Well-Logging Lab No. 9

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Drilling & Well-logging Course

Porosity - Logs Cross-Plots
Dr. Adel Al-Matary
Well-logging Lab No. 9

Porosity Logs 49
Table 4.13. Log values from Figures 4.1, 4.3, and 4.5, used to determine porosity and lithology.
Depth
Raw Data
Neutron-Density Crossplot
DT
RHOB
PE
NPHI
Lithology
PhiND
11,508
51
2.73
5.0
0.005
Limestone
0.000
11,522
47
2.75
3.2
0.090
Dolomite
0.070
11,545
57
2.67
3.7
0.130
Dolomite
0.110
11,560
48
2.96
4.8
-0.010
Anhydrite
0.000
11,593
50
2.70
5.6
0.000
Limestone
0.000
11,615
51
2.97
5.1
-0.010
Anhydrite
0.000
11,631
67
2.50
3.8
0.290
Dolomite (w/anhydrite?)
0.230
11,645
52
2.82
3.5
0.140
Dolomite (w/anhydrite?)
0.100
11,655
57
2.64
3.5
0.160
Dolomite
0.130
11,665
52
2.68
5.5
0.010
Limestone
0.010
11,696
50
2.76
5.1
0.010
Dolomitic limestone
0.005
Depth
Raw Data
Neutron-Sonic Crossplot
DT
RHOB
PE
NPHI
Lithology
PhiNS
11,508
51
2.73
5.0
0.005
Sandy limestone
0.000
11,522
47
2.75
3.2
0.090
Dolomite
0.070
11,545
57
2.67
3.7
0.130
Limestone
0.130
11,560
48
2.96
4.8
-0.010
Anhydrite
0.000
11,593
50
2.70
5.6
0.000
Limestone
0.010
11,615
51
2.97
5.1
-0.010
Anhydrite?
0.000
11,631
67
2.50
3.8
0.290
Dolomite
0.240
11,645
52
2.82
3.5
0.140
Dolomite
0.120
11,655
57
2.64
3.5
0.160
Limy dolomite
0.145
11,665
52
2.68
5.5
0.010
Sandy limestone
0.020
11,696
50
2.76
5.1
0.010
Sandy limestone
0.010
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Dr. Adel Al-Matary
66 ASQUITH AND KRYGOWSKI
Figure 4.11. Neutron-density crossplot.

Lithology and porosity can be determined
from the neutron-density crossplot.
Procedure:
1. The point is located on the plot from
the intersection of the neutron and density
(limestone) values. Density may be bulk
density (left axis of chart) or density
porosity (right axis of chart).
2. The porosity of the point is determined
by its location relative to lines connecting
points of equal porosity on the two
lithology lines between which it is plotted.
Note that the neutron porosity (NPHI)
values in Table 4.13 are decimal fractions,
and the neutron limestone porosity values
in Figure 4.11 are in percent. A value
listed as 0.010 in the table is equal to a
value of 1% on the figure.
3. The lithology of the point is determined
by its location relative to the two lithology
lines, with the proximity to each line an
indication of the percentage of each of the
mineral pairs. Note that the lithology
determination can be ambiguous (e.g., a
point lying between the calcite and
dolomite lines also lies between the quartz
and dolomite lines). Use the smallest
value ma for each lithology to do the
calculations.
Courtesy Halliburton Energy Services, 1994 Halliburton Energy Services
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Dr. Adel Al-Matary

Porosity Logs 67
Figure 4.12. Neutron-sonic

crossplot.
Lithology and porosity can be determined
from the neutron-sonic crossplot.
Procedure:
1. The point is located on the plot
from the intersection of the neutron
and sonic values.
2. The porosity of the point is
determined by its location relative to
lines connecting points of equal
porosity on the two lithology lines
between which it is plotted. Note
that the neutron porosity (NPHI)
values in Table 4.13 are decimal
fractions, and the neutron limestone
porosity values in Figure 4.12 are in
percent. A value listed as 0.010 in
the table is equal to a value of 1%
on the figure.
3. The lithology of the point is
determined by its location relative to
the two lithology lines, with the
proximity to each line an indication of
the percentage of each of the mineral
pairs. Note that the lithology
determination can be ambiguous
(e.g., a point lying between the
calcite and dolomite lines also lies
between the quartz and dolomite
lines). For this exercise, use the
curves labeled Empirical, which are
based on the Gardner-Hunt-Raymer
equation.
Note: On this graph, anhydrite plots at
the point where neutron limestone
porosity = 1% and interval transit time
= 50 sec/ft.
Courtesy Halliburton Energy Services, 1994 Halliburton Energy Services
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50
Dr. Adel Al-Matary
ASQUITH AND KRYGOWSKI
Depth
Raw Data
Spectral Density Crossplot
DT
RHOB
PE
NPHI
Lithology
11,508
51
2.73
5.0
0.005
Limestone (w/anhydrite?)
0.000
11,522
47
2.75
3.2
0.090
Dolomite
0.060
11,545
57
2.67
3.7
0.130
Limy dolomite
0.080
11,560
48
2.96
4.8
-0.010
Anhydrite
0.000
11,593
50
2.70
5.6
0.000
Limestone
0.000
11,615
51
2.97
5.1
-0.010
Anhydrite
0.000
11,631
67
2.50
3.8
0.290
Limy dolomite
0.160
11,645
52
2.82
3.5
0.140
Limy dolomite
0.010
11,655
57
2.64
3.5
0.160
Limy dolomite
0.100
11,665
52
2.68
5.5
0.010
Limestone
0.010
11,696
50
2.76
5.1
0.010
Limestone (w/anhydrite?)
0.000
Data plotted on this crossplot show the following

patterns: For a single pure mineralogy, the data plot
around the point representing that mineralogy. For
binary mineral systems, the data plot along a line connecting the two mineralogical members, with the location of the points along the line indicative of the mineral mixture of each point. For ternary systems, the
data plot in a triangle with the three member mineralogies as the vertices of the triangle, and with the
location of each data point in the triangle indicative of
the mineral mixture of that point. Note that porosity is
not predicted from this plot but is determined from the
earlier two-component crossplots.
Although two common mineral triangles are usually used as examples (either quartz/calcite/dolomite or
calcite/dolomite/anhydrite), any three minerals that
plot uniquely on the crossplot can be used. One need
not see data clustered around a particular mineral endpoint to sense the presence of a mineral. The presence
of small amounts of a mineral tend to draw the data
away from the primary mineral (or mineral mixture)
and toward the secondary mineral endpoint.
Table 4.16 shows the calculation of M and N values
and the resulting lithology estimations from Figure
4.15.
PhiSpD
Mineral-identification Plots
These plots rely on the calculation of apparent
matrix values as crossplot parameters. The apparent
matrix values are determined (when done graphically)
through what are essentially crossplots, created to
emphasize matrix values rather than porosity. Apparent matrix density (maa) is determined from an equivalent of the neutron-density crossplot and is shown in
Figure 4.16. Apparent matrix travel time (tmaa) is
determined from an equivalent of the neutron-sonic
crossplot and is shown in Figure 4.17. The calculation
of apparent matrix values (Western Atlas, 1995) is:
4.11
4.12
where:
b = bulk density (from the log)
fl = fluid density
ND = neutron-density crossplot porosity
t = interval transit time (from the log)
tfl = fluid transit time
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Dr. Adel Al-Matary
68 ASQUITH AND KRYGOWSKI
Figure 4.13. Spectral density crossplot (bulk density and

photoelectric effect).
Lithology and porosity can be determined from the spectraldensity crossplot.
Procedure:
1.The point is located on the plot from the intersection of
the bulk-density and Pe values.
2. The porosity of the point is determined by its location
relative to lines connecting points of equal porosity on the
two lithology lines between which it is plotted.
3. The lithology of the point is determined by its location
relative to the two lithology lines, with the proximity to each
line an indication of the percentage of each of the mineral
pairs. Note that the lithology determination can be
ambiguous (e.g., a point lying between the calcite and
dolomite lines also lies between the quartz and dolomite
lines).
Courtesy Schlumberger Wireline & Testing, 1998 Schlumberger

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ch04_v2.

Drilling & Well-logging Course

Dr. Adel Al-Matary

Drilling & Well-logging Course

Dr. Adel Al-Matary