Papers by Valerius M. Ciuca
Innovations, 2010
Starting from the statement that, especially in Europe, creativity becomes an ontological dominan... more Starting from the statement that, especially in Europe, creativity becomes an ontological dominant of humankind, transforming it in a real-individual and collectiveidentity element, the authors are trying to introduce the legal organic concept of 'the law of creativity’ ipso facto replacing the ambiguous and non-appropriate 'law of industrial property’ with all the welcome juridical consequences that could devolve from it. At the same time, the authors are proposing the creation of legal European specialized courts in creativity law which can have the competence to judge all the rights related to inventiveness (called by the authors 'real creativity') and all the rights issued from innovations ( 'adaptative creativity’ in their opinion). JEL codes: K4, K11, 034
Agora International Journal of Juridical Sciences, Sep 24, 2017
comparatisme est véritablement analytique seulement sur le terrain fondamental des sources sapien... more comparatisme est véritablement analytique seulement sur le terrain fondamental des sources sapientogenes de tous les systèmes de droit (Valerius M.C.) 2. Ignea quin etiam superum pater arma recondit, / Et Ganimedeae repetens convivia mensae / Pocula sumit ea qua gessit fulmina dextra. In memoriam Prof.dr.doc. Marțian Cotrău, son of Bihor County, an outstanding personality of Iași Many scholars of contemporary European legal phenomena assimilate jurisprudentialism almost exclusively to common law as a family of law. There are other families of law which, directly or indirectly, establish in the jurisprudence of judges formal sources worthy of comparison with law or custom; (In which the doctrine gives it the meaning of "jurisprudential art" or Fîkîh, Fiqh, a divided art, grosso modo, on five theoretical levels: Fard, debts, Mandup, recommendations, Mubah, tacit acceptance, Makruh, Immoralities, Haram, Offenses); Also some subfamilies of traditional law systems, from societies that focus their sapiens' spirit of norms rather on the judge's mind than on the legislator's vision. The theoretical premise that I leave is a bit different, probably because of the doctrinal "deformations" generated by cantoning too much in the sapiential space of Roman law, but also in current European law. Pax Europaea it is a notable resultant of the beneficial comparatism in it's way of path, method, of instrument of transatlantic juridical acculturation, that succeed to achieve the great normative and institutional convergence, that generate another organic structure of the European law, fixed upon jusnaturalist principles and on the defeatism of the prewar ultrapositivism. This happened both on nomothetic plan, and on hermeneutical one, as flashes with ardor professor René David. 1 The European competition law, veritable guardian of the European peace is, totally, the best exemplum, it is an argument per se (secundum ponam casum...). Comparatism, volunteer juridical acculturation, rational and organicism are, as a rule, works of peace, of the spiral evolution status, in colimason, trying to fix the nomothetic fractures that intervenes in the history squeals. I'll start with a categorical affirmation: what we call European Law today, that dominates the European jurisprudences, as well as the national ones that stand below the
Jurnalul de studii juridice, Jan 17, 2018
The publication of a handbook or of a course support for the benefit of students is the essential... more The publication of a handbook or of a course support for the benefit of students is the essential duty of any teacher forming specialists in the field of legal sciences. With such a sense of duty, we are pleased to note, appears before the academic body Mrs. Cerasela-Nadia Anitei, a professor at "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati, who recently published a handbook of private international law under the title " Lessons of Romanian Private International Law "published by Lumen Publishing House in Iasi. Well structured in relation to the specific requirements of the discipline aforementioned, the author’s handbook is accompanied by extensive references which illustrate both the Romanian doctrine in this scientific field, and largely, the European doctrine or, more broadly, the international one, needed to support in a substantiated manner the basic ideas of the courses and seminars held before the students of the University from Galati. The handbook recently published by the author is meant to arouse the interest of those who want to enter the secrets of this frontier science which refined over time, judicial solutions of the most questionable in relation to the legal culture related to each protagonist to private legal relations with foreign elements.
Innovations, 2010
Distribution électronique Cairn.info pour De Boeck Supérieur. Distribution électronique Cairn.inf... more Distribution électronique Cairn.info pour De Boeck Supérieur. Distribution électronique Cairn.info pour De Boeck Supérieur. La reproduction ou représentation de cet article, notamment par photocopie, n'est autorisée que dans les limites des conditions générales d'utilisation du site ou, le cas échéant, des conditions générales de la licence souscrite par votre établissement. Toute autre reproduction ou représentation, en tout ou partie, sous quelque forme et de quelque manière que ce soit, est interdite sauf accord préalable et écrit de l'éditeur, en dehors des cas prévus par la législation en vigueur en France. Il est précisé que son stockage dans une base de données est également interdit. Article disponible en ligne à l'adresse Article disponible en ligne à l'adresse https://www.cairn.info/revue-innovations-2010-2-page-181.htm Découvrir le sommaire de ce numéro, suivre la revue par email, s'abonner... Flashez ce QR Code pour accéder à la page de ce numéro sur Cairn.info.
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, Jun 1, 2008
-Les auteurs tentent de trouver l'espace juridique qui permet d'aider à l'harmonisation de deux a... more -Les auteurs tentent de trouver l'espace juridique qui permet d'aider à l'harmonisation de deux attachements juridiquement : celui relatif à l'espace national et celui ancré dans l'esprit nouveau de la citoyenneté européenne. La voie commune est celle de l'élection au suffrage universel à l'échelle européenne pour le Parlement mais aussi pour le Président du Conseil européen et l'acceptation d'un referendum européen unique pour la Constitution ou un nouveau traité, de manière à ce que, sur ce thème, se prononce le peuple européen dans son ensemble, et non les différents peuples séparément.
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, Nov 1, 2007
Motto: Inde latae leges ne fortior omnia posset 2 Résumé-On a créé les Lois, en esprit ovidien do... more Motto: Inde latae leges ne fortior omnia posset 2 Résumé-On a créé les Lois, en esprit ovidien donc, pour limiter le pouvoir des plus forts. L'idée de l'institution de règles précises destinées à un bon arbitrage dans les jeux de la compétition ou même de la lutte entre les divers acteurs économiques est une idée très ancienne. La raison même de l'existence des Lois est de tempérer le Pouvoir. C'est en ce sens qu'Ovidius Publius Naso s'était exprimé poétiquement il y deux mille ans. Et, bien avant lui, les Hittites et bien encore auparavant, les Assyriens (selon les petites tables cappadociennes). C'est, entre autres, le motif pour lequel nous avons choisi ce thème pour notre conférence. Par ailleurs, le concept de liberté économique illimitée des cocontractants est aussi très ancien. En pleine Époque classique romaine, période au cours de laquelle Ovidius Publius Naso a d'ailleurs vécu, le droit privé a été enrichi par le principe de l'autonomie de la volonté dans le cadre des rapports contractuels. C'est un principe qui jouait le rôle libérateur des énergies de la vie du contrat, trop limitées par les rigueurs excessives du formalisme ancien. En contrepoids au principe de l'autonomie de la volonté, l'intérêt social (et, par conséquence, la cause sociale du contrat) a connu une naissance tardive au Moyen Age. C'était grâce aux préoccupations sociales que la Chrétienté s'était rapprochée, par son Église (au niveau des confusions mêmes) des besoins de tous les gens, de tous les pauvres. Autrement dit, elle s'était confondue avec les nécessités générales, pas seulement avec celles des "majoritaires". De cette manière est né le "droit de la concurrence", comme un "droit du consommateur" avant la lettre, une branche de droit qui relativise la force de la ainsi nommée : "main invisible du marché" (Adam Smith). Aussi, le droit de la concurrence a la vertu suprême de pacifier la société et les rapports entre les États qui le reconnaissent (comme, exempli gratia, dans l'Union européenne), du moins dans le périmètre du domaine essentiel du commerce.
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, Jul 1, 2006
Partant d'une sémiotique des valeurs juridiques comparatives (justiniennes et napoléoniennes), l'... more Partant d'une sémiotique des valeurs juridiques comparatives (justiniennes et napoléoniennes), l'auteur apprécie qu'il est mieux d'adopter l'hypothèque justinienne comme modèle virtuel pour un éventuel code de droit privé commun européen, en gardant l'ensemble des fondements juridiques du Code civil Français. Les arguments visent surtout le caractère plus ouvert du cette hypothèque vers la thèse "des plusieurs chances" du débiteur insolvable et l'ouverture sociale du milieu d'affaires par l'acceptation de l'hypothèque mobilière.
Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai, Mar 16, 2021
Scriptural support of the communication drafted for the International Scientific Conference, dedi... more Scriptural support of the communication drafted for the International Scientific Conference, dedicated to the Centenary of the Great Union with the generic "Return of Bessarabia in the Romanian legal space", which took place at the Public University of Chișinau, from March 22-23, 2018. In order to mitigate symbolically from the minor premises regarding the recent evolutions of the Romanian legal ethnology and anthropology part of this material was also adapted for the annual Conference, within the series of conferences of the Robertianum Centre for European Private Law, under the aegis of "Law and Literature" from the spring of 2019. I hope for these small efforts to become a palladium that could catalyse a fruitful starting point for shaping the foundations of the legal sciences as natural, living, real elements that mark the moral and justice spirit of the Romanian people and European legal culture. The conference held in this framework was entitled as follows: Etnografia, fabulistica și etnologia juridică-albia ce unește două maluri în An Centenar 1918-2018. Valori juridico-morale perene versus quasi-efemeride sau scoica Arctica Islandica (400 ani) versus efemerida libelulă (Anisoptera de o zi) ... (Ethnography, fabulistics and legal ethnology-the river bed that unites two banks in the Centenary Year 1918-2018. Perennial juridical-moral values versus quasi
Agora International Journal of Juridical Sciences, 2017
MOTTO:1. Le comparatisme est véritablement analytique seulement sur le terrain fondamental des so... more MOTTO:1. Le comparatisme est véritablement analytique seulement sur le terrain fondamental des sources sapientogenes de tous les systèmes de droit (Valerius M.C.)2. Ignea quin etiam superum pater arma recondit, / Et Ganimedeae repetens convivia mensae / Pocula sumit ea qua gessit fulmina dextra. In memoriam Prof.dr.doc. Marțian Cotrău, son of Bihor County, an outstanding personality of Iași
Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Iurisprudentia, 2021
Scriptural support of the communication drafted for the International Scientific Conference, dedi... more Scriptural support of the communication drafted for the International Scientific Conference, dedicated to the Centenary of the Great Union with the generic "Return of Bessarabia in the Romanian legal space", which took place at the Public University of Chișinau, from March 22-23, 2018. In order to mitigate symbolically from the minor premises regarding the recent evolutions of the Romanian legal ethnology and anthropology part of this material was also adapted for the annual Conference, within the series of conferences of the Robertianum Centre for European Private Law, under the aegis of "Law and Literature" from the spring of 2019. I hope for these small efforts to become a palladium that could catalyse a fruitful starting point for shaping the foundations of the legal sciences as natural, living, real elements that mark the moral and justice spirit of the Romanian people and European legal culture. The conference held in this framework was entitled as follows: Etnografia, fabulistica și etnologia juridică-albia ce unește două maluri în An Centenar 1918-2018. Valori juridico-morale perene versus quasi-efemeride sau scoica Arctica Islandica (400 ani) versus efemerida libelulă (Anisoptera de o zi) ... (Ethnography, fabulistics and legal ethnology-the river bed that unites two banks in the Centenary Year 1918-2018. Perennial juridical-moral values versus quasi
Epifania, 2023
Motto: Eia age chare pater. Cervici imponere nostrae, / Ipse subito humeris, nec me labor iste gr... more Motto: Eia age chare pater. Cervici imponere nostrae, / Ipse subito humeris, nec me labor iste gravabit. / Quo res cunque cadent, unum, et commune periclum, / Una salus ambobus erit.
Dacia was, between 106 and 275 AD a Roman province, known under the surname of Dacia Felix. Our contribution takes advantage of a circumstance, at least as happy as the province was considered to be: the existence of the wax tablets of Alburnus Maior (nowadays Roșia Montană, in Alba County, Romania. Also known as Triptychs, some are valuable sources of historical and legal information, while others simply record scenes of social life. Uncovered between 1786 and 1855 out of the former provincial golden mines, they are a priceless account of the way locals transplanted the Roman Classical Law. In fact, this very direct application of Roman Law in the Dacia province was, among other Transylvanian epigraphic testimonies, also demonstrated by these waxed tablets (tabulae ceratae Alburnense ).
Revista Română de Drept Privat Nr. 3 (Educația juridică), 2022
Motto: "Justiția și fațada unui templu se văd exemplar din exterior" (Austin O'Malley)
Un învăț... more Motto: "Justiția și fațada unui templu se văd exemplar din exterior" (Austin O'Malley)
Un învățământ juridic în România, precum în țările occidentale, ar trebui să revină la paradigma primară pentru orice Universitas. Ar trebui să se universalizeze, să reintre în recunoscuta, cândva, Republică Universală a Literelor. Profesori și studenți din toată lumea, invitați aici pentru studii de înaltă calitate și pentru "diplome grele", ar putea pune învățământul juridic din România pe harta destinațiilor importante ale lumii.
Témoignages d’anciens Membres de la Cour de l’UE à l’occasion des 70 ans de la Cour, 2022
Il y a eu de nombreux idéaux des communautés humaines, plus ou moins grandes. Certains se sont ré... more Il y a eu de nombreux idéaux des communautés humaines, plus ou moins grandes. Certains se sont révélés être des simples chimères idéologiques, d'autres des visions mythologiques et religieuses. Enfin, peu importe sous quelle forme et dans quelles hypostases il nous est apparu, l'idéal si humain et divin à la fois, l'idéal d'équité, de Justice, est un idéal pérenne.
The publication of a handbook or of a course support for the benefit of students is the essential... more The publication of a handbook or of a course support for the benefit of students is the essential duty of any teacher forming specialists in the field of legal sciences. With such a sense of duty, we are pleased to note, appears before the academic body Mrs. Cerasela-Nadia Anitei, a professor at "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati, who recently published a handbook of private international law under the title " Lessons of Romanian Private International Law "published by Lumen Publishing House in Iasi. Well structured in relation to the specific requirements of the discipline aforementioned, the author’s handbook is accompanied by extensive references which illustrate both the Romanian doctrine in this scientific field, and largely, the European doctrine or, more broadly, the international one, needed to support in a substantiated manner the basic ideas of the courses and seminars held before the students of the University from Galati. The handbook recently publ...
Histoire & mesure, 2003
Ce document a été généré automatiquement le 30 septembre 2016. © Éditions de l'EHESS Des chiffres... more Ce document a été généré automatiquement le 30 septembre 2016. © Éditions de l'EHESS Des chiffres et des lettres Histoire & mesure, XVIII-3/4 | 2007
Human and Social Studies
The author proposes here “the first Romanian attempt at a hermeneutic systematization of the phil... more The author proposes here “the first Romanian attempt at a hermeneutic systematization of the philosophy of European law”, a field that is approached from an organic, integrating perspective. It has to be seen as a synchronic lectio magistralis on the ineluctable role of the spiritual roots when deciphering and assuming national identity. The complicated “euronomosophical” discourse, whose beginning is an excellent page of self-history about the “Europe” of the author, voices an appeal to a deeper self-knowledge. A complex, dynamic reality: from euromyth to euro-oniria and PaxEuropaea. Such incursions into the universe of law certainly involve an instructive and pedagogical side, building a patchwork of ideas, suggestions and themes that could be further developed.
IUS ROMANUM, 2021
The Black Sea – a showcase of legal and moral symbols during Roman Antiquity
Uploads
Papers by Valerius M. Ciuca
Dacia was, between 106 and 275 AD a Roman province, known under the surname of Dacia Felix. Our contribution takes advantage of a circumstance, at least as happy as the province was considered to be: the existence of the wax tablets of Alburnus Maior (nowadays Roșia Montană, in Alba County, Romania. Also known as Triptychs, some are valuable sources of historical and legal information, while others simply record scenes of social life. Uncovered between 1786 and 1855 out of the former provincial golden mines, they are a priceless account of the way locals transplanted the Roman Classical Law. In fact, this very direct application of Roman Law in the Dacia province was, among other Transylvanian epigraphic testimonies, also demonstrated by these waxed tablets (tabulae ceratae Alburnense ).
Un învățământ juridic în România, precum în țările occidentale, ar trebui să revină la paradigma primară pentru orice Universitas. Ar trebui să se universalizeze, să reintre în recunoscuta, cândva, Republică Universală a Literelor. Profesori și studenți din toată lumea, invitați aici pentru studii de înaltă calitate și pentru "diplome grele", ar putea pune învățământul juridic din România pe harta destinațiilor importante ale lumii.
Dacia was, between 106 and 275 AD a Roman province, known under the surname of Dacia Felix. Our contribution takes advantage of a circumstance, at least as happy as the province was considered to be: the existence of the wax tablets of Alburnus Maior (nowadays Roșia Montană, in Alba County, Romania. Also known as Triptychs, some are valuable sources of historical and legal information, while others simply record scenes of social life. Uncovered between 1786 and 1855 out of the former provincial golden mines, they are a priceless account of the way locals transplanted the Roman Classical Law. In fact, this very direct application of Roman Law in the Dacia province was, among other Transylvanian epigraphic testimonies, also demonstrated by these waxed tablets (tabulae ceratae Alburnense ).
Un învățământ juridic în România, precum în țările occidentale, ar trebui să revină la paradigma primară pentru orice Universitas. Ar trebui să se universalizeze, să reintre în recunoscuta, cândva, Republică Universală a Literelor. Profesori și studenți din toată lumea, invitați aici pentru studii de înaltă calitate și pentru "diplome grele", ar putea pune învățământul juridic din România pe harta destinațiilor importante ale lumii.
Partea a II-a. Evolutii recente în dreptul european. Discussions
Potentes, dites, fortunati, nobiles,
Tam maxume vos aequo animo aequa noscere
Oportet
Riassunto
I valori giuridici sono i pilastri delle costruzioni delle societa’ che perpetuano lo spirito umanista del jus naturalismo dell’antichità romana fino ad oggi (se guardiamo, anche brevemente, la struttura dei due trattati di Lisbona, TUE e rispettivemente TFUE). L’unionismo romeno essendo un fenomeno giuridico-storico plurisecolare, si basa su valori giuridici perenni, più che su transitorie regolamentazioni positive. Cerchiamo di sottolineare i valori più importanti attraverso una serie di ricerche intrapese sulla scia della comune ostinazione di iluminare le molteplici sfaccettature del Centenario dell’Unità Romena; qui aequitas e fraternitas (officium pietatis).
Rezumat
Valorile juridice sunt pilaștrii construcțiilor societale care perpetuează spiritul umanist al jusnaturalismului din Antichitatea romană până astăzi (dacă am privi, chiar sumar, la structura celor două tratate de la Lisabona, TUE și, respectiv, TFUE). Unionismul românesc fiind un fenomen juridico-istoric multisecular, se centrează pe valori juridice perene, mai mult decât pe tranziente reglementări pozitive. Pe cele mai importante astfel de valori încercăm a le evidenția într-o serie de cercetări întreprinse în siajul obstinației comune de-a lumina fațetele multiple ale Centenarului unității românești; aici, despre aequitas și fraternitas (officium pietatis).
***
Journal of Legal Studies, a professional academic journal, published twice a year, commits itself to promoting the academic communication about laws of Romania and other countries, covers all sorts of researches on legal history, law rules, legal culture, legal theories, legal systems, questions, debate and discussion about law from the experts and scholars all over the world.
Dreptul european în zi de 9 Mai, ”Ziua Robertină”. Fascinat, sub ”amuleta” lui, de misterul ce însoțește întemeierea unei ”țări” fără de teritoriu și a unei ”națiuni” fără de popor, încerc, prin ”Euronomosofia” II, după patru ani de la publicarea primului tom, să pătrund, empiric și rațional, cu mijloace romanist-comparatiste, în dedalul fără sfârșit al acestei odisei juridice ce implică 500 de milioane de suflete (cea mai grandioasă înfăptuire contractualistă, neverosimilă precum un vis, în istoria umanității). Este, totodată, un răspuns personal la palinodiile juridice ale celor ce clamează ”...exit”...
Eritis sicut Dii scientes bonum et malum! (Septuaginta. Genesis)
Résumé
Pollicitatio (onis) comme substantif commun, signifie une offre, c’est à dire, promettre quelque chose, proposition, s’engager à faire quelque chose... Sa racine lexicale se trouve aussi dans le verbe indo-européen polliceor, offrir par promesses... Ayant en vue la force agressive des promesses en vain de la part des forces politiques d’aujourd’hui, un éclaircissement romain classique est plus que nécessaire. C’est assez logique à soutenir, presque sans aucune réserve, que, selon les mots d’Oxenstierna : La facilité à faire des promesses et la difficulté de les tenir sont presque inséparables... C’est juste la conception de Rousseau qui complète cette belle phrase, en disant : Le plus lent à promettre est toujours le plus fidèle à tenir...
***
Eritis sicut Dii scientes bonum et malum! (Septuaginta. Genesis)
Résumé
Pollicitatio (onis) comme substantif commun, signifie une offre, c’est à dire, promettre quelque chose, proposition, s’engager à faire quelque chose... Sa racine lexicale se trouve aussi dans le verbe indo-européen polliceor, offrir par promesses... Ayant en vue la force agressive des promesses en vain de la part des forces politiques d’aujourd’hui, un éclaircissement romain classique est plus que nécessaire. C’est assez logique à soutenir, presque sans aucune réserve, que, selon les mots d’Oxenstierna : La facilité à faire des promesses et la difficulté de les tenir sont presque inséparables... C’est juste la conception de Rousseau qui complète cette belle phrase, en disant : Le plus lent à promettre est toujours le plus fidèle à tenir...
***
La propriété romaine supposait des nombreux débats. C’était une institution très complexe du point de vue politique.
La possession supposait des nombreuses évaluations factuelles. C’était une institution très complexe du point de vue juridique.
Rome avait agi au sens de la protection de la possession, donc, de la paix sociale, et, par cela, elle avait agi le vois humaniste de la factualité non-politique (d’oportunité, au sens du Gaius).
La possession est une institution humaniste et universaliste par définition. En protégeant la possession, la bonne foi, la liberté des affaires et l’équité universelle, Rome avait protégé quelques unes des valeurs juridiques qui représentent le squelette de l’idéologie des droits fondamentaux de l’Homme contemporain.
L’actio Publiciana, par l’intermède des deux fictions juridiques qu’elle implique (l’usucapion instantanée et celle de la citoyenneté Romaine pour des circonstances juridictionnelles d’opportunité) représente l’épitomé de cet humanisme juridique avant la lettre. Celui-ci est un humanisme juridique qui anticipe l’humanisme européen de l’époque moderne, un «humanisme » connu par la Dacia Felix, Tres Daciae, et respectivement, Dacia Romana pendant l’époque de son genèse, cela classique.
* * *
Abstract
I argue the theory I name “The Theory of the Identity Relational Criteria” and I propose some means of diminishing violence issued from macro and micro-juristic conflicts. This theory could be the basis for a new socio-normative structure which could provide much more freedom in choosing identity criteria and increase the means of putting an end to so call natural, ethnical, domestically, professional and religious conflicts.
The noetic right that I claim could better protect, by virtue of formal equality of all individuals, people’s aspiration for general social fellowship within the value-criterion which I name “Unconditional Love”. This fellowship could be rediscovered beside other values, juridical integrated since the Classic Roman Law: the autonomy of will and the good faith.
Préface Je suis généralement sceptique en ce qui concerne les méthodes paradigmatiques d'étude des sciences socio-humaines, juridiques. Conférence présentée dans le cadre du congre constitutif de la Société balkanique de droit romain et des études de tradition romaniste – Societas jure Romano – organisé par l'Université St. Kliment Ohridski de Sofia, le 13-14.X.2016, « L'étude et l'enseignement de droit romain et de la tradition romaniste au début de XXI siècle », en attente pour être publiée dans la revue électronique "Jus Romanum", sous la rédaction du Prof. dr. Malina Novkirishka-Stoyanova, http://iusromanum.eu/fr/about
Chers collègues, je vous salue cordialement de Roumanie, de chez moi…, une sorte d’amphitryon vous faire entrant dans son cabinet !
Je vous présenterai mon travail en anglais, seulement une brève introduction dans la langue du Code civil napoléonien…
L’idée centrale de ma communication, provoquée par la pandémie, m’avait vraiment préoccupée, en essayant d’approcher deux métaphores juridiques : celle de Mare Nostrum, qui donne naissance au concept juridique de frontière interne et celle d’Espace Schengen, la deuxième mère de ce même concept juridique, frontière interne…
Pour la documentation concernant la métaphore juridique Mare Nostrum, j’apporte un vif hommage à l’Illustre Professeur Pierangelo Catalano, qui a souligné quatre grandes idées dans un sublime rapport visant les cultures juridiques autour de la Méditerranée. Le rapport, intitule Les systèmes de droit de l’espace socioculturel de la Méditerranée, a été présenté dans un colloque international, nommé sugestivement Les deux rives de la Méditerranée. Conflits et interdépendance. Ce colloque a été organisé par la Fondation Royale de Maroc, à Casablanca, le 7-9 décembre 1989 (une semaine auparavant le déclanchement a Iasi, ma ville, et, puis, à Timisoara de la Révolution anticommuniste roumaine).
Les quatre idées du professeur Catalano se présente comme suit :
1) Garder l’identité de la culture juridique ;
2) Militer pour le droit réel de la culture soit coutumier, soit positif, lois, ordonnances etc.
3) garder l’orgueil des identités culturelles ;
4) Garder la Méditerranée com espace des rencontres, pas de confrontations.
***
Me too, concerning the Schengen Area, I think, is better to keep in mind such exhortations
My work, treating the essence of the goal of the norm and the appearance of that juridical rule, is starting by two Mottos one from Aristotle, another one from Saint Thomas of Aquino.
Motto:
Motto: If an instrument, e.g., an ax, were a natural body, then its substance would be being ax, l and this would be its soul; if this were removed, it would no longer be an ax, except homonymously. But as it is, it is an ax. (Aristotle, De Anima 412b11-15)
Et quia illud, per quod res constituitur in proprio genere vel specie, est hoc quod significatur per diffinitionem indicantem quid est res, inde est quod nomen essentiae a philosophis in nomen quiditatis mutatur. Et hoc est quod philosophus frequenter nominat quod quid erat esse, id est hoc per quod aliquid habet esse quid. (Sancti Thomae de Aquino, De ente et essentia, Caput I)
Abstract
Two banks of the same Roman and then European river are under the imminent danger of cracking and collapsing, then, in the tumultuous water of relativization of principles in the face of the absolutization of life: the bank of the fundamental right to free movement, inheritance of the ancient Mare Nostrum (which enshrined the concept of "internal border"), which over time became the supreme expression of the most covered universal status in human history, that of European citizen (miraculously won by the 1992 Maastricht Treaty) respectively, the natural bank of health, of the minimum barricades erected in the face of the assault of the proto-angel Azrael (עזראל), the beautiful, irresistible and absolute seducer of Death, who struck the Roman Empire several times, without disintegrating it, and who attacks today the unity of European citizens ...
Can these banks be consolidated in order to ensure, thus, the smooth flow of Roman, ancient, and modern European waters, which apparently separate them ...? Can they be re-united, as the Mediterranean people of the Roman Empire once did, through durable, unshakable bridges ...? Who could be their new great pontiffs (Pontifex maximus)? - Here are some questions arising from a topic of common meditation, novelist, comparative and European by definition.
*
* *
Motto: If an instrument, e.g., an ax, were a natural body, then its substance would be being ax, l and this would be its soul; if this were removed, it would no longer be an ax, except homonymously. But as it is, it is an ax. (Aristotle, De Anima 412b11-15)
Et quia illud, per quod res constituitur in proprio genere vel specie, est hoc quod significatur per diffinitionem indicantem quid est res, inde est quod nomen essentiae a philosophis in nomen quiditatis mutatur. Et hoc est quod philosophus frequenter nominat quod quid erat esse, id est hoc per quod aliquid habet esse quid. (Sancti Thomae de Aquino, De ente et essentia, Caput I)
Abstract
Two banks of the same Roman and then European river are under the imminent danger of cracking and collapsing, then, in the tumultuous water of relativization of principles in the face of the absolutization of life: the bank of the fundamental right to free movement, inheritance of the ancient Mare Nostrum (which enshrined the concept of "internal border"), which over time became the supreme expression of the most covered universal status in human history, that of European citizen (miraculously won by the 1992 Maastricht Treaty) respectively, the natural bank of health, of the minimum barricades erected in the face of the assault of the proto-angel Azrael (עזראל), the beautiful, irresistible and absolute seducer of Death, who struck the Roman Empire several times, without disintegrating it, and who attacks today the unity of European citizens ...
Can these banks be consolidated in order to ensure, thus, the smooth flow of Roman, ancient, and modern European waters, which apparently separate them ...? Can they be re-united, as the Mediterranean people of the Roman Empire once did, through durable, unshakable bridges ...? Who could be their new great pontiffs (Pontifex maximus)? - Here are some questions arising from a topic of common meditation, novelist, comparative and European by definition.
*
* *
I kept wondering why confirmed intuitions lead more easily to verified theories than the Cartesian ways of the self-hindering methodical rationalism. A recent film production, exceptional in its way of capturing the paradoxical ways of asserting mathematical genius, made me become more thoughtful than before. It is relatively recent; only I discovered it late. This is the Man Who Knew Infinity, a cinematic work that features the action of the eponymous work written by writer Robert Kanigel, a novel published in 1991. The film, made in the United Kingdom, was released in 2015 and seems to conveniently combine the documentary aspect about the life and scientific perfection of the Hindu mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan, with the specific requirements of a work of art. Almost the entire action takes place around the Cambridge University campus in England, more precisely, at Trinity College, where the illustrious professor of the time (end of the Belle Époque, first World War and "beginning of a new era" ...), Godfrey Harold Hardy, had the courage to have invited the "unschooled", beyond middle school, intuitive mathematician, "poet" of higher mathematics (partitions of the whole, estimation of the function π (x), trigonometric sums, Bernoulli numbers, etc.) Ramanujan, from poor area of Madras in order to become his collaborator and, finally, colleague both in the Royal Society of Mathematics and, as a supreme prize, at Trinity College.
The self-taught spirit of this poor son of an Orthodox Brahmin from the Indian state of Tamil (in fact, from the town of Erode), his amazing memory and intuition, due, like in case of Socrates, to a good Genius, to a protective Daemon of the mind, in our case to "personal" tribal Brahmin goddess, a kind of Lar of his city (Namagiri or Namakkal) and house, Namagiri Thayan, well, all this had led to the emergence of mathematical formulas that are used today to study the cosmic behaviour of black holes ...
We do not demand the protection and inspiration of the Lars and of the penates of our House, Europe, in order to demonstrate the need to perpetuate the spirit of the Schengen Area, until its full diffusion in the entire territory belonging to the European Union. In fact, without necessarily resorting to the biography of Srinivasa Ramanujan, after all, we could have given more credit to Henri Bergson and to the intuitionism that this European promoted as a particular source of philosophical knowledge and I think we would have reached the same result, favourable to our own intuition about the beneficial character of the Schengen Area in exceptional times, of severe restrictions...
However, we will rely, moreover, on the useful demonstrations of the founders of this space, which has long been the object of their dreams, but also on the glimpsed practical needs to fight together, not in an isolated manner, against the effects of this first global pandemic determined by the mysterious Covid-19 ...
*
* *
Motto: If an instrument, e.g., an ax, were a natural body, then its substance would be being ax, l and this would be its soul; if this were removed, it would no longer be an ax, except homonymously. But as it is, it is an ax. (Aristotle, De Anima 412b11-15)
Et quia illud, per quod res constituitur in proprio genere vel specie, est hoc quod significatur per diffinitionem indicantem quid est res, inde est quod nomen essentiae a philosophis in nomen quiditatis mutatur. Et hoc est quod philosophus frequenter nominat quod quid erat esse, id est hoc per quod aliquid habet esse quid. (Sancti Thomae de Aquino, De ente et essentia, Caput I)
Rezumat
Două maluri ale aceluiași fluviu roman și, apoi, european, se află sub iminentul pericol de-a se fisura și de-a se nărui, apoi, în tumultuoasa apă a relativizării principiilor în fața absolutizării vieții: malul dreptului fundamental la liberă circulație, moștenire a anticei Mare nostrum (ce-a consacrat conceptul de ”frontieră internă”), care-a devenit, peste timp, expresie supremă a celui mai râvnit statut universal din istoria umanității, acela de cetățean european (câștigat miraculos prin Tratatul maastrichteean din 1992) respectiv, malul natural al sănătății, al minimelor baricade ridicate în fața asaltului proto-îngerului Azrael (עזראל), frumosul, seducătorul irezistibil și absolut al Morții, care-a lovit de mai multe ori Imperiul Roman, fără a-l dezintegra, și care atentează azi la unitatea cetățenilor europeni...
Pot fi consolidate aceste maluri pentru a fi asigurată, astfel, lina curgescență a apelor romane, antice, și europene, moderne, ce le separă aparent...? Pot fi re-unite, așa cum făceau mediteraneenii din Imperiul Roman de cândva, prin punți trainice, inebranlabile...? Cine, oare, să le fie noii mari pontifi (Pontifex maximus)? – Iată câteva interogații izvorând dintr-o temă de meditație comună, romanistă, comparatistă și europeană prin definiție.
*
* *
M-am tot întrebat din ce motiv intuițiile confirmate conduc mai lesne la teorii verificate decât căile carteziene, ale raționalismului metodic auto-obstaculant. O producție cinematografică recentă, excepțională prin modul de surprindere a modurilor paradoxale de afirmare a geniului matematic, m-a făcut să cad pe gânduri mai mult decât înainte. Este relativ, recentă; doar eu am descoperit-o tardiv. Este vorba de Omul care a cunoscut infinitul (The Man Who Knew Infinity), operă cinematografică ce pune în scenă acțiunea din opera omonimă a scriitorului Robert Kanigel, roman publicat în 1991. Filmul, realizat în Regatul Unit al Marii Britanii, a fost difuzat prima oară în 2015 și pare a îmbina convenabil aspectul documentar pe seama vieții și desăvârșirii științifice a matematicianului hindus Srinivasa Ramanujan, cu exigențele specifice unei opere artistice. Aproape întreaga acțiune se petrece în jurul campusului Universității Cambridge din Anglia, mai precis, la Trinity College, acolo unde ilustrul profesor al timpului (final de Belle Époque, prim Război Mondial și ”început de eră nouă”...), Godfrey Harold Hardy, a avut curajul de-a-l fi invitat pe ”neșcolarizatul”, dincolo de gimnaziu, matematician intuitiv, ”poet” al matematicilor superioare (partițiile întregului, estimarea funcției π(x), sume trigonometrice, numerele lui Bernoulli, etc.) Ramanujan, din pauperul Madras spre a-i deveni colaborator și, finalmente, coleg atât în Royal Society of Mathematics, cât, premiu suprem, la Trinity College.
Spiritul autodidact al acestui fiu sărac de brahman ortodox din statul indian Tamil (în fapt, din localitatea Erode), memoria sa uluitoare și intuiția pusă, precum Socrate, pe seama unui Geniu bun, a unui Daemon protector al minții, în cazul nostru, pe seama zeiței brahmane ”personale”, tribale, un soi de Lar orașului (Namagiri sau Namakkal) și al casei sale, Namagiri Thayan, ei bine, toate acestea au determinat apariția unor formule matematice ce sunt, astăzi, utilizate în studierea comportamentului cosmic al găurilor negre ...
Noi nu cerem protecția și inspirația larilor și a penaților Casei noastre, Europa, pentru a demonstra necesitatea perpetuării spiritului propriu Spațiului Schengen, până la totala-i difuziune în întregul teritoriu aparținând Uniunii Europene. De altfel, fără a apela, necesarmente, la biografia lui Srinivasa Ramanujan, la urma urmei, i-am fi putut acorda mai mult credit lui Henri Bergson și intuiționismului pe care acest european l-a promovat ca izvor particular de cunoaștere filozofică și tot la rezultatul acesta favorabil propriei noastre intuiții despre caracterul benefic al Spațiului Schengen în timpuri excepționale, de gravă restriște, cred că am fi ajuns...
Ne vom încrede însă, mai mult, în demonstrațiile utile ale fondatorilor acestui spațiu ce-a făcut, mult timp obiect al reveriilor lor, dar și pe întrezăritele necesități practice de-a combate împreună, nu în mod izolat, efectele acestei prime pandemii planetare determinată de misteriosul Covid-19...
*
* *
A) Textes juridiques et pensée juridique.
La pensée juridique
a) des écoles de pensées juridiques notamment l’école du droit organique et l’interprétation de la norme juridique
b) l’élaboration de la norme
II. AUJOURD’HUI DES CHIFFRES
A) L’entrée des méthodes quantitatives dans les prétoires
a) carrière des juges
b) chiffres et fonctionnement des tribunaux
B) Vider les prétoires
a) rationalisation
b) éloigner le justiciable des tribunaux
Conclusion : Une société sans juge et sans juristes mais aussi sans démocratie
Eritis sicut Dii scientes bonum et malum! (Septuaginta. Genesis)
Résumé
Pollicitatio (onis) comme substantif commun, signifie une offre, c’est à dire, promettre quelque chose, proposition, s’engager à faire quelque chose... Sa racine lexicale se trouve aussi dans le verbe indo-européen polliceor, offrir par promesses... Ayant en vue la force agressive des promesses en vain de la part des forces politiques d’aujourd’hui, un éclaircissement romain classique est plus que nécessaire. C’est assez logique à soutenir, presque sans aucune réserve, que, selon les mots d’Oxenstierna : La facilité à faire des promesses et la difficulté de les tenir sont presque inséparables... C’est juste la conception de Rousseau qui complète cette belle phrase, en disant : Le plus lent à promettre est toujours le plus fidèle à tenir...
* * *
Eritis sicut Dii scientes bonum et malum! (Septuaginta. Genesis)
Résumé
Pollicitatio (onis) comme substantif commun, signifie une offre, c’est à dire, promettre quelque chose, proposition, s’engager à faire quelque chose... Sa racine lexicale se trouve aussi dans le verbe indo-européen polliceor, offrir par promesses... Ayant en vue la force agressive des promesses en vain de la part des forces politiques d’aujourd’hui, un éclaircissement romain classique est plus que nécessaire. C’est assez logique à soutenir, presque sans aucune réserve, que, selon les mots d’Oxenstierna : La facilité à faire des promesses et la difficulté de les tenir sont presque inséparables... C’est juste la conception de Rousseau qui complète cette belle phrase, en disant : Le plus lent à promettre est toujours le plus fidèle à tenir...
* * *
Abstract
“Should a tomato, designated by botanists as a fruit, nonetheless be considered a vegetable? Speaking of food and meaning, in a contract that makes the term “sandwich” legally decisive, should a burrito be considered a sandwich, or is it something different? (Brian G. Slocum, Ordinary Meaning. A Theory of the Most Fundamental Principle of Legal Interpretation)”
Textul de mai sus reprezintă (pre)textul ce-a ocazionat reflecția-mi de față asupra sensului contextual ca metodă de interpretare în common law, o metodă ce-a inspirat și instanțele europene în opera permanentă de hermeneutică juridică și de transpunere, grație translatorilor, în convingătoare forme juridice, purtătoare de autoritate, dar și de prestigiu, prin sapiență și comprehensivitate.
Acest (pre)text face parte dintr-o sumă de excerptae pe care le-am utilizat într-un exordium vizând așa-numita Ordinary Meaning Doctrine, cu un veritabil epitom al ei într-o decizie a Curții Supreme a Statelor Unite, din 1893, în cazul Nix versus Hedden , și cu fastidioasele explicații teoretice din recentul opus publicat de profesorul Brian G. Slocum de la University of the Pacific, Sacramento, California, în literatura academică din Chicago, surse de noetică juridică ce-ar putea explica un canon interpretativ din common law, aculturat și-n dreptul european, operă a lui Karl N. Llewellyn (marea somitate ilustrând curentul hermeneutic american dominant, legal realism, din secolul trecut de la University of Chicago Law School) , și anume: ”Principiu: Cuvintele se interpretează în sensul lor obişnuit, mai puţin termenii tehnici sau termenii de specialitate (Ordinary Meaning Doctrine, n.m.). Excepție: Termenii obişnuiţi pot primi un înţeles tehnic, iar termenii tehnici pot avea o semnificaţie obişnuită; ei trebuie interpretaţi astfel încât să fie în concordanţă cu scopul manifest al legii sau astfel încât să asigure efectivitatea legii.” (Valentin Constantin, "Doctrină şi jurisprudenţă internaţională", publicat de autor în anul 2004; vezi infra).
Donc, je me trouve ici, dans l’ancienne Colonia Flavia Aelia Scupi, capitale de la Dardania (racine de la tribue Dardanus, conectée à la famille d’Enée...), colognie créée par Domitianus, renforcée par Hadrianus, et mentenue par la reforme administrative du Diocletianus...
On peut trouver, dans le droit romain classique, entre le principe de la stabilité contractuelle, Pacta sunt servanda, et celui-là de l’interprétation plus humaine et rationnelle du consentement, intégrant les fluctuations de l’ « écosystème » contractuel, Rebus sic standibus, une grande marge herméneutique qui a fait décoller la propension des juges romains vers les valeurs juridiques humanistes (avant la lettre), comme,exempli gratia, bona fides et aequitas, ou, plutôt vers la compréhension des caprices de la vie sous une Némésis imaginaire.
Tout cela avait déterminé une plus grande flexibilité devant l’imprévision qu’auparavant (par rapport à l’Ancienne époque assez formaliste et légaliste). Par la force de la raison, sous le bouclier d’une Minerve aussi imaginaire, le juge a pu expérimenter le caractère assez humain du principe de Cornelius Gallus : Plus ratio quam vis valere solet en l’adaptant à l’herméneutique juridique du consentement contractuel.
*
* *
Rezumat
În ceea ce privește fabula, aparent gen literar minor, deplâns de Paul Valéry ca fiind doar obiect de contemplație istorică, intersecția culturii juridice cu spiritul sapiențial, moral și literar al poporului se mărește considerabil; atât de mult, încât devine reper științific prețios în emergenta etnologie juridică înfrățită cu sociologia juridică, cu antropologia juridică și cu folclorul juridic . În modul cel mai serios, chiar dacă, nu-i așa, cu arme hazlii și caricaturizante, cu spirit șăgalnic și isteț, fabula decriptează propensiunea unui popor pentru adevăr și justiție sau, dimpotrivă, fatalism gregar față de viciile ce corup psihologic și moral națiunea. Rolul ei este didactic. Tinerii juriști ar deveni înnobilați științific și cultural dacă ar prelua cazuistica, ”spețele”, din fabule... Sau dacă, maeștrii lor i-ar ghida către asocierea sobrei cazuistici cu spiritul ghiduș și fabulatoriu al judecătorului sapient...
***
Cuvinte cheie
Etnologie juridică, fabulă, moravuri judiciare, propensiune pentru justiție, morala publică, decadență juridică și morală, Alecu Donici judecător, Alecu Donici fabulist
***
Motto: Beati pacifici, quoniam filii Dei vocabuntur
Abstract
The memorable expressions employing philosophical and moral-legal concepts on the human forms of Nations’ treasure of wisdom frequently are the apophthegmatic sources of ideas which guide us, without many explanations and without delay, to the most appreciated science of life. They are the un-dogmatic breviaries of a complex science, that of "our passage through world".
Being sources of wisdom and high spirit, the sentences or proverbs, the fables, all together answers the need for a constant-freshness justification of our choices and preferences.
When we choose to identify ourselves in the sacramental Throne of Justice, in its ontological principles, we have to meet many forms shaped by a whole symphony of Christian influences on the Danubian and Carpathian life. This peculiar type of social life with its philosophical, theological and legal requirements, in the universal spirit which must govern the Act of Justice, is very often similar to that disclosed by the Ancestors.
It’s a non-tribalistic system, an organic and praetorian class of rights, jurisprudentially dedicated to find the equitable way in order to reach the best legal solutions in the private law litigations.
Mutatis mutatis, this system tries to respond, avant la lettre, to St. Vincentius Lerinensis’ (Vincent de Lérins) three criteria separating truth and untruth (veritas & error): (...) quod ubique, quod semper, quod ab omnibus creditum est ...
* * *
Keywords: universalism; equity, praetorian law, jurisprudence, legalism, Roman classical law, civil law, common law
It’s a non-tribalistic system, an organic and praetorian class of rights, jurisprudentially dedicated to find the equitable way in order to reach the best legal solutions in the private law litigations. Mutatis mutatis, this system tries to respond, avant la lettre, to the Vincent de Lérins three criteria separating truth and untruth (veritas & error): Quod ubique, quod semper, quod ab omnibus creditum est...