ASSIGNMENT TOPIC

Your company has been awarded a contract of developing and constructing a

New International Airport 30 K.M. away from a city. You have been appointed
as planning Engineer (Materials and Equipment). Project is to be
implemented in phases. In phase 1. One strip of landing of 100m width is to
be constructed in 100 days. The scope of work for this assignment is as
Follows

a) Cutting and Dozing of 100,000 cum of earth. Average height 0.75m.

b) Transportation of 20,000 cum of surplus cum of surplus earth from
site to dumping place 3 K.M. away from site (including spreading.)
Filling of 80,000km in landing strip.
c) Bringing in 300 cum of sand from 20 K.M. (including spreading and
leveling at site)
d) Procurement of 1,50,000 liters of Bitumen. Duration of work 30 days
from 60th day stating of work. Bitumen to be obtained from refinery at
Bongaigaon in Assam. Lead time up to site is 45 days. Storage facility
available at site 50,000 liters tank.
Estimate total cost of work and your plan of
i.
ii.

Equipment planning Procurement & Deployment.

Ordering and replenishing of Bitumen.

SCOPE OF WORK & DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENTS

CONSIDERED SCOPE OF WORK

Work involves developing and constructing a new International Airport 30

K.M. away from a city. This project is to be implemented in phases. In phase
I, one strip of landing of 100m width is to be constructed in 100 days. The
scope of work is as follows:

I. Earthwork
a) Cutting and Dozing of earth.
Quantity - 1,00,000 cum
Height - 0.75m
b) Filling of available soil from above
Quantity- 80,000 cum
c) Transporting, dumping, from spreading of soil at 3 km distance Quantity20,000 cum
d) Filling by outside sand obtained from 20 km distance including spreading
and leveling at site.
Quantity- 3,000 cum

II. Procurement of Bitumen

a) Transport and unloading of Bitumen
Quantity- 1, 50,000 liters

DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENTS CONSIDERED

EARTHWORK EQUIPMENTS
I)

Excavators

Crawler Excavator
Crawler excavators are excavators mounted on chain crawlers which can be
used for almost all terrain and type of soil and are suitable for slushy areas
also. They have a long boom with a bucket and teeth arrangement at end for
excavating collecting and dumping/ filling earth. These excavators have 360
degrees swing so can work in all four directions by standing at one place
only. These excavators are available in different capacity normally used
models are Ex 60, Ex 100/ Ck90/ PC 100, Ex 200/ PC 200 for small medium
and big size depending on bucket and engine capacity type.

Tyre Mounted Backhoe Excavator cum loader

These excavators have multipurpose uses like in excavation, loading,

unloading and shifting but they have limitation due to tyres and speed.
These excavators have legs which provide some grip on slopes and difficult
terrains but it cannot be used with same ease as in crawlers.

Secondly it doesnt have swing and it can work from either front or back and
as per working side operator has to move his position. Lastly speed wise
these excavators are slower than Crawler mounted as crawler mounted
models are available in higher capacity models whereas only basic lower
capacity model of tyre mounted excavators are available.

2.DOZERS

Crawler Dozers

These are crawler mounted locomotive fitted with a dozing blade.

Availability of same
is less than tractor dozers.

Tractor Dozers
These are dozers attached normal tractors easily available.

Motor Graders

These are tyre mounted special tractors with optional blade

attachments between front and rear wheels and are used mainly for finishing
works after dozing for final leveling and making super-elevation and camber
etc.

3.COMPACTION EQUIPMENT
Rollers

Tandem Roller

This is a smooth wheeled roller with two rolling wheels of

approximately the same width.

Smooth Wheeled Roller

It is most commonly used roller and compaction is achieved by the

weight of the roller.

Vibro Roller
These rollers exert both static and dynamic pressures. It gives
almost double compaction of its size of non-vibratory type.

4. TRANSPORTING EQUIPMENT

Dump Trucks

These trucks are available in different capacity and are hydraulically

operated for dumping material from rear body.

Tractor with Hydraulic Trolley

Tractors with hydraulically operated trailers are also a good options but
capacity is less so more numbers are required.

Tankers

Tankers are trucks mounted with tanks to carry liquids, gases etc. This will be used
in transporting water and bitumen to worksite. Bitumen carriers have thermal
insulation.

 CALCULATION OF PER DAY WORK

Equipment Output
Main Equipment output in this type of work depends mainly on availability of
supporting equipments and dumping areas. Faster the loading, faster the
transporting and faster the unloading can be easily seen and the same cycle
is repeated.

Each set of equipment shall consist of one excavator, at least three dump
trucks. Water tanker, dozer and roller can be shared with each two set of
equipments. No. of these sets can be further decided on the basis of
sequence, number of days required to complete each activity and constraints
if any.

As 100m wide strip is to be constructed in 100days which include following

activities and quantities:

As 83000 cum of earth and sand, together, will cover approximately 1107 m
length of 100m wide strip considering average depth of filling as 0.75m. All
this work is to be completed in 100 days.

Excavation and dumping shall be planned to be completed in 80 days. So

required excavation per day is 1250 Cum and same is to be transported to
site or outside same day. Theoretically for this one no. excavator with 100
cum/ hour output for 12.5 hours working seems sufficient but practically,
considering cycle time of dump trucks including time required for positioning
loading etc., average output reduces to 60 Cum / hour. In this case 2 nos.
excavators for 10.41 hours will be required which can be easily achieved
even after time lapses for daily fuel filling, maintenance, lunch and tea
breaks etc.. Each excavator is to be supported by 3 dump trucks of 10-15
cum capacity.

Cost of each equipment per day of work

Excavator
As per present market we can get excavator @ Rs 2,25,000/- per
month excluding cost of fuel but including operating and maintenance
cost

So per day cost of hire

nos.

Per day HSD (fuel cost)

Rs40/ litre

(Rs 225000/260 hours x10.41Hoursx 2

Rs 18018/

2 no. x15 litre / hourx10.41 hours

= Rs 12,492/
The total operating and fuel cost together for excavators (18018+12492)
= Rs 30510 including all charges. (a)

Dump Trucks

Total 6 nos. dump trucks have been considered for two sets of excavators.
Hire charges of Dump trucks
24,000/-

= 4,000/- x 6 nos.(per day) =

HSD cost considering two trips of each dump truck to and fro 3km each
distance will be
calculated as follows:
Distance traveled per hour
Per hour fuel consumption
hour
Total HSD cost
40/ litre

= 2 Trips x (3+3) km
= 12/2.75km per litre

= 12Kms
= 4.36 liter per

= 6 nos. x 10.41 hours x 4.36 lit/ hour x Rs

= Rs 10893/-

The total operating and fuel cost together for Dump trucks will be
(24000+10893)
= Rs 34893 including all charges.(b)

 Dozer
Hire charges of Dozer = 1,50,000 /260 Hours x 10.41 Hours
= Rs 6,006/
Per day HSD (fuel cost) = 15 litre / hourx10.41 hourx Rs 40/ litre
= Rs 6,246/
The total operating and fuel cost together for Dozer will be (6006+6246)
= Rs 12252 including all charges.(c)

Grader
Per day cost of hire = (Rs 225000/260 hours) x 10.41 Hours x 1 nos.
= Rs 9009/
Per day HSD cost = 1 no. x13 litre / hourx10.41 hours Rs 40/ litre
= Rs 5,413/
The total operating and fuel cost together for grader will be
(9009+5413)
= Rs 14422 including all charges(d)

Roller
Per day cost of hire = (Rs 120000/260 hours) x 10.41 Hours x 1 nos.
= Rs 4805/
Per day HSD cost = 1 no. x 8 litre / hourx10.41 hourx Rs 40/ litre
= Rs 3331/
The total operating and fuel cost together for roller will be
(4805+3331)
= Rs 9136 including all charges(e)

Water Tanker
Water Tankers can be either hired or direct water quantity can be paid
to supplier.
Considering MDD as 1.9 and 11% OMC and natural moisture
content as 6%
we need balance 5% water quantity per day as follows:
= 1250 cum x 1.9 x (11-6)%x 1000
litres
= 1,18,750/
Considering cost of water as 7 paise per litre including filling at
source , transport and unloading at site cost of water required per
day= 118750 x 0.07
= 8313/- including all charges(f)
So total cost of excavation and filling in landing strip/ disposing in
3km away work per day will be (a)+(b)+(c)+(d)+(e)+(f) = Rs
1,09,526/
Per unit cost will be = 109526/1250 Cum = Rs 88 per cum

Similarly for bringing in 3000 cum sand combination of excavator and tippers
to be worked out as follows:
Considering time for positioning dumper
Filling by excavator
Turning and moving out
Total time consumed in filling one dumper

= 2 minutes
= 6 minutes
= 2 minutes
= 10 minutes

Minimum required dumpers 6 nos. per hour and first dumper should come
back after 50 minutes.
Distance of 20 km in loaded condition will be traveled in 40 minutes
at a speed of 30km/ hour and same distance will be covered in 30 minutes at
a speed of 40km/ hour while returning. Say 10 minutes more will be spent in
turning and unloading. So

first dumper will be returning back to excavator in 80 minutes whereas

excavator will be free after 60 minutes it means it can also load two more
dumpers before starting second cycle of loading.
It is obvious from above that 8 dumpers will be required with an excavator.
Cost of excavator per day = Rs 15255 including all charges.
(a)Dumpers
Cost of Dumpers per day
Hire charges of Dump trucks per day = 4,000/- x 8 nos.
= 32,000/
HSD cost considering Nine trips of each dump truck to and fro 20km each
distance will be calculated as follows:
Distance traveled per hour

= 9 Trips x (20+20) km
= 360 kms

Per dumper fuel consumption

= 360/2.75km per litre

= 131 liter per day

So total HSD cost for Dump trucks

= 8 nos. x 131 litre x Rs 40/ litre

= Rs 41920/

The total operating and fuel cost together for Dump trucks will be
(30000+41920)
= Rs 71920 including all
charges (a)

(b) Dozer
Hire charges of Dozer

= 1,50,000 /260 Hours x 10.41 Hours

= Rs 6,006/

Per day HSD (fuel cost)

litre

= 15 litre / hourx10.41 hourx Rs 40/

= Rs 6,246/-

The total operating and fuel cost together for Dozer will be (6006+6246)
= Rs 12252 including all charges (b)

(c) Grader
Per day cost of hire
nos.

= (Rs 225000/260 hours) x 10.41 Hours x 1

= Rs 9009/

Per day HSD (fuel cost)

= Rs 5,413/

= 1 no. x13 litre / hourx10.41 hourx Rs 40/ litre

The total operating and fuel cost together for grader will be (9009+5413)
= Rs 14422 including all charges (c)

(d) Roller
Per day cost of hire
nos.

= (Rs 120000/260 hours) x 10.41 Hours x 1

= Rs 4805/

Per day HSD (fuel cost)

litre

= 1 no. x 8 litre / hourx10.41 hour x Rs 40/

= Rs 3331/

The total operating and fuel cost together for roller will be (4805+3331)
= Rs 9136 including all charges (d)
So total cost of bringing and filling sand in landing strip from 20km distance
away work per day will be (a)+(b)+(c)+(d)
= Rs 1,22,985/
Per unit cost will be

= 122985/625 Cum

= Rs 197 per cum

SECOND BEST ALTERNATIVE

Second best alternative is use of J.C.B. tyre mounted backhoe loader cum
excavators and tractor levelers and tractor dozers but in this case J.C.B. has
less bucket capacity and ultimately almost half the speed of work. Similarly
tractors have less speed and capacity . It will be advisable to use
combination of crawler and tyre mounted excavators. But in no case speed of
work as achieved in alternative one can be achieved.
Hence in all respect second best alternative is use of
combination of crawler and tyre mounted excavators and dump trucks even
of smaller capacity but numbers to increase to maintain speed of work.

PROCUREMENT OF BITUMEN
Total requirement of Material
Duration of work
of work
Source
Lead time
Storage facility

=1,50,000 litres
= 30 days from 60th day of starting
= Maharastra
= 45 Days
= 50,000 litres

Total consumption in 30days will be 150000 litres. Hence considering 5000

litres per day after 59th day.
Consider cost of each litre of bitumen is Rs 20/- and each cost of
ordering is Rs 1000/- and cost of storage per day per litre is Rs 1/-.
EOQ =Under root ( (2AS)/(Ph))=Under root ((2x 150000x1000)/
(20x0.05))= 17321L
So there should be 8 orders of 17321 litres and 1 order of
11432 litres.
Check for economic order quantity
Consider as above cost of material
Ordering cost
Inventory cost assuming minimum 8500 litres
Total cost

=30,00,000/= 9000/=8500/= 3017500/-

Consider another case with 10 orders of 15000 litres

Consider as above cost of material

Ordering cost
Inventory cost assuming minimum 7500 litres

30,00,000/=

Total cost

15000/7500/-

= 30,22,500/-

Consider another case with 5 orders of 30000 litres

Consider as above cost of material
Ordering cost
Inventory cost assuming minimum 15000 litres
Total cost

= 30,00,000/= 5000/15000/= 30,20,000

1st order date at start of work = 0 and date of last order shall be such that
there is no shortage of bitumen at end.
Safety level to be maintained is as follows:

1st order 0-45 days = 17321 litres

2nd order 1-46 days = 17321 litres

3rd order 2-47 days =11432 litres

Total stock on 59th day = 46074 litres

Proper arrangement of required size of tankers with heating facilities shall be

ensured. Storage tanks shall have proper insulation and heating facility also.
Total cost of transportation will be @ 1.6 per MT per Kilometer and
considering 2500 km distance from one side to and fro cost as per oil
industry norms shall be Rs 3.2 per MT per KM.
Hence total cost of Bitumen material

= 150000 litre x 20/= Rs 30,00,000/-

Cost of transportation
x1.6/1000)x 1.04 Kg/cum

= 150000 litre x 2500x (2

= Rs 6,24,000/-

Ordering cost

=9000/-

Inventory cost assuming minimum 8500 litres

=8500/-

Total cost

=3642000/-

Hence Total cost of Project will be as follows:

Earthwork cost =Rs 109526x 80 days
Sand filling cost = Rs1,22,985 x 5 days
Bitumen procurement
Total

= 6,14,925/=Rs 36,42,000
=Rs 1,30,19,005/-

Contractors Profit = (13019005*15%)

Therefore =

=87,62,080/-

= 1952851/-

Total Project Cost = 14971856/-

As per above plan work shall be completed in given time schedule however
some standby and back-up equipment will be required which will incur
additional cost.

Reference
Internet