of the Tarsian workshops during the Hellenistic and Roman periods. In addition to the mixture of oriental themes, personalities and features typical of Tarsian coroplastic production are some characteristic iconographic motifs and certain compositional or typological details, including the high base.
The limited choice of about fifty figurines presented in this paper are collected from the Turkish local museums in ancient Cilicia, from west to east, Alanya, Anamur, Silifke, Mersin, Tarsus, Adana and Osmaniye, and consists of some formerly published examples as well as some unpublished specimens (pl. 1). More than half come from the Museum of Tarsus and a fifth of the total are curated at the Archaeological Museum of Mersin. The choice ranges from the seventh century BC to the late third century AD. Initially the Cypriot influences are clearly visible, which is even not lacking in the Hellenistic and Roman periods.
Some Cypriot figurines certainly originated from Cyprus from the fifth century BC, in limestone or plaster, are votive objects and present in the Archaeological Museum of Adana. It seems strange that only a few of such examples have been discovered in archaeological contexts in Cilicia.
Some female figurines, often bearing offerings, or male figurines, exclusively representing warriors, on horseback or standing, have been found in the necropolis sites, especially at Nagidus in western Rough Cilicia. Pre-Hellenistic coroplastic finds from Rough Cilicia were studied in a doctoral dissertation at the Akdeniz University in Antalya. Recently Tarsian figurines kept in the Musée du Louvre and collected by Victor Langlois in the 1850s were studied by Isabelle Hasselin Rous.
Keywords: Tarsus, Antioch-on-the-Orontes, Cilicia, Turkey, Cyprus, Hellenistic period, Roman period, Archaic period, Classical period.
Hermes, the Greek messenger god, with his Roman equivalent, Mercure, is identified by his short cloak and the remains of a herald’s staff that is visible along his left upper arm. Statues like this one, based on Classical Greek prototypes, served as attractive decorative objects in Roman villas as well as in Roman shops while also creating an atmosphere of cultural refinement. Hermes—messenger of the gods, the cattle rustler, the inventor of the lyre, the guider of souls across the River Styx, the manly god of boundaries—stands gracefully here rather than moving purposefully. He likely originally held his kerykeion (herald's staff) in his left hand. A pair of wings are strapped to his feet, and the small rectangular cuttings at the top of his head once held wings that sprang from his laurel-crown.
The lack of interest in the specific delineation of the anatomy and the listless elegance of the pose attest to the decorative quality of this highly refined bronze. In Asia Minor more than 20 type of Hermes bronzes are known. The most common one is the nude god but for a chlamys draped around neck and left arm, wings emerging from his wavy locks, with articulated eyes, holding money bag in right hand, wearing wings on his ankles, in which his association with merchants are expressed. Most of Hermes figurines are sophisticated works, executed in a mannered, classicizing style that sets the god apart from the mundane world of the statuette's human owner and invites contemplation of the divine. Such bronze copies or adaptations of Greek statues of the late fifth or fourth century B.C. (especially the Greek original by Lysippus) are very popular in Roman Asia Minor in the second and third centuries A.D. In this paper focus will be given to these bronze figurines in entire Asia Minor with the following questions:
1- Their production,
2- Distribution,
3- Modelling and rendering,
4- Function,
5- Context,
6- Chronology.
Our work material will mostly be Turkish local museums, as only a few of these Hermes figurines are excavated in archaeological contexts in Turkey.
Main references
E. Laflı/M. Feugère, Statues et statuettes en bronze de Cilicie avec deux annexes sur une main dolichénnienne de Commagène et les figurines en bronze du Musée de Hatay. British Archaeological Reports, International Series 1584 (Oxford 2006).
E. Laflı (ed.), Greek, Roman, and Byzantine bronzes from Anatolia and neighbouring regions, BAR International Series 3038 (Oxford: BAR Publishing, 2021).
In this paper we report on the Roman lead sealings discovered in western Turkey. So far there are very few publications on the lead seals of the Roman period found in Turkey where lead sealings were introduced during the Roman age and used to seal the contents of a parcel or package securely. They have generally been impressed with an intaglio, a design pressed or engraved into the material.
Prior to the invention of lead sealings, only wax or clay was used, but this material was fragile and could be broken easily. The Romans would use clay seals for sealing personal documents such as letters. These seals were made of small pieces of clay, moulded around a string and stamped with an impression. This kind of seal is called a “bulla”.
During the Roman period Signet rings were also used to make sealings in western Anatolia. The ring could either have a design etched or stamped directly onto it, called an intaglio, or carved in relief onto a semi-precious stone, called as cameo. The ring would then be used to stamp the impression.
This type of ring was used as a confirmation of identity and often pressed into wax on a document to literally make the wearer’s mark. Roman Emperors and other important figures would have worn and used these. Signet rings were instantly recognisable as symbols of power or importance.
Some lead seals were also attached to packed bales, not individual cloths, by the packing companies themselves.
Weblink for the virtual lectures:
https://meet.google.com/kxn-vyht-sdt
Keywords: lead sealings, museum studies, use, function, chronology, Asia, Izmir, western Turkey, Roman period.
Reference
M.C.W. Still, Roman lead sealings, vol. 1, doctoral thesis to the University College of London (London 1995) <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1317870/1/294756_Vol_1.pdf>.
In our paper we report on the results of some observations within the territories of the ancient region of Lydia and the Upper Cayster Valley: on the archaeological materials found, but not published, in the Turkish provinces of Manisa and Uşak, and in the towns of Bayındır, Tire, Ödemiş and Kiraz in the Upper Cayster Valley in southeastern part of the province of Izmir. Especially in the area of the eastern Upper Cayster Valley and around the towns southeast of Izmir, that is, from east to west, Bayındır, Tire, Ödemiş, Kiraz and Beydağ, there are numerous archaeological sites and a strong heritage especially of the Late Roman and Early Byzantine periods. In this area the period between the mid-sixth and early seventh centuries AD is the most representative period considering the archaeological material both on the surface of each sites and in the local museums.
1. Roman and Early Byzantine stone quarries
near Bayındır in the Upper Cayster Valley
In November 2019, illegal excavations and the resulting destruction were carried out using explosive materials on the Mermertepe (literally “Marble Hill”), located ca. 1 km west of Paşayeri, 5 km southwest of Buruncuk, 20 km southeast of Bayındır on the border of Tire and 100 km southeast of Izmir, registered on the 1 block, 54 plot of the land registry’s map. The area is a hilly and uneven land, and it is approximately 1.210 m southwest from the Izmir-Ödemiş Highway. In the area, which is still used as a quarry, marble cutting and carving processes were carried out during the Roman period, especially in the second and third centuries A.D. This situation is clearly evident from the traces of ancient chisel and stone cutting tools found throughout the whole area of Mermertepe. Semi-worked marble architectural elements were encountered in the area as well. The most prominent and significant find in this area is the lower part of a human figure with a height of 20 cm and a width of 7 cm. Formerly there were two more male portraits on the upper right side of this figure; however, this multifigured part of the quarry, together with the upper part of the figure I have documented, were heavily damaged and destroyed. Obviously these two male portraits belong to young men approaching maturity who are beardless and have short hair or are even bareheaded. The damaged figure on the left is incised only lightly on the surface and only some body parts were displayed in outline. He is standing to the left with both arms outstretched in an unknown gesture. There is an incised elongated object, perhaps a masonry tool, on top of his right arm identification of which would depend upon the context of the composition of which it was a part. The reliefs are unusual for a number of reasons: these faces have not sufficiently distinctive characteristics to be considered portraits; thus, they depict figure types rather than portraits. This figure and the two portraits presumably belong to the Roman period, to stonemasons, workers or employers working in the marble quarry at that time; no comparable example is known to the author from Asia Minor.
Just 100 m opposite Mermertepe there is a further stone quarry site on Karatepe (literally “Black Hill”), perhaps used rather in the Late Antique-Early Byzantine period. This is also a rugged hill site, called Bukolion in the Byzantine period, the modern Ali Paşa Çiftlik bordering on the town of Tire and registered on the parcel 316 of the land registry’s map. On the southern slopes of Karatepe, where a modern farm construction is located, quite a lot of terracotta roof tile and brick fragments and pottery sherds were observed in early 2022. The area in question must have been a farm house between the fourth and sixth centuries A.D. As is clearly evident from the traces of stone cutting on the rocks found throughout the area, stone cutting and carving processes were carried out in Karatepe as in nearby Mermertepe.
These quarries were perhaps used by the inhabitants of some urban centres, Hypaepa and Dios Hieron, in east of ancient Thyaira (modern Tire) where the Caystrian Plain began.
2. Architectural plastic elements and their spolia
in Byzantine, Late Medieval and Ottoman Lydia
In Lydia existing architectural stone elements of the Roman period are mainly related to tomb or temple architecture. The raw material for most of the marble elements used at Roman sites in Lydia was mined locally or in Phrygia. At the beginning of the Byzantine period, the use of architectural elements in marble became a major element of ecclesiastical architecture in the region, where the use of earlier architectural, sculptural and other remains as spolia, i.e. construction material in secondary-use contexts for later buildings and graves, is very common. Especially, the number of Byzantine marble ecclestiastical architectural elements and their re-use in later Ottoman buildings are very common in Lydia, even though Byzantine architectural plastic monuments are not studied in depth, and studies on the relationship of artistic developments to historical events of the Byzantine period are lacking in Lydia. But in any case there must had been at least one local workshop for architectural plastic in Lydia during the Byzantine period, given the wide range of production and carving quality of local finds, from quite mediocre to highly skilled. We should also add that the artistic quality of the monuments in this chapter is generally at the lower end.
Also the marble used for these elements is mostly of Phrygian or Lydian origin. Each Byzantine architectural plastic element that we were able to document in Lydia, presents a different variant of traditional elements, a unique combination of both geometric and floral decoration and the individual stylistic expression of the sculptor. There are no extant examples of a particular decoration being replicated exactly on a second monument. The uniqueness of each monument suggests that the decoration, even though it appears repetitive and adheres to a set of general norms, was an element of consideration by both the sculptor and the patron, in most cases local churches. Also most of these elements have not been found in datable archaeological contexts; therefore their dates are not secure and their chronology remains a difficult issue. We have tried to date each piece, when the condition and quality warrant, to a general stylistic milieu. The dates assigned here are conservative and should be considered as rough approximations.
Although the original purpose of these ecclestiastical plastic elements was to decorate churches and monastaries, one can only presume, if a need arose for precut stone in later Turkish-Islamic periods, that they were seen as having fulfilled their original function and would then be re-used. But the features of re-using an earlier Byzantine-Christian element in a Turkish-Islamic monument have not yet been studied in Lydia.
Keywords: Phrygian marble, Lydian marble, local marble sources, Lydia, Upper Cayster Valley, Manisa, Izmir, western Turkey.
This seminar was held virtually on Zoom.
Please contact zrinka.mileusnic@fhs.upr.si with any queries.
The Seminar convenes on Thursdays 4:00-5:30 PM CET (Slovenia time) via Zoom.
In this brief article we present a collection of bronze and lead weights of the Roman and Early Byzantine period which are curated in a local museum in southeastern Turkey.
Keywords: weights, instrumenta inscripta, southeastern Turkey, northwestern Syria, Roman period, Early Byzantine period, Roman epigraphy, Byzantine epigraphy.
Early Byzantine bronze stamps from southeastern Turkey
In this brief article we present a collection of 11 bronze bread stamps of the Early Byzantine period which are curated in a local museum in southeastern Turkey.
Keywords: bread stamps, instrumenta inscripta, southeastern Turkey, northwestern Syria, Early Byzantine period, Byzantine epigraphy.
This seminar was held virtually on Teams. Please contact hod-classics@reading.ac.uk with any queries.
The Seminar convenes on Wednesdays 4:00-5:30 PM CET (British time) via Team.
Link:
https://teams.microsoft.com/l/meetup-join/19%3ameeting_YzEyN2FlYWEtMDhiOC00MWZlLWI1ZDctOGI2YjJkOWQ3NjFk%40thread.v2/0?context=%7b%22Tid%22%3a%224ffa3bc4-ecfc-48c0-9080-f5e43ff90e5f%22%2c%22Oid%22%3a%22ab142154-1453-4d9e-93ec-c6a8991e6c42%22%7d
In the 13th century the old Roman state was in a constant state of war due to the numerous enemies on its borders; Muslims to the South and East, Slavs to the North and Franks to the West. The Byzantine Empire had to face Normans, Pechenegs and Turks within a few decades of each other at a time when the army was torn in by civil conflict. In time, the Crusaders would establish their own fiefs in the Holy Land, ruling with interests coinciding, but more often in conflict with, the Byzantine Empire, ultimately leading to a weakening of both the Crusader states and the Byzantine Empire. Matters were made worse for the Byzantine Empire due to the Latin presence in the Peloponnese and the rising power of the Bulgarians who continued to press hard against the borders of Byzantium. In time, the Byzantines would be forced to call on the aid of the Ottomans to head to the European mainland and fight the Bulgarians, giving the Ottoman Turks a firm grip on Europe. The close proximity of Osman's Beylik ensured that confrontation between the Byzantines and the Ottomans would be inevitable. The Byzantines were a match for the Ottomans but events west of Constantinople coupled with civil war and incompetent leadership in the Byzantine-Ottoman Wars led to the fall of Constantinople in 1453.
In this paper we will concentrate on the archaeological results of field work carried out in western Turkey (in the eastern Aegean) between 1980 and 2020 in the regards ofcovering the 13th to 15th centuries, with the main focus on Crusaders and Western rulers. We will also focus on the Western rulers on the Greek island of Chios.
This seminar was held virtually on Zoom. Please contact crostini.barbara@gmail.com with any queries.
The Seminar convenes on Wednesdays 4:00-5:30 PM CET (Swedish time) via Zoom. See detailed programme at https://newman.se/late-ancient-and-byzantine-cultures
Permanent link:
https://us02web.zoom.us/j/89171490250?pwd=Q3Q4RHR1ckFrZDZYckxVVCt2ZDRpZz09
Meeting ID: 891 7149 0250
Passcode: 609731
This brief article will be displayed in Academia beginning from January 1, 2025, as it can be filed on freely accessible online archives no earlier than one year after the release of its journal. Please e-mail me for obtaining this brief article before 2025: elafli@yahoo.ca
A fine portrait on a convex garnet ringstone in a museum in north-eastern Turkey depicts a satyr in profile with a full elegantly-coiffed head of wavy locks. He has a large articulated eye and a prominant aquiline nose. Satyr portraits were a popular subject on Greek and Roman gems. This formerly less-known piece from a grave excavated in Turkey is one of the most beautifully engraved portraits of the period in entire Black Sea region. We compare our Amasean gem to several Graeco-Roman portraits both on engraved gems and other media.
KEYWORDS: Ringstone, garnet, intaglio, satyr portraits, north-eastern Turkey, early first century AD, Graeco-Roman glyptics.
Hellenistic and Roman engraved gems from Asia Minor
In Turkey most of the known gemological examples are the finds of the earlier Iron Age civilizations such as Neo-Assyrian, Urartian, Phrygian, Lydian or Persian-Achamenid glyptic specimens, and our knowledge on the Hellenistic and Roman examples and their production in Asia Minor is generally poor. So far main publications on the Hellenistic and Roman engraved gems from Turkey are the famous catalogue of the Yücel Erimtan Collection in Ankara, finds from US American excavations in Gordion, finds from the Belgian excavations in Pessinus and the catalogue of the Museum of Izmir in western Turkey.
This brief article will be displayed in Academia beginning from January 1, 2024, as it can be filed on freely accessible online archives no earlier than one year after the release of its journal. Please e-mail me for obtaining this brief article before 2024: elafli@yahoo.ca
This brief paper presents a tree trunk coffin from a local museum in southern Turkey. As wooden sarcophagi of the Roman period are rarely known in scholarly literature, this previously unknown example is of importance for the current research.
Keywords: Wooden sarcophagus, tree trunk, coffins, Roman period, Late Roman period, Asia Minor.
In Roman Asia Minor milestones (miliaria) may be regarded as records of the building of roads. They were made from marble, volcanic stones or whatever local stone, and were widely used by military road builders in Asia Minor. For Roman Anatolia they were an important part of any road network. Many Roman milestones only record the name of the reigning emperor without giving any placenames or distances. A specific feature for Roman Anatolia was that bilingual milestones in Latin and Greek were remarkably numerous.
Several stones, including architectural elements or funerary inscriptions, were used secondarily as milestones in Roman Asia Minor. Reuse of milestones has a long history, from antiquity to recent times: some of such milestones were being reused later as building material or chopped up as fill. Information concerning original provenance of numerous milestones is lacking because most of them were reused as building material, such as an impost block, a door-pivot support, threshold or corner slab. The fact that some were reused several times explains their frequently deplorable state of preservation. Surface of such milestones looks, for example, as if it has been finished flat in their secondary use or face of stones has been chiseled away in their later reuse. Earlier plain columnar monuments such as columellae and kioniskoi were frequently reused as milestones. Stones reused as a milestone with a new inscription are especially numerous in the third century AD in entire Asia Minor. In this paper I will focus on some examples of secondary use of Roman milestones in Turkey.
Thematically papers were divided into 11 sessions, dealing with different aspects of Greek, Roman and Byzantine fibulae (cf. the program in the abstract booklet). Revised papers will be published in a peer-reviewed proceedings volume.
A fibula is a brooch or pin for fastening garments, typically at the right shoulder. The fibulae developed in a variety of shapes and are usually divided into families that are based upon historical periods, geography, and/or cultures. They are also divided into classes that are based upon their general forms. Fibulae were found in relatively large quantities in the Mediterranean and Black Sea area, where they were in use and produced frequently between the Bronze Age and Medieval periods. So far the study of these multifunctional objects has been overlooked in the Mediterranean whereas there is still a huge amount of unpublished material from excavations and museums in an area from Portugal down to Egypt.
Fibulae can be categorized based on different criteria, including genres of material, production, use and distribution. The purpose of this video conference was to create an analytical framework for understanding the fibulae in their social and material contexts. This conference considered in depth the role played by fibulas – whose uses ranged from clothes pins to status symbols to military badges of rank – in ancient Greek, Roman and Byzantine societies. In recent decades, major excavation projects have produced vast quantities of material data that have reshaped our understanding of the fibulae, while also raising new questions about their use and production over the long term. We focused on a study of brooches in general and fibulas in particular. Along the way we looked at the intersection between material culture and ethnicity, dealing with the contentious issue of how much that a people’s material culture can tell us about their ethnicity – or not! In this online conference we only focused on Greek, Roman and Byzantine fibulae from the Mediterranean and Black Sea area between c. early sixth century B.C. and early seventh century A.D., and attempted to set out a comprehensive model for the study of fibulae, including their definition, typology, chronology, contexts, function, regional characteristics and distribution patterns in the whole Mediterranean and Black Sea geographies.
This conference on ancient material culture and instrumenta is dedicated to the 75th birthday of Dr Maurizio Buora, the former director of the Civici Musei Castello di Udine in Italy and an international authority on fibulae.
Such papers that engage the following themes and topics are invited:
- Fibulae from archaeological field projects (especially well-dated finds), museums and private collections,
- Identification of different kinds of fibulas,
- Ancient Greek and Latin textual sources on fibulae,
- Evolution of fibulae in the Mediterranean and Black Sea area during the Etruscan, Lydian, Archaic, Classical, Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine periods,
- The construction of fibula taxonomies,
- Similar instrumenta in the ancient Near East and their relations to ancient Graeco-Roman fibulae, - The nature of different types of surviving material culture,
- What ancient Greeks and Romans thought about afterlife? Fibulae in funerary and votive contexts,
- Comparative studies and issues related to the adoption of Greek and/or Roman fibula models in indigenous contexts: fibulae as major indicators of the relationship between these two communities (indigenous and Greek or Roman),
- Fibula as an indicator of rank and prestige in the ancient world,
- Domestic and commercial use of fibulae,
- Early Christian fibulae,
- Byzantine fibulae,
- Post-Byzantine or modern replicas of Classical fibulae,
- Eastern fibulae in the ancient western world,
- Major production centres of fibulae in the eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea area,
- Related instrumenta to fibulae in the regards of their function,
- Documentation and analysis of fibulae,
- The creation of a fully annotated and organized corpus,
- Publication of fibulae in the Mediterranean in possible corpara,
- Miscellanea.
This brief article will be displayed in Academia beginning from January 1, 2023, as it can be filed on freely accessible online archives no earlier than one year after the release of its book. Please e-mail me for obtaining this brief article before 2022: elafli@yahoo.ca
In this brief paper five fibulae are presented which are currently curated in southwestern Turkey. The aim of this article is to refer to the cultural interaction between Lycia and Phrygia during the Iron Age in general, as it was already indicated by some Classical authors.
Abstract: In this brief paper we will focus on six dams of the Roman period in Asia Minor, respectively Seleucia Pieria and Ancyra, which are presented here in some outlines. The aim of this article is to introduce these ancient engineering monuments all together.
Keywords: Dams, Asia Minor, Turkey, Aqua Sarvenae, Seleucia Pieria, Ancyra, Roman engineering, Roman architecture, Roman archaeology in the East.
Here were the Zoom links:
ID: 91321997810 - PW: 366284
Link:
https://zoom.us/j/91321997810?pwd=djAwaTFlRmtLeXNycFRXemNZZlBLZz09
Current problems and the future of Graeco-Roman epigraphy in Turkey (Ergün Laflı)
Asia Minor is one of the richest sources of the epigraphy of the Mediterranean area of the period between the fifth century BC and the fifth century AD. Since the nineteenth century, Greek, Roman and Byzantine inscriptions have been the subject of numerous and varied historical and archaeological studies. In particular, the period between the second and third centuries AD is the most fruitful era for Greek and Roman epigraphic texts in Anatolia. Despite the wide publication of epigraphical finds, there are important issues which must be engaged with. Among others:
1- The situation with Latin epigraphy in Asia Minor is quite problematic, as there are so few studies on these particular inscriptions in the Roman East. The best-studied Latin inscriptions in Turkey are the Roman milestones which were the focus of David H. French, who produced highly-regarded books and some still-valid articles. Very few studies compare Latin inscriptions from Asia Minor with those from other parts of the Roman Empire.
2- Even though there are numerous inscriptions from some excavation sites on the western coast of the Anatolian peninsula (such as Ephesus, Pergamum and Smyrna) and on the southern coast (such as Perge and Side), many of them have not been widely published.
3- After the fashion of “IGSK” (=Inschriften griechischer Städte aus Kleinasien), it is necessary to produce Greek, Roman and Byzantine epigraphic catalogues for each Turkish museum, prefarably in the English language and with translations of each inscriptions into Turkish. This is owing to the fact that there is a large number of local museums Turkey, many of them holding an abundance of ancient inscriptions.
4- The epigraphic situation in the eastern, southeastern and northern parts of Turkey is unfavorable compared to that in the western and southern parts of the country. The number of finds is enormous, but these inscriptions are generally not considered as important as Aramaic and other contemporary inscriptions. They should be published site-by-site and museum-by-museum, as in the western and southern parts of Anatolia.
5- A neglected field in the classical studies of Anatolia is Byzantine epigraphy, even though there is abundant material from almost all parts of Asia Minor. Most of the material is still unknown, and it remains unpublished. Moreover, there are no general epigraphic guidelines for the publication of the Byzantine inscriptions of Turkey.
6- How can Turkish epigraphy can engage with the possibilities of digital publication? It is clear that the future of epigraphy lies in online publication. Eventually, digital publication will widen access to epigraphical texts and make it easier to update corpora. So what might the future look like for digital corpora of Anatolian inscriptions, and how can such an endeavour be supported? The online MAMA IX (http://mama.csad.ox.ac.uk/project/website.html) and Electronic Aphrodisias (http://insaph.kcl.ac.uk/) projects are exemplary, but how can they be imitated and improved upon?
This article will be displayed in Academia beginning from January 1, 2023, as it can be filed on freely accessible online archives no earlier than three years after the release of its journal. Please e-mail me for obtaining this brief article before 2023: elafli@yahoo.ca
This paper presents the results of the analysis of 30 clay coffins of the Roman period, most of which originate from central and eastern Cilicia on the southeastern coast of Turkey. Four local museums in Cilicia, from west to east, Anamur, Mersin, Tarsus, Adana, have enabled us to consider the rich assemblages of terracotta sarcophagi and to approach their study with more confidence.
The paper is divided into several parts: after a short review of the use of terracotta sarcophagi in various parts of the ancient Near East (from Egypt to Anatolia) and the history of research about them, a survey of terracotta sarcophagi in Turkey is provided, followed by a typology of clay coffins in central and eastern Cilicia, their chronology and an accompanying catalogue in which each coffin is presented individually. It also offers a list of all the formerly published Roman terracotta sarcophagi from Anatolia as well as lists of some pieces in Turkish museums.
The sarcophagi offer new evidence in different forms: generally it seems that burials in clay coffins were popular in central and eastern Cilicia especially in the second and third centuries AD. Their main findspot was the area stretching from Elaiussa Sebaste in the west to the Plain of Adana in the east, with a clear concentration in Tarsus, i.e. the Roman metropolis of the Province of Cilicia. At least some of these finds must have been produced in Cilicia locally.
At the end of the paper a wooden coffin of the Roman period is presented in an appendix.
This paper is not only focused on the Roman sarcophagi from Cilicia, but also draws out its implications for others working elsewhere in the eastern Mediterranean. Unfortunately, despite the extensive research and the large sample identified, the chronological data are not exhaustive and little can be said about the production and marketing of these objects.
Keywords: Terracotta sarcophagus, coffins, Roman period, Tarsus, Mersin, Adana, Cilicia, southern Turkey, Cyprus, Israel, eastern Mediterranean, wooden sarcophagus, Anamur.
The full form of this article will be displayed in Academia beginning from January 1, 2023, as it can be filed on freely accessible online archives no earlier than one year after the release of its journal. Please e-mail me for obtaining this brief article before 2023: elafli@yahoo.ca
In this short paper five formerly unpublished rayed lamps from southeastern Turkey are being presented which belong to a well-known type dated to the end of the sixth century A.D. and widespread especially in the eighth century A.D. While waiting for the many further lamps that are likely to be found in numerous museums to be published, this contribution helps to understand the variety of the several lamps and their area of diffusion, which stretch from northern Mesopotamia down to Palestine, including southeastern Turkey, Syria, Lebanon and Israel.
Key words: Terracotta oil lamps, rayed lamps, southeastern Turkey, northern Mesopotamia, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Near East, Byzantine period, early Islamic period, lychnological studies, pottery studies.
The full form of this article will be displayed in Academia beginning from January 1, 2023, as it can be filed on freely accessible online archives no earlier than one year after the release of its book. Please e-mail me for obtaining this brief article before 2023: elafli@yahoo.ca
In this contribution six funerary steles of the Roman period, stored in southern Turkey, will be presented. The steles cat. nos. 1-3c are from Antioch-on-the-Orontes, no. 4 from Zeugma and nos. 5-6 should either be from Lycaonia or from Pisidia. These steles are dated between the first century and the end of the third century A.D. They are treated here for the first time both art historically and epigraphically.
Keywords: Funerary steles, Antioch-on-the-Orontes, Zeugma, Lycaonia, Pisidia, southern Anatolia, Turkey, Roman period, archaeology, epigraphy.
In this paper we focus on the Western rulers on the Greek island of Chios during the Late Medieval period.
Few attestations from historical and archaeological sources
document the contacts between Roman Bithynia, in particular
Nicomedia, and northern Adriatic, especially through Aquileia.
When Bithynia entered the sphere of Roman influence, a great
number of people from northern Italy settled in Bithynia, for
example the two Calii brothers, commemorated in an (Aquileian?) inscription of the late republican age. The knowledge
of the relations between the northern Adriatic coast and the
city of Nicomedia is obviously connected to the randomness of
the epigraphic, numismatic, historical, prosopographic and archaeological evidence.
The full form of this article will be displayed in Academia beginning from January 1, 2023, as it can be filed on freely accessible online archives no earlier than one year after the release of its journal. Please e-mail me for obtaining this brief article before 2023: elafli@yahoo.ca
We publish here a lead weight from a museum im southeastern Turkey bearing on the upper face the image of Zeus Ouranios, the date of manufacture (according to the Seleucid era and corresponding to the year 114-113 BC) and the name of the agoranomos, Apollodoros. Its weight (62 gr) corresponds to one eighth of the so-called “light” mina of the Levant (about 500 gr). Of considerable interest is the reproduction of the image of Zeus which also appears on Seleucid tetradrachms and, in particular, those minted by Antiochus VIII Grypus, who reigned from 125 to 96 BC.
Keywords: lead weight, agoranomos, Apollodoros, mina, Zeus depiction, Seleucid Kingdom, southeastern Turkey.
the Museum of Fethiye in south-western Turkey. The aim of this article is to refer to the cultural interaction between Lycia and Phrygia during the Iron Age in general, as it was already indicated by some Classical authors.
This article will be displayed in Academia beginning from January 1, 2025, as it can be filed on freely accessible online archives no earlier than one year after the release of its proceedings. Please e-mail me for obtaining this brief article before 2025: elafli@yahoo.ca
This paper presents the results of the preliminary analysis of ceramic traditions in Cilicia (southern Turkey) from the Geometric to the Byzantine periods, i.e. a long time span stretching from the eighth century B.C. to the tenth–11th century A.D. The present paper is divided into several chronological and typological groups of ceramics from Cilicia, such as pottery traditions from the Geometric to the Orientalizing period, Eastern Greek pottery, Red-figure pottery, Black gloss pottery, Late Classical pottery in Cilicia, Hellenistic pottery in Cilicia: the Hadra vases, rhyta, askoi, gutti, other forms of the Hellenistic period in Cilicia, lagynoi, jugs with single handle, an Hellenistic brazier in the Archaeological Museum of Hatay, Megarian bowls, ceramics of the Roman period in Cilicia, the glazed pottery from Tarsus, Eastern sigillata, the locally produced and imported fineware in the Early and Middle Roman periods, Byzantine containers from burials: the Eşeköreni group, pitchers, Type I, Type II, Type III, other types of the Eşeköreni group, the decoration, the Arab conquest, pottery from the eighth–tenth century A.D., Buff ware, Brittle ware and pottery from the age of the Crusades.
Keywords: Ceramic, pottery, Geometric period, Archaic period, Classical period, Hellenistic period, Roman period, Late Antique period, Byzantine period, the Age of the Crusades, Cilicia, southern Turkey, eastern Mediterranean.
To quote this article: E. Laflı/M. Buora, A preliminary report on the Greek, Roman, Byzantine and Medieval pottery traditions in Cilicia (southern Turkey), in: E. Kotsou (ed.), Ι΄ Διεθνής Επιστημονική Συνάντηση για την Ελληνιστική Κεραμική, Θεσσαλονίκη , 10-14 Μαρτίου 2020 / 10th international scientific meeting on Hellenistic pottery, Thessaloniki, 10-14 March 2020, Πρακτικά / Proceedings, Υπουργείο Πολιτισμού και Αθλητισμού / Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Sports; Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης / Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Athens: Οργανισμός Διαχείρισης και Ανάπτυξης Πολιτιστικών Πόρων Διεύθυνση Εκδόσεων και Ψηφιακών Εφαρμογών, 2023) 719-760.
ISΒN 978-960-386-571-1.
The full form of this article will be displayed in Academia beginning from January 1, 2023, as it can be filed on freely accessible online archives no earlier than one year after the release of its book. Please e-mail me for obtaining this brief article before 2023: elafli@yahoo.ca
This brief paper examines alabaster containers of the Late Classical and Hellenistic periods which were found in Cilicia and elsewhere in Asia Minor. In western Cilicia, i.e. Cilicia Trachea, they were encovered in Late Classical and Hellenistic necropoleis. The principal shapes of these alabaster containers were alabastra, amphorae, craters and pyxides. The aim of the paper is to compare alabaster containers found in Cilicia Trachea and Cyprus in respect to their shapes, chronology, find contexts and associated assemblages during the Classical and Hellenistic periods. At the end of the paper an appendix includes alabaster containers found in the Heraeum and the Pythagoreion on Samos in Greece.
Key words: Late Classical period, Hellenistic period, alabaster, containers, Rough Cilicia, Cyprus, southern Turkey, Asia Minor, Samos, Greece.
Bu makalede konu edilen objeler ilgili müzenin 2007 tarih ve 75845132-154.01-E.529808 numaralı yazılı izin ile çalışılmıştır.
This brief paper deals with five bronze oil lamps with crescent moon-shaped handle from Anatolia. Two from the Archaeological Museums of Istanbul are published by Atasoy and a further one, now in Malibu, was studied by Bussière and Lindros Wohl, while two others are unpublished. Compared to other regions of the Roman Empire, the number of this type of bronze lamps in Anatolia is not small as around 150 examples are so far known.
Keywords: Roman bronze lamps, crescent moon-shaped handle, Early Roman period, Anatolia.
In this brief paper that is now in print the so-called Lydian treasure in the Museum of Uşak in western Turkey and its associated history will be presented. The collection is alternatively known as the Karun
Treasure, a name given to a collection of 363 valuable Lydian artefacts dating from the seventh century BC and originating from the province of Uşak in western Turkey. This collection was the subject of a legal battle between Turkey and the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art between 1987–1993 and was returned to Turkey in 1993.
On p. 185 footnotes 12 and 15 are lacking for which I would like to apologize!
This article will be displayed in Academia beginning from January 1, 2026, as it can be filed on freely accessible online archives no earlier than three years after the release of its book. Please e-mail me for obtaining this brief article before 2026: elafli@yahoo.ca
Abstract: In this brief article we present a collection of 11 bronze bread stamps of the Early Byzantine period.
Keywords: bread stamps, instrumenta inscripta, Early Byzantine period, Byzantine epigraphy.
This brief article will be displayed in Academia beginning from January 1, 2024, as it can be filed on freely accessible online archives no earlier than one year after the release of its book. Please e-mail me for obtaining this brief article before 2024: elafli@yahoo.ca
In this brief paper two figural marble plates with shallow reliefs will be presented which are curated in the garten of a museum in western Turkey.
Keywords: Western Anatolia | figural plate | honorary arch | architectural plastic | tetrarchic period | Late Roman art and iconography.
This brief article will be displayed in Academia beginning from January 1, 2024, as it can be filed on freely accessible online archives no earlier than one year after the release of its journal. Please e-mail me for obtaining this brief article before 2024: elafli@yahoo.ca
In this short paper, 16 formerly unpublished or less-known lead sling bullets from southeastern Turkey are presented. Publications on sling bullets are unique among the archaeological literature on Asia Minor. The article contributes to the corpus of sling bullets as it brings to the scholarship new examples. In this collection there are almost no extant examples of a particular bullet being replicated exactly on a second example. This paper increases thus the number of Hellenistic and Roman sling bullets known to date from southeastern Turkey and northwestern Syria.
Keywords: Sling bullets, southeastern Turkey, Asia Minor, northwestern Syria, Hellenistic period, Roman period, Greek epigraphy, instrumenta inscripta.
The full form of this article will be displayed in Academia beginning from January 1, 2023, as it can be filed on freely accessible online archives no earlier than one year after the release of its journal. Please e-mail me for obtaining this brief article before 2023: elafli@yahoo.ca
In this short paper, nine formerly unpublished rayed lamps from south-eastern Turkey are being presented, belonging to a well-known type, starting from the end of the sixth century A.D., which became particularly widespread in the eighth century A.D. The article adds to a group of “rayed’ lamps from the Near East next few examples found in less accessible museums in Turkey and it also includes a useful historical sketch of the region during the Byzantine and Early Islamic period. The publication of these new specimens is valuable as the material from the area of modern Turkey is rarely published. While waiting for research on the many further lamps that are likely to be found in numerous museums to be published, this contribution helps us understand the variety of lamps and their area of diffusion, which stretches from northern Mesopotamia down to Palestine, including south-eastern Turkey, Syria, Lebanon and Israel.
A former version of the same paper has been published, as: E. Laflı/M. Buora/F. H. Kaya, A preliminary report on Byzantine/Early Islamic rayed lamps from southeastern Turkey, The International Journal of Levant Studies (IJLS) 2, 2020, 83-105.
Key words: Terracotta oil lamps, rayed lamps, south-eastern Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Byzantine period, Early Islamic period, lychnological studies.
The full form of this article will be displayed in Academia beginning from January 1, 2024, as it can be filed on freely accessible online archives no earlier than one year after the release of its journal. Please e-mail me for obtaining this brief article before 2024: elafli@yahoo.ca
An early fourth century AD bronze coin group is confiscated in 2019. The exact provenance of the hoard is not known.
The full form of this article will be displayed in Academia beginning from January 1, 2024, as it can be filed on freely accessible online archives no earlier than one year after the release of its journal. Please e-mail me for obtaining this brief article before 2024: elafli@yahoo.ca
In this brief article we present a collection of four inscribed rings curated in a local museum in southeastern Turkey. These bronze rings belong respectively to an unknown person, to a person called Epiphanius, to a further Epiphanius and to a possible Sergius. The chronology of these unpublished rings is not easily determined; nevertheless, by form and type of inscription etc. they can generally be attributed to the Early Byzantine period, from the sixth century AD onwards. At the end of this paper three further bronze trinkets from the same museum are presented. The first one is an uninscribed finger ring, the second one is a pendant with an inscription and the last one is another ring, with a probable Early Arabic-Islamic inscription.
Keywords: inscribed rings, instrumenta inscripta, southeastern Turkey, northwestern Syria, Early Byzantine period, Byzantine epigraphy.
An addentum: It is quite possible that the inscription on the reverse of no. 6 (fig. 6b) reads Ὁ κατοικῶν, which are the first two words of Psalm 91, a common verse on such amulets. See, for example, no. 136 in this volume: Eunice Dauterman Maguire, Henry Maguire, and Maggie J. Duncan-Flowers, Art and Holy Powers in the Early Christian House (Urbana: Krannert Art Museum, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1989). There is a similar pendant in the study collection at Kenyon College in the US which can be viewed here: https://digital.kenyon.edu/arthistorystudycollection/1159/
Kindly provided by Dr Brad Hostetler (Kenyon College, Gambier, OH; in February 2023).
In this short paper, five formerly unknown Late Roman unguentarium stamps will be presented. These stamps have been found at some sites in western Asia Minor.
Keywords: Late Roman unguentaria, Early Byzantine ampulla, stamps, monogram, Early Byzantine period, sigillography, western Asia Minor, Turkey.
The full form of this article will be displayed in Academia beginning from January 1, 2023, as it can be filed on freely accessible online archives no earlier than one year after the release of its journal. Please e-mail me for obtaining this brief article before 2023: elafli@yahoo.ca
In this paper a marble slab fragment from western Turkey is presented. Originally it was published by C. Texier in 1884 and later deemed missing. We believe that it is an imperial sarcophagus and that it may have received the remains of the emperor of Nicaea Theodore II Lascaris.
Keywords. Imperial sarcophagus, Nymphaeum, western Asia Minor, Middle Byzantine period, Late Byzantine period, Byzantine sarcophagi, Byzantine relief sculpture, Byzantine epigraphy, Byzantine history, Theodore II Lascaris, John III Ducas Vatatzes, Nicaean Empire.
The full form of this article will be displayed in Academia beginning from January 1, 2023, as it can be filed on freely accessible online archives no earlier than one year after the release of its book. Please e-mail me for obtaining this brief article before 2023: elafli@yahoo.ca
On the occasion of the publication of a new milestone with a bilingual (Latin and Greek) inscription recently discovered somewhere in the eastern part of the Roman Empire in the miscellanea dedicated to Professor Karl Strobel on the occasion of his 65th birthday,
some unfortunate errors have occurred that have been noticed only after of the volume has been printed. Firstly, the Latin text concerning the naming of the quarries was misinterpreted. Secondly, the first line of the Greek text, containing the indication of the imperial titling of Valerian and Gallienus, was literally erased. We take the opportunity here to make amends and publish the revised and corrected version of the milestone’s text, adding only a few brief remarks.
The full form of this article will be displayed in Academia beginning from January 1, 2023, as it can be filed on freely accessible online archives no earlier than one year after the release of its book. Please e-mail me for obtaining this brief article before 2023: elafli@yahoo.ca
In this brief paper two Italian-type Roman lamps from southeastern Turkey will be presented, which bear iconographic scenes that are rare in the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire.
Keywords: Clay oil lamps, Italian-type Roman lamps, southeastern Turkey, Roman Near East, Roman iconography, Roman lychnology.
The full form of this article will be displayed in Academia beginning from January 1, 2023, as it can be filed on freely accessible online archives no earlier than one year after the release of its book. Please e-mail me for obtaining this brief article before 2023: elafli@yahoo.ca
A museum in Bithynia houses seven pieces of Byzantine ceramics, originating mostly from Bithynia in northern part of western Turkey. In order to give an updated insight into the material a detailed catalogue of these objects will be presented here. This is also a brief contribution to the valorisation of museums in western Turkey and aims to broadening of our knowledge about Byzantine ceramics of Asia Minor.
Key Words: Western Asia Minor, Bithynia, Middle Byzantine period, Early Byzantine period, coloured sgraffito ware, ampulla.
The full form of this brief article will be displayed in Academia beginning from January 1, 2023, as it can be filed on freely accessible online archives no earlier than one year after the release of its journal. Please e-mail me for obtaining this brief article before 2023: elafli@yahoo.ca
In this brief contribution two previously unpublished grave steles from Pontus are analysed, the first one of which is bilingual, i.e. Latin and Greek, and the other one is in Greek. The first bilingual text is very interesting that the content of each version is culturally quite distinct, surely aimed at the different audiences of the Latin and Greek texts in the bilingual and multicultural environment. Through these two new examples it is possible to gain new insights about the Roman eastern Pontus.
Keywords: Pontus, Roman period, epigraphy, Latin, Greek.
Pilgrims returning home during the early Byzantine period carried with them numerous objects with sacred inscriptions. In Jerusalem-and in Syria-terracotta oil lamps were made with a specific formula of blessing mentioning both the Blessed Virgin as Theotokos and a certain John whose identification either with a saint or the manufacturer of these lamps remains unclear. A museum in southeastern Turkey holds a lamp of this type, probably dating to the sixth century AD or shortly thereafter.
Keywords: Eulogistic oil lamps, blessing formula, Theotokos, early
Byzantine period, Antioch-on-the-Orontes, southeastern
Turkey.
We kindly request that you alert any interested researches, colleagues and students within your research community who would be interested in participating at these Anatolian webinars, either by forwarding our e-mail through Academia, Researchgate, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram or other similar social media, or by printing our program below and displaying it in your institution. Please share it also on your ListServs. We hope that you will be able to join us on Zoom, and look forward to seeing you!
Records of each webinars were placed at:
https://www.youtube.com/c/deuedebiyatfakultesi
Program of the Anatolian webinars
Webinar # 1
Thur 13th Oct 2022, at 3.30pm (Istanbul time)
Dr Hadrien Bru (Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France): “Funerary steles from Antioch. A Turco-French archaeological project”.
Webinar # 2
Thur 24th Nov 2022, at 3.30pm (Istanbul time)
Dr Stefano Magnani (Università degli Studi di Udine, Italy): “New milestones from Commagene”.
Zoom link:
https://us02web.zoom.us/j/83713478357?pwd=TnBJeUhyNi9Dc25yK0RlRFNYbXJ3dz09
Meeting ID: 837 1347 8357.
Password: 538001.
Webinar # 3
Thur 8th Dec 2022, at 3.30pm (Istanbul time)
Dr Eva Christof (Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Austria): “Roman and Early Byzantine sarcophagi from Cilicia. A Turco-Austrian archaeological project”.
In German.
Zoom link:
https://us02web.zoom.us/j/87913968275?pwd=QkNWdDlubjc0ZS9vT2lUc2dvSTJCUT09
Meeting ID: 879 1396 8275.
Password: 639293.
Webinar # 4
Thur 12th Jan 2023, at 3.30pm (Istanbul time)
Dr Maurizio Buora (Società Friulana di Archeologia, Udine, Italy): “People, goods and ideas from Anatolia to north-eastern Italy”.
In Italian.
Zoom link:
https://us02web.zoom.us/j/82016033176?pwd=VDBrbHIveVhPdjFRMEcrTVV1TEJXUT09
Meeting ID: 820 1603 3176.
Password: 685990.
Webinar # 5
Thur 16th Mar 2023, at 3.30pm (Istanbul time)
Professor Gian Luca Gregori (Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, Italy): “Latin inscriptions in Asia Minor I. A Turco-Italian epigraphic project”.
In Italian.
https://us02web.zoom.us/j/85986844384?pwd=Q0pkbUFmREg3RTJnMGliMVpYeVFmZz09
Meeting ID: 859 8684 4384.
Password: 503502.
Webinar # 6
Thur 13th Apr 2023, at 3.30pm (Istanbul time)
Professor Peter Liddel (Department of Classics, Ancient History, Archaeology and Egyptology, University of Manchester, UK) : “Roman and Byzantine inscriptions from eastern Turkey”.
Zoom link:
https://us02web.zoom.us/j/83107325336?pwd=Yk9GQjROQkE2WlYxNjFrTnFic0Rwdz09
Meeting ID: 831 0732 5336.
Password: 121300.
Webinar # 7
Thur 4th May 2023, at 3.30pm (Istanbul time)
Professor Sven Günther (Institute for the History of Ancient Civilizations, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China): “Current gemological research: from the possible research topics to the organization of an extensive e-conference at DEU and process of its final publication”.
In English.
Zoom link:
https://us02web.zoom.us/j/82295644852?pwd=Y290OFpSRis4RkVvcEdSK09NUTliQT09
Meeting ID: 822 9564 4852.
Password: 901019.
This video conference took place on November 17, 2023. All the lectures and discussions in our e-conference were on Zoom and in English, and were recorded for later viewing on YouTube for participants who were unable to attend the live performance presentation. The symposium was first announced in May 2023. Between May and September 2023 there were more than 13 paper applications from eight countries, including – in alphabetical order – Belgium, Greece, Italy, Poland, Russia, Serbia, Spain and Turkey, 13 of which were accepted. All speakers held their lectures virtually. This book was arranged mainly in November 2023 where papers were placed in order by speakers’ turns at the conference. It was constantly being updated in its online version on our Academia account. It is also published by Ada Printing House in Buca, Izmir in December 2023.
The second symposium is dedicated to the memory of Professor Hasan Malay (Ege University; 1948-2022) and Mr Mehmet Emin Başaranbilek (Archaeological Museums of Istanbul; 1945-2022), two Turkish classical scholars from the Cayster Valley who passed away in 2022.
I would like to thank following colleagues for preparation of this book and for their assistance before, during and after our conference (in alphabetic order): Professor Engin Akdeniz (Izmir), Dr Maurizio Buora (Udine), Dr Stefano Magnani (Udine / Münster) and Dr Sami Patacı (Ardahan).
This video conference took place on November 18, 2022 in Izmir, Turkey with an archaeological excursion to the sites and museums within the city of Izmir on November 19. All the lectures and discussions in our e-conference were on Zoom and in English, and were recorded for later viewing on YouTube for participants who were unable to attend the live performance presentation. The symposium was first announced in May 2022. Between May and September 2022 there were more than ten paper applications from six countries, including – in alphabetical order – Austria, Czech Republic, Italy, Russia, Turkey and U.S.A., ten of which were accepted. Three speakers held their lectures both physically in Izmir and virtually on Zoom; the rest of the papers were presented on Zoom. Session 1 was organized in the Main Conference Hall of the Faculty of Letters in Tınaztepe Campus (in Block C), and Session 2 was organized in the office of Professor Laflı. This book was arranged mainly in November 2022 where papers were placed in order by speakers’ turns at the conference. It was constantly being updated in its online version on our Academia account. It is also published by the Press House of the Dokuz Eylül University in December 2022.
This first symposium on the archaeology of western Anatolia is dedicated to the 20th death anniversary of Professor Ekrem Akurgal, founder of modern Turkish archaeology, who passed away on November 1st, 2002.
ISBN for this book: 978-625-00-1043-3.
Records of the e-conference in YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O1o__WLJLyM
Among Phrygian fibulae there are several examples of the type Caner 1983 A IV, 3 variant, which are most likely of local production in Bithynia. Two other examples appear to be unique due to their size and the shape of their bow.
For the Roman period, one Aucissa fibula and one Zwiebelknopffibel are present, with a pairing that is also found in other Anatolian sites.
At the end of the article in the appendix 1 we present a list, updated to the year 2024, of the all Zwiebelknopffibels known from Türkiye. In the appendix 2 we also present a list of all fibulae from the main archaeological fieldworks in Türkiye between 1983 and 2022 after the appearance of Ertuğrul Caner’s publication in 1983.
Keywords: Archaeological Museum of İznik, Nicaea, Bithynia, Türkiye, Phrygian fibulae, Urartian fibulae, Aucissa fibulae, Zwiebelknopffibels.