Zizek Disscussion Paper

Contention 1 Proliferation
Iran will reach critical capacity by 2014 Now is key to stop

proliferation
Albright Et Al 2013, David Albright President, Institute for Science and
International Security Mark Dubowitz Executive Director, Foundation for Defense of

Democracies, Orde Kittrie Professor of Law, Sandra Day OConnor College of Law,
Arizona State University Leonard Spector Deputy Director, James Martin Center for
Nonproliferation Studies, Monterey Institute of International Studies Michael Yaffe
Professor, Near East South Asia Center for Strategic Studies, National Defense
University, U.S. Nonproliferation Strategy for the changing Middle East, The Project
on U.S. Middle East Nonproliferation Strategy January 2013, Washington, D.C. isisonline.org/uploads/isis-reports/documents/FinalReport.pdf
Based on the current plan on the basis , that Iran is likely to reach critical capability
in mid-2014. Given these uncertainties and recognizing Prime Minister Netanyahus more accelerated timeline,
we believe that the intensification of sanctions we recommend needs to begin as rapidly as possible.
Iranian proliferation ensures a rapid destabilization of the

Middle East and Saudi proliferation
Edelman Et Al 2011, Edelman, Eric S., Krepinevich, Andrew F., Montgomery,
Evan Braden, Foreign Affairs, 00157120, Jan/Feb2011, Vol. 90, Issue 1 The Dangers
of a Nuclear Iran Ebsco
The reports of the Congressional Commission on the Strategic Posture of the United States and the Commission on
the Prevention of Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferation and Terrorism, as well as other analyses, have
highlighted the risk that
a nuclear -armed Iran
against its chief rival, India.
Most likely scenario for escalation

Horowitz 2009, Michael, Department of Political Science at the University of
Pennsylvania, The Spread of Nuclear Weapons and International Conflict, Journal
of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 53, No. 2, April
Learning as preferences of the adopter.
Their deterrence evidence doesnt assume the Middle East

Saudi proliferation would escalate to full-scale nuclear war
Edelman Krepinevich and Montgomery 2011, Eric, Andrew, and Evan,
Foreign Affairs, The Dangers of NATO a Nuclear Iran Subtitle: The Limits of
Containment, Lexis
Were Saudi Arabia with unpredictable consequences.
Iranian proliferation causes conflict with Israel

Edelman Et Al 2011, Edelman, Eric S., Krepinevich, Andrew F., Montgomery,
Evan Braden, Foreign Affairs, 00157120, Jan/Feb2011, Vol. 90, Issue 1 The Dangers
of a Nuclear Iran Ebsco
Given Israel's
competition would be unstable.
That escalates to full scale war

Adamsky 2011, Dima Adamsky is an Assistant Professor at the Lauder School of
Government, Diplomacy, and Strategy at the Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya and
the author of The Culture of Military Innovation. The scenarios discussed here are
speculative and do not represent the views of any official in the Israeli government,
Foreign affairs, march april 2011, lexis
The insecurity generated by a nuclear
current deterrence models
Extinction
Moore 2009, Carole, author, activist, leader of Libertarians for Peace, Israeli
Nuclear Threats and Blackmail,
http://www.carolmoore.net/nuclearwar/israelithreats.html
The phrase the Samson Option is used to destroy the world . The ultimate justice?"[39]
Contention 2 SOP
Statutory restriction on executive war-making toward Iran
solves separation of powers. The constitution gives congress
war-making authority
Bandow 2012, Doug Bandow is a senior fellow at the Cato Institute. A former
Special Assistant to President Ronald Reagan, he is the author and editor of several
books, including The Politics of Plunder: Misgovernment in Washington, Attack Iran?
Ask Congress to Declare War, The American Spector, It is time to end the era of
executive war-making, spectator.org/archives/2012/01/04/attack-iran-ask-congressto-de
Declarations of war executive war-making.
Congress is key Only statuary limitations restrict the

presidents authority and redistribute power
Capito 2007, Charles L., Wash & Lee L. Reve. 297, 2007, Inadequate Checks and
Balances: Critiquing the Imbalance of Power in Arms Export Regulation?,
flaw.wlu.edu/deptimages/Law%20Review/64-1%20Capito%20Note.pdf
B. A
Congressional Solution authority in foreign relations.25
Separation of Powers is essential to Hegemony Democratic

institutions produce credibility better
Ikenberry 2001, John G. Ikenberry is the Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics
and International Affairs at Princeton University in the Department of Politics and
the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs. He is also CoDirector of Princetons Center for International Security Studies. Ikenberry is also a
Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University in Seoul, Korea. In 2013-2014
Ikenberry will be the 72nd Eastman Visiting Professor at Balliol College, Oxford. The
National Interest, Getting Hegemon Right,
www.columbia.edu/itc/sipa/U6800/readings-sm/Ikenberry_Hegemony.pdf
First,
America's mature political interests of the United States.
U.S. withdrawal would leave behind a power vacuum, spurring

terrorism, economic turmoil and multiple nuclear wars.
Ferguson 2004, Niall, July/August , A World Without Power, Foreign Policy,
Issue 143
So what is left?
Waning empires. Religious revivals. -new world disorder
Even small violations of separation of powers must be avoided

like nuclear war risks
Redish and Cisar 1991, Professor of law at Northwestern and Law Clerk to
Chief Judge William Bauer, United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit, Martin H.
and Elizabeth J., December 1991, IF ANGELS WERE TO GOVERN" *: the Need for
Pragmatic Formalism in Separation of Powers Theory ,1992 Duke Law Journal, 41
Duke L.J. 449, p. 474
no defender of separation of powers can prove with certitude
that, but for the existence of separation of powers, tyranny would be the inevitable
outcome. But the question is whether we wish to take that risk, given the
obvious severity of the harm that might result. Given both the relatively
limited cost imposed by use of separation of powers and the great
In summary,
severity of the harm sought to be avoided , one should not demand a

great showing of the likelihood that the feared harm would result. For just
as in the case of the threat of nuclear war, no one wants to be forced into the position of
saying, I told you so.
Congress checking Obamas war-making authority in Iran is

essential to check a presidential monopoly of power
Kalb and and OHanlon 2013, Marvin Kalb, Nonresident Senior Fellow,
Foreign Policy, Marvin Kalb focuses on the impact of media on public policy and
politics. He is also an expert in national security, with a focus on U.S. relations with
Russia, Europe and the Middle East. His most recent book is The Road to War:
Presidential Commitments Honored and Betrayed, available May 10, 2013 from
Brookings Institution Press, Director of Research, Foreign Policy, Senior Fellow,
Foreign Policy, Center for 21st Century Security and Intelligence, Michael OHanlon
specializes in national security and defense policy and is senior author of the Iraq
and Afghanistan Index, projects. Before joining Brookings, O'Hanlon worked as a
national security analyst at the Congressional Budget Office. His current research
agenda includes military strategy and technology, Northeast Asia, U.S. Central
Command, and defense budgets, among other defense/security issues, an
opportunity for Congress on the Road to War with Iran, States News Service,
WASHINGTON, DC, and Brookings Institution
[Editor's Note: Our Brookings colleagues Marvin Kalb and Michael O'Hanlon published an oped on
Congress to be a presidential monopoly.
the role of
Contention 4 Solvency
Plan: The United States federal government should increase
statutory restrictions on the war powers authority of the
President in the area of introducing Armed Forces into
hostilities with the Islamic Republic of Iran.
The plan nullifies the authority to attack Iran, established
broadly by statutes in 2001 and 2002
Ritter 2007, Scott Ritter, a former Marine intelligence officer, served as a chief
weapons inspector for the United Nations in Iraq from 1991 to 1998, 27 December
2007. Stop The Iran War Before It Starts, http://www.countercurrents.org/iranritter270107.htm
If hearings show no case for war with Iran, then Congress
President through
command.
Removing the presidents threat of force strengthens the

diplomatic track toward Iran The threat of force only
damages diplomacy
Luers Et All 2013, William Luers, Director of the Iran Project; Iris Beiri, The iran
Project Coordinator, and Priscilla Lewis, editor for the Iran Project, Thomas R.
Pickering, Jim Walsh of MIR and Stephen Hentz of Rockefeller Brother Fund, The Iran
Project is a Non-Government Organization that seeks to Improve Official Contacts
between the United States and Iranian Governments, Founded in 2002 b the United
Nations Association of the USA, The Iran Project, strategic Options for Iran:
Balancing Pressure with Dipomacy, pg 41-42,
http://www.scribd.com/doc/136389836/Strategic-Options-for-Iran-BalancingPressure-with-Diplomacy#fullscreen
Strengthening The Diplomatic consider any offer, and more the
President will be under pressure to use military force.
IV.
Strengthened diplomacy is critical to prevent Iranian

proliferation. Rapprochement is essential
Mahfouz 2009, Melissa March 25 2009 Iran & Obama Rapprochement,
http://www.ivorytowerz.com/2009/03/iran-obamas-rapprochement.html
President Barack Obamas reinvigorated diplomatic efforts with Iran are leading to a much-needed restoration of
U.S. credibility. Despite the criticism that the Obama administration is reaching out to a belligerent and
fundamentalist regime,
the fact remains
together comes to a political fruition.
The plan spurs future diplomacy This ensures no more

proliferation
Al-Ahram 2013, Al-Ahram Weekly, Negotiating with Iran, August 22,
http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/News/2171/19/Negotiating-with-Iran.aspx
The sanctions have guarantee , and this cannot be gained unless
The plan would work best prevents proliferation and

encourages peaceful integration into the multilateral system
Dobbins 2012, James, former Assistant Secretary of State and now directs the
International Security and Defense Policy Center at the Rand Corporation, Coping
with a Nuclearising Iran, Survival, Vol 53, No 6
By contrast, a policy of pure containment
it sits down with the US, however painful that may be.
escalation is high.
Failure to engage Iran in diplomacy motivates Irans nuclear

policy and makes war inevitable Current US policy is the
driving force behind Iran proliferation efforts
Parsi 2006, Trita the co-founder and current president of the National Iranian
American Council, a non-profit educational organization) May 8 2006 The United
States Double vision in Iran, Open Democracy,
http://www.opendemocracy.net/democracy-iran_war/double-vision_3518.jsp
For the last five years,
tantamount to choosing war.

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Contention 1 Proliferation

Iran will reach critical capacity by 2014 Now is key to stop

International Security Mark Dubowitz Executive Director, Foundation for Defense of

Iranian proliferation ensures a rapid destabilization of the

a nuclear -armed Iran

against its chief rival, India.

Most likely scenario for escalation

Their deterrence evidence doesnt assume the Middle East

Were Saudi Arabia with unpredictable consequences.

Iranian proliferation causes conflict with Israel

competition would be unstable.

That escalates to full scale war

current deterrence models

Congress is key Only statuary limitations restrict the

Congressional Solution authority in foreign relations.25

Separation of Powers is essential to Hegemony Democratic

America's mature political interests of the United States.

U.S. withdrawal would leave behind a power vacuum, spurring

Waning empires. Religious revivals. -new world disorder

Even small violations of separation of powers must be avoided

severity of the harm sought to be avoided , one should not demand a

Congress checking Obamas war-making authority in Iran is

Congress to be a presidential monopoly.

Removing the presidents threat of force strengthens the

Strengthened diplomacy is critical to prevent Iranian

the fact remains

together comes to a political fruition.

The plan spurs future diplomacy This ensures no more

The plan would work best prevents proliferation and

Failure to engage Iran in diplomacy motivates Irans nuclear

tantamount to choosing war.

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