Equipment Tutorial-1

EiABC
Chair of Construction Management
Construction equipment and Plant Management

(COTM 3163)
Tutorial Class
By
Sisay Alemu
Dec 2016
Exercises on Construction Equipment Types and
Their Productivity
#. Contractor has a job to move 25,300 Bm3 (with 25 % swell

factor) of sand and gravel materials with a bucket fill factor of
0.95.The heaped capacity of the bucket is 1.53m3.The average
and maximum depth of cuts are 4.3 and 6.1 respectively and
the average swing angle is 60 degree. the contractor plans to
work 10hrs/day and estimates a 50min.work per hour (83%
job efficiency).Determine the required number of excavator to
complete the job within 10 working days.
Solution
Given
Volume of work=25300m3
Heaped bucket volume =1.53m3

Fill factor (B) =0.95
Average cut depth=4.3m
Maximum depth=6.1m
Swing Angle =60 degree
Daily work=10hrs/day
Job Efficiency (n)=83% (50min)
Duration required to finish=10days
Required=Required number of Excavator

Basic Theory
Earth moving Equipment

 Dozer
 Excavator
 Loader
 Grader
 Scraper
 Dump Truck
 Excavator
• Equipments used for excavating all classes of earth except solid rock.
• Cycle time for Excavator (The time it takes for amachine to complete one full cycle)
1. Fill Bucket
2. Raise load above grade
3. Swing load to dump point

4. Dump load
5. Swing bucket back to excavation point

6. Drop bucket and start cycle again
• Average Capacity (Volume)=heaped bucket capacity*bucket fill factor
 Struck capacity : loose volume on level line with bucket
 Heaped capacity (depending on soil type fill factor and angle of repose)
 Bucket fill factor –Bucket production is also affected by Angle of swing (Horizontal
angle) and Height of cut effect.
Solution
Step 1-Finding Bucket Actual productivity
Qa=Vn*no*s*B*n
Where
Qa= Actual Productivity (m3/hr)
Vn=heaped bucket productivity
no=cycles per Hour ( From Table)
S=swing depth factor ( From Table)
B=Bucket fill factor ( From Table)
N=Job efficiency
Depth factor=4.3/6.1=70%
Cont...
• Qa=1.53*200*0.7*1.1*0.3
=70.68m3/hr
Step- 2 Volume of work including swell factor
=25300*1.25
=31625m3
Step-3 No of hours for one excavator
=31625/70.68
=447.43 hr/Excavator
Step-4 Working hour for Contractor
=10days*10hrs/day
=100hrs
Step-5 No Excavator
=447.43/100hr
=4.47 Excavators
=5 Exavators
Dozer
#. A power shit crawler tractor has rated blade capacity of 7.65m3.The
dozer is excavates and pushes a loose common earth material to a
distance of 120m The maximum reverse speed and dozing speed is 12
and 7km/hr respectively and the fixed time for a power shift
transmission is 0.05min .If the dozer efficiency is 55min/hr and its
load factor is 0.9.Assuming that the contractor is working in rental
base, Estimate the total rental cost of the dozer to move 20,000m3 of
soil if the daily rental rate of a dozer is 1200birr/day and the dozer
works 10hrs/day.
Given
• Blade Capacity=7.65m3
• Distance=120m=0.12km
• Reverse speed=12km/hr
• Dozing speed=7km/hr
• Fixed time=0.05min
• Job efficiency=55min/hr
• Load factor=0.9
• Bulk Volume of work=20000m3
• Daily Rental rate of dozer=1200birr/day
• Working hours for dozer= 10hrs/day
• Required=Total rental cost
Theory
• Dozer (used to shear, cut, push roll and/or
loosen materials)
• Its productivity calculation involves
1. Dozer cycle time

2. Blade payload/Volume
Cycle Time=Fixed time + Variable Time (To haul

material and Return)
Solution
• Step-1 Determine cycle time
Variable (Travel time)
Dozing time=0.12km/7km/hr
=0.017hr
Reverse (Return) Time=0.12km/12km/hr
=0.01hr
Fixed time=0.05min=0.000833hr
Cycle time=0.017hr+0.01hr+0.000833hr
=0.028hr
Step-2-Find the Productivity
Volume=7.65*(55/60)*0.9
=6.31m3
Productivity Per one cycle
=6.31m3/ 0.028hr
=225.35m3/hr
Step-3-Determine the number of days required to do the job

=20000m3/225.35m3/hr
=88.74hr
=88.74hr/10hr/day
=8.874 day
=9 days
Step-4 Calculate Total Rental cost
=1200birr/days*9days
=10,800 birr
Loader
#.A cat excavator loader of 3Lm*3 heaped capacity
bucket is used to load blasted rock directly into a
crusher of capacity (consumption) of 100Lm3 per
hour. If the cat performance manual suggests a
cycle time of 1.2min for the way you have the work
set up, will the production of the loader keep up
with the crusher? If the loader has a rental cost of
500Birr/hr and fuel consumption of 0.17L/Lm3 of
operation, What will be the net loss of the work
methodology adopted? Assume the crusher is
rented for birr 350/hr while it consumes 0.2L/m3
of rock crushed.
Class Work
Motor Grader
• # A 45km gravel road is required to be levelled

using a motor grader. Six passes of a motor grader
are need to bring the required level of the road ,
Based on the operator skill, machine characteristics
and job condition , estimates two passes at 8km/hr
, Two passes at 10km/hr and two passes at
12km/hr if the job efficiency is 0.8, Determine the
number of working days that the contractor needs
to complete the specified work he works 10hrs/day
• Given
Length of Road=45km
Number of Passes=6 Passes
2 passes 8km/hr
2Passes 10km/hr
2Passes 12km/hr
n=0.8
Working Hours=10hrs/day
• Step-1-Calculate total time required
T=D*N/V*E
Where
V-Average speed of grader
D-Distance travelled
E-Efficiency factor
N-Number of returns
Cont…..
Average speed=(8+10+12)/3=10km/hr
T=45km*6/10*0.8
=33.75 hrs
No days=33.75 hrs/10hrs/day
=4days
Compactor
# A self propelled tamping foot compactor will be used to
compact a fill being constructed of clay material. Fixed
tests have shown that the required density can be
achieved with four passes of the roller operating at an
average speed of 1.5mph.The compacted lift will have a
thickness of 5 inch. The compacting width of the
machine is 7ft.one Bcy equals 0.83 compacted cubic
yards. The scraper production estimated for the project
is 510Bcy/hr. How many rollers will be required to
maintain this production?
Given
W=7ft
S=1.5mph
L=5in
n=4
Pscraper=510bcy/hr
Required
No of rollers
Solution
Steep1. P=W*V*L
P
P=7ft*1.6mph*5in
4
P=214cby/hr
Step 2 Bank State Volume(bcy)=214/0.83
= 258bcy/hr
Step 3 No
Rollers=Pscraper/Proller=510/258=1.98
Thank you

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EiABC

Chair of Construction Management

Construction equipment and Plant Management

#. Contractor has a job to move 25,300 Bm3 (with 25 % swell

Heaped bucket volume =1.53m3

Average cut depth=4.3m

Swing Angle =60 degree

Duration required to finish=10days

Required=Required number of Excavator

Earth moving Equipment

3. Swing load to dump point

5. Swing bucket back to excavation point

1. Dozer cycle time

Cycle Time=Fixed time + Variable Time (To haul

Step-3-Determine the number of days required to do the job

• # A 45km gravel road is required to be levelled

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