2001 Usnco Exam Part I

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2001 U. S.

NATIONAL
CHEMISTRY OLYMPIAD
NATIONAL EXAMPART I
Prepared by the American Chemical Society Olympiad Examinations Task Force

OLYMPIAD EXAMINATIONS TASK FORCE


Arden P. Zipp, State University of New York, Cortland, NY
Chair
Jo A. Beran, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, TX
Peter E. Demmin (retired), Amherst Central High School, NY
Edward DeVillafranca (retired), Kent School, CT
Dianne H. Earle, Paul M. Dorman High School, SC
Alice Johnsen, Bellaire High School, TX
Patricia A. Metz, United States Naval Academy, MD
Ronald O. Ragsdale, University of Utah, UT
Diane D. Wolff, Western Virginia Community College, VA
DIRECTIONS TO THE EXAMINERPART I
Part I of this test is designed to be taken with a Scantron answer sheet on which the student records his or her responses. Only this
Scantron sheet is graded for a score on Part I. Testing materials, scratch paper, and the Scantron sheet should be made available to the
student only during the examination period. All testing materials including scratch paper should be turned in and kept secure until
April 22, 2001, after which tests can be returned to students and their teachers for further study.
Allow time for the student to read the directions, ask questions, and fill in the requested information on the Scantron sheet. The answer
sheet must be completed using a pencil, not pen. When the student has completed Part I, or after one hour and thirty minutes has
elapsed, the student must turn in the Scantron sheet, Part I of the testing materials, and all scratch paper.
There are three parts to the National Olympiad Examination. You have the option of administering the three parts in any order, and
you are free to schedule rest-breaks between parts.
Part I
Part II
Part III

60 questions
8 questions
2 lab problems

single-answer multiple-choice
problem-solving, explanations
laboratory practical

1 hour, 30 minutes
1 hour, 45 minutes
1 hour, 30 minutes

A periodic table and other useful information are provided on page 2 for student reference. Students should be permitted to use nonprogrammable calculators.
DIRECTIONS TO THE EXAMINEEPART I
DO NOT TURN THE PAGE UNTIL DIRECTED TO DO SO. Answers to questions in Part I must be entered on a Scantron
answer sheet to be scored. Be sure to write your name on the answer sheet; an ID number is already entered for you. Make a record
of this ID number because you will use the same number on both Parts II and III. Each item in Part I consists of a question or an
incomplete statement that is followed by four possible choices. Select the single choice that best answers the question or completes the
statement. Then use a pencil to blacken the space on your answer sheet next to the same letter as your choice. You may write on the
examination, but the test booklet will not be used for grading. Scores are based on the number of correct responses. When you
complete Part I (or at the end of one hour and 30 minutes), you must turn in all testing materials, scratch paper, and your Scantron
answer sheet. Do not forget to turn in your U.S. citizenship statement before leaving the testing site today.
Not valid for use as an USNCO National Exam after April 22, 2001.
Distributed by the ACS DivCHED Examinations Institute, Clemson University, Clemson, SC. All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.

amount of substance
ampere
atmosphere
atomic mass unit
atomic molar mass
Avogadro constant
Celsius temperature
centi- prefix
coulomb
electromotive force
energy of activation
enthalpy
entropy

ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS


n equilibrium constant
K measure of pressure mmHg
A Faraday constant
F milli- prefix
m
atm formula molar mass
M molal
m
u free energy
G molar
M
A frequency
mole
mol
N A gas constant
R Plancks constant
h
C gram
g pressure
P
c heat capacity
C p rate constant
k
C hour
h retention factor
Rf
E joule
J second
s
Ea kelvin
K speed of light
c
H kilo- prefix
k temperature, K
T
S liter
L time
t
volt
V

E =E

USEFUL EQUATIONS
H 1
ln K =
+c
R T

RT
lnQ
nF

CONSTANTS
R = 8.314 Jmol 1K1
R = 0.0821 Latmmol 1K1
1 F = 96,500 Cmol 1
1 F = 96,500 JV1mol1
N A = 6.022 10 23 mol1
h = 6.626 10 34 Js
c = 2.998 10 8 ms 1

k 2 Ea 1 1
=

k1 R T1 T2

ln

PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS


1
H

2
He

1.008

4.003

3
Li

4
Be

5
B

6
C

7
N

8
O

9
F

10
Ne

6.941

9.012

10.81

12.01

14.01

16.00

19.00

20.18

11
Na

12
Mg

13
Al

14
Si

15
P

16
S

17
Cl

18
Ar

22.99

24.31

26.98

28.09

30.97

32.07

35.45

39.95

19
K

20
Ca

21
Sc

22
Ti

23
V

24
Cr

25
Mn

26
Fe

27
Co

28
Ni

29
Cu

30
Zn

31
Ga

32
Ge

33
As

34
Se

35
Br

36
Kr

39.10

40.08

44.96

47.88

50.94

52.00

54.94

55.85

58.93

58.69

63.55

65.39

69.72

72.61

74.92

78.96

79.90

83.80

37
Rb

38
Sr

39
Y

40
Zr

41
Nb

42
Mo

43
Tc

44
Ru

45
Rh

46
Pd

47
Ag

48
Cd

49
In

50
Sn

51
Sb

52
Te

53
I

54
Xe

85.47

87.62

88.91

91.22

92.91

95.94

(98)

101.1

102.9

106.4

107.9

112.4

114.8

118.7

121.8

127.6

126.9

131.3

55
Cs

56
Ba

57
La

72
Hf

73
Ta

74
W

75
Re

76
Os

77
Ir

78
Pt

79
Au

80
Hg

81
Tl

82
Pb

83
Bi

84
Po

85
At

86
Rn

132.9

137.3

138.9

178.5

181.0

183.8

186.2

190.2

192.2

195.1

197.0

200.6

204.4

207.2

209.0

(209)

(210)

(222)

87
Fr

88
Ra

89
Ac

104
Rf

105
Db

106
Sg

107
Bh

108
Hs

109
Mt

110

111

112

114

116

118

(223)

226.0

227.0

(261)

(262)

(263)

(262)

(265)

(266)

(269)

(272)

(277)

(289)

(289)

(293)

Page 2

58
Ce

59
Pr

60
Nd

61
Pm

62
Sm

63
Eu

64
Gd

65
Tb

66
Dy

67
Ho

68
Er

69
Tm

70
Yb

71
Lu

140.1

140.9

144.2

(145)

150.4

152.0

157.3

158.9

162.5

164.9

167.3

168.9

173.0

175.0

90
Th

91
Pa

92
U

93
Np

94
Pu

95
Am

96
Cm

97
Bk

98
Cf

99
Es

100
Fm

101
Md

102
No

103
Lr

232.0

231.0

238.0

237.0

(244)

(243)

(247)

(247)

(251)

(252)

(257)

(258)

(259)

(260)

Not valid for use as a USNCO National Exam after April 22, 2001.

DIRECTIONS
When you have selected your answer to each question, blacken the corresponding space on the answer sheet using a soft, #2
pencil. Make a heavy, full mark, but no stray marks. If you decide to change an answer, erase the unwanted mark very carefully.
You may write on the test booklet, but it will not be used for grading.
There is only one correct answer to each question. Any questions for which more than one response has been blackened will not
be counted.
Your score is based solely on the number of questions you answer correctly. It is to your advantage to answer every question.
1. Which of these compounds is amphoteric?
I. Al(OH)3
II. Ba(OH)2
III. Zn(OH)2

7. What is the purpose of this


apparatus?
water out

(A) I only

(B) II only

(C) I and III only

(D) II and III only

2. Calcium hydride reacts with excess water to form


(A) CaO and H2

(B) Ca(OH)2 and O 2

(C) Ca(OH)2 only

(D) Ca(OH)2 and H 2

3. What is the most likely


boiling point of an
equimolar mixture of
hexane, C6H14, and
heptane, C7H16?

Boiling Point
C 6H14
69 C
C 7H16
98 C

(A) below 69 C

(B) between 69 and 98 C

(C) 69 C

(D) 98 C

4. Which element melts at the highest temperature?


(A) aluminum

(B) silicon

(C) phosphorus

(D) sulfur

5. Which substance participates readily in both acid-base


and oxidation-reduction reactions?
(A) Na 2CO3

(B) KOH

(C) KMnO4

(D) H2C 2O4

6. What mass of magnesium


hydroxide is required to
neutralize 125 mL of
0.136 M hydrochloric
acid solution?

Substance Molar Mass


Mg(OH)2

(A) 0.248 g

(B) 0.496 g

(C) 0.992 g

(D) 1.98 g

58.33 gmol1

water in

(A) distilling

(B) filtering

(C) refluxing

(D) titrating

8. Calculate the mass of


Substance
Molar Mass
ammonia that can be
produced from the
(NH4)2PtCl6
443.9 gmol1
decomposition of a
sample of (NH4)2PtCl6 containing 0.100 g Pt.
(A) 0.0811 g

(B) 0.0766 g

(C) 0.0175 g

(D) 0.00766 g

9. Assume 0.10 L of N2 and 0.18 L of H2, both at 50 atm


and 450 C, are reacted to form NH3. Assuming the
reaction goes to completion, identify the reagent that is
in excess and determine the volume that remains at the
same temperature and pressure.
(A) H2, 0.02 L

(B) H2, 0.08 L

(C) N2, 0.01 L

(D) N2, 0.04 L

10. Concentrated hydrochloric acid is 12.0 M and is 36.0%


hydrogen chloride by mass. What is its density?
(A) 1.22 gmL1

(B) 1.10 gmL1

(C) 1.01 gmL1

(D) 0.820 gmL1

Not valid for use as an USNCO National Examination after April 22, 2001.

Page 3

11.

C4H6O3
acetic
anhydride

C7H6O3 +
salicylic
acid

C 9H8O4 +
aspirin

C2H4O2
acetic
acid

What is the percent yield if


0.85 g of aspirin is formed
in the reaction of 1.00 g of
salicylic acid with excess
acetic anhydride?

Substance Molar Mass


C 7H6O3
C 4H6O3
C 9H8O4
C 2H4O2

138.12 gmol1
102.09 gmol1
180.15 gmol1
60.05 gmol 1

(A) 65 %

(C) 85 %

(D) 91 %

(B) 77 %

12. The triple point of CO2 occurs at 5.1 atm and 56 C. Its
critical temperature is 31 C. Solid CO2 is more dense
than liquid CO2. Under which combination of pressure
and temperature is liquid CO2 stable at equilibrium?
(A) 10 atm and 25 C

(B) 5.1 atm and 25 C

(C) 10 atm and 33 C

(D) 5.1 atm and 100 C

13. The vapor pressure of


water at 20 C is
17.54 mmHg. What will be
the vapor pressure of the
water in the apparatus
shown after the piston is
lowered, decreasing the
volume of the gas above
the liquid to one half of its
initial volume? (Assume
no temperature change.)

16. What is the average velocity of H2 molecules at 100 K


relative to their velocity at 50 K?
(A) 2.00 times the velocity at 50 K
(B) 1.41 times the velocity at 50 K
(C) 0.71 times the velocity at 50 K
(D) 0.50 times the velocity at 50 K
17. What type of semiconductor results when highly purified
silicon is doped with arsenic?
(A) ntype

(B) ptype

(C) qtype

(D) stype

18. The heat of formation of


NO from its elements is
+90 kJmol1. What is the
approximate bond
dissociation energy of the
bond in NO?

Bond
N N
O O

Bond Energy
941 kJmol 1
499 kJmol 1

(A) 630 kJmol 1

(B) 720 kJmol 1

(C) 765 kJmol 1

(D) 810 kJmol 1

water vapor

liquid water

(A) 8.77 mmHg

19. How much energy must be


supplied to change 36 g of
ice at 0 C to water at room
temperature, 25 C?

Data for Water, H2O


Hofusion 6.01 kJmol1
C P, liquid 4.18 JK 1g 1

(A) 12 kJ

(B) 16 kJ

(C) 19 kJ

(D) 22 kJ

(B) 17.54 mmHg


(C) 35.08 mmHg

20. For a process that is both endothermic and spontaneous,

(D) between 8.77 and 17.54 mmHg


14. What is the density of propane, C3H8, at 25 C and
740. mmHg?
(A) 0.509 gL 1

(B) 0.570 gL 1

(C) 1.75 gL 1

(D) 1.96 gL 1

15. An unknown gas effuses through a small hole one half as


fast as methane, CH 4, under the same conditions. What is
the molar mass of the unknown gas?

(A) H < 0

(B) G > 0

(C) E = 0

(D) S > 0

21. Consider the values for Ho (in kJmol1) and for So


(in Jmol 1K1) given for four different reactions. For
which reaction will Go increase the most (becoming
more positive) when the temperature is increased from
0 C to 25 C?
(A) Ho = 50, So = 50
(B) Ho = 90, So = 20

(A) 4 gmol 1

(B) 8 gmol 1

(C) Ho = 20, So = 50

(C) 32 gmol 1

(D) 64 gmol 1

(D) Ho = 90, So = 20

Page 4

Not valid for use as an USNCO National Examination after April 22, 2001.

22. A certain reaction is exothermic by 220 kJ and does


10 kJ of work. What is the change in the internal energy
of the system at constant temperature?
(A) +230 kJ

(B) +210 kJ

(C) 210 kJ

(D) 230 kJ

23. Fe2O3(s) + 3/2C(s) 3/2CO2(g) + 2Fe(s) Ho = +234.1 kJ


C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g)
Ho = 393.5 kJ
Use these equations and Ho values to calculate Ho for
this reaction.
4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) 2Fe2O3(s)
(A) 1648.7 kJ

(B) 1255.3 kJ

(C) 1021.2 kJ

(D) 129.4 kJ

24. A large positive value of G corresponds to which of


these?
o

27. Consider this reaction.


2NO2(g) + O3(g) N 2O5(g) + O2(g)
The reaction of nitrogen dioxide and ozone represented is
first order in NO2(g) and in O3(g). Which of these possible
reaction mechanisms is consistent with the rate law?
Mechanism I.
NO2 + O3 NO3 + O2 slow
NO3 + NO2 N2O5
fast
Mechanism II. O3 O2 + O
fast
NO2 + O NO3
NO3 + NO2 N2O5

slow
fast

(A) I only

(B) II only

(C) both I and II

(D) neither I nor II

28. When the temperature of a reaction is raised from 300 K


to 310 K, the reaction rate doubles. Determine the
activation energy, Ea , associated with the reaction.

(A) small positive K

(B) small negative K

(A) 6.45 kJmol1

(B) 23.3 kJmol1

(C) large positive K

(D) large negative K

(C) 53.6 kJmol1

(D) 178 kJmol 1

25. What names apply to


chemical species
corresponding to locations
1 and 2 on this reaction
coordinate diagram?

2
1

29. Use the experimental data in the table to determine the rate
law for this reaction.
A +B AB
These data were obtained when the reaction was studied.
[A], M
[B], M
[ AB] t molL1s1
0.100
0.200
0.300

Reaction Progress

Location 1

Location 2

0.100
0.100
0.300

2.0 104
2.0 104
1.8 103

What is the rate equation for the reaction?

(A) activated complex

activated complex

(A) rate = k [A] [B]

(B) rate = k [A]2

(B) reaction intermediate

activated complex

(C) rate = k [B]

(D) rate = k [B]2

(C) activated complex

reaction intermediate

(D) reaction intermediate

reaction intermediate

30. Which of the reactions represented in these diagrams will


show the greatest increase in rate for a given increase in
temperature?

26. Gadolinium-153, which is used to detect osteoporosis,


has a half-life of 242 days. Which value is closest to the
percentage of the Gd-153 left in a patient's system after
2 years (730 days)?
(A) 33.0 %

(B) 25.0 %

(C) 12.5 %

(D) 6.25 %

Reaction I

Reaction II

(A) Reaction I forward

(B) Reaction I reversed

(C) Reaction II forward

(D) Reaction II reversed

Not valid for use as an USNCO National Examination after April 22, 2001.

Page 5

Questions 31 and 32 should both be answered with reference


to this equilibrium system.
2NH3(g) N2(g) + 3H2(g)
K p = 80.0 at 250 C

38.

31. What is Kp for this reaction?


1/2N2(g) + 3/2H2(g) NH3(g)

Eo = 1.66 V
Eo = +0.34 V

(A) 0.0125

(B) 0.112

What voltage is produced under standard conditions by


combining the half-reactions with these Standard
Electrode Potentials?

(C) 8.94

(D) 40.0

(A) 1.32 V

32. What is the expression for Kc at 250 C for this reaction?


2NH3(g) N2(g) + 3H2(g)
(A) Kc =
(C) Kc

Kp
(RT )2
2

= K p (RT)

Kp
RT

(B) Kc

(D) Kc

= K p RT

HCOOH(aq) H+(aq) + HCOO(aq) K a = 1.7 10 4


The ionization of formic acid is represented.
Calculate [H+] of a solution initially containing
0.10 M HCOOH and 0.050 M HCOONa.

(B) 2.00 V

(C) 2.30 V

(D) 4.34 V

39. For which of these oxidation/reduction pairs will the


reduction potential vary with pH?
I. AmO22+/AmO2+ II. AmO22+/Am4+ III. Am4+/Am2+

40.
33.

Al3+(aq) + 3e Al(s)
Cu 2+(aq) +2e Cu(s)

(A) I only

(B) II only

(C) I and II only

(D) I, II, and III

2Ag+(aq) + Cu(s) Cu2+(aq) + 2Ag(s)


The standard potential for this reaction is 0.46 V. Which
change will increase the potential the most?
(A) doubling the [Ag+]
(B) halving the [Cu2+]

(A) 8.5 10 M

(B) 3.4 10 M

(C) doubling the size of the Cu(s) electrode

(C) 4.1 10 M

(D) 1.8 102 M

(D) decreasing the size of the Ag electrode by one half

5
3

34. Which are strong acids?


I. HClO3
II. H2SeO3

III. H3AsO4

(A) I only

(B) III only

(C) I and III only

(D) II and III only

35. Carbonic acid, H2CO3, is a diprotic acid for which


K 1 = 4.2 10 7 and K2 = 4.7 10 11. Which solution will
produce a pH closest to 9?
(A) 0.1 M H 2CO3

(B) 0.1 M Na2CO3

(C) 0.1 M NaHCO3

(D) 0.1 M NaHCO3 and


0.1 M Na2CO3

36. What is the pH of a saturated solution of magnesium


hydroxide, Mg(OH) 2 at 25 C? (K sp = 6.0 10 12 at 25C)
(A) 10.56

(B) 10.36

(C) 10.26

(D) 10.05

41. 10Cl(aq) + 2MnO4(aq) + 16H+(aq)


5Cl2(g) + 2Mn2+(aq) + 8H2O(l)
The value of Eo for this reaction at 25 C is 0.15 V. What
is the value of K for this reaction?
(A) 2.4 1025

(B) 4.9 1012

(C) 1.2 105

(D) 3.4 102

42. When water is electrolyzed, hydrogen and oxygen gas


are produced. If 1.008 g of H 2 is liberated at the cathode,
what mass of O2 is formed at the anode?
(A) 32.0 g

(B) 16.0 g

(C) 8.00 g

(D) 4.00 g

43. Which property of an element is most dependent on the


shielding effect?
(A) atomic number
(B) atomic mass

37.

P 4(s) + 3OH(aq) + 3H2O(l) PH 3(g) + 3H2PO2(aq)


For this reaction, the oxidizing and reducing agents are,
respectively,
(A) P 4 and OH

(B) OH and P4

(C) P 4 and H 2O

(D) P 4 and P4

Page 6

(C) atomic radius


(D) number of stable isotopes

Not valid for use as an USNCO National Examination after April 22, 2001.

44. How many unpaired electrons are present in a ground


state gaseous Ni2+ ion?
(A) 0

(B) 2

(C) 4

(D) 6

45. When the elements carbon, nitrogen and oxygen are


arranged in order of increasing ionization energies, what
is the correct order?
(A) C, N, O

(B) O, N, C

(C) N, C, O

(D) C, O, N

(A) n = 2, l = 0

(B) n = 2, l = 1

(C) n = 3, l = 0

(D) n = 3, l = 1

47. Which element will exhibit the photoelectric effect with


light of the longest wavelength?
(B) Rb

(C) Mg

(D) Ca

48. All these elements have common allotropes except


(A) C

(B) O

(C) Kr

(A) Electrons are simultaneously attracted by more than


one nucleus.
(B) Filled orbitals of two or more atoms overlap one
another.
(C) Unoccupied orbitals of two or more atoms overlap
one another.
(D) Oppositely-charged ions attract one another.

46. Given this set of quantum numbers for a multi-electron


atom: 2, 0, 0, 1 /2 and 2, 0, 0, 1 /2. What is the next
higher allowed set of n and l quantum numbers for this
atom in its ground state?

(A) K

52. Which is the best description of a covalent bond?

(D) S

53. What is the formal charge on the chlorine atom in the


oxyacid HOClO2 if it contains only single bonds?
(A) 2

(B) 1

(C) +1

(D) +2

54. Which of these compounds is not adequately represented


by a valence bond model?
I. CO2
II. SO2
III. SiO2
(A) I only

(B) II only

(C) I and III only

(D) II and III only

55. Which compound is not correctly matched with its class


name?
(A) HCOOH, acid
(B) C 6H5CHO, aldehyde
(C) C 2H5COCH3, ether
49. How many sigma and pi
bonds are shown in this
compound?

H H O
H N C C C C C H
H

56. How many toluene derivatives have the formula C7H7Cl?

(A) 8 sigma and 7 pi

(B) 8 sigma and 3 pi

(C) 11 sigma and 3 pi

(D) 11 sigma and 4 pi

50. Which reaction involves a change in the electron-pair


geometry for the underlined atom?
(A) B F 3 + F B F 4

(B) NH3 + H+ NH4+

(C) 2S O2 + O2 2 S O3

(D) H2O + H+ H3O +

51. Which compound has the largest lattice energy?


(A) NaF

(B) CsI

(C) MgO

(D) CH3CHOHCH3, secondary alcohol

(D) CaS

(A) 1

(B) 2

(C) 3

(D) 4

57. When the compounds CH 3COOH, C2H5OH and C 6H5OH


are arranged in order of increasing acidity in aqueous
solution, which order is correct?
(A) C 2H5OH < CH3COOH < C 6H5OH
(B) C 6H5OH < CH3COOH < C 2H5OH
(C) CH3COOH < C 6H5OH < C2H5OH
(D) C 2H5OH < C6H5OH < CH3COOH
58. Which can be used as a catalyst in an esterification
reaction?
I. NaOH
II. H2SO4
(A) I only

(B) II only

(C) both I and II

(D) neither I nor II

Not valid for use as an USNCO National Examination after April 22, 2001.

Page 7

59. Which term best describes a carbocation?

60. A racemic mixture has equal amounts of

(A) electrophilic

(B) free radical

(A) alkanes and alkenes.

(C) hydrophobic

(D) nucleophilic

(B) cis and trans isomers.


(C) functional group isomers.
(D) enantiomers.

END OF TEST

Page 8

Not valid for use as an USNCO National Examination after April 22, 2001.

U. S. National Chemistry Olympiad 2001


National ExaminationPart I
SCORING KEY

Number
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

Answer
C
D
B
B
D
B
C
C
D
A
A
A
B
C
D
B
A
A
B
D

Number
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.

Answer
C
D
A
A
B
C
C
C
D
B
B
A
B
A
C
B
D
B
B
A

Property of the ACS Society Committee on Education

Number
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.

Answer
A
C
C
B
D
B
B
C
D
A
C
A
D
B
C
D
D
B
A
D

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