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    Hematinics BPT

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    This document discusses drugs used to treat anemias. It covers the different types of blood cells, factors essential for red blood cell production like iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid. It describes anemia as low hemoglobin levels and its symptoms. The main types covered are iron deficiency anemia, megaloblastic anemia, and pernicious anemia. Treatment options for different anemias include oral and parenteral iron preparations, vitamin B12 injections or supplements, and folic acid. Aplastic anemia and hemolytic anemia are also summarized.

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    Hematinics BPT

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    799 views17 pages
    This document discusses drugs used to treat anemias. It covers the different types of blood cells, factors essential for red blood cell production like iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid. It describes anemia as low hemoglobin levels and its symptoms. The main types covered are iron deficiency anemia, megaloblastic anemia, and pernicious anemia. Treatment options for different anemias include oral and parenteral iron preparations, vitamin B12 injections or supplements, and folic acid. Aplastic anemia and hemolytic anemia are also summarized.

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    This document discusses drugs used to treat anemias. It covers the different types of blood cells, factors essential for red blood cell production like iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid. It describes anemia as low hemoglobin levels and its symptoms. The main types covered are iron deficiency anemia, megaloblastic anemia, and pernicious anemia. Treatment options for different anemias include oral and parenteral iron preparations, vitamin B12 injections or supplements, and folic acid. Aplastic anemia and hemolytic anemia are also summarized.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt
    799 views17 pages

    Hematinics BPT

    Uploaded by

    bpt2
    This document discusses drugs used to treat anemias. It covers the different types of blood cells, factors essential for red blood cell production like iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid. It describes anemia as low hemoglobin levels and its symptoms. The main types covered are iron deficiency anemia, megaloblastic anemia, and pernicious anemia. Treatment options for different anemias include oral and parenteral iron preparations, vitamin B12 injections or supplements, and folic acid. Aplastic anemia and hemolytic anemia are also summarized.

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    of 17

    DRUGS USED TO TREAT

    ANEMIAS:HEMATINICS

    Dr.SYED SHEHNAZ
    ILYAS,M.D.
    BLOOD COMPONENTS
    PLASMA
    Liquid part of blood
    Contains proteins essential for
    immune response &blood clotting
    FORMED ELEMENTS OF THE BLOOD
    LEUKOCYTES (WBCS): Part of the
    immune system
    ERYTHROCYTES (RBCS): Carry oxygen
    to the tissues and remove carbon
    dioxide
    FACTORS ESSENTIAL FOR
    ERYTHROPOESIS
    ADEQUATE AMOUNTS OF IRON
    Form hemoglobin –for oxygen
    MINUTE AMOUNTS OF VIT.B12 &
    FOLIC ACID
    ESSENTIAL AMINO ACID &
    CARBOHYDRATE
    To complete the hemoglobin rings,
    cell membrane, and basic
    structure
    ANEMIA

    ↓ Concentration Of haemoglobin in
    blood
    Symptoms of fatigue, pallor,
    dizziness, exertional dyspnea (∵of
    tissue hypoxia)
    Cardiovascular adaptations to
    chronic anemia—tachycardia,
    increased cardiac output,
    vasodilation
    TYPES OF ANEMIA
    IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
    Deficiency of iron
    Hypochromic, microcytic anaemia
    (small red cells with low Hb)
    MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA
    Deficiency of folic acid /vitamin B12
    Macrocytic anaemia (large
    R.B.C,↓Number)
    PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
    No intrinsic factor :vitamin b12 not
    IRON DEFICENCY
    ANEMIA
    Deficient synthesis of Hb Due to lack
    of iron
    HYPOCHROMIC MICROCYTIC ANEMIA
    In adults most common cause : blood
    loss(menses,labour)
    IRON ABSORPTION
    Animal foods iron is better absrbed
    Iron is absorbed from brush border of
    upper part of small Intestine
    FACTORS AFFECTING IRON ABSORPTION
    Only ferrous form absorbed (ferric
    converted to ferrous form by acids)
    ↑ ABSORBTION: Acids, reducing agents
    (vit.C, succinate), meat, Fe Deficiency
    ↓ABSORBTION :Alkalies, antacids,
    phosphorus, phytates, tetracyclines
    surgeries (partial gastrectomy,
    infectious diseases, malabsorption
    syndrome
    IRON DISTRIBUTION
    TRANSPORT
    Bound to transferrin: β-
    globulin
    STORAGE
    Complexed with
    apoferritin (AF) and
    stored as ferritin in
    R.E.Cells, bone
    Marrow Hepatocytes
    As heme-in Hb of
    RBC, myglobin &
    cytoch. Oxidase
    enzymes
    IRON ELIMINATION

    Exfoliation of intestinal
    mucosal cells
    Trace amounts are excreted in
    bile, urine, and sweat.
    Total loss of iron is 1 mg/day
    IRON PREPARATIONS
    ORAL PREPARATIONS
    Ferrous fumarate (elemental Fe 66 mg
    Ferrous gluconate (elemntl Fe 36mg)
    Ferrous sulfate (elemental Fe 65 mg)    
    ADVERSE EFFECTS
    Nausea, vomiting, staining teeth,
    Metallic taste, heart burn,
    Constipation (astringent effect)
    Diarrhea (irritant effect)
    IRON PREPARATIONS

    PARENTERAL PREPARATIONS
    20 – 40 mL Iron dextran deep
    I.M/I.V.
    Iron sorbitol citric acid complex
    ADVERSE EFFECTS
    Pain, pigmentation skin, sterile
    abcess
    Fever, headache, Palpitation, chest
    MEGALOBLASTIC
    ANEMIA
    Deficient synthesis of Hb Due to
    • Lack of Vit B12
    • Folic acid
    • Both
    Macrocytic anemia+ leukopenia or
    thrombocytopenia or both
    Hypercellular bone Marrow With ↑
    megaloblastic erythroid & other
    precursor cells.
    VITAMIN B12

    Available as cyanocobalamin
    hydroxycobalamin.
    Source: microbial synthesis
    Not synthesized By plants or
    animals
    Chief dietary source is
    microbially derived Vitamin B12
    in meat (liver), eggs, dairy
    products and legumes.
    VIT.B12:PHARMACOKINETI
    Vit B12+intrinsic CS
    Factor
    (Stomach parietal
    cell R. On distal
    ileum
    Active absorption
     Transport in
    blood:
    transcobalamin II
    Stored in liver
    Trace amount
    R:GASTRIC BINDING lost
    PROTEIN,
    Cbl: COBALOMIN, IF;INTRINSIC FACTOR,TCII:TRANSCOBALOMIN II
    VITAMIN B12
    DEFICIENCY
    SYMPTOMS OF DEFICIENCY
    Megaloblastic anemia
    Neurologic syndrome :paresthesias
    spasticity, ataxia,neuritis
    TREATMENT
    Vitamin B12:I.M Injection given life
    long
    ADVERSE EFFECTS:
    Hypokalemia and hypersensitivity
    FOLIC ACID
    (PTEROYLGLUTAMIC
    ACID)
    Richest source is yeast, liver kidney
    and green vegetables.
    Involved in DNA synthesis
    SYMPTOMS OF DEFICIENCY
    Megaloblastic anemia
    Glossitis, diarrhea, weight Loss,
    debility
    TREATMENT:Folic acid 1 mG/Day
    OTHER USES: Prevention of fetal
    APLASTIC &HEMOLYTIC
    ANEMIA
    APASTIC ANEMIA
    • Due to drugs: total lack of all hemopoetic
    cells
    • Stop the drug involved in aplastic anemia
    HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
    • Due to genetic problems
    Rx FOR BOTH ANEMIAS
    • Blood transfusion
    • Corticosteroids
    • May use iron, Vitamin B12 & folic acid

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