Cement Recruitment Details with Interview Questions

MAY 28 GENERAL 7173 VIEWS 0 COMMENTS

PLACEMENT CRITERIA FOR JK CEMENTS LIMITED
Companys Profile:
The JK Cement was started in the year 1974. The cement manufacturing plant of JK Cements is commissioned in Nimbahera and
Rajasthan. The capacity of the plant was 0.3 million tonnes. The company has six plants today. The Nimbahera plant has three
units and total capacity of the plant is 4.5 million tonnes. The other plant has capacity of 0.7 million TPA which is located at
Mangrol. The plant located in Gotan has a capacity of 0.5 million TPA and another plant has capacity of 3 million TPA which is
located at Muddapur. The annual capacity of the company is 400,000 tonnes. Details of Placement Critera of JK Cement Ltd is
described in the following section.

JK Cement Recruitment Details

The company is placed as 2

nd

largest manufacturer of white cement and first white cement manufacturer in India.

The white

cement plant was started at Gotan in the year 1984. The company has a fully automated plant for manufacturing wall putty. The
capacity of the plant is 3 lakh tonnes per annum. The first company to install capacitive power plant is the JK cements. The
company installed a capacitive power plant of capacity of 100 MWs at Bamania and Rajasthan. The company have also installed a
waste recovery power plant at Muddapur.
The manufacturing products are
1.

White cement

2.

Grey cement

3.

Wall putty
Career in Cement Industry:

Job title

Eligibility

Experience

Description

Manager-marketing

B.E/B.Tech

SAP Services Competitor

analysis

1-4 years

Requires handling the work

related to Manager (Land
Acquisition)

Manager (Land
Acquisition)

Retired STML

Executive Secretary Any graduation with

typing short hand

5-10 years

Handling the telephone calls

& mails and Keeping daily

track of all documents

GM Materials

B.E/B.Tech/ M.Tech 15-20 years

Technically responsible

DGM / GM
(Personnel &
Administration)

MSW/MBA/CA

15-20 years

Technically responsible

DGM / Sr. Manager

/ Manager (Civil)

B.E-civil

8-15 years

Plan and review engineering

activity

GM-Corporate
Accounting

CA

10-20 years

LAB Chemist /
CCR Operator / M.Sc / B.Sc / M.Com
Supervisory Staff
Sr. Manager (Legal)

Strong knowledge &

Fundamentals of F&A
functions is required

3-8 years

Any graduation with

10-15 years
B.L/M.L

Liasioning and negotiation

with Lawyers

General Manager
B.E/B.Tech/ M.Tech 10-15 years Requires handling the work
(Materials)
Head E&I (GM /
B.E/B.Tech /M.Tech 15-20 years
DGM Level)
Draught man

ITI

3-5 years

Interview Questions and Answers

1. What is the average density of soil?
ANS: Soil used for civil engineering purpose should have a density of about 100 to 110 pounds per cubic feet.
2. Which gives strength to the building?
ANS: Pillars in the building give strength.
3. Which is the least sticky gluee.
ANS: Elmers glue
4. What is a hazard?
ANS: A hazard is any material that causes harm to the management like chemicals, electricity, noise etc.
5. What is kn measurement?
ANS: Kn measurement is used to measure speed nautical miles per hour also called as knots.
Direct Round Questions:
1. When should one need to do Risk Assessment?
ANS: Risk Assessment has to be carried before doing any work as an employer or a self-employed person.
2. How to find the amount of water in a pipe by foot.
ANS: The formula to find the gallons of water in a pipe is 0.61*d, where d is the diameter of the pipe in inches.
3. What is the first stage of planning in construction?
ANS: Briefing and Inception is the first stage of planning in construction.

4. Which activity in an organization is not directly responsible for operations management?ANS: To know the exact products and
services of customer satisfaction is not directly responsible for operations management.
5. What are the functions of a column in a building?
ANS: A column in a building is used to support the weight of the roof and the upper floors. Load bearing beams along with column
can support a lot of weight.
Get Interview Questions and Answers for JK Cement LTD in pdf format.
Contact Us:
Head Office:
Nehru House,
4, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg,
New Delhi.
Phone No: 011 33001142 12.
Website: www.jklakshmi.com

Cement industry interview questions (Phone interview).

- How well did your college experience prepare you for this job?
- What are you expecting from this firm in the future?
- What has been your biggest professional disappointment?
- Tell me about an important issue you encountered recently.
- Tell me about yourself.
This is the time you make advantage of the list of questions you have
prepared earlier.
The best strategy for effectively answering these tough Cement industry
interview questions is to prepare for it. Try to include improvement activities
that relate to the job.
Cement industry interview questions (about Strengths and Weaknesses)
- List five words that describe your character.
- Tell me about a time when you successfully handled a situation?
- What are your salary requirements.
- When was the last time you were in a crises?
- Your greatest weakness in school or at work?
Cement industry interview questions (Behavioral interview).
- Give examples of ideas you've had or implemented.
- Give me an example of a high-pressure situation?
- What kind of personality do you work best with and why?

- What steps do you follow to study a problem before making a decision?

- Tell me about how you worked effectively under pressure.
Find out about which type of interview it is, how many interviewers and
candidates there are, it is a formal interview or informal one. Don't get trivial
or negative answering Cement industry interview questions.
Give several reasons and include skills, experience and interest.
Cement industry interview questions (Video interview)
- What was the most difficult period in your life, and how did you deal with it?
- What were the responsibilities of your last position?
- What would you say are your strong points?
- What negative thing would your last boss say about you?
- What problems have you encountered at work?
Describe your weaknesses as strengths.
Say something relevant to the objective line in the resume.
Ask a friend or relative of yours to help you practice answering Cement
industry interview questions.
Cement industry interview questions (Communication skills)
- What is a typical career path in this job function?
- What major challenges and problems did you face?
- What's most important to you in a new position?
- What support training would you require to be able to do this job?
- What three character traits would your friends use to describe you?
Cement industry interview questions (Competency Based job interview).
- Tell me about an important goal that you set in the past.
- When given an important assignment, how do you approach it?
- How do you feel about taking no for an answer?
- How do you react to instruction and criticism?
- How would you describe the experience of working here?
Focus on positive achievements and views. Answer all Cement industry
interview questions in a calm and collected manner and express an honest
desire to work.
Have a good questions ready about the position, opportunities for training or
skill improvement, and other questions related to the job.

Cement industry interview questions (Situational interview).

- What do you think you can bring to this position?
- What have you been doing since your last job?
- What quality of yours or personal trait matters the most in your career?
- How did you handle meeting a tight deadline?
- What do you think, would you be willing to travel for work?
Answer all Cement industry interview questions honestly and stay focused
throughout the hiring process. Provide truthful answers to Cement industry
interview questions and exude confidence when speaking. Answer Cement
industry interview questions with confidence and maintain proper eye
contact with the interviewer.
Cement industry interview questions (Basic interview).
- Have you ever had to deal with conflicting deadlines?
- How long would you stay with our company?
- Are you planning to continue your studies?
- Do you think you are overqualified for this position?
- Have you done this kind of work before?
Answer all Cement industry interview questions in a calm and collected
manner and express an honest desire to work.
Have some good ones handy to mention.
Answer Cement industry interview questions with confidence and maintain
proper eye contact with the interviewer.

Why you want to join us?

To get opportunities to perform to achieve the organizational goal.

What are the different types of fits? Explain?

On the basis of Indian standards fits can mainly be categorized into three groups:
> Clearance Fit: These types of fits are characterized by the occurrence of a clearance between the two mating parts. The difference
between the minimum size of the hole and the maximum size of the shaft is called the minimum clearance, the difference between the
maximum size of the hole and the minimum size of the shaft is known as maximum clearance.
> Interference Fit: In these types of fits the size of the mating parts are predefined so that interference between them always occurs. The
tolerance zone of the hole is completely below the tolerance zone of the shaft.
> Transition Fit: As the name suggests these type of fit has its mating parts sized limited to allow either clearance or interference. The
tolerance zone of the hole and the shaft overlaps in case of such fits.
For a shaft designated as 40 H8/f7, calculate the tolerances.
Given: Shaft designation = 40 H8/f7
The shaft designation 40 H8/f 7 means that the basic size is 40 mm and the tolerance grade for
the hole is 8 ( i. e. I T 8) and for the shaft is 7 ( i. e. I T 7).

Since 40 mm lies in the diameter steps of 30 to 50 mm, therefore the geometric mean diameter,
D = Square root of (30 x 50) = 38.73 mm
We know that standard tolerance unit,
i = 0.45 x Cube root of (D) + 0.001 D
i = 0.45 3.38 + 0.03873 = 1.559 73 or 1.56 microns
i = 1.56 0.001 = 0.001 56 mm ...(1 micron = 0.001 mm)
The standard tolerance for the hole of grade 8 (IT8)
= 25 i = 25 0.001 56 = 0.039 mm
The standard tolerance for the shaft of grade 7 (IT7)
= 16 i = 16 0.001 56 = 0.025 mm

What are the factors that can affect the Factor of safety selection?
The factor of safety is used in designing a machine component. Prior to selecting the correct factor of safety certain points must be taken into
consideration such as:
> The properties of the material used for the machine and the changes in its intrinsic properties over the time period of service.
> The accuracy and authenticity of test results to the actual machine parts.
> The applied load reliability.
> The limit of stresses (localized).
> The loss of property and life in case of failures.
> The limit of initial stresses at the time period of manufacture.
> The extent to which the assumptions can be simplified.
The factor of safety also depends on numerous other considerations such as the material, the method of manufacturing , the various types of
stress, the part shapes etc.

What is heat treatment and why is it done?

Heat treatment can be defined as a combination of processes or operations in which the heating and cooling of a metal or alloy is done in
order to obtain desirable characteristics without changing the compositions. Some of the motives or purpose of heat treatment are as follows:
> In order to improve the hardness of metals.
> For the softening of the metal.
> In order to improve the machinability of the metal.
> To change the grain size.
> To provide better resistance to heat, corrosion, wear etc.
Heat treatment is generally performed in the following ways:
> Normalizing
> Annealing
> Spheroidising
> Hardening
> Tempering
> Surface or case hardening

What are the rules that must be kept in mind while designing castings?
Some of the points that must be kept in mind during the process of cast designing are as follows:
> To avoid the concentration of stresses sharp corners and frequent use of fillets should be avoided.
> Section thicknesses should be uniform as much as possible. For variations it must be done gradually.
> Abrupt changes in the thickness should be avoided at all costs.
> Simplicity is the key, the casting should be designed as simple as possible.
> It is difficult to create true large spaces and henceforth large flat surfaces must be avoided.
> Webs and ribs used for stiffening in castings should as minimal as possible.
> Curved shapes can be used in order to improve the stress handling of the cast.

What are the points that should be kept in mind during forging design?
Some of the points that should be followed while forging design are:
> A radial flow of grains or fibers must be achieved in the forged components.
> The forged items such as drop and press forgings should have a parting line that should divide the forging into two equal halves.
> The ribs in a forging should not be high or thin.
> In order to avoid increased die wear the pockets and recesses in forgings should be minimum.
> In forgings the parting line of it should lie as far as possible in a single plane.
> For ease of forging and easy removal of forgings the surfaces of the metal should contain sufficient drafts.

Describe briefly the different cold drawing processes.

Some of the important cold drawing processes are as follows:
> Bar and Rod Drawing: In the case of bar drawing the hot drawn bars are at first pickled, washed and coated to prevent oxidation. Once this
is done a draw bench is used for the process of cold drawing. In order to make an end possible to enter a drawing die the diameter of the rod
is reduced by the swaging operation. This end is fastened by chains to the draw bench and the end is gripped by the jaws of the carriage. In
this method a high surface finish and accuracy dimensionally is obtained. The products of this process can be used directly without any
further machining.
> Wire Drawing: Similar to the above process the bars are first pickled, washed and coated to prevent any oxidation. After this the rods are
passed through several dies of decreasing diameter to provide a desired reduction in the size ( diameter ). The dies used for the reduction
process is generally made up of carbide materials.
>Tube Drawing: This type of drawing is very similar to the bar drawing process and in majority of cases it is accomplished by the use of a
draw bench.

What are the different theories of failure under static load, explain briefly?
The main theories of failure of a member subjected to bi-axial stress are as follows:
> Maximum principal stress theory ( Rankines theory): This theory states that failure occurs at a point in member where the maximum
principal or normal stress in a bi-axial system reaches the maximum strength in a simple tension test.
> Maximum shear stress theory ( Guests or Trescas theory): This theory states that failure occurs when the biaxial stress reaches a value
equal to the shear stress at yield point in a simple tension test.
> Maximum principal strain theory ( Saint Venant theory): This theory states that failure occurs when bi-axial stress reaches the limiting value
of strain.
> Maximum strain energy theory ( Haighs theory): This theory states that failure occurs when strain energy per unit volume of the stress
system reaches the limiting strain energy point.
> Maximum distortion energy theory ( Hencky and Von Mises theory): This theory states that failure occurs when strain energy per unit
volume reaches the limiting distortion energy.

What are the different types of fits? Explain?

On the basis of Indian standards fits can mainly be categorized into three groups:
> Clearance Fit: These types of fits are characterized by the occurrence of a clearance between the two mating parts. The difference
between the minimum size of the hole and the maximum size of the shaft is called the minimum clearance, the difference between the
maximum size of the hole and the minimum size of the shaft is known as maximum clearance.
> Interference Fit: In these types of fits the size of the mating parts are predefined so that interference between them always occurs. The
tolerance zone of the hole is completely below the tolerance zone of the shaft.
> Transition Fit: As the name suggests these type of fit has its mating parts sized limited to allow either clearance or interference. The
tolerance zone of the hole and the shaft overlaps in case of such fits.
For a shaft designated as 40 H8/f7, calculate the tolerances.
Given: Shaft designation = 40 H8/f7
The shaft designation 40 H8/f 7 means that the basic size is 40 mm and the tolerance grade for
the hole is 8 ( i. e. I T 8) and for the shaft is 7 ( i. e. I T 7).
Since 40 mm lies in the diameter steps of 30 to 50 mm, therefore the geometric mean diameter,
D = Square root of (30 x 50) = 38.73 mm
We know that standard tolerance unit,
i = 0.45 x Cube root of (D) + 0.001 D
i = 0.45 3.38 + 0.03873 = 1.559 73 or 1.56 microns
i = 1.56 0.001 = 0.001 56 mm ...(1 micron = 0.001 mm)
The standard tolerance for the hole of grade 8 (IT8)
= 25 i = 25 0.001 56 = 0.039 mm
The standard tolerance for the shaft of grade 7 (IT7)
= 16 i = 16 0.001 56 = 0.025 mm

What are the factors that can affect the Factor of safety selection?
The factor of safety is used in designing a machine component. Prior to selecting the correct factor of safety certain points must be taken into
consideration such as:
> The properties of the material used for the machine and the changes in its intrinsic properties over the time period of service.
> The accuracy and authenticity of test results to the actual machine parts.
> The applied load reliability.
> The limit of stresses (localized).
> The loss of property and life in case of failures.

> The limit of initial stresses at the time period of manufacture.

> The extent to which the assumptions can be simplified.
The factor of safety also depends on numerous other considerations such as the material, the method of manufacturing , the various types of
stress, the part shapes etc.

What is heat treatment and why is it done?

Heat treatment can be defined as a combination of processes or operations in which the heating and cooling of a metal or alloy is done in
order to obtain desirable characteristics without changing the compositions. Some of the motives or purpose of heat treatment are as follows:
> In order to improve the hardness of metals.
> For the softening of the metal.
> In order to improve the machinability of the metal.
> To change the grain size.
> To provide better resistance to heat, corrosion, wear etc.
Heat treatment is generally performed in the following ways:
> Normalizing
> Annealing
> Spheroidising
> Hardening
> Tempering
> Surface or case hardening

What are the rules that must be kept in mind while designing castings?
Some of the points that must be kept in mind during the process of cast designing are as follows:
> To avoid the concentration of stresses sharp corners and frequent use of fillets should be avoided.
> Section thicknesses should be uniform as much as possible. For variations it must be done gradually.
> Abrupt changes in the thickness should be avoided at all costs.
> Simplicity is the key, the casting should be designed as simple as possible.
> It is difficult to create true large spaces and henceforth large flat surfaces must be avoided.
> Webs and ribs used for stiffening in castings should as minimal as possible.
> Curved shapes can be used in order to improve the stress handling of the cast.

What are the points that should be kept in mind during forging design?
Some of the points that should be followed while forging design are:
> A radial flow of grains or fibers must be achieved in the forged components.
> The forged items such as drop and press forgings should have a parting line that should divide the forging into two equal halves.
> The ribs in a forging should not be high or thin.
> In order to avoid increased die wear the pockets and recesses in forgings should be minimum.
> In forgings the parting line of it should lie as far as possible in a single plane.
> For ease of forging and easy removal of forgings the surfaces of the metal should contain sufficient drafts.

Describe briefly the different cold drawing processes.

Some of the important cold drawing processes are as follows:
> Bar and Rod Drawing: In the case of bar drawing the hot drawn bars are at first pickled, washed and coated to prevent oxidation. Once this
is done a draw bench is used for the process of cold drawing. In order to make an end possible to enter a drawing die the diameter of the rod
is reduced by the swaging operation. This end is fastened by chains to the draw bench and the end is gripped by the jaws of the carriage. In
this method a high surface finish and accuracy dimensionally is obtained. The products of this process can be used directly without any
further machining.
> Wire Drawing: Similar to the above process the bars are first pickled, washed and coated to prevent any oxidation. After this the rods are
passed through several dies of decreasing diameter to provide a desired reduction in the size ( diameter ). The dies used for the reduction
process is generally made up of carbide materials.
>Tube Drawing: This type of drawing is very similar to the bar drawing process and in majority of cases it is accomplished by the use of a
draw bench.

What are the different theories of failure under static load, explain briefly?
The main theories of failure of a member subjected to bi-axial stress are as follows:
> Maximum principal stress theory ( Rankines theory): This theory states that failure occurs at a point in member where the maximum

principal or normal stress in a bi-axial system reaches the maximum strength in a simple tension test.
> Maximum shear stress theory ( Guests or Trescas theory): This theory states that failure occurs when the biaxial stress reaches a value
equal to the shear stress at yield point in a simple tension test.
> Maximum principal strain theory ( Saint Venant theory): This theory states that failure occurs when bi-axial stress reaches the limiting value
of strain.
> Maximum strain energy theory ( Haighs theory): This theory states that failure occurs when strain energy per unit volume of the stress
system reaches the limiting strain energy point.
> Maximum distortion energy theory ( Hencky and Von Mises theory): This theory states that failure occurs when strain energy per unit
volume reaches the limiting distortion energy.

8. What are the assumptions made in simple theory of bending?

The assumptions made in the theory of simple bending are:
> The material of the beam is homogeneous this implies that it is uniform in density, strength and have isotropic properties meaning
possessing same elastic property in all directions.
> Even after bending the cross section of the beam remains constant.
> During the initial stages the beam is straight and unstressed.
> All the stresses in the beam are within the elastic limit of its material.
> The layers of the beam are free to contract and expand longitudinally and laterally
> On any cross section the perpendicular resultant force of the beam is zero.
> Compared to the cross-sectional dimension of the beam the radius of curvature is very large.

9. Why is stress considered important in a shaft?

The following types of stresses are prevalent in shafts:
> At the outermost surface of the shaft the max shear stress occurs on the cross-section of the shaft.
> At the surface of the shaft on the longitudinal planes through the axis of the shaft the maximum longitudinal shear stress occurs.
> At 45 degrees to the maximum shearing stress planes at the surface of the shafts the major principal stress occurs. It equals the max shear
stress on the cross section of the shaft.
> For certain materials where the tensile and compressive strengths are lower in measure as compared to the shear strength, then the shaft
designing should be carried out for the lowest strengths.
> All these stresses are of significance as they play a role in governing the failure of the shaft. All theses stresses get generated
simultaneously and hence should be considered for designing purposes

10. What do you understand by the Hooke`s Coupling what are its purposes?
The Hooke`s coupling is used to connect two shafts whose axes intersect at a small angle. The two shafts are inclined at an angle and is
constant. During motion it varies as the movement is transferred from one shaft to another. One of the major areas of application of this
coupling is in gear boxes where the coupling is used to drive the rear wheels of trucks and other vehicles. In such usage scenarios two
couplings are used each at the two ends of the coupling shaft. they are also used to transfer power for multiple drilling machines. The
Hooke`s coupling is also known as the Universal coupling. The torque transmitted by the shafts is given by :
T= (pie/16) x t x (d) cube
Where T = torque, t = shear stress for the shaft material and d the diameter of the shaft.

11. What kind of materials should be used for shafts manufacturing?

Some of the qualities that should be present in materials for shafts are as follows:
> The material should have a high index of strength.
> Also it should have a high level of machinability.
> The material should possess a low notch sensitivity factor.
> The material must also have wear resistant properties.
> Good heat treatment properties should also be present
The common material used to creates shafts of high strengths an alloy of steel like nickel is used. The shafts are manufactured by hot rolling
processes and then the shaft is finished using drawing or grinding processes.

12. Why should a chain drive be used over a belt or rope driven drive? State pro`s and con`s?
The advantages of using a chain drives are:
> In a chain drive no slip occurrence takes place.
> The chains take less space as compared to rope or belts as they are made of metal and offer much strength.
> The chain drives can be used at both short and long ranges and they offer a high level of transmission efficiency.
> Chain drives can transmit more load and power as compared to belts.
> A very high speed ratio can be maintained in one step of chain drives.
Some of the cons of using a chain drive are:

> The cost of producing chain drives is higher as compared to that of belts.
> The chain drives must be serviced and maintained at regular intervals and henceforth their cost of ownership is high comparatively.

13. What are the different types of springs and explain them briefly?
Springs can be broadly classified into the following types:
> Helical Springs: These springs as their name suggests are in coil form and are in the shape of helix. The primary purpose of such springs
are to handle compressive and tensile loads. They can be further classified into two types: compression helical spring and tension helical
spring each having their own unique areas of application./
> Conical and volute springs: Both these spring types have specialized areas of usage where springs with adaptable rate according to the
load is required. In case of conical springs they are wound so as to have a uniform pitch while on the other hand volute springs are wound in
a slight manner of a parabloid.
> Torsion Springs: The characteristics of such springs is that they tend to wind up by the load. They can be either helical or spiral in shape.
These types of springs are used in circuit breaker mechanisms.
> Leaf springs: These types of springs are comprised of metal plates of different lengths held together with the help of bolts and clamps.
Commonly seen being used as suspensions for vehicles.
> Disc Springs: As the name suggests such types of springs are comprised of conical discs held together by a bolt or tube.
> Special Purpose Springs: These springs are all together made of different materials such as air and water

14. During the design of a friction clutch what are the considerations that should be made?
In order to design a friction clutch the following points must be kept in mind:
> The material for the contact surfaces must be carefully selected.
> For high speed devices to minimize the inertia load of the clutch, low weight moving parts must be selected.
> The contact of the friction surfaces must be maintained at all the times without the application of any external forces.
> Provisions for the facilitation of repairs must be there.
> In order to increase safety the projecting parts of a clutch must be covered.
> A provision to take up the wearing of the contact surfaces must be present.
> Heat dissipaters to take away the heat from the point of contacting surfaces must be there.

15. What are the different types of brakes and explain them briefly?
Brakes can be classified on the basis of their medium used to brake, they are as follows:
> Hydraulic Brakes: These brakes as their name suggest use a fluid medium to push or repel the brake pads for braking.
> Electric Brakes: These brakes use electrical energy to deplete or create a braking force.
Both the above types of breaks are used primarily for applications where a large amount of energy is to be transformed.
> Mechanical Brakes: They can be further classified on the basis of the direction of their acting force: Radial Brakes: As their names
suggests the force that acts on the brakes is of radial direction. They can further be classified into internal and external blades. Axial Brakes:
In these types of brakes the braking force is acting in an axial direction as compared to radial brakes.

16. On what basis can sliding contact bearings be classified? Explain?

Sliding contact bearings can be classified on the basis of the thickness of the lubricating agent layer between the bearing and the journal.
They can be classified as follows:
> Thick film bearings: These type of bearings have their working surface separated by a layer of the lubricant. They are also known as
hydrodynamic lubricated bearings.
> Thin film bearings: In this type of bearings the surfaces are partially in direct contact with each other even after the presence of a lubricant.
The other name for such type of bearings is boundary lubricated bearings.
> Zero Film Bearings: These type of bearings as their name suggests have no lubricant present between the contact layers.
> Externally or hydrostatically pressurized lubricated bearings: These bearings are able to without any relative motion support steady loads

17. What are the basis on which the best material for Sliding Contact Bearings manufacturing?
Some of the important properties to lookout for in the material for sliding contact bearings are as follows:
> Compressive Strength: In order to prevent the permanent deformation and intrusion of the bearing the material selected should be possess
a high compressive strength to bear the max bearing pressure.
> Fatigue Strength: the material selected for the bearing should be able to withstand loads without any surface fatigue cracks getting created.
This is only possible if the material has a high level of fatigue strength.
> Comfortability: The material should be able to adjust or accommodate bearing inaccuracies and deflections without much wear and
heating.
> Embeddability: The material should allow the embedding of small particles without effecting the material of the journal.
> Bondability: The bearings may be created by bringing together ( bonding ) multiple layers of the material. Due to the above reason the
bondability of the material should be sufficiently high.

> Thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance: Thermal conductivity is an essential property for bearing materials as it can help in quickly
dissipating the generated heat. Also the material should have a level of corrosion resistance against the lubricant.

18. Briefly explain the advantages of Cycloidal and Involute gears?

The advantages of the Cycloidal gears are as follows:
> Having a wider flank as compared to Involute gears they are considered to have more strength and hence can withstand further load and
stress.
> The contact in case of cycloidal gears is between the concave surface and the convex flank. This results in less wear and tear.
> No interference occurs in these types of gears.
The advantages of Involute gears are as follows:
> The primary advantage of involute gears is that it allows the changing of the centre distance of a pair without changing the velocity ratio.
> The pressure angle remains constant from start to end teeth, this results in less wear and smooth running of the gears.
> The involute gears are easier to manufacture as they can be generated in a single curve ( the face and flank ).

19. How can the reaction of support of a frame be evaluated?

Generally roller or hinged support are used to support the frames. The conditions of equilibrium are used to determine the reaction support of
a frame. The condition of equilibrium takes place when the sum of the horizontal and vertical forces sum equal to zero. The system must
form a state of equilibrium even after considering the external loads and the reactions at the supports. For equilibrium to be prevalent in the
system the following conditions are required to be in occurrence:
> Summation of V = 0. This implies that the summation of all the forces in the vertical direction results to zero.
> Summation of H = 0 . This implies that the total of all the forces acting in horizontal direction is also zero.
> Summation of M = 0. The sum of all the moment of forces around a point must be zero.

20. Explain in an orderly manner how the force in the member of a truss be detected using the method of
joint.
The steps required to calculate the force are as follows:
> The reaction at the support has to be first calculated.
> Once the reaction is calculated the direction of force of the member is made to make it tensile. On getting the result to be negative the
direction assumed is wrong and this implies the force being compressive in nature.
> A joint needs to be selected whose 2 members are not known. The lami`s theorem is used on the joint on which less than three forces are
acting.
> After the above process is complete the free body diagrams of the joint needs to be made. Since the system is in equilibrium the condition
of Summation of V and H must result in zero.
> After the above step the resolution of forces method needs to be used on the joint on which more than 4 forces are acting.

21. In order to derive the torsional formulas what are the assumptions taken?
The torsion equation is derived on the basis of following assumptions:
> The shaft material is uniform, throughout the shaft.
> Even after loading the shaft circular remains circular.
> After the application of torques the plain section of a shaft remains plain.
> Any twist that occurs in the shaft remains uniform and constant.
> After the application of torque the distance between any two cross-sectional references remains constant.
> The elastic limit value of a shaft is never exceeded even after the shear stress induced because of torque application.

22. What are Bevel Gears and what are its types?
Bevel gears are the type of gears in which the two shafts happen to intersect. The gear faces which are tooth bearing are conical in shape.
They are generally mounted on shafts which are 90 degrees apart but they can be made to work at other angles as well. The bevel gears are
classified into the following types on the basis of pitch surfaces and shaft angles:
> Mitre Gears: These types of gears are similar to each other ie. they have the same pitch angles and contain the same number of teeth. The
shaft axes intersect at 90 degrees angle.
> Angular bevel gears: When two bevel gears connect at any angle apart from 90 degrees.
> Crown bevel gears: When the two shaft axes intersect at an angle greater than 90 and one of the bevel gears have a pitch angle of 90
degrees they are known as crown bevel gears.
> Internal bevel gears: In these type of gears the teeth on the gears is cut on the inside area of the pitch cone.

23. What are the different values that need to be determined in order to design a cylinder for an ICE?

The following values are needed to be determined:

> Thickness of the cylinder wall: The cylinder walls in an engine is made witness to gas pressure and the side thrust of a piston. This results
in two types of stresses: longitudinal and circumferential stress. Both the types of stresses are perpendicular to each other and hence it is
aimed to reduce the resulting stress as much as possible.
> Length and bore of the cylinder: The length of the cylinder and the length of the stroke is calculated on the basis of the formula: length of
cylinder L = 1.15 times the length of the stroke (l). L = 1.15(l)
> Cylinder flange and studs: The cylinders are always cast integral as a part of the upper crankcase or in some cases attached to it by
means of nuts and bolts. The flange is integral to a cylinder and henceforth its thickness should be greater than that of the cylinder wall. The
thickness of flange should generally be between 1.2t-1.4t where t is the cylinder thickness.
The stud diameter is calculated by equating gas load ( due to max pressure ) to the grand total of all the resisting forces of the studs.

24. What are considerations taken into account while creating a piston head?
The piston head is designed on the basis of the following considerations:
> The crown should have enough strength to absorb the explosion pressure inside the engine cylinder.
> The head must always dissipate the heat of the explosion as quickly as possible to the engine walls. The thickness of the head is
calculated on the basis of another formula which takes into consideration the heat flowing through the head, the conductivity factor of the
material. The temperature at the center and edges of the head.
> The thickness of the piston head is calculated on the basis of the Grashoff`s formula which takes into consideration the maximum gas
pressure of an explosion , the permissible bending and the outside diameter of the piston.

What is mechanism?
A mechanism is an assembly of different parts which perform a complete motion and is often part of a machine.

State Newton's three laws of Motion.

- The law of inertia: Every object in a state of uniform motion tends to remain in that state of motion unless an external force is applied to it.
- Acceleration is produced when a force acts on a mass. The greater the mass (of the object being accelerated) the greater the amount of
force needed (to accelerate the object). Force=Mass times acceleration.
- For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

State the laws of thermodynamics and its importance of in Mechanical Engineering.

Thermodynamics is a physical science which studies the interrelation between heat, work and the internal energy of any system.
Thermodynamics helps study all the systems of mechanical engineering. There are three laws of thermodynamics.
First Law: Energy can be neither created nor destroyed. It can only change forms. In any process in an isolated system, the total energy
remains the same.
Eg: turning on a light would seem to produce energy; however, it is electrical energy that is converted.
Second Law: The second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of any isolated system not in thermal equilibrium almost always
increases.
Eg: A car that has run out of gas will not run again until you walk 10 miles to a gas station and refuel the car.
Third Law: As temperature approaches absolute zero, the entropy of a system approaches a minimum.
Eg: Water in gas form has molecules that can move around very freely. Water vapor has very high entropy (randomness). As the gas cools, it
becomes liquid which can still move around but not as freely. At this point they have lost some entropy. On cooling further it becomes solid
ice where molecules can no longer move freely but can only vibrate within the ice crystals. The entropy is now very low. As the water nears
absolute zero, the vibration of the molecules diminishes. If the solid water reaches absolute zero, all molecular motion would stop completely.
And at this point the water would have no entropy at all.

What is Hess law?

According to the Hess law the energy transfer is simply independent of the way being followed. If the reactant and the product of the whole
process are the same then same amount of energy will be dissipated or absorbed.

What is PS?
Personal Statement. It is something that gives an informative background about an individual.

What is a bearing? What are the different types of bearings?

Bearing is a device that helps smoother movement with minimal friction which in turn helps enhances efficiency and speed. Considering two
types of loading, radial and thrust, there are different types of bearings which help handle these loads. The basic difference in the types of
loads is essentially due to their ability to handle weight and different kinds of loads for various applications. Different types of bearings are:
-Ball bearing
-Roller bearing
-Ball Thrust bearing
-Roller thrust bearing
-Tapered roller bearing
-Magnetic bearings
-Giant Roller Bearing

What is a process flow diagram?

A Process Flow Diagram is a user friendly, simplified sketch which illustrates general plant streams, major equipments and key central loops
and shows the relationship between major components in the system. By using symbols to identify instruments and vessels it describes the
primary flow course. They also provide e detail of mass/energy balance data along with stream composition and physical properties, however
do not show minor components.

What is a time and motion theory?

Frederick Taylor was pioneer of the time and motion theory. This technique monitors the amount of time required to complete a task along
with observing the steps taken by a worker to complete the given task.

Which is the hardest material on earth?

Diamond is currently the hardest material, made up of carbon atoms which cannot move. Carbon is the only atom that can have four
electrons in the second shell surrounding the carbon nucleus, precisely why making a diamond the hardest material. However, there also are
claims by a few to a new rare material called Wurtzite Boron Nitride which has a structure similar to a diamond but has some other atoms in
place of carbon.

One unit of BTU is how many Joules?

1 BTU=1055.06 Joules

What does a pump develop? Give reason to support your answer.

Pump is a device that is used to transfer fluid from one place to another place which means it develops flow not pressure.

Explain the difference between pipe and a tube.

A pipe is measured based on its inner diameter (ID) whereas a tube is measured based on the outer diameter (OD). Other than the
dimensions there is no major difference between the two.

Explain the formula of heat loss in a pipe.

In order to find total heat loss through the pipes it is imperative to know the thermal conductivity and the differing thicknesses of each layer.
The ground that surrounds the pipe also acts as a layer of insulation. Considering this, the thermal properties of the stoneless sand is
included in the heat loss calculation.

What kind of pipes are used for steam lines?

Pressure and temperature are two of the most important factors to be considered before selecting the type of material to be used. Steam is a
compressible gas due to which the capacity of the pipe line depends on the size of the pipes and pressure of the steam. Since steam at even

low pressure can be dangerous, extra care is to be taken. Galvanized pipes are usually not used for steam. Pipes made of mild steel with
welded fittings are instead largely used.

Who invented the four stroke engine? According to you which one is more efficient, four stroke engine or
a two stroke engine and why?
Nikolaus Otto invented the four stroke engine. Both, two stroke and four stroke have their own advantages and disadvantages. 4 stroke is
more fuel efficient. However, 2 stroke produces more power.

What do you understand by the concept of a 6 stroke engine? Explain how it works.
The six stroke engine is based on the concept of four stroke engine but built with an intention of improvising the efficiency in reducing
emission. Every cycle of a four stroke engine involves the upward and downward movement of the piston which happens twice in the
chamber, resulting in four total strokes and one of which is the power stroke which provides the torque to move the vehicle. A six stroke
engine works similarly except that there are two power strokes.

Explain what is torque

Torque is the force that causes rotation. It is a measure of how much force is acting on an object making it rotate.

What is the difference between torque and power?

While power determines the speed of a vehicle, torque determines the time in which that speed can be reached. The greater the torque
figure, the faster the acceleration. The more torque in the engine, the faster you accelerate. Power is the rate at which work is done, so it is
basically the potential of the engine.

Explain why diesel engine is known as high torque and petrol engine as high speed engine?
Each power stroke in a petrol engine releases more heat and is converted into mechanical energy due to a higher rate of burning. This is the
reason petrol engine has higher power and acceleration.
Diesel engine is a compression ignition engine with higher compression ratio, therefore extreme pressure is high. Since the piston of a diesel
engine is larger, more torque is delivered in produced.

Why do heavy vehicles use diesel engine?

The compression ratio of diesel engine is higher than the petrol engine, the reason for producing higher torque. The efficiency of diesel
engine increases with load. Diesel produces slow energy on burning of fuel and the efficiency of the engine increases with load which is why
diesel engine is suitable and largely used for heavy vehicles.

Explain the difference between projectile motion and rocket motion.

The major difference is that a projectile has no motor or a rocket on it, due to which the momentum is given to it as it is launched. A pen
thrown across a room is a classic example of a projectile motion. On the other hand, a rocket or missile has a motor on it which helps in
accelerating while moving. This helps in resisting other forces such as gravity. A projectile does not have any specific shape, it is a point
mass, whereas rocket has a particular shape having its center of gravity situated at a particular point on its body. Thus rocket motion comes
under kinetics and projectile comes under kinematics.

Between steel, copper and brass, which conduct faster heat.

Copper conducts heat faster than steel or brass. In most cases, material that is good for conducting heat is also good for electricity.

Explain the types of sensors.

(i) Temperature Sensor- This device collects information about the temperature from a source and converts it to a form which is
understandable by another device or person. Glass thermometer is the best example where mercury acts as the temperature sensor.
(ii) IR Sensors- This device detects and/or emits infrared radiation to sense a particular phase in the environment. Mostly thermal radiation
is emitted by all the objects in the infrared spectrum. This type of radiation is not visible to the human eye but the infrared sensor detects it.

(iii) UV Sensors- These sensors measure the intensity of the ultraviolet radiation. This form of electromagnetic radiation has wavelengths
which are longer than x-rays yet shorter than visible radiation. UV sensors can discover the exposure of environment to ultraviolet radiation.
(iV) Touch Sensor- A touch sensor acts as a variable resistor based on the location where it is sensed. Proximity Sensor- A proximity sensor
detects the presence of objects that are placed in close proximity without any point of contact.

What minerals are used in the manufacture of cars?

Cars are made from many various minerals. The steel body is made from the iron-rich minerals like magnetite and hematite. Door handles
and badges are often coated in chromium which comes from chromite. Some of the other minerals used are aluminum, quartz, copper,
magnesium, zinc, tin etc.

Which instrument measures speed in a car?

A speedometer helps measure the speed in the car.

What are the advantage and disadvantage of using LPG in a car?

Advantages:
The high octane rate enables it to blend better with air and to burn completely, generating less carbon. With less carbon buildup, spark plugs
often last longer and oil changes are needed less frequently.
Since it burns in the gaseous phase, it results in less corrosion and engine wear.
In case of a spill, LPG evaporates quickly.
Disadvantages
The LPG requires servicing at approximately once a year.
Since complete combustion occurs, more heat is liberated which is not advised for a long journey as the engine will get over heated.
Installation of LPG is rather difficult.

Why gas containers are mostly in a cylindrical shape?

The ideal shape would be a sphere. The container must have the capacity to withstand the extremely high pressure of liquefied gas. A
spherical shape helps in distributing these forces uniformly.

Explain why re-heater is used in gas turbine

The advantage of reheater is that it significantly increases the thrust; which is a prime reason for its use in gas turbines.

How many types of suspensions are used in automobiles?

McPherson struts
Leaf spring
Coil spring
Torsion beam
Wishbone
Air Suspension

What is DTSI? Why it is used in motor bikes?

Digital Twin Spark Ignition. This is used for a better fuel combustion in the cylinder head which helps provide better efficiency and optimum
use of fuel.

What are the advantages of DTSI over normal engines?

The cylinder head has two spark plugs, instead of the usual one. When two sparks are generated at either ends of the combustion chamber,
the air-fuel mixture is ignited in a way that creates two flame fronts. A higher rate of combustion is achieved leading to higher rise in pressure.
The outcome of this is more torque, better fuel efficiency and lower emissions.

What is meant by gear ratio?

A gear ratio is a direct measure of ratio of the rotational speeds of two or more interlocking gears.

What is the ratio of specific heat of air?

The ratio of specific heat =CP/CV is a factor in adiabatic engine processes and in determining the speed of sound in gas. This ratio =1.66
for an ideal monoatomic gas and =1.4 for air, which is predominantly a diatomic gas.

What is the percentage of carbon present in pig iron?

Carbon content is generally 3.5-4.5%.
What happens when we close the valve in discharge line while the pump still working? Though units for pressure and stress are same (i.e
N/mm2)What is the difference between stress and pressure?

Which metal is used in measuring instrument?

How many types of gear boxes are there?
Why gas container are mostly in a cylindrical shape?

1. What is the difference between scavenging and supercharging ?

Ans: Scavenging is process of flushing out burnt gases from engine cylinder by introducing fresh air in the cylinder before exhaust
stroke ends. Supercharging is the process of supplying higher mass of air by compressing the atmospheric air.

2. What are the names given to constant temperature, constant pressure, constant volume, constant internal energy, constant
enthalpy, and constant entropy processes.Ans: Isothermal, isochroic, isobaric, free expression, throttling and adiabatic processes
respectively.

3. In a Rankine cycle if maximum steam pressure is increased keeping steam temperature and condenser pressure same, what will
happen to dryness fraction of steam after expansion ?Ans: It will decrease.

4. Why entropy change for a reversible adiabatic process is zero ?

Ans: Because there is no heat transfer in this process.

5. What are two essential conditions of perfect gas ?

Ans: It satisfies equation of state and its specific heats are constant.

6. Enthalpy and entropy are functions of one single parameter. Which is that ?
Ans: Temperature.

7. Why rate of condensation is higher on a polished surface compared to rusty surface ?

Ans: Polished surface promotes drop wise condensation and does not wet the surface.

8. How much resistance is offered to heat flow by drop wise condensation ?

Ans: Nil

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9. What is the relationship between COP of heating and cooling ?

Ans: COP of heating is one(unity) more than COP of cooling.

10. How much is the work done in isochoric process ?

Ans: Zero.

11. When maximum discharge is obtained in nozzle ?

Ans: At the critical pressure ratio.

1. Under what condition the work done in reciprocating compressor will be least ?

Ans: It is least when compression process approaches isothermal. For this purpose, attempts are made to cool the air during
compression.

13. What is the difference between stalling and surging in rotary compressions ?
Ans: Stalling is a local phenomenon and it occurs when How breaks away from the blades. Surging causes complete breakdown of
flow and as such it affects the whole machine.

14. Why the electric motor of a fan with backward curved blades is never got overloaded under any condition ?
Ans: The maximum power is consumed at about 70% of maximum flow in case'of fan with backward blades. For higher flow, power
consumption gets lower.

15. Why the work per kg of air flow in axial flow compressor is less compared to centrifugal compressor for same pressure ratio ?
Ans: Isentropic efficiency of axial flow compressor is higher.

16. What is the name given to portion of thermal energy to be necessarily rejected to environment ?
Ans: Anergy.

17. What is pitting ? How it is caused ?

Ans: Non uniform corrosion over the entire metal surface, but occuring only in small pits is called pitting. It is caused by lack of
uniformity in metal.

18. What is caustic embrittlement ?

Ans: It is the actual physical change in metal that makes it extremely brittle and filled with minute cracks. It occurs particularly in the
seams of rivetted joints and around the rivet holes.

19. Which impurities form hard scale and which impurities soft scale ?
Ans: Sulphates and chlorides of lime and magnesium form hard scale, and carbonates of lime and magnesium form soft scale.

20. What is the difference between hard water and soft water ?
Ans: Hard water contains excess of scale forming impurities and soft water contains very little or no scale forming substances.

21. Which two elements in feed water can cause corrosion of tubes and plates in boiler ? '
Ans: Acid and oxygen in feed water lead to corrosion.

22. What should be done to prevent a safety valve to stick to its seat ?
Ans: Safety valve should be blown off periodically so that no corrosion can take place on valve and valve seat.

23. Why large boilers are water tube type ?

Ans: Water tube boilers raise steam fast because of large heat transfer area and positive water circulation. Thus they respond faster
to fluctuations in demand. Further single tube failure does not lead to catastrophy.

24. What type of boiler does not need a steam drum ?

Ans: Super-critical pressure boiler.

25. Why manholes in vessels are usually elliptical in shape ?

Ans: Elliptical shape has minimum area of opening and thus plate is weakened the least. Further it is very convenient to insert and
take out the cover plate from elliptical opening.

26. Low water in boiler drum is unsafe because it may result in overheating of water tubes in furnace. Why it is unsafe to have high
water condition in boiler drum ?
Ans: High drum level does not allow steam separation to be effective and some water can be carried over with steam which is not
desirable for steam turbine.

27. Why boiler is purged everytime before starting firing of fuel ?

Ans: Purging ensures that any unburnt fuel in furnace is removed, otherwise it may lead to explosion.

28. What is the principle of mechanical refrigeration ?

Axis. A volatile liquid will boil under the proper conditions and in so doing will absorb heat from surrounding objects.

29. Why high latent heat of vaporisation is desirable in a refrigerant ?

Ans: A high latent heat of vaporisation of refrigerant results in small amount of refrigerant and thus lesser circulation system of
refrigerant for same tonnage.

30. What is the critical temperature of a refrigerant ?

Ans: Critical temperature is the maximum temperature of a refrigerantrat which it can be condensed into liquid and beyond this it
remains gas irrespective of pressure applied.

31. Maximum combustion temperature in gas turbines is of the order of 1100 to 10C whereas same is around 00C in I.C. engine ?
Why ?
Ans: High temperature in I.C. engine can be tolerated because it lasts for a fraction of second but gas turbines have to face it
continuously which metals can't withstand.

32. Why efficiency of gas turbines is lower compared to I.C. engines ?

Ans: In gas turbines, 70% of the output of gas turbine is consumed by compressor. I.C. engines have much lower auxiliary
consumption. Further combustion temperature of I.C. engines is much higher compared to gas turbine.

33. What do you understand by timed cylinder lubrication ?

Ans: For effective lubrication, lub oil needs to be injected between two piston rings when piston is at bottom of stroke so that piston
rides in oi during upward movement. This way lot of lub oil can be saved and used properly.

34. What is IIUCR in relation to petrol engine ?

Ans: HUCR is highest useful compression ratio at which the fuel can be used in a specific test engine, under specified operating
conditions, without knocking.

35. In some engines glycerine is used in place of water for cooling of engine. Why ?
Ans: Glycerine has boiling point of 90C which increases its heat carrying capacity. Thus weight of coolant gets reduced and smaller
riadiator can be used.

36. Why consumption of lubricating oil is more in two-stroke cycle petrol engine than four-stroke cycle petrol engine ?
Ans: In two-stroke engine lub oil is mixed with petrol and thus some lub oil is blown out through the exhaust valves by scavenging
and charging air. There is no such wastage in four stroke petrol engine.

37. As compression ratio increases, thermal n increases. How is thermal n affected by weak and rich mixture strength ?
Ans: Thermal n is high for weak mixture and it decreases as mixture strength becomes rich.

38. How engine design needs to be changed to burn lean mixture ?

Ans: Engine to burn lean mixture uses high compression ratio and the highly turbulent movement of the charge is produced by the
geometry of the combustion chamber.

39. Horse power of I.C. engines can be expressed as RAC rating, SAE rating, or DIN rating. To which countries these standards
belong ?
Ans: U.K., USA and Germany respectively.

40. What is the use of flash chamber in a vapour compression refrigeration cycle to improve the COP of refrigeration cycle ?
Ans: When liquid refrigerant as obtained from condenser is throttled, there are some vapours. These vapours if carried through the
evaporator will not contribute to refrigerating effect. Using a flash chamber at some intermediate pressure, the flash vapour at this
pressure can be bled off and fed back to the compression process. The throttling process is then carried out in stages. Similarly
compression process is also done in two separate compressor stages.

41. Why pistons are usually dished at top ?

Ans: Pistons are usually hollowed at top to (i) provide greater spa'e for combustion, (ii) increase surface for flue gases to act upon,
and (iii) better distribution of stresses.

42. What is the function of thermostat in cooling system of an engine ?

Ans: Thermostat ensures optimum cooling because excessive cooling decreases the overall efficiency. It allows cooling water to go
to radiator beyond a predetermined temperature.

43. What are the causes of failure of boiler tubes ?

Ans: Boiler tubes, usually are made from carbon steel and are subject to (a) high rates of heat transfer,( b ). bending stresses due to
uneven heating, especially at expanded or welded joints into headers or drums, external erosion from burners and flue gas, (d)
possible corrosion on the boiler side, and (e) occasional manufacturing defects.
Failure may occur due to following reasons :
(a) High thermal ratings may lead to rapid failure if the internal fluid flow is reduced for any reason. The resultant overheating leads
to a failure by creep, characterised by the bulging of the tube with the eventual development of a longitudinal split.
(b ) Fatigue cracking due to bending stresses occur. These are associated with change of section and/or weld undercut, where tubes
are expanded or welded into headers.
Failure may arise due to overstressing of a reduced section of metal.
(d) Sudden failure of the boiler tube due to corrosion arises from embrittlement of the carbon steel due to interaction between atomic
hydrogen from the corrosion process and the iron carbide present in the steel.
(e) Defects in tube manufacture, although far from being a regular occurrence, can be a cause of serious trouble. Lamination in
boiler tubes or score marks arising from the cold drawing of tubes, give rise to premature failure and may promote corrosion at these
regions.

44. What are the causes of failure of superheater tubes ?

Ans: Superheater tubes are subjected to the most severe combination of stress, temperature and corrosive environment. In addition
to high-temperature strength, resistance to corrosion is also important. For example, low-alloy ferritic steel such as -1/% Cr, 1% Mo
would not be used at metal temperatures above 580C because of inadequate resistance to corrosion and oxidation over a full
service life of 100,000/150,000 hr.
Failures in superheater tubes may arise from :
(a) Prior fabrication history (b ) Faulty heat treatment
Consequences of welding (d) Overheating of the tube metal

(e) Gas-side corrosion (f) Stress corrosion (austenitic steels).

45. Why supercritical boilers use less amount of steel compared to non-supercritical boilers ?
Ans: Supercritical boilers do not head heavy drum for separation of steam from mixture of water and steam.

46. Out of electric heater and heat pump, which is economical in operation ?
Ans: Heat pump.

47. Which furnace burns low-ash fusion coal and retains most of the coal ash in the slag?
Ans: Cyclone furnace.

48. How the thickness of thermal boundary layer and thickness of hydrodynamic boundary layer related ?
Ans: Ratio of their thickness = (Prandtl number)-1/3.

49. What is the effect of friction on flow of steam through a nozzle ?

Ans: To decrease both mass flow rate and wetness of steam.

50. Why gas turbine power plant needs efficient compressor ?

Ans: Because a large portion of turbine work is eaten away by compressor and its inefficiency will affect net power output and cost
of generation.

51. Why rockets using liquid hydrogen have higher specific impulse compared to liquid hydrocarbon ?
Ans: Liquid hydrogen has higher burning velocity.

52. Why axial flow compressor is preferred for gas turbines for aeroplanes ?

Ans: Because it has low frontal area.

53. What is the effect of inter cooling in gas turbines ?

Ans: It decreases thermal efficiency but increases net output.

54. Why iso-octane is chosen as reference fuel for S.I. engines and allotted 100 value for its octane number ?
Ans: Iso-octane permits highest compression without causing knocking.

55. Why thermal efficiency of I.C. engines is more than that of gas turbine plant ?
Ans: In I.C. engine maximum temperature attained is higher than in gas turbine.

56. Which are the reference fuels for knock rating of S.I. engines ?
Ans: n-heptane and ISO-octane.

57. When effect of variations in specific heats is considered then how do maximum temperature and pressure vary compared to air
standard cycle ?
Ans: Temperature increases and pressure decreases.

58. Quantities like pressure, temperature, density, viscosity, etc. are independent of mass. What are these called ?
Ans: Intensive properties.

59. The amount of radiation emitted per scm per sec is called .... ?
Ans: Emissive power.

60. In convection heat transfer, if heat flux intensity is doubled then temperature

difference between solid surface and fluid will ?

Ans: Get doubled.

61. How you can define coal ?

Ans: Coal is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon that consists of the fossilised remains of buried plant debris that have undergone
progressive physical and chemical alteration, called coalification, in the course of geologic time.

62. Which pollutant is major greenhouse gas and what is its effect ?
Ans: CO is major greenhouse gas and it traps the radiation of heat from the sun within earth's atmosphere.

63. In order to increase efficiency and reduce CO emissions and other emissions, clear coal technologies are receiving major
attention. What are these ?
Ans: (i) Advanced pulverised and pressurised pulverised fuel combustion.
(ii) Atmospheric fluidised bed combustion and pressurised fluidised bed combustion.
(iii) Supercritical boilers.
(iv) Integrated gasification combined cycle systems.
(v) Advanced integrated gasification, including fuel cell systems.
(vi) Magneto hydrodynamic electricity generation.

64. What are the important operational performance parameters in design of fuel firing equipment ?
Ans: Fuel flexibility, electrical load following capability, reliability, availability, and maintenance ease.

65. What is the differenc between total moisture and inherent moisture in coal ?
Ans: The moisture content of the bulk as sampled is referred to as total moisture, and that of the air dried sample is called inherent
moisture.

66. Proximity analysis of coal provides data for a first, general assessment of a coal's quality and type. What elements it reports ?
Ans: Moisture, volatile matter, ash and fixed carbon.

67. Ultimate analysis of coal is elementary analysis. What it is concerned with ?

Ans: Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulphur in coal on a weight percentage basis.

68. Explain the difference between AFBC, BFBC, PFBC and PCFB in regard to fluidised bed technologies.
Ans: AFBC (Atmospheric fluidised bed combustion) process consists of forming a bed of inert materials like finely sized ash or ash
mixed with sand, limestone (for sulphur removal), and solid fuel particles in a combustor and fluidising it by forcing combustion air up
through the bed mixture. The gas flows thorugh bed without disturbing particles significantly but gas velocity is high enough to
support the total weight of bed (fluidisation). At slightly higher velocity excess gas passes through the bed as bubbles (fluidised bed)
and gives the bed the appearance of a boiling liquid.
Bubbling fluidised bed combustion (BFBC) has a defined height of bed material and operates at or near atmospheric pressure in the
furnace.
Pressurised fluidised bed combustion (PFBC) system operates the bed at elevated pressure. Exhaust gases have sufficient energy
to power a gas turbine, of course, gases need to be cleaned.
In fluidised combustion, as ash is removed some unburned carbon is also removed resulting in lower efficiency. In circulating
fluidised bed combustion (CFBC) system, bed is operated at higher pressure leading to high heat transfer, higher combustion
efficiency, and better fuel feed. Circulating fluidised beds operate with relatively high gas velocities and fine particle sizes. The
maintenance of steady state conditions in a fast fluidised bed requires the continuous recycle of particles removed by the gas stream
(circulating bed). The term circulating bed is often used to include fluidised bed systems containing multiple conventional bubbling
beds between which bed material is exchanged.

69. What for Schmidt plot for is used in heat transfer problems ?
Ans: Schmidt plot is a graphical method for determining the temperature at any point in a body at a specified time during the
transient heating or cooling period.

70. In which reactor the coolant and moderator are the same ?
Ans: Pressurised water reactor.

71. Which reactor has no moderator ?

Ans: Fast breeder reactor.

72. What are thermal neutrons ?

Ans: Thermal neutrons are slow neutrons (having energy below 1 eV) which are in thermal equilibrium with their surroundings.

73. What is big advantage of fast breeder reactor ?

Ans: It has rapid self breeding of fissile fuel during the operation of the reactor, and thus, it offers about sixty times the output with
same natural uranium resources through ordinary non-breeder nuclear reactor.

74. What is the purpose of biological shield in nuclear plants ?

Ans: Biological shield of heavy concrete prevents exposure to neutrons, beta rays and gamma rays which kill living things.

75. Which two elements have same percentage in proximate and ultimate analysis of coal?
Ans: Moisture and ash.

76. On which analysis is based the Dulong's formula for the heating value of fuel ?
Ans: On ultimate analysis.

77. Which element causes difference in higher and lower heating values of fuel ?
Ans: Hydrogen.

78. Which heating value is indicated by a calorimeter and why ?

Ans: Gross heating value because steam is condensed and heat of vapour formed is recovered.

79. State the difference between ultimate and proximate analysis of coal ?

Ans: In ultimate analysis, chemical determination of following elements is made by weight: Fixed and combined carbon, H, O, N, S,
water and ash. Heating value is due to C, H and S.
In proximate analysis following constituents are mechanically determined by weight. Moisture, volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash.
Heating value is due to fixed carbon and volatile matter.

80. What is fuel ratio ?

Ans: Fuel ratio is the ratio of its % age of fixed carbon to volatile matter.

81. How the analyses and calorific values of fuels can be reported ?
Ans: It may be reported as
(a) as received or fired (wet) basis
(b ) dry or moisture free basis
combustible or ash and moisture free basis

82. What is the difference between nuclear fission and fission chain reaction.
Ans: The process of splitting of nucleus into two almost equal fragments accompanied by release of heat is nuclear fission. Self
sustained, continuing, sequence of fission reactions in a controlled manner is fission chain reaction.

83. Explain difference between fissile and fertile materials.

Ans: The materials which can give nuclear fission e.g. U 35, Pu 39, U 33 are fissile materials. Fertile material itself is not
fissionable, but it can be converted to a fissionable material by irradiation of neutrons in a nuclear reactor.

84. What do you understand by fuel cycle in nuclear plants ?

Ans: Fuel cycle a series of sequential steps involved in supplying fuel to a nuclear power reactor. The steps include : Mining, refining
uranium, fabrication of fuel elements, their use in nuclear reactor, chemical processing to recover remaining fissionable material, reenrichment of fuel from recovered material, refabrication of new fuel elements, waste storage etc.

85. What is heavy water and what is its use in nuclear plants ?

Ans: Water containing heavy isotopes of hydrogen (Deuterium) is known as heavy water. Heavy water is used as a moderator.
Heavy water has low cross section for absorption of neutrons than ordinary water. Heavy water slows down the fast neutrons and
thus moderates the chain reaction.

86. What is a converter reactor ?

Ans: A reactor plant which is designed to produce more fuel than it consumes. The breeding is obtained by converting fertile
material to fissile material.

87. Explain nuclear reactor in brief.

Ans: A plant which initiates, sustains, controls and maintains nuclear fission chain reaction and provides shielding against
radioactive radiation is nuclear reactor.

88. What is the difference between conversion and enrichment ?

Ans: The process of converting the non fissile U 38 to fissile U-35 is also called "Conversion". The material like U 38 which can be
converted to a fissile material by the neutron flux is called "fertile material". The conversion is obtained within the nuclear reactor
during the chain reaction.
Enrichment is the process by which the proportion of fissile uranium isotope (U-35) is increased above 0.7% (original % in natural
uranium).
The concentration of U-35 in the uranium hexafluoride is increased from the 0.7% in natural uranium to to 4%. This is called
enrichment and is accomplished in an enrichment plant.

89. Disposal of radioactive waste materials and spent fuel is a major and important technology. How the waste radioactive material is
disposed off ?
Ans: Nonusable fission products are radioactive and take short/medium/long time for radioactive decay to reach safe level of
radioactivity. Accordingly three methods of disposal are :
(a) Zero or low radioactivity material is dispersed or stored without elaborate shielding.
(b ) Medium radioactivity material is stored for short duration of about 5 years to allow decay of radioactivity.
High radioactive material. They are stored in water for several months to permit radioactive decay to an accepetable low level.

90. Which nuclear reactor uses water as a coolant, moderator and reflector ?

Ans: Pressurised water reactor.

91. Which reactor produces more fissionable material than it consumes ?

Ans: Breeder reactor.

92. Which reactor uses natural uranium as fuel ?

Ans: Gas cooled reacator.

93. Which reactor uses heavy water as moderator ?

Ans: CANDU.

94. Which reactor requires no moderator ?

Ans: Breeder reactor.

95. Which reactor uses primary coolant as fluoride salts of lithium, beryllium, thorium and uranium ?
Ans: Molten salt breeder reactor.

96. Why an increase in area is required to produce an increase of velocity in case of supersonic flow ?
Ans: Increase in area for increase in velocity for supersonic flow is required because the density decreases faster than velocity
increases at supersonic speeds and to maintain continuity of mass, area must increase.

97. Under what circumstances would there be an increase in pressure in a divergent nozzle ?
Ans: For subsonic flow at inlet section of a diffuser a lower velocity and higher pressure will exist at the exit section. For supersonic
isentropic flow at the inlet section a higher velocity and lower pressure will exist at the exit but if a shock wave occurs in the diffuser
then a higher pressure will exist at the exit.

98. Why water can't be used as refrigerant for small refrigerating equipment ?
Ans: The refrigerant should be such that vapour volume is low so that pumping work will be low. Water vapour volume is around
4000 times compared to R- for a given mass.

99. Which parameter remains constant in a throttling process ?

Ans: Enthalpy.

100. What is the difference between isentropic process and throttlinglprocess ?

Ans: In isentropic process, heat transfer takes place and in throttling process, enthalpy before and after the process is same.

1. Difference between 'Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer'

Thermodynamics mainly deals with the transfer of energy in form of heat or work between systems and surroundings with other
systems in form of either heat or work in equilibrium conditions. When there is change in one state, which was in equilibrium state and
starting to change in other equilibrium state, this information helps to determine heat or work interactions due to this process. While

Heat transfer deals with non equilibrium heat exchange or transfer due to temperature gradient while in thermodynamics, during
thermal equilibrium (No temperature gradient) no heat exchange is possible. [Read moreinterview questions on Thermodynamics]. Heat
never transfer when there is no temperature gradient.

2. Difference between Pipe and tube

There always a debate between differentiation of pipe and tube. Pipe is always designated by its Inside Diameter (ID) because
main purpose of pipe is to carry fluid, while the

Tube is always designated by its Outside Diameter (OD). Pipe's thickness is sometimes called as schedule and tube's thickness
is gauge.

As per the tolerance basis, tubes requires higher tolerances as to that of pipe and tubes are more costlier in
manufacturing compared to pipe production.
3. Difference between Flywheel and Governor

The function of flywheel is to store the energy/power produced during the power stroke of an engine and this stored energy is used during
remaining stroke to make piston up and down during working of engine while governor tries control the speedof an engine due to variation in
load. It does this work by reducing or increasing the amount of fuel passing to the engine.

4.

Difference

between

tempering

and

annealing

Annealing is a process in which workpiece is heated up to certain temperature to get desired changes in grain or micro-structure and then
allowed to cool slowly in order to relieve the stresses during work treatment. While tempering is a process wherein hardness and elasticity or
ductility can be regain by use of heating and cooling cycle till desired properties can be obtained.

1) What safety precautions should be observed while working in the workshop ?

1) Keep shop floor clean, free from oil and other slippery materials.
2) Wear proper dress and avoid loose clothing and loose hair.
3) Wear shoes and avoid chapels.
4) Avoid playing, loose talk and funning inside the shop floor.
5) Keep good housekeeping and put all unnecessary items and rejected items in scrap box.
6) Learn everything about the machine before starting and clear all the doubts.
7) Keep a safe distance from rotating and sliding parts.
8) Never store inflammable materials inside or around the shop.
9) Never play with electricity, fire, parts with sharp edge etc.
10) Keep fire buckets and extinguishers ready for use.
2) What are the precautions to be taken to avoid fire ?
1) The buckets along with sand should be placed inside the workshop.
2) Switches and other electrical parts must be made of fireproof material.
3) Carbon dioxide gas should be place at required points in special containers.
4) Fire extinguishers of suitable type should be placed at accessible places.

3) What are the methods of extinguishing fire ?

1) Starvation. Separating or removing the burning material from the neighbour hood of the fire.
2) Blanketing. Preventing the air flow to the fire.
3) Cooling. Lowering the heat created by burning materials.
4) What is a Drawing ?
It is a graphical representation of a real thing to define and specify the shape and size of a particular object by means of
lines.
5) What is Engineering Drawing ?
A drawing which is worked out an engineer for the engineering purpose is known as Engineering Drawing.
6) What is a sketching ?
This is freehand expression of the graphic language.
7) What do you mean by First Aid ?
First Aid is immediate and temporary care given to a person who affected accidental injury or a sudden illness before the
arrival of doctor.
8) What is an accident ?
An accident is a unexpected and unforeseen event which may or may not injury to a person or a machine tool.
9) What are the standard sizes of drawing board as per Indian Standards?
As per Indian Standards :1250900,900650,650500,500350,350250 sizes are available.
10) What are the functions of a scale ?
(a) To measure distance accurately.
(b) For making drawing to scale either in full size, reduced size or enlarged size.

What are you doing nowadays?

They are looking for your mental attitude by asking you this question.

If you are finding job, you should straight forward tell them the truth. They will ask for the reason why there is delay in
getting job? You should tell the correct reason behind it. They actually find whether candidate is right person with right attitude or not. Do not
give meaningless answer. They will find thepit hole in it and mark them as negative points.

If you are working somewhere else, tell the complete details, do not hide anything. They will further ask you about
company and designation of yours and some question related to it measure your behavior in that company or professional life.

What is your favorite subject in Mechanical engineering?

Just be prepared for this question. This is the moment where you can prove yourself as sound in knowledge by saying
your favorite subject. Normally they are looking for the subject in which their company is based on. If you are applying for the design job and
you tell them thermal science asfavorite subject, there is no problem. They will just check whether you are speaking truth or not. Do not tell

them your favorite subject is Machine Design. If they keep throwing question regarding Machine Design, you will be caught. Do not worry if
you tell other than the subject of company. Be true to yourself. You will be trained once you will be recruited.

What was your project topic during Mechanical engineering?

They will looking for leadership and overall quality in this question. If you did project in group work, they will find out
your leadership quality by related question.

What was your role?

How much time it has taken to complete the project?

What is the role of guide in the project? Thus they will measure you.

How do you see yourself after 5 years from now?

They want leaning and growth as your aim in this question. Do not tell I want to be General Manager or higher post in
short time. It is joke actually. Tell the systematic plan for pursuance of your goal.
What are the software you know?
You should have basic software knowledge to be used in mechanical engineering work. You should know AutoCAD,
Pro-Engineer and one Analysis software like ANSYS.
All these question will contains sub-questions based on your answer to each question. Do not tell a lie. This will waste time ofinterview and at
the end,you will have more negative points and less positive.

Tell me about yourself.

Why should I hire you?

What are your strengths and weaknesses?

Why do you want to work at our company?

What is the difference between confidence and over confidence?

What is the difference between hard work and smart work?

How do you feel about working nights and weekends?

Can you work under pressure?

Are you willing to relocate or travel?

What are your goals?

What motivates you to do good job?

What makes you angry?

Give me an example of your creativity.

How long would you expect to work for us if hired?

Are not you overqualified for this position?

Describe your ideal company, location and job.

What are your career options right now?

Explain how would be an asset to this organization?

What are your outside interests?

Would you lie for the company?

Who has inspired you in your life and why?

What was the toughest decision you ever had to make?

Have you considered starting your own business?

How do you define success and how do you measure up to your own definition?

If you won $10 million lottery, would you still work?

Tell me something about our company.

How much salary do you expect?

Where do you see yourself five years from now?

On a scale of one to ten, rate me as an interviewer.

Do you have any questions for me?

Category :: HR Interview Questions For Experienced

Why did you resign from your previous job?

Why have you been out of work so long?

Why have you had so many jobs?

Tell me about a situation when your work was criticized.

Could you have done better in your last job?

Tell me about the most boring job you have ever had.

May I contact your present employer for a reference?

How many hours a week do you normally work?

What was the toughest challenge you have ever faced?

Have you been absent from work more than a few days in any previous position?

What changes would you make if you came on board?

What would you say to your boss if he is crazy about an idea, but you think it stinks?

How could you have improved your career progress?

Tell me honestly about the strong points and weak points of your boss (company, management team, etc.)

Looking back on your last position, have you done your best work?

Why should I hire you from the outside when I could promote someone from within?

How do you feel about reporting to a younger person?

Looking back, what would you do differently in your life?

Why are not you earning more money at this stage of your career?

1.Tell me about yourself

The most often asked question in interviews. You need to have a short statement prepared in your mind. Be careful that it does not
sound rehearsed. Limit it to work-related items unless instructedotherwise. Talk about things you have done and jobs you have held
that relate to the position youare interviewing for. Start with the item farthest back and work up to the present.
2. Why did you leave your last job?
Stay positive regardless of the circumstances. Never refer to a major problem with managementand never speak ill of supervisors,
co-workers or the organization. I f you do, you will be the onelooking bad. Keep smiling and talk about leaving for a positive reason
such as an opportunity, achance to do something special or other forward-looking reasons.
3. What experience do you have in this field?
Speak about specifics that relate to the position you are applying for. If you do not have specificexperience, get as close as you can.
4. Do you consider yourself successful?
You should always answer yes and briefly explain why. A good explanation is that you have setgoals, and you have met some and
are on track to achieve the others.
5. What do co-workers say about you?
Be prepared with a quote or two from co-workers. Either a specific statement or a paraphrase willwork. Jill Clark, a co-worker at
Smith Company, always said I was the hardest workers she had ever known. It is as powerful as Jill having said it at the interview
herself.

6. What do you know about this organization?

This question is one reason to do some research on the organization before the interview. Find outwhere they have been and where
they are going. What are the current issues and who are themajor players?
7. What have you done to improve your knowledge in the last year?
Try to include improvement activities that relate to the job. A wide variety of activities can bementioned as positive self-improvement.
Have some good ones handy to mention.
8. Are you applying for other jobs?
Be honest but do not spend a lot of time in this area. Keep the focus on this job and what you cando for this organization. Anything
else is a distraction.
9. Why do you want to work for this organization?
This may take some thought and certainly, should be based on the research you have done on theorganization. Sincerity is
extremely important here and will easily be used. Relate it to your long-term career goals.
10. Do you know anyone who works for us?
Be aware of the policy on relatives working for the organization. This can affect your answer eventhough they asked about friends
not relatives. Be careful to mention a friend only if they are wellthought of.
11. What kind of salary do you need?
A loaded question. A nasty little game that you will probably lose if you answer first. So, do notanswer it. Instead, say something like,
that,s a tough question. Can you tell me the range for thisposition? In most cases, the interviewer, taken off guard, will tell you. If not,
say that it can dependon the details of the job. Then give a wide range.
12. Are you a team player?
You are, of course, a team player. Be sure to have examples ready. Specifics that show you oftenperform for the good of the team
rather than for yourself is good evidence of your team attitude. Donot brag; just say it in a matter-of-fact tone? This is a key point.
13. How long would you expect to work for us if hired?
Specifics here are not good. Something like this should work: I,d like it to be a long time. Or As longas we both feel I,m doing a good
job.
14. Have you ever had to fire anyone? How did you feel about that?
This is serious. Do not make light of it or in any way seem like you like to fire people. At the sametime, you will do it when it is the
right thing to do. When it comes to the organization versus theindividual who has created a harmful situation, you will protect the
organization. Remember firing isnot the same as layoff or reduction in force.
15. What is your philosophy towards work?
The interviewer is not looking for a long or flowery dissertation here. Do you have strong feelingsthat the job gets done? Yes. That,s
the type of answer were that works best here. Short andpositive, showing a benefit to the organization.

16. If you had enough money to retire right now, would you?
Answer yes if you would. But since you need to work, this is the type of work you prefer. Do not sayyes if you do not mean it.
17. Have you ever been asked to leave a position?
If you have not, say no. If you have, be honest, brief and avoid saying negative things about thepeople or organization involved.
18. Explain how you would be an asset to this organization?
You should be anxious for this question. It gives you a chance to highlight your best points as theyrelate to the position being
discussed. Give a little advance thought to this relationship.
19. Why should we hire you?
Point out how your assets meet what the organization needs. Do not mention any other candidatesto make a comparison.
20. Tell me about a suggestion you have made?
Have a good one ready. Be sure and use a suggestion that was accepted and was then consideredsuccessful. One related to the
type of work applied for is a real plus.

1. Assuming that you are selected, what will be your strategy for next 60 days?
If I am selected for this position, Ill use my initial 60 days in understanding my role carefully in terms of the contribution to the business
and increasing the overall profitability. Ill sit with my line manager and other juniors to understand what has already been done and what
its impact has been. From there on, Ill formulate my strategy to growth in close conjunction with managers and see that it is properly
implemented.

2. How would you improve upon our product/ company?

Since Id be coming from an altogether new environment, I am bound to possess a new perspective towards everything here including the
company, product, customers, environment, strategy etc. This will enable me to constructively question things which anyone else here might
not do. This will help in improving the things and making the product & company better.
Having worked closely with product development team I understand how the research for product development is carried out and how is
customer requirement analysed; Id be able to provide a value addition there too.
HR interview questions and answers for freshers
HR interview questions and answers for experienced
16 more HR interview questions with answers
Sample HR interview questions and answers

3. Dont you think, you are overqualified for this position?

You might feel that I possess more degrees than you require for this position. But, I believe that I grow everyday when I talk to my staff,
customers and superiors. So, basically the learning process continues through out the life I dont think I am over qualified.

4. Have you ever had a problem with your peer? Can you give us an example?
Yes, it happened once. I was quite friendly with a colleague of mine from the other department. While talking to him during the lunch hour, I
casually told him about the new marketing strategy that the marketing team was thinking about. He mentioned it to his boss and that caused
a lot of confusion between the two departments. This taught me a lesson that you must not discuss any departmental strategies with anyone
from other department unless you have been authorised by your boss.

Approach to answer HR interview questions

HR Interview Questions - Infosys
HR interview questions for freshers - TCS
Interview questions for HR Professionals

5. I see, theres some gap in your work history. Why?

Yes, I was feeling exhausted after years of non-stop work. So, I decided to take a break and spend some time with my family on a
rejuvenating vacation. I am happy to have returned fully recharged.

6. Can you tell us something about your previous boss?

All my bosses possessed some skills worth learning. I have always tried to learn something new from them including my previous boss.

7. Is there anything that you do not like about your last or current job?
I was quite enthusiastic while joining my last job. Towards the end, the number of challenges and opportunity to grow further started
diminishing. A challenge loving and growth oriented person like me doesnt enjoy this.

8.Have there been instances, when your decision was challenged by your colleague or manager?
Yes, there have been many such instances. I like people who challenge my decisions rather than following me blindly. This keeps me
ensured that I am surrounded by thinking brains rather than just a set of dumb followers.
When someone challenges your decisions, you are bound to rethink over it and the chances of reaching the best option are brighter.

9. If you are allowed to change one thing about your last job, what would it be?
I have been working at a senior level since last many years. These roles have always needed me to make real time decisions. Sometimes
the facts, figures and other information in real time cases are not complete & still we have to make a decision. In such cases, there exists a
probability of making inaccurate decisions.
Knowing this, I usually run down my old decisions to see the outcome. It makes sure that I dont repeat a mistake ever again in future. While
carrying out one such exercise, I realised that the product promotion strategy that I recommended would have been different, if I had had the
complete data and figures but there was no way to get them in real time.

10. How long can you commit to work with us?

I like new challenges and a chance to grow. As long I keeping getting these, I dont think Ill need to switch over. Id like to believe that this
relationship lasts for many years. However, I havent set a time limit as such.

11. You seem to be drawing a good salary. Will you be OK in taking a salary cut?
I believe that at one point of time in career salary becomes secondary and self actualisation become more important. While taking up any
new job, it will be my priority to ensure that the work culture, chances to contribute and grow are sufficient along with the money I am paid. I
also believe that any good company who cares about its employees ensures that they are paid well.

12. What is your expected salary?

I believe that an ideal remuneration for any position recognises the ability, rewards the performance and provides the employee an
opportunity to indulge in his hobbies and passions. I am sure that this company also takes care of these.

13. Would you like to ask us anything?

I would like to know about the career growth I can expect being with this company. I am quite an ambitious person and this information will be
helpful.

1. Can you tell me about the most exciting aspect of your job?
Answer: The purpose of this question is to see how excited you are about the things you do and your inclination towards any particular thing.

To answer this question, discuss about the important things that you do in your job and then go on to explain any particular thing that you like
to do the most. Also, explain the reasons behind liking that particular activity.
For e.g. Being in the field of marketing some of my important responsibilities are getting the collaterals developed, interacting with the
online and print media, crafting effective marketing messages, training the new recruits etc. Having an interest in training I find, training the
new recruits and getting them hit the road most exciting.
This tells the recruiter that given a job to manage a team of new recruits, you will be able to handle them well.

2. If you are asked to do something different in your job, what would it be? Why?
Answer: The purpose of this question is to check your ability to think logically out of the box and take an action.
This question can be answered by telling the recruiter about something that you think can make a difference to the job you are currently
doing. For a better explanation, convert the actions you propose into results. Also, at this point in time, you need to tell them about the action
you have taken with your proposal this saves you from being perceived just as a thinker.
For e.g. I believe that communicating the information of our new ad-campaign to the internal team will motivate everyone and also have
them perform with more vigour. The template for this is in process and very soon we will see it in action.

3. Has there been a time when you went beyond your job role? How did you take up the challenge?
Answer: This question aims to see, if you are happy to extend yourself beyond your regular job or do you like to perform only a given set of
activities. This is also a test of your flexibility.
Explain about how you went about doing that extra thing focussing on its effect on the organization.
For e.g. I have been working in my current company for last 4 years, so I know the business pretty well. Whenever theres a new initiative
required to be taken in the business, I am one of the very first choices of the top management. Some time back the company decided to start
a new department whose responsibility will be to attract new customers. Initially it was to be done on the trial basis and I was given the
responsibility to perform this trial. I could do it successfully, without much assistance from the seniors. Today, this department has 5
employees working in it and the business has grown up by 40%.

. Describe the work environment of your dream job.

Answer: Many employees leave the job or are laid off because they are a misfit to the work environment. The purpose of this question is to
see if your perception of a good work environment is similar to the environment in this organization.
Theres no wrong or right answer for this question. Communicate the factors important to you in your work environment. Additionally, you can
ask them about the work environment in the company when given a chance.

5. Describe your imaginary co-worker to us.

Answer: Your imagination about your co-workers helps the interviewer in understanding your readiness to take up a particular position, your
team playing attitude and your style of management.
For example, if you are being interviewed for a managerial position, you can say something like: Being the leader of team, I would like my
team to be full of energy and vigour. They should be able to think creatively and put across their views without any fear. While being
independent thinkers, they must respect the discipline at work and focus on performance. I would appreciate that each team member must
respect each others views and yes, Ill ensure that they get a congenial environment to work in.

6. Describe your imaginary boss to me.

Answer: Your answer to this question gives the interviewer an insight into your style of management and your ability to get along with the
boss.
Answer this question by focussing on the qualities you may seek in your boss like good knowledge, respect for team members,
understanding, good sense of humour which every boss would like to think, they have in abundance. Make sure that at no point of time,
your answer shows that you need a boss who doesnt question you back or gives you too much liberty as this might mean that you do not
like discipline and cant get along well with people.

7. Describe your work life as a news headline. Why would it be so?

Answer: Prima facie this may look like a question testing your creative skills but dont go by the looks of it. This is the twisted form of our
traditional question Tell us something about yourself. So, define your work life and provide it a good heading. Sum up the factors that make
you choose the heading.

8. Have you ever been in a situation where significant change was made to your team, department or organisation?
How did you adjust?
Answer: The purpose of this question is to check your adaptability and flexibility. Did you feel victimized?
Answer this question by mentioning the change that was made but the main focus should be on how you adjusted in that situation and the
results you achieved afterwards.
For example you can say something like, Being an early joiner in the marketing team, I opened a lot of new customer accounts. Over the
time the team grew and we had more people in the team opening more accounts. At one point of time, we had to re-distribute the accounts
area wise so that a particular territory can be allotted to each one of us. This re-distribution meant loss of my high performing accounts and a
requirement to develop new accounts in the assigned territory. Initially, it looked difficult but I could understand the need for this redistribution and saw more opportunities for the company and myself. I introduced my colleagues to the old accounts I held and started
strategizing for better ways to tap the new territory. Within 6 months, I could develop 50 new accounts with the help of new strategy. Usually
we would achieve this result in 9 months to a year.

9. Have you ever conducted an on the job training? Describe your experience.
This question tests your subject knowledge, training capabilities and communication skills.
Explain the interviewer, the role you held, the training plan and material you developed and the actual training you imparted. Focus on how
you measured the performance and how soon could you get the new recruits hit the ground running.

0. Have you ever felt being overloaded with work? How did you deal with it?
The purpose of this question is not to see whether you feel overwhelmed by work because at some point of time all of us experience that.
The basic purpose of the question is to see how you do handle it.
Discuss the strategies like prioritizing the work, taking quick actions, striking off the completed items from the list, delegation etc. or anything
else you do to handle the work pressure.
They demonstrate your ability to manage different things effectively.

11. Have you had a chance to give feedback about another person? How did it help them?
This question aims to check your ability to analyse others and communicate your thoughts.
Focus your answer on the factors, on which your assessment was based and the way you communicated it.

12. Give an example where you had a hot discussion with an internal party or external party.
On the face of it this may sound like a question trying to check your temper but the real purpose is to see who caused the problem and what
role did you play in it were you the one who caused the problem or solved it?
To answer the question you may chose an example, mention about the problem and focus on how you went about solving the problem.
For e.g. I was pretty upset with the way one of my colleagues was working as my activities were dependent on what he did. I tried to
explain it to him but he would turn a deaf ear to it. One fine day we had an argument over it I decided to solve it between us as our
manager was occupied with something more important. I proposed that we discussed it in the meeting room rather than in open. I told him
how his activities were having a negative impact on his and my work & the department as a whole. I listened to his point of views as well and
realised that he had not understood the process well. We spent two hours together understanding and streamlining the process. Once we
implemented this process, we saw our problems going down and our performance improved.

3. Have you ever given a feedback on anyones poor performance?

It may look like the interviewer is trying to judge your back-biting habit but the real purpose of the question is to see if you take proactive
measures in things which you think may harm the company and inform the stakeholders.
Focus your answer on your proactive approach and the process you adopted to give the feedback.

14. Has there been any chance when your boss was not very happy with your performance?
Not being able to perform well on certain things is not a problem. The purpose here is to see what did you do about your poor performance?
Were you able to analyse the reasons for your poor performance? How did you deal with them?

A person who can assess his own performance is a great asset for a manager. Discuss about how you analysed your performance and took
corrective actions to answer this question.

15. How would you deal with a team member who is consistently underperforming?
As a manager you will come across team members who do not perform well. With this question, the interviewer tries to see your way of
dealing with underperforming employees and your ability to make hard decisions if their performance doesnt improve.
Explain about the steps like counselling, training, job rotation you would take to help the employee improve his performance & ultimately your
ability to make the hard decision if nothing works.