EE6612-Miroprocessor and Microcontroller Laboratory

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EE6612 Microprocessors and Microcontrollers Laboratory
Valliammai Engineering College

SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur - 603203
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
EE6612 Microprocessors and Microcontrollers Laboratory Manual

LAB MANUAL
III Year- VI Semester - Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Academic Year 2015-2016
(2013 Regulation)
Prepared by,
Dr.G.Udhayakumar, Associate Professor
Mr.S.Rajanbabu,AssistantProfessor(Sr.G)
Mrs K.Durgadevi, AssistantProfessor
Mrs A.Shanmugapriyaa, AssistantProfessor
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering - VEC
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SYLLABUS
EE6612 - MICROPROCESSORS AND MICRO CONTROLLERS LABORATORY
OBJECTIVES:
To provide training on programming of microprocessors and microcontrollers and
understand the interface requirements.
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1. Simple arithmetic operations: addition / subtraction / multiplication / division.
2. Programming with control instructions:
(i) Ascending / Descending order, Maximum / Minimum of numbers
(ii) Programs using Rotate instructions
(iii)Hex / ASCII / BCD code conversions.
3. Interface Experiments: with 8085
(i) A/D Interfacing. & D/A Interfacing.
4. Traffic light controller.
5. I/O Port / Serial communication
6. Programming Practices with Simulators/Emulators/open source
7. Read a key,interface display
8. Demonstration of basic instructions with 8051 Micro controller execution, including:
(i) Conditional jumps, looping
(ii) Calling subroutines.
9. Programming I/O Port 8051
(i) study on interface with A/D & D/A
(ii
(ii) study on interface with DC & AC motor .
10. Mini project development with processors.
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
OUTCOMES:
Ability to understand and analyse, linear and digital electronic circuits.

To understand and apply computing platform and software for engineering problems.
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LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
CYCLE I
8-bit Microprocessor
1. Simple arithmetic operations:
(a) Addition (b) subtraction (c) multiplication (d) division.
2. Ascending / Descending order, Maximum / Minimum of numbers :
(a) Ascending order (b) Descending order (c) Maximum of numbers (d) Minimum of numbers.
3. Rotate instructions:
(a) Odd and Even Number (b) Positive and Negative Number
4. Code conversion.
(a) ASCII to hexadecimal number (b) hexadecimal to ASCII (c) hexadecimal to decimal
number (d) binary to hexadecimal number and (e) hexadecimal to binary number
CYCLE II
8085 Interfacing Program
5. Interface Experiments:
(a) A/D Interfacing. (b) D/A Interfacing
6. Traffic light controller: I/O port - 8255
7. Serial Communication: 8251
8. Read a key, interface display: 8279
CYCLE III
8-bit Microcontroller
9. Demonstration of basic instructions with 8051 Micro controller execution, including:
(a) Addition (b) subtraction (c) multiplication (d) division.
10. (a) Conditional jumps, looping : Sum of elements in an array
(b) Calling subroutines : Check whether given number is Odd or Even using call option
11. Programming I/O Port :
(a) A/D Interfacing. (b) D/A Interfacing
12. Interface with DC & AC motor
13. Mini project development with processors
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
14. Interfacing 8253 Timer With 8085
15. Stepper Motor Interfacing With 8051
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S.no
Date
List Of Experiments
Signature
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8085 MICROPROCESSOR
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Ex. No: 1
SIMPLE ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS
AIM:
To write an assembly language program to add, subtract, multiply and divide the given
data stored at two consecutive locations using 8085 microprocessor.
a. 8 BIT DATA ADDITION:

ALGORITHM:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Initialize memory pointer to data location.

Get the first number from memory in accumulator.
Get the second number and add it to the accumulator.
Store the answer at another memory location.
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FLOW CHART:
START
[C]
00H
[HL]
4500H
[A]
[M]
[HL]
[HL]+1
[A]
[A]+[M]
Is there a
Carry ?
NO
YES
[C]
[C]+1
[HL]
[HL]+1
[M]
[A]
[HL]
[HL]+1
[M]
[C]
STOP
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PROGRAM:
ADDRESS OPCODE LABEL
4100
START
4101
4102
4103
4104
4105
MNEMONICS OPERAND
MVI
C, 00
LXI
H, 4500
MOV
A, M
4106
INX
4107
ADD
4108
4109
410A
JNC
L1
410B
410C
INR
INX
C
H
410D
MOV
M, A
410E
INX
410F
4110
MOV
HLT
M, C
L1
COMMENT
Clear C reg.
Initialize HL reg. to
4500
Transfer first data to
accumulator
Increment HL reg. to
point next memory
Location.
Add first number to
acc. Content.
Jump to location if
result does not yield
carry.
Increment C reg.
point next memory
Location.
Transfer the result from
acc. to memory.
point next memory
Location.
Move carry to memory
Stop the program
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b. 8 BIT DATA SUBTRACTION
ALGORITHM:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Get the first number from memory in accumulator.
Get the second number and subtract from the accumulator.
If the result yields a borrow, the content of the acc. is complemented and 01H is added
to it (2s complement). A register is cleared and the content of that reg. is incremented
in case there is a borrow. If there is no borrow the content of the acc. is directly taken as
the result.
5. Store the answer at next memory location.
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START
FLOW CHART:
[C]
[HL]
00H
4500H
[A]
[M]
[HL]
[HL]+1
[A]
[A]-[M]
Is there a
Borrow?
NO
YES
Complement [A]
Add 01H to [A]
[C]
[C]+1
[HL]
[HL]+1
[M]
[A]
[HL]
[HL]+1
[M]
[C]
STOP
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PROGRAM:
4100
START
4101
4102
4103
4104
4105
MNEMONICS OPERAND
MVI
C, 00
COMMENT
Clear C reg.
LXI
H, 4500
4500
MOV
A, M
4106
INX
4107
SUB
4108
4109
410A
JNC
L1

accumulator
point next mem.
Location.
Subtract first number
from acc. Content.
Jump to location if
borrow.
410B
410C
INR
CMA
410D
410E
410F
ADI
01H
INX
4110
MOV
M, A
4111
INX
4112
4113
MOV
HLT
M, C
L1
Increment C reg.
Complement the Acc.
content
Add 01H to content of
acc.
point next mem.
Location.
acc. to memory.
point next mem.
Location.
Move carry to mem.
Stop the program
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c.
8 BIT DATA MULTIPLICATION:
ALGORITHM:
LOGIC: Multiplication can be done by repeated addition.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Move multiplicand to a register.
Move the multiplier to another register.
Clear the accumulator.
Add multiplicand to accumulator
Decrement multiplier
Repeat step 5 till multiplier comes to zero.
The result, which is in the accumulator, is stored in a memory location.
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FLOW CHART:
START
[HL] 4500
B M
[HL] [HL]+1
A 00
C 00
[A] [A] +[M]
Is there
any carry
NO
YES
C C+1
B B-1
NO
IS B=0
YES
A
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A
[HL]
[HL]+1
[M]
[A]
[HL]
[HL]+1
[M]
[C]
STOP
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PROGRAM:
4100
START
4101
4102
4103
MNEMONICS
LXI
OPERAND
H, 4500
MOV
B, M
4104
INX
4105
4106
4107
4108
MVI
A, 00H

reg. B
point next mem.
Location.
Clear the acc.
MVI
C, 00H
Clear C reg for carry
ADD
410A
JNC
NEXT
410B
410C
410D
410E
410F
4110
4111
4112
INR
DCR
JNZ
C
B
L1
Increment C reg
Decrement B reg
Jump to L1 if B is not
zero.
INX
4113
MOV
M, A
4114
INX
4115
MOV
M, C
4116
HLT
point next mem.
Location.
acc. to memory.
point next mem.
Location.
C reg. to memory.
Stop the program
4109
L1
NEXT
COMMENT
4500
Add multiplicand
multiplier times.
Jump to NEXT if there
is no carry
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d. 8 BIT DIVISION:
ALGORITHM:
LOGIC: Division is done using the method Repeated subtraction.
1. Load Divisor and Dividend
2. Subtract divisor from dividend
3. Count the number of times of subtraction which equals the quotient
4. Stop subtraction when the dividend is less than the divisor .The dividend now becomes
the remainder. Otherwise go to step 2.
5. Stop the program execution.
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START
FLOWCHART:
B 00
[HL] 4500
A M
[HL] [HL]+1
M A-M
[B] [B] +1
No
IS A<0
Yes
A A+ M
YES
B B-1
[HL]
[HL]+1
[M]
[A]
[HL]
[HL]+1
[M]
[B]
STOP
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PROGRAM:
ADDRESS
4100
4101
4102
4103
4104
4105
OPCODE LABEL
MNEMONICS
MVI
OPERAND
B,00
COMMENTS
Clear B reg for quotient
LXI
H,4500
4500H
MOV
A,M
INX
SUB
4108
4109
410A
410B
410C
410D
410E
INR
JNC
B
LOOP
ADD
DCR
INX
M
B
H
410F
MOV
M,A
4110
INX
4111
MOV
M,B
4112
HLT
Transfer dividend to
acc.
point next mem.
Location.
Subtract divisor from
dividend
Increment B reg
Jump to LOOP if
borrow
Add divisor to acc.
Decrement B reg
point next mem.
Location.
Transfer the remainder
from acc. to memory.
point next mem.
Location.
Transfer the quotient
from B reg. to memory.
Stop the program
4106
4107
LOOP
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OBSERVATION:
ADDITION:
S.NO
1
2
INPUT
ADDRESS
DATA
4500
4501
4500
4501
OUTPUT
ADDRESS
DATA
4502
4503
4502
4503
INPUT
ADDRESS
DATA
4500
4501
4500
4501
OUTPUT
ADDRESS
DATA
4502
4503
4502
4503
INPUT
ADDRESS
DATA
4500
4501
4500
4501
OUTPUT
ADDRESS
DATA
4502
4503
4502
4503
INPUT
ADDRESS
DATA
4500
4501
4500
4501
OUTPUT
ADDRESS
DATA
4502
4503
4502
4503
SUBTRACTION:
S.NO
1
2
MULTIPLICATION:
S.NO
1
2
DIVISION:
S.NO
1
2
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RESULT:
Thus the addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of two numbers was
performed using the 8085 microprocessor.
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Ex. No: 2 Ascending / Descending order, Maximum / Minimum of numbers

AIM:
To write an assembly language program to arrange an array of data in ascending and
descending order and to find the smallest and largest data among the array.
a. ASCENDING ORDER
ALGORITHM:
1. Get the numbers to be sorted from the memory locations.
2. Compare the first two numbers and if the first number is larger than second then I
interchange the number.
3. If the first number is smaller, go to step 4
4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the numbers are in required order
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FLOWCHART:
START
[HL] 4200H
[C] [HL]
[C] [C] -1
[D] [C]
[HL] 4201H
[A] [HL]
[HL [HL] + 1
Yes
Is
[A] < [HL]?
No
[B] [HL]
[HL] [A]
[HL] [HL] - 1
[HL] [B]
[HL] [HL] + 1
[D] [D] 01 H
A
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IS
[D] = 0?
No
Yes
[C] [C]-1
IS
[C] = 0?
No
Yes
STOP
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PROGRAM:
ADDRESS
LXI
OPERA
ND
H,4200
MOV
DCR
MOV
C,M
C
D,C
LXI
H,4201
MOV
INX
A,M
H
410B
410C
CMP
JC
M
LOOP1
410D
410E
410F
MOV
B,M
4110
MOV
M,A
4111
4112
DCX
MOV
H
M,B
4113
4114
4115
4116
4117
4118
4119
411A
411B
411C
INX
DCR
JNZ
H
D
LOOP2
DCR
JNZ
C
LOOP3
4100
4101
4102
4103
4104
4105
4106
4107
4108
4109
410A
OPC
ODE
LABEL
LOOP 3
LOOP2
LOOP1
MNEMONICS
HLT
COMMENTS
Set pointer for array
Load the Count
Decrement Count
Transfer data from C to
D
Load data from 4201
Copy content of M to A
point next memory
location
Compare M & A
If A is lesser than M
then go to loop1
Transfer data from M to
D reg
Transfer data from acc
to M
Decrement HL pair
Transfer data from B to
M
Increment HL pair
Decrement D reg
If D is not zero go to
loop2
Decrement C reg
If C is not Zero go to
loop3
Stop the program
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b. DESCENDING ORDER
ALGORITHM:
1. Get the numbers to be sorted from the memory locations.
2. Compare the first two numbers and if the first number is smaller than second then I
interchange the number.
3. If the first number is larger, go to step 4
4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the numbers are in required order
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START
FLOWCHART:
[HL] 4200H
[C] [HL]
[C] [C] -1
[D] [C]
[HL] 4201H
[A] [HL]
[HL [HL] + 1
No
Is
[A] < [HL]?
Yes
[B] [HL]
[HL] [A]
[HL] [HL] - 1
[HL] [B]
[HL] [HL] + 1
[D] [D] 01 H
A
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IS
[D] = 0?
No
Yes
[C] [C]-1
IS
[C] = 0?
No
Yes
STOP
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PROGRAM:
ADDRESS
LXI
OPERA
ND
H,4200
MOV
DCR
MOV
C,M
C
D,C
LXI
H,4201
MOV
INX
A,M
H
410B
410C
CMP
JNC
M
LOOP1
410D
410E
410F
MOV
B,M
4110
MOV
M,A
4111
4112
DCX
MOV
H
M,B
4113
4114
4115
4116
4117
4118
4119
411A
411B
411C
INX
DCR
JNZ
H
D
LOOP2
DCR
JNZ
C
LOOP3
4100
4101
4102
4103
4104
4105
4106
4107
4108
4109
410A
OPC
ODE
LABEL
LOOP 3
LOOP2
LOOP1
MNEMONICS
HLT
COMMENTS
Set pointer for array
Load the Count
Decrement Count
Transfer data from C to
D
Load data from 4201
Copy content of M to A
point next memory
location
Compare M & A
If A is lesser than M
then go to loop1
Transfer data from M to
D reg
Transfer data from acc
to M
Decrement HL pair
Transfer data from B to
M
Increment HL pair
Decrement D reg
If D is not zero go to
loop2
Decrement C reg
If C is not Zero go to
loop3
Stop the program
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c. LARGEST ELEMENT IN AN ARRAY

ALGORITHM:
1. Place all the elements of an array in the consecutive memory locations.
2. Fetch the first element from the memory location and load it in the accumulator.
3. Initialize a counter (register) with the total number of elements in an array.
4. Decrement the counter by 1.
5. Increment the memory pointer to point to the next element.
6. Compare the accumulator content with the memory content (next
element).
7. If the accumulator content is smaller, then move the memory content
(largest element) to the accumulator. Else continue.
9. Repeat steps 5 to 8 until the counter reaches zero
10. Store the result (accumulator content) in the specified memory location.
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FLOW CHART:
START
[HL] [4200H]
[B] 04H
[A] [HL]
[HL [HL] + 1
NO
IS
[A] < [HL]?
YES
[A] [HL]
[B] [B]-1
IS
[B] = 0?
NO
YES
[4205] [A]
STOP
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PROGRAM:
ADDRE
SS
4101
4102
4103
4104
4105
4106
4107
4108
4109
410A
410B
410C
410D
410E
410F
4110
4111
4112
4113
4114
OPCO
DE
LABEL
LOOP1
LOOP
MNEM
ONICS
LXI
OPER
AND
H,4200
MVI
B,04
MOV
INX
A,M
H
CMP
JNC
M
LOOP
MOV
DCR
JNZ
A,M
B
LOOP1
STA
4205
HLT
COMMENTS
4200H
Initialize B reg with no. of
comparisons(n-1)
Transfer first data to acc.
Increment HL reg. to point
next memory location
Compare M & A
If A is greater than M then go
to loop
Transfer data from M to A reg
Decrement B reg
If B is not Zero go to loop1
Store the result in a memory
location.
Stop the program
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d. SMALLEST ELEMENT IN AN ARRAY

ALGORITHM:
1. Place all the elements of an array in the consecutive memory locations.
2. Fetch the first element from the memory location and load it in the accumulator.
3. Initialize a counter (register) with the total number of elements in an array.
5. Increment the memory pointer to point to the next element.
6. Compare the accumulator content with the memory content (next
element).
7. If the accumulator content is smaller, then move the memory content
(largest element) to the accumulator. Else continue.
9. Repeat steps 5 to 8 until the counter reaches zero
10. Store the result (accumulator content) in the specified memory location.
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FLOW CHART:
START
[HL] [4200H]
[B] 04H
[A] [HL]
[HL [HL] + 1
YES
IS
[A] < [HL]?
NO
[A] [HL]
[B] [B]-1
IS
[B] = 0?
NO
YES
[4205] [A]
STOP
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PROGRAM:
ADDRE
SS
4101
4102
4103
4104
4105
4106
4107
4108
4109
410A
410B
410C
410D
410E
410F
4110
4111
4112
4113
4114
OPCO
DE
LABEL
LOOP1
LOOP
MNEM
ONICS
LXI
OPER
AND
H,4200
MVI
B,04
MOV
INX
A,M
H
CMP
JC
M
LOOP
MOV
DCR
JNZ
A,M
B
LOOP1
STA
4205
HLT
COMMENTS
4200H
Initialize B reg with no. of
comparisons(n-1)
Transfer first data to acc.
Increment HL reg. to point
next memory location
Compare M & A
If A is lesser than M then go
to loop
Transfer data from M to A reg
Decrement B reg
If B is not Zero go to loop1
Store the result in a memory
location.
Stop the program
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OBSERVATION:
A. ASCENDING ORDER
INPUT
MEMORY
DATA
LOCATION
4200
4201
4202
4203
4204
OUTPUT
MEMORY
DATA
LOCATION
4200
4201
4202
4203
4204
B. DESCENDING ORDER
INPUT
MEMORY
DATA
LOCATION
4200
4201
4202
4203
4204
OUTPUT
MEMORY
DATA
LOCATION
4200
4201
4202
4203
4204
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C. SMALLEST ELEMENT
INPUT
MEMORY
DATA
LOCATION
4200
4201
4202
4203
4204
OUTPUT
MEMORY
DATA
LOCATION
4205
D. LARGEST ELEMENT
INPUT
MEMORY
DATA
LOCATION
4200
4201
4202
4203
4204
OUTPUT
MEMORY
DATA
LOCATION
4205
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RESULT:
Thus the sorting operations of arranging an array in ascending, descending order and
the largest and smallest element were found using the 8085 microprocessor.
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Ex. No: 3
FIND THE NUMBER OF EVEN AND ODD NUMBER IN

A BLOCK OF DATA
AIM:
To find the number of even and odd number, and number of positive and negative
numbers in a block of data.
a. Odd and Even Number
ALGORITHM:
1. Start.
2. Load the given data.
3. Clear the data in accumulator.
4. Move the content of accumulator to D and B register.
5. Increment HL register pair and move the content of memory to accumulator.
6. Rotate the obtain data in the form of RAR.
7. If carry occur increment B else increment D.
8. Decrement C, if C 0 go to step 5. Else increment HL pair.
9. Move the content of D to memory and increment HL pair and move the content B to
memory.
10. Stop.
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START
[HL] [4200H]
[C] [HL]
[A] 00H
[B] [A]
[D] [A]
[HL [HL] + 1
[A] [HL]
Rotate the A right
through carry
Yes
Is CY=1
No
[B] [B]+1, for odd
[D] [D]+1, for even
[C] [C]-1
Is
[C] = 0?
No
Yes
[HL] [HL]+1, [HL] D
[HL] [HL]+1, [HL] B
STOP
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ADDRE
SS
4100
4101
4102
4103
4104
4105
4106
4107
4108
4109
410A
410B
410C
410D
410E
410F
4110
4111
4112
4113
4114
4115
4116
4117
4118
4119
411A
OPCO
DE
LABEL
L3
MNEM
ONICS
LXI
OPER
AND
H,4200
COMMENTS
MOV
XRA
MOV
MOV
INX H
MOV
C, M
A
D, A
B, A
H
A,M
L1
Move M to C
Exclusive OR reg A
Move A to D
Move A to B
Increment H
Move M to A
Rotate right through
carry
Jump no carry
INR
JMP
D
L2
Increment D
Jump to L2
INR
DCR
JNZ
B
C
L3
Increment B
Decrement C
Jump non Zero
RAR
JNC
L1
L2
LOOP
INX
MOV
INX H
MOV
HLT
H
M, D
H
M, B
Load the number of data
Increment H
Move D to M
Increment H
Move B to M
Halt the program
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b. Positive and Negative Number
ALGORITHM:
1. Start.
2. Load the given data.
3. Clear the data in accumulator.
4. Move the content of accumulator to D and B register.
5. Increment HL register pair and move the content of memory to accumulator.
6. Rotate the obtain data in the form of RAL.
7. If carry occur increment B else increment D.
8. Decrement C, if C 0 go to step 5. Else increment HL pair.
9. Move the content of D to memory and increment HL pair and move the content B to
memory.
10. Stop.
www.rejinpaul.com
START
[HL] [4200H]
[C] [HL]
[A] 00H
[B] [A]
[D] [A]
[HL [HL] + 1
[A] [HL]
Rotate the A left
through carry
Yes
Is CY=1
No
[B] [B]+1, negative
[D] [D]+1, positive
[C] [C]-1
Is
[C] = 0?
No
Yes
[HL] [HL]+1, [HL] D
[HL] [HL]+1, [HL] B
STOP
www.rejinpaul.com
ADDRE
SS
4100
4101
4102
4103
4104
4105
4106
4107
4108
4109
410A
410B
410C
410D
410E
410F
4110
4111
4112
4113
4114
4115
4116
4117
4118
4119
411A
OPCO
DE
LABEL
L3
L1
L2
LOOP
MNEM
ONICS
LXI
OPER
AND
H,4200
COMMENTS
MOV
XRA
MOV
MOV
INX H
MOV
RAL
JNC
C, M
A
D, A
B, A
H
A,M
L1
Move M to C
Exclusive OR reg A
Move A to D
Move A to B
Increment H
Move M to A
Rotate left through carry
Jump no carry
INR
JMP
D
L2
Increment D
Jump to L2
INR
DCR
JNZ
B
C
L3
Increment B
Decrement C
Jump non Zero
INX
MOV
INX H
MOV
HLT
H
M, D
H
M, B
Load the number of data
Increment H
Move D to M
Increment H
Move B to M
Halt the program
www.rejinpaul.com
Observation
a. Odd and even number
INPUT:
OUTPUT:
4200 = 04
4205=03 (Odd numbers)
4201= 01
4206=01 (Even numbers)
4202 = 05
4203 = 03
4204 = 04
b. Positive and negative number

INPUT:
OUTPUT:
4200 = 04
4205=01 (Negative numbers)
4201= 01
4206=03 (Positive numbers)
4202 = F5
4203 = 03
4204 = 74
RESULT:
Thus the number of even and odd number, and positive and negative number has been
found from the given number of list.
www.rejinpaul.com
Ex. No: 4
CODE CONVERSIONS
AIM:
To write an assembly language program to perform the conversions of ASCII to
hexadecimal number, hexadecimal to ASCII, hexadecimal to decimal number, binary to
hexadecimal number and hexadecimal to binary number.
a.ASCII TO HEXADECIMAL
ALGORITHM:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Start the program

Load the data from address 4200 to A
Move data from accumulator to C
Move data from M to HL pair to accumulator
Subtract the data 30 from A
Decrement content of register
Stop the program if C is zero
Jump to Step 5
End the program
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FLOWCHART:
Start
Set the ASCII value
Subtract 30 from A
Decrement the register content
Check
for
Carry?
YES
NO
Subtract 07 from A
Store the hex value
Stop
www.rejinpaul.com
PROGRAM:
ADDRE
SS
4100
4101
4102
4103
4104
4105
4106
4107
4108
4109
410A
410B
410C
410D
OPCO
DE
LABEL
MNEM
ONICS
LDA
OPER
AND
H,4200
COMMENTS
MOV
LXI
C,A
H,4201
Move data from A to C

Load address 4201 in HL
LXI
D,4301
Load address 4301 in DF
MOV
SUI
A,M
30
Move data from M to A

Subtract 30 from A
STAX
410E
DCR
410F
4110
4111
4112
JZ
LOOP
INX
4113
INX
4114
4115
4116
4117
JMP
LOOP 1
LOOP
HLT
LOOP 1
Load data 4200 to A
Store data from

accumulator to DE
Decrement from C
register
Stop program if C is 0
Increment HL register
pair
Increment DE register
pair
Jump to 410A
Stop
www.rejinpaul.com
b. HEXADECIMAL TO ASCII
ALGORITHM:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Start the program

Load the data from address 4200 to A
Move data from accumulator to C
Move data from M to HL pair to accumulator
Add the data 30 to A
Decrement content of register
Stop the program if C is zero
Jump to Step 5
End the program
www.rejinpaul.com
FLOWCHART:
Start
Set the ASCII value
Add 30 to A
Decrement the register content
Check
for
Carry?
YES
NO
Store the decimal value
Stop
www.rejinpaul.com
PROGRAM:
ADDRE
SS
4100
4101
4102
4103
4104
4105
4106
4107
4108
4109
410A
410B
410C
410D
OPCO
DE
LABEL
MNEM
ONICS
LDA
OPER
AND
H,4200
COMMENTS
MOV
LXI
C,A
H,4201
Move data from A to C

Load address 4201 in HL
LXI
D,4301
Load address 4301 in DF
MOV
ADI
A,M
30

Subtract 30 from A
STAX
410E
DCR
410F
4110
4111
4112
JZ
LOOP
INX
4113
INX
4114
4115
4116
4117
JMP
LOOP 1
LOOP
HLT
LOOP 1
Load data 4200 to A
Store data from

accumulator to DE
Decrement from C
register
Stop program if C is 0
Increment HL register
pair
Increment DE register
pair
Jump to 410A
Stop
www.rejinpaul.com
c. HEXADECIMAL TO BINARY
ALGORITHM:
1. Start the program
2. Move the content of memory to accumulator
3. Move data 0B o register B
4. Increment the content of HL register pair
5. Rotate the accumulator right
6. Jump to the specified address if carry generated
7. Move 00 to memory
8. Jump to specified address if there is no zero
9. Move 01 to memory
10. Jump to specified address if there is no zero
11. End the program
www.rejinpaul.com
FLOWCHART:
Start
Load address in HL pair
Initialize counter B to 08
Increments HL register pair
Rotate accumulator right
Check for
Carry?
YES
NO
Move data from 00 to M
Move data from 01 to M

Decrement B register
NO
If B=0?
YES
Stop
www.rejinpaul.com
PROGRAM:
ADDRE
SS
4100
4101
4102
4103
4104
4105
4106
OPCO
DE
LABEL
MNEM
ONICS
LXI
OPERAND
H,4200
MOV
MVI
A,M
B, 08
Move content of M to A
Move 0B to register pair
INX
RRC
JC
L1
Increment the content of

HL pair
Rotate accumulator right
Jump to specified address
if carry
MVI
JMP
M, 00
L2
Move 00 to M
L1
MVI
M, 01
Move 01 to M
L2
DCR
JNZ
B
L3
L3
4107
4108
4109
410A
410B
410C
410D
410E
410F
4110
4111
4112
4113
4114
4115
HLT
COMMENTS
Decrement B by 1
Jump to the specified
address if no zero
Stop the program
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d. BINARY TO HEXADECIMAL
ALGORITHM:
2. Load the address in HL pair
3. Move the content of memory to accumulator
4. Add the content of accumulator with previous content of accumulator
5. Move the content of B to accumulator
6. Add the content of accumulator with previous content of accumulator
7. Repeat step 6
8. Add B with accumulator content
9. Increment H by 1
10. Move content of M to A
11. End the program
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FLOWCHART:
Start
Add content of A to register B
Add content of A with itself
Add content of A to register B
Increment HL reg pair
Add content of M with accumulator
Increment HL reg pair content
Move content of M to accumulator
Stop
www.rejinpaul.com
PROGRAM:
ADDRE
SS
4100
4101
4102
4103
4104
OPCO
DE
LABEL
MNEM
ONICS
LXI
OPERAND
COMMENTS
H,4150
MOV
ADD
M,A
A
4105
MOV
B, A
4106
ADD
4107
4108
4109
410A
410B
410C
ADD
INX
ADD
INX
MOV
HLT
B
H
M
H
M, A
Move content of A to M
Add A content with
previous content of A
Move the content from
A to B
Add A content with
previous content of A
Add B content with A
Increment H by 1
Add M content with A
Increment H by 1
Stop the program
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e. HEXADECIMAL TO DECIMAL
ALGORITHM:
2. Load the address in HL pair
3. Move the content from HL to A
4. Subtract 64 from A
5. Increment BC pair
6. Jump to address 4207
7. Subtract 0A from A
8. Increment HL pair
9. Rotate accumulator left
10. Increment HL pair
11. End the program
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FLOWCHART:
Start
Initialize D register
Clear accumulator
Move HL to C register
Add 01 with A
Adjust A to BCD
YES
Check
Carry?
NO
Increment D register
Increment C register
NO
Check
Carry?
YES
Store A in 4151 H
Move D to accumulator
Store A in 4150 H
Stop
www.rejinpaul.com
PROGRAM:
ADDRE
SS
4100
4101
4102
4103
4104
4105
4106
4107
4108
4109
410A
410B
410C
410D
410E
410F
4110
4111
4112
4113
4114
4115
4116
4117
4118
4119
411A
411B
411D
411E
411F
4120
4121
4122
4123
4124
4125
OPCO
DE
MNEM
ONICS
LXI
OPER
AND
H, 4150
COMMENTS
LXI
B, 0000
Load data from address to BC
MOV
SUI
A, M
64
JC
L1
Stop if A has carry
INR
JMP
B
L4
Increment BC
L1
ADI
64
Add 64 to A
L3
SUI
0A
Subtract 0A from A
JC
L2
Stop if A has carry
INR
JNC
C
L3
Increment HL
Stop if A has no carry
ADI
INX
MOV
MOV
MOV
RLC
RLC
RLC
RLC
ADD
0A
H
M, B
B, A
A, B
L4
L2
LABEL
Load data from 4150 to HL pair
Move the content from HL to A

Subtract 64 from A
Add 0A to A
Increment HL
Move B to M
Move A to B
Move B to A
Rotate accumulator
Rotate accumulator
Rotate accumulator
Rotate accumulator
Add B to A
www.rejinpaul.com
4126
4127
4128
INX
MOV
HLT
H
M, A
Increment H by 1
Stop the program
OBSERVATION:
a. ASCII TO HEXADECIMAL
INPUT
MEMORY
DATA
LOCATION
4201
OUTPUT
MEMORY
DATA
LOCATION
4301
b. HEXADECIMAL TO ASCII
INPUT
MEMORY
DATA
LOCATION
4201
OUTPUT
MEMORY
DATA
LOCATION
4301
c. HEXADECIMAL TO BINARY
INPUT
MEMORY
DATA
LOCATION
4200
MEMORY
LOCATION
4200
4201
4202
4203
OUTPUT
DATA
MEMORY
DATA
LOCATION
4204
4205
4206
4207
d. BINARY TO HEXADECIMAL
INPUT
MEMORY
DATA
LOCATION
4150
4151
OUTPUT
MEMORY
DATA
LOCATION
4152
www.rejinpaul.com
e. HEXADECIMAL TO DECIMAL
INPUT
MEMORY
DATA
LOCATION
4150
4151
OUTPUT
MEMORY
DATA
LOCATION
4152
RESULT:
Thus the assembly language programs for various code conversions are executed using
8085 microprocessor.
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EX.No:5
INTERFACING A/D AND D/A CONVERTER WITH 8085
AIM:
To write an assembly language program to convert an analog signal into a digital signal
and a digital signal into an analog signal using an ADC interfacing and DAC interfacing
respectively.
a. ADC INTERFACING WITH 8085
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
SL.NO
1
2
3
ITEM
Microprocessor kit
Power supply
ADC Interface board
SPECIFICATION
8085,Vi Microsystems
+5 V dc
Vi Microsystems
QUANTITY
1
1
1
PROBLEM STATEMENT:
To program starts from memory location 4100H. The program is executed for various
values of analog voltage which are set with the help of a potentiometer. The LED display is
verified with the digital value that is stored in the memory location 4150H.
THEORY:
An ADC usually has two additional control lines: the SOC input to tell the ADC when
to start the conversion and the EOC output to announce when the conversion is complete. The
following program initiates the conversion process, checks the EOC pin of ADC 0419 as to
whether the conversion is over and then inputs the data to the processor. It also instructs the
processor to store the converted digital data at RAM 4200H.
ALGORITHM:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Select the channel and latch the address.

Send the start conversion pulse.
Read EOC signal.
If EOC =1 continue else go to step (3)
Read the digital output.
Store it in a memory location.
www.rejinpaul.com
PROGRAM:
ADDRESS
OPCO
DE
LABEL
4100
4101
4102
4103
4104
4105
4106
4107
4108
4109
410A
410B
410C
410D
410E
410F
4110
4111
4112
4113
4114
4115
4116
4117
4118
4119
411A
411B
411C
411D
411E
411F
4120
4121
LOOP
MNEMON ICS
MVI
OPERA
ND
A, 10
OUT
C8
Output the data
MVI
A, 18
Make accumulator high
OUT
C8
Display the data
MVI
A, 01
Make 01 to accumulator
OUT
D0
Display the data
XRA
XRA
XRA
MVI
A, 00
XOR with accumulator

Make 00 to accumulator
OUT
D0
Load D0 in output port
IN
D8
ANI
01
Do and operation directly
CPI
01
Compare with accumulator
JNZ
LOOP
IN
C0
STA
4150
HLT
COMMENTS
Select channel 0 and to
make accumulator low
Store the data

End the program
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ADC- CIRCUIT:
SOC JUMPER SELECTION:
J2: SOC Jumper selection

J5: Channel selection
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OBSERVATION
ANALOG VOLTAGE
DIGITAL DATA
LED DISPLAY
ON HEX
CODE
LOCATION 4150
IN
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b. DAC INTERFACING WITH 8085

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
SL.NO
1
2
3
ITEM
Microprocessor kit
Power supply
DAC Interface board
SPECIFICATION
+5 V dc
Vi Microsystems
QUANTITY
1
1
1
SOFTWARE EXAMPLES
The following examples illustrate how to control the DAC using 8085 and generate sine
wave, saw tooth wave by means of software.
(a) SQUARE WAVE GENERATION:
The basic idea behind the generation of waveforms is the continuous generation of
Analog output of DAC. With 00(HEX) as input to DAC2, the analog output is -5V.
Similarly, with FF (Hex) as input, the output is +5V. Outputting digital data 00 and FF at
regular intervals, to DAC2, results in a square wave of amplitude I5 Volts
ALGORITHM:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Load the initial value (00) to Accumulator and move it to DAC.

Call the delay program
Load the final value (FF) to accumulator and move it to DAC.
Call the delay program.
Repeat steps 2 to 5.
PROGRAM:
ADDRESS
4100
4101
4102
4103
4104
4107
4109
410B
OPCO
DE
LABEL
MNEMON ICS
OPERAND
COMMENT
START
MVI
A, 00
Move 00 to A register
OUT
C8
Load C8 to output port
CALL
MVI
OUT
CALL
DELAY
A, FF
C8
DELAY
Call delay program

Load FF to B register
www.rejinpaul.com
410E
4112
4114
4116
4117
411A
411B
411E
DELAY
L1
L2
JMP START
MVI
MVI
DCR
JNZ
DCR
JNZ
RET
START
B, 05
C, FF
C
L2
B
L1
Jump to start of address

Move 05 to B register
Move FF to C register
Decrement C
Jump to L2 if no zero
Execute the program and using a CRO, verify that the waveform at the DAC2 output is a
square-wave. Modify the frequency of the square-wave, by varying the time delay.
(b) SAW TOOTH GENERATION:
ALGORITHM:
1. Load the initial value (00) to Accumulator
2. Move the accumulator content to DAC.
3. Increment the accumulator content by 1.
4. Repeat steps 3 and 4.
Output digital data from 00 to FF constant steps of 01 to DAC1 repeat this sequence again and
again. As a result a saw tooth wave will be generated at DAC1 output.
PROGRAM:
ADDRESS
OPCO
DE
4100
4102
4104
4105
4108
LABEL
MNEMON ICS
START
L1
MVI
OUT
INR
JNZ
JMP
OPERAN
D
A, 00
C0
A
L1
START
COMMENT
Load 00 to accumulator
Load CO in output port
Increment A register
Go
to
START
unconditionally
(c) TRIANGULAR WAVE GENERATION:

ALGORITHM:
1. Load the initial value (00) to Accumulator.
2. Move the accumulator content to DAC
4. If accumulator content is zero proceed to next step. Else go to step 3.
5. Load value (FF) to accumulator.
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7. Decrement the accumulator content by 1.
8. If accumulator content is zero go to step 2. Else go to step 2.
The following program will generate a triangular wave at DAC2 output.
PROGRAM:
ADDRESS
4100
4102
4103
4105
4106
4109
410B
410C
410E
410F
4112
OPCO
DE
LABEL
MNEMON ICS
START
L1
MVI
MOV
OUT
INR
JNZ
MVI
MOV
OUT
DCR
JNZ
JMP
L2
OPERA COMMENT
ND
L, 00
Move 00 to L register
A, L
Load L to a register
C8
Load c8 to output port
L
Increment L register
L1
L, FF
Load FF to L register
A, L
Move L to a register
C8
Load C8 to output port
L
Decrement L register
L2
START Go to START unconditionally
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DAC - CIRCUIT:
WAEFORMS:
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OBSERVATION:
WAVE FORMS
Square waveform
Saw tooth waveform
Triangular waveform
AMPLITUDE
TIME PERIOD
Result:
Thus the conversion of an analog signal into a digital signal and a digital signal into an
analog signal was done using interfacing of ADC and DAC respectively with 8085.
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EX.No:6
TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROLLERS WITH 8085
AIM
To write an assembly language program to simulate the traffic light at an intersection
using a traffic light interface.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
SL.NO
1
2
3
ITEM
Microprocessor kit
Power supply
Traffic light interface kit
SPECIFICATION
+5 V dc
Vi Microsystems
QUANTITY
1
1
1
ALGORITHM:
1. Initialize the ports.
2. Initialize the memory content, with some address to the data.
3. Read data for each sequence from the memory and display it through the ports.
4. After completing all the sequences, repeat from step2.
A SAMPLE SEQUENCE:
1. (a) Vehicles from south can go to straight or left.
(b) Vehicles from west can cross the road.
(c) Each pedestrian can cross the road.
(d) Vehicles from east no movement.
(e) Vehicles from north can go only straight.
2. All ambers are ON, indicating the change of sequence.
3. (a) Vehicles from east can go straight and left.
(b) Vehicles from south can go only left.
(c) North pedestrian can cross the road.
(d) Vehicles from north, no movement.
(e) Vehicles from west can go only straight.
5. (a) Vehicles from north can go straight and left.
(b) Vehicles from east can go only left.
(c) West pedestrian can cross the road.
(d) Vehicles from west, no movement.
(e) Vehicles from south can go only straight.
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7. (a) Vehicles from west can go straight and left.

(b) Vehicles from north can go only left.
(c) South pedestrian can cross the road.
(d) Vehicles from south, no movement.
(e) Vehicles from east can go only straight.
9. (a) All vehicles from all directions no movement.
(b) All pedestrian can cross the road.
BIT ALLOCATION:
BIT
LED
BIT
LED
BIT
LED
PA0
PA1
PA2
PA3
PA4
PA5
PA6
PA7
SOUTH LEFT
SOUTH RIGHT
SOUTH AMBER
SOUTH RED
EAST LEFT
EAST RIGHT
EAST AMBER
EAST RED
PB0
PB1
PB2
PB3
PB4
PB5
PB6
PB7
NORTH LEFT
NORTH RIGHT
NORTH AMBER
NORTH RED
WEST LEFT
WEST RIGHT
WEST AMBER
WEST RED
PC0
PC1
PC2
PC3
PC4
PC5
PC6
PC7
WEST STRAIGHT
NORTH STRAIGHT
EAST STRAIGHT
SOUTH STRAIGHT
NORTH PD
WEST PD
SOUTH PD
EAST PD
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PATH REPRESENTATION:
CONTROL ----- 0F (FOR 8255 PPI)

PORT A
----- 0C
PORT B
----- 0D
PORT C
----- 0E
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PROGRAM:
ADD OPCODE
RESS
4100 3E
4102
LABEL
D3
4104
REPEAT
MNEMON
ICS
MVI
OPERAN
D
A, 41
OUT
0F
LXI
H,DATA_
SQ
D,DATA_
E
OUT
4107
11
LXI
410A
410D
CD
EB
CALL
XCHG
410E
7E
MOV
A, M
410F
4111
4114
D3
CD
EB
OUT
CALL
XCHG
0D
DELAY1
4115
4116
4117
411A
13
23
CD
EB
INX
INX
CALL
XCHG
D
H
OUT
411B
7E
MOV
A, M
411C
411E
4121
D3
CD
EB
OUT
CALL
XCHG
0D
DELAY1
4122
4123
4124
4127
13
23
CD
EB
INX
INX
CALL
XCHG
D
H
OUT
4128
7E
MOV
A, M
4129
D3
OUT
0E
COMMENT
Move 41H immediately to
accumulator
Output
contents
of
accumulator to OF port
Load address 417B to HL
register
Load address 4187 to DE

register
Call out address 4142
Exchange contents of HL
with DE pair
Move
M
content
to
accumulator
Load port A into output port
Call delay address
Exchange content of HL
with DE pair
Increment the content of D
Increment the content of H
Call out the address
with DE pair
Move
M
content
to
accumulator
Load port B into output port
Call DELAY address
with DE pair
Increment H register
Call specified address
with DE pair
Move
M
content
to
accumulator
Load port C into output port
www.rejinpaul.com
412B
412E
CD
EB
CALL
XCHG
DELAY1
412F
4130
4131
4134
13
23
CD
EB
INX
INX
CALL
XCHG
D
H
OUT
4135
7E
MOV
A, M
4136
4138
4139
D3
23
7E
OUT
INX
MOV
0E
H
A, M
413A
413C
413F
4142
D3
CD
C3
7E
OUT
CALL
JMP
MOV
0C
DELAY1
REPEAT
A, M
4143
4145
4146
D3
23
7E
OUT
INX
MOV
0E
H
A, M
4147
4149
414A
D3
23
7E
OUT
INX
MOV
0D
H
A, M
414B
414D
4150
4151
4152
D3
CD
C9
E5
21
OUT
CALL
RET
PUSH
LXI
0C
DELAY
H
H,001F
4155
01
LXI
B,FFFF
4158
4159
0B
78
DCX
MOV
B
A, B
415A
B1
ORA
415B
415E
415F
C2
2B
7D
JNZ
DCX
MOV
LOOP
H
A, L
OUT
DELAY
Call DELAY address

with DE pair
Call specified address
with DE pair
Move
M
content
to
accumulator
Move
M
content
to
accumulator
Call DELAY address
Move
M
content
to
accumulator
Move
M
content
to
accumulator
Load port B into output port
Move
M
content
to
accumulator
Call DELAY address
Return to accumulator
Push the register H
Load 00 1F in HL register
pair
Load FF FF in DE register
pair
Move
B
content
to
accumulator
OR
content of C with
accumulator
Jump to LOOP if no zero
Decrement H register
Move
L
content
to
accumulator
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4160
B4
4161
4164
4165
4166
4167
C2
E1
C9
E5
21
416A
01
LXI
B,FFFF
416D
416E
0B
78
DCX
MOV
B
A, B
416F
B1
ORA
4170
4173
4174
C2
2B
7D
JNZ
DCX
MOV
LOOP2
H
A, L
4175
B4
ORA
4176
4179
417A
417B
C2
E1
C9
12 27 44 10
2B 92 10 9D
84 48 2E 84
48 4B 20 49
04
JNZ
POP
RET
L2
H
4187
ORA
JNZ
POP
RET
DELAY1 PUSH
LXI
H
L1
H
OR
content of H with
accumulator
Pop the register H
Return from subroutine
H
H,001F
Push the register H

Load 00 1F in HL register
pair
Load FF FF in DE register
pair
Move
B
content
to
accumulator
OR
content of C with
accumulator
Jump to LOOP2 if no zero
Decrement H register
Move
L
content
to
accumulator
OR
content of H with
accumulator
Pop the register H
Return to subroutine
DATA
SEQ DB
DATA_E
RESULT:
Thus an assembly language program to simulate the traffic light at an intersection using a
traffic light interfaces was written and implemented.
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EX.No:7
INTERFACING 8251 WITH 8085
AIM:
To write a program to initiate 8251 and to check the transmission and reception
of character.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. 8085 Microprocessor kit
2. 8251 Interface board
3. DC regulated power supply
THEORY:
The 8251 is used as a peripheral device for serial communication and is
programmed by the CPU to operate using virtually any serial data transmission technique.
The USART accepts data characters from the CPU in parallel format and the converts them
in a continuous serial data stream of transmission. Simultaneously, it can receive serial data
streams and convert them into parallel data characters for the CPU. The CPU can read the
status of USART at any time. These include data transmissions errors and control signals.
Prior to starting data transmission or reception, the 8251 must be loaded with a
set of control words generated by the CPU. These control signals define the complete
functional definition of the 8251 and must immediately follow a RESET operation. Control
words should be written in to the control register of 8251. Words should be written in to the
control register of 8251.words should be written in to the control register of
8251.Thesecontrol words are split into two formats.
1. MODE INSTRUCTION WORD
2. COMMAND INSTRUCTION WORD.
1. MODE INSTRUCTION WORD
This format defines the BAUD rate, character length, parity and stop bits required to
work with asynchronous data communication. By selecting the appropriate BAUD
factor synchronous mode, the 8251 can be operated in synchronous mode.
Initializing 8251 using the Mode instructions to the following conditions.
8 bit data
No parity
Baud rate factor (16X)
1 stop bit
Gives a mode command word of 01001110=4E(X)
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ALGORITHM
1. Initialize timer (8253) IC
2. Move the Mode command word (4EH) to A reg.
3. Output it port address C2
4. Move the command instruction word (37H) to A reg.
5. Output it to port address C2
6. Move the data to be transfer to A reg.
7. Output it to port address C0.
8. Reset the system
9. Get the data through input port address C0.
10. Store the value in memory
11. Reset the system
PROGRAM:
ADDRESS
OPC
ODE
LAB
EL
MNEM
ONICS
OPERA
ND
4100
4102
MVI
OUT
A, 36
CE
4104
4106
MVI
OUT
A, 0A
C8
4108
410A
MVI
OUT
A, 00
C8
410C
LXI
H, 4200
410F
4111
MVI
OUT
A, 4E
C2
4113
4115
MVI
OUT
A, 37
C2
4117
4119
MVI
OUT
A, 41
C0
411B
4200
RST1
IN
C0
4202
STA
4150
4205
RST1
COMMENT
Move 36 to A
Output contents of accumulator to
CE port
Move 0A to accumulator
C8 port
Move 00 to accumulator
C8 port
Store 4200 address in HL register
pair
Move 4E to accumulator
C2 port
C2 port
C0 port
Input the contents from port C0 to
accumulator
Store the output from accumulator
to 4150
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SYNCHRONOUS MODE:
S2
S1
EP
PEN
L2
L1
B2
B1
0
5
BIT
6
BIT
7
BIT
8
BIT
PARITY ENABLE
1-Enable
0-Disable
EVEN PARITY GENERATION
0-Odd
1-Even
EXTERNAL SYNC DETECT

1-Sysdetect is an input
0- Sysdetect is an output
SINGLE CHARACTER SYNC
1-Single sync character
0- Double sync character
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ASYNCHRONOUS MODE:
S2
S1
EP
PEN
L2
L1
B2
B1
0
Synch
mode
(1 X)
(16 X) (64 X)
5
BIT
6
BIT
7
BIT
8
BIT
PARITY ENABLE
1-Enable
0-Disable
EVEN PARITY GENERATION
0-Odd
1-Even
Invalid
61BIT
1.5BIT
2 BIT
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OBSERVATION:
MEMORY LOCATION
INPUT DATA
OUTPUT DATA
RESULT:
Thus the program to initiate 8251 was written and the transmission and reception of
character was checked by interfacing 8251 with 8085.
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Ex No. 8
INTERFACING 8279 WITH 8085
AIM:
To interface 8279 Programmable Keyboard Display Controller to 8085 Microprocessor.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. 8085 Microprocessor toolkit.
3. Regulated D.C. power supply.
PROGRAM:
ADDRESS
LABEL
MNEMON ICS
OPERAN
D
COMMENT
START
LXI
H, 4130
4103
MVI
D, 0F
Store the 16 bit address in

HL pair
Move 0F to D register
4105
MVI
A, 10
Move 10 to A
4107
OUT
C2
Output the contents of A to

C2 output port
4109
MVI
A, CC
Move CC to A
410B
OUT
C2
410D
MVI
A, 90

C2 output port
Move 90 to A
410F
OUT
C2
MOV
A, M
4112
OUT
C0
4114
CALL
DELAY
Output the contents of M to

A
Call the delay address
4117
INX
4118
DCR
Decrement D register
4119
JNZ
LOOP
4100
4111
OPCO
DE
LOOP

C2 output port
Move content of M to A
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411C
JMP START
START
Jump to START address
411F
DELAY
MVI
B, A0
Move a to B register
4121
LOOP1
MVI
C, FF
Move FF to C register
4123
LOOP2
DCR
Decrement C register
4124
JNZ
LOOP 1
Jump to LOOP 1 if no zero
4127
DCR
4128
JNZ
LOOP 2
Jump to LOOP 2 if no zero
412B
RET
Pointer equal to 4130 .FF repeated eight times

4130
4131
4132
4133
4134
4135
4136
4137
4138
4139
413
413B
413C
413D
413E
413F
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
98
68
7C
C8
1C
29
FF
FF
SEGMENT DEFINITION:
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DATA BUS
D7
D6
D5 D4
D3 D2 D1 D0
SEGMETS
dp
OBSERVATION:
LETTER 7
SEGMENT
DATA BUS
HEXADECIMAL
D7 D6 D5 D4
D3
D2 D1 D0
RESULT:
Thus 8279 controller was interfaced with 8085 and program for rolling display was executed
successfully.
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MICROCONTROLLER
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Ex.No: 9
8051 BASIC SIMPLE PROGRAM
AIM:
To write an assembly language program to add, subtract, multiply and divide the given
data stored at two consecutive locations using 8051 microcontroller.
a. ADDITION OF TWO 8 BIT NUMBERS

Algorithm:
1. Set DPTR as pointer for data.
2. Move first data from external memory to accumulator and save it in R1 register.
3. Increment DPTR.
4. Move second data from external memory to accumulator
5. Clear R0 register to account for carry.
6. Add the content of R1 register to accumulator.
7. Check for carry. If carry is not set go to step 8. Otherwise go to next step.
8. Increment R0 register.
9. Increment DPTR and save the sum in external memory.
10. Increment DPTR, move carry to accumulator and save it in external memory.
11. Stop
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Start
LOADTHEADDRESSINDPTR
MOVETHE1STDATATOAREGAND
SAVEITINR1REG
INCREMENTDPTRANDMOVETHE2NDDATATOAREG
CLEARR0REGISTER
ADDAREGWITHR1REGTOGETSUM
If
CY=1
Yes
INCREMENTR0REG
No
INCREMENTDPTRANDSAVEAREG
CONTENTINMEMORY
INCREMENTDPTR
MOVER0TOAREGANDTHENSAVEAREG
CONTENTINMEMORY
Stop
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Label
Program
AHEAD:
HERE:
Comments
MOV DPTR,#4500
Load address of 1st data in DPTR
MOVX A,@DPTR
Move the 1st data to A
MOV R1,A
Save the first data in R1
INC DPTR
Increment DPTR to point 2nd data
MOVX A,@DPTR
Load the 2nd data in A
MOV R0,#00
Clear R0 for the account of carry
ADD A,R1
Get the sum in A reg
JNC AHEAD
Check carry flag
INC R0
If carry is set increment R0
INC DPTR
Increment DPTR
MOVX A,@DPTR
Save the sum in external memory
INC DPTR
Increment DPTR
MOV A,R0
Move carry to A reg
MOVX A,@DPTR
Save the carry in external memory
SJMP HERE
Remain idle in infinite loop
Observation:
Input:
4500:
4501:
[Addend]
[Augend]
Output:
4502:
4503:
[Sum]
[Carry]
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Start
MOVETHEMINUENDTOAREGAND
SAVEITINR1REG
INCREMENTDPTRANDMOVE
THESUBTRAHENDTOAREG
EXCHANGER1WITHAREG
CLEARR0REGISTERANDCARRYFLAG
SUBTRACTR1FROMAREG
If
Cy=1
Yes
COMPLEMENTAAND
THENINCREMENT
INCREMENTR0REG
No
INCREMENTDPTRANDSAVEAREG
CONTENT(DIFFERENCE)INMEMORY
INCREMENTDPTR
MOVER0TOAREGANDTHENSAVEAREG
CONTENT(SIGN)INMEMORY
Stop
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b. SUBTRACTION OF TWO 8 BIT NUMBERS

Algorithm:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Set DPTR as pointer for data.

Move the minuend from external memory to accumulator and save it in R1 register.
Increment DPTR.
Move subtrahend from external memory to accumulator
Exchange the contents of R1 and A such that minuend is in A and subtrahend is in
R1
6. Clear R0 register to account for sign.
7. Clear carry flag.
8. Subtract the content of R1 register from accumulator.
9. Check for carry. If carry is not set go to step 12. Otherwise go to next step.
10. Complement the content of A reg and increment by 1 to get 2s complement of
result in A reg
11. Increment R0 register.
12. Increment DPTR and save the result in external memory.
13. Increment DPTR, move R0 (sign bit) to accumulator and then save it in external
memory.
14. Stop
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Label
Program
Comments
MOV DPTR,#4500
Load address of minuend in DPTR
MOVX A,@DPTR
Move the minuend to A
MOV R1,A
Save the minuend in R1
INC DPTR
Increment DPTR to point subtrahend
MOVX A,@DPTR
Load the subtrahend in A
XCH A,R1
Get minuend in A and Subtrahend in R1
MOV R0,#00
Clear R0 for the account of Sign
CLR C
Clear carry
SUBB A,R1
Subtract R1 from A
JNC AHEAD
Check Carry flag. If carry is set then
CPL A
Get 2s complement of result in A
INC A
AHEAD:
HERE:
INC R0
Set R0 to indicate negative sign
INC DPTR
Increment DPTR
MOVX A,@DPTR
Save the result in external memory
INC DPTR
Increment DPTR
MOV A,R0
Move sign bit to A reg
MOVX A,@DPTR
Save the sign in external memory
SJMP HERE
Observation:
Input:
4500:
4501:
Output:
4502:
4503:
[Minuend]
[Subtrahend]
[Difference]
[Sign Bit]
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Start
MOVETHE1STDATATOAREGAND
SAVEITINBREG
INCREMENTDPTRANDMOVE
THE2NDDATATOAREG
MULTIPLYAANDB
INCREMENTDPTR
SAVEAREGCONTENT(LOWERBYTEOF
PRODUCT)INMEMORY
INCREMENTDPTR
MOVEB(HIGHERBYTEOFPRODUCT)TOA
REGANDTHENSAVEAREGCONTENTIN
MEMORY
Stop
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c. MULTIPLICATION OF TWO 8 BIT NUMBERS

Algorithm:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Label
HERE:
Load address of data in DPTR

Move the first data from external memory to A and save in B.
Increment DPTR and move second data from external memory to B.
Perform multiplication to get the product in A and B.
Increment DPTR and save A ( lower byte of product) in memory
Increment DPTR , move B ( lower byte of product) to A and save it in memory
Stop
Program
Comments
MOV DPTR,#4500
Load address of 1st data in DPTR
MOVX A,@DPTR
Move the 1st data to A
MOV B,A
Save the 1st data in B
INC DPTR
Increment DPTR to point 2nd data
MOVX A,@DPTR
Load the 2nd data in A
MUL AB
Get the product in A and B
INC DPTR
Increment DPTR
MOVX A,@DPTR
Save the lower byte of result in external memory
INC DPTR
Increment DPTR
MOV A,B
Move the higher byte of product to A reg
MOVX A,@DPTR
Save it in external memory
SJMP HERE
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Observation
Input:
4500:
4501:
[1st data]
[2nd data]
Output:
4502:
4503:
[Lower byte of product]

[Higher byte of product]
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Start
LOADTHEDIVIDENDTOAREGAND
SAVEITINR0REG
INCREMENTDPTR
LOADTHEDIVISORINAREGANDSAVEITINBREG
MOVETHEDIVIDENDFROMR0TOAREG
DIVIDEAREGCONTENTBYBREG
INCREMENTDPTR
SAVEAREGCONTENT(QUOTIENT)IN
MEMORY
INCREMENTDPTR
MOVEB(REMAINDER)TOAREGANDTHEN
SAVEAREGCONTENTINMEMORY
Stop
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d. DIVISION OF TWO 8 BIT NUMBERS

Algorithm:
1. Load address of data in DPTR
2. Move the dividend from external memory to A and save it in R0 register.
3. Increment DPTR and move the divisor from external memory to A and save it in B
reg.
4. Move the dividend from R0 to A.
5. Perform division to get quotient in A and remainder in B.
6. Increment DPTR and save quotient (content of A - reg) in memory
7. Increment DPTR.
8. Move the remainder (Content of B reg) to A and save in memory.
9. Stop
Label
HERE:
Program
Comments
MOV DPTR,#4500
Load address of dividend in DPTR
MOVX A,@DPTR
Move the dividend to A
MOV R0,A
Save the dividend in R0
INC DPTR
Increment DPTR to point divisor
MOVX A,@DPTR
Load the divisor in A
MOV B,A
Move the divisor to B
MOV A,R0
Move the dividend to A
DIV AB
Divide the content of A by B
INC DPTR
Increment DPTR
MOVX A,@DPTR
Save the quotient in external memory
INC DPTR
Increment DPTR
MOV A,B
Move the remainder to A reg
MOVX A,@DPTR
Save it in external memory
SJMP HERE
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Observation:
Input:
4500:
4501:
[Dividend]
[Divisor]
Output:
4502:
4503:
[Quotient]
[Remainder]
Result:
Thus the addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of two numbers were
performed using the 8051 microcontroller.
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Ex N0. 10a
SUM OF ELEMENTS IN AN ARRAY
AIM:
To find the sum of elements in an array.
ALGORITHM:
1.
Load the array in the consecutive memory location and initialize the
memory pointer with the starting address.
2.
Load the total number of elements in a separate register as a counter.
3.
Clear the accumulator.
4.
Load the other register with the value of the memory pointer.
5.
Add the register with the accumulator.
6.
Check for carry, if exist, increment the carry register by 1. otherwise,

continue
7.
Decrement the counter and if it reaches 0, stop. Otherwise increment the

memory pointer by 1 and go to step 4.
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START
[DPTR] [4200H],
Clear B, R1 and CY
[A] [DPTR]
[R0] [A]
[A] [DPTR+1]
[A] [A] +[B]
[A] [B]
No
Is Cy=1
Yes
[R1] [R1]+1
[R0] [R0]-1
IS
[R0] = 0?
No
Yes
[4500] [A] [B]
[4501] [A] [R1]
STOP
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PROGRAM:
Label
Program
Comments
MOV DPTR, #4200
Load 4200 to DPTR, get array size
MOVX A, @DPTR
Copy array size value to A
MOV R0, A
Move contents of A to R0
MOV B, #00
MOV R1, B
AGAIN
CLR C
Clear B, R1 & Carry Flag
INC DPTR
Get value from data pointer
MOVX A, @DPTR
ADD A, B
Sum of two numbers
MOV B, A
NC
JNC NC
If no carry jump to NC
INC R1
Else increment R1
DJNZ R0,AGAIN
Decrement size of array, if not zero fetch data from

DPTR and add to the resultant value
MOV DPTR, #4500
Store the result in 4500 memory locations
MOV A, B
MOVX @DPTR, A
INC DPTR
MOV A, R1
MOVX @DPTR, A
HERE
SJMP HERE
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OBSERVATION:
INPUT
4200
OUTPUT
4500
4201
4202
4501
4203
RESULT:
The sum of elements in an array is calculated.
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Exp. No 10(b)
8051 Check Odd or Even using Call Option
AIM:
To Check whether given number is Odd or Even using Call Option.
ALGORITHM:
1. Start
2. Move the data to DPTR
3. Move the data to accumulator
4. Call check function whether given number is odd or even
5. Increment DPTR
6. Resultant value stored in DPTR-4201
7. Halt
Check Function
8. Rotate right through carry
9. If carry copy 00 to B reg (odd number)
10. Else copy EE to B reg (even number)
11. return
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START
[DPTR] [4200H]
[A] [DPTR]
Check Even &
odd
[DPTR] [DPTR] +1
[A] [B]
[DPTR] [A]
STOP
Check Even &

odd
Rotate the A right

through carry
Yes
Is CY=1
No
[B] EEH, for even
[B] 00H, for odd
Return
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PROGRAM:
Label
Program
Comments
MOV DPTR, #4200
Load 4200 to DPTR, get a number
MOVX A, @DPTR
Copy value to A
CALL CHECK_EV_OD
Call check function whether given number is

odd or even
INC DPTR
MOV A,B
HERE
MOVX @DPTR, A
Resultant value stored in DPTR-4201
SJMP HERE
CHECK_EV_OD RRC A
L1
Rotate right through carry
JC L1
If carry copy 00 to B reg (odd number)
MOV B,#0EEH
Else copy EE to B reg (even number)
MOV B,#00H
RET
OBSERVATION:
INPUT
4200
OUTPUT
4201
RESULT:
Thus the given number is either even or odd has been found using 8051 microcontroller.
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11 INTERFACING A/D & D/A CONVERTER WITH 8051
a. ADC INTERFACING WITH 8051

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
SL.NO
1
2
3
ITEM
Microcontroller kit
Power supply
ADC Interface board
SPECIFICATION
+5 V dc
Vi Microsystems
QUANTITY
1
1
1
PROBLEM STATEMENT:
To program starts from memory location 4100H. The program is executed for various
values of analog voltage which are set with the help of a potentiometer. The LED display is
verified with the digital value that is stored in the memory location 4150H.
THEORY:
An ADC usually has two additional control lines: the SOC input to tell the ADC when
to start the conversion and the EOC output to announce when the conversion is complete. The
following program initiates the conversion process, checks the EOC pin of ADC 0419 as to
whether the conversion is over and then inputs the data to the processor. It also instructs the
processor to store the converted digital data at RAM 4200H.
ALGORITHM:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Select the channel and latch the address.

Send the start conversion pulse.
Read EOC signal.
If EOC =1 continue else go to step (3)
Read the digital output.
Store it in a memory location.
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PROGRAM:
Label
Program
Comments
MOV DPTR, #FFC8

MOV A,#10
Select Channel 0 and make ALE Low
MOVX @DPTR, A
MOV A,#18
make ALE High
MOVX @DPTR, A
MOV DPTR, #FFD0
MOV A,#01
SOC signal High
MOVX @DPTR, A
MOV A,#00
SOC signal low
MOVX @DPTR, A
MOV DPTR, #FFD8
WAIT
MOVX A,@DPTR
JNB E0,WAIT
Check for EOC
MOV DPTR,#FFC0
Read ADC data
MOVX A,@DPTR
MOV DPTR,#4150
Store the data in memory location
MOVX @DPTR, A
HERE
SJMP HERE
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ADC- CIRCUIT:
SOC JUMPER SELECTION:
J2: SOC Jumper selection
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J5: Channel selection
OBSERVATION
ANALOG VOLTAGE
DIGITAL DATA
LED DISPLAY
ON HEX
CODE
LOCATION 4150
IN
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(b) INTERFACING D/A CONVERTER WITH 8051

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
SL.NO
1
2
3
ITEM
Microprocessor kit
Power supply
DAC Interface board
SPECIFICATION
+5 V dc
Vi Microsystems
QUANTITY
1
1
1
THEORY:
SOFTWARE EXAMPLES
After going through the software examples you can learn how to control the
DAC using 8051 and generate sine wave, saw tooth wave etc by means of software.
ALGORITHM:
(a) SQUARE WAVE GENERATION:
1. Load the initial value (00) to Accumulator and move it to DAC.
2. Call the delay program
3. Load the final value (FF) to accumulator and move it to DAC.
4. Call the delay program.
5. Repeat steps 2 to 5.
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DAC - CIRCUIT:
WAVEFORMS:
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OBSERVATION:
WAVE FORMS
Square waveform
Saw tooth waveform
Triangular waveform
AMPLITUDE
TIME PERIOD
PROGRAM:
The basic idea behind the generation of waveforms is the continuous generation of
Analog output of DAC.
With 00(HEX) as input to DAC2, the analog output is -5V. Similarly, with FF (Hex) as
input, the output is +5V. Outputting digital data 00 and FF at regular intervals, to DAC2,
results in a square wave of amplitude I5 Volts.
ADDRESS
LABEL
MNEMON ICS
OPCODE
OPERAND COMMENT
MOV DPTR,#FFC8
START MOV A,#00
MOVX @DPTR,A
LCALL DELAY
MOV A,# FF
MOVX @DPTR,A
LCALL DELAY
LJMP START
DELAY MOV R1,#05
LOO[P
MOV R2,#FF
DJNZ R2,HERE
DJNZ R1,LOOP
RET
SJMP START
Execute the program and using a CRO, verify that the waveform at the DAC2 output is
a square-wave. Modify the frequency of the square-wave, by varying the time delay.
(b) SAW TOOTH GENERATION
1. Load the initial value (00) to Accumulator
4. Repeat steps 3 and 4.
Output digital data from 00 to FF constant steps of 01 to DAC1 repeat this sequence again and
again. As a result a saw tooth wave will be generated at DAC1 output.
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PROGRAM:
ADDRESS
LABEL
LOOP
MNEMON ICS
MOV DPTR,#FFC0
MOV A,#00
MOVX @DPTR,A
INC A
SJMP LOOP
OPCODE OPERAND
COMMENT
(c) TRIANGULAR WAVE GENERATION

1. Load the initial value (00) to Accumulator.
2. Move the accumulator content to DAC
4. If accumulator content is zero proceed to next step. Else go to step 3.
5. Load value (FF) to accumulator.
7. Decrement the accumulator content by 1.
8. If accumulator content is zero go to step 2. Else go to step 2.
The following program will generate a triangular wave at DAC2 output. The program is
self explanatory.
ADDRESS
LABEL
START
LOOP1
LOOP2
MNEMON ICS
MOV DPTR,#FFC8
MOV A,#00
MOVX @DPTR,A
INC A
JNZ LOOP1
MOV A,#FF
MOVX @DPTR,A
DEC A
JNZ LOOP2
LJMP START
OPCODE OPERAND
COMMENT
OBSERVATION:
WAVE FORMS
Square waveform
Saw tooth waveform
Triangular waveform
AMPLITUDE
TIME PERIOD
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Result:
Thus the square, triangular and saw tooth wave form were generated by interfacing
DAC with 8051 trainer kit.
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Ex.No:15
INTERFACING 8253 TIMER WITH 8085
AIM:
To interface 8253 Interface board to 8085 microprocessor to demonstrate the generation of
square wave.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. 8085 microprocessor kit
3. DC regulated power supply
4. CRO.
.
PROGRAM:
Address
4100
4102
4104
4106
4108
410A
410C
Opcodes
3E 36
D3 CE
3E 0A
D3 C8
3E 00
D3 C8
76
Label
Mnemonic Operands
START: MVI
A, 36
OUT
CE
MVI
A, 0A
OUT
C8
MVI
A, 00
OUT
C8
HLT
Comments
Channel 0 in mode 3
Send Mode Control word
LSB of count
Write count to register
MSB of count
Write count to register
Set the jumper, so that the clock 0 of 8253 is given a square wave of frequency 1.5
MHz. This program divides this PCLK by 10 and thus the output at channel 0 is 150 KHz.
Vary the frequency by varying the count. Here the maximum count is FFFF H. So, the
square wave will remain high for 7FFF H counts and remain low for 7FFF H counts. Thus
with the input clock frequency of 1.5 MHz, which corresponds to a period of 0.067
microseconds, the resulting square wave has an ON time of 0.02184 microseconds and an OFF
time of 0.02184 microseconds.
To increase the time period of square wave, set the jumpers such that CLK2 of 8253 is
connected to OUT 0. Using the above-mentioned program, output a square wave of frequency
150 KHz at channel 0. Now this is the clock to channel 2.
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CONTROL WORD:
SC1
SC2
RW1 RW0
M2
M1
M0
BCD
SC-SELECT COUNTER:
SC1
SC0
SELECT COUNTER
Select counter 0
Select counter 1
Select counter 2
Read back command
M-MODE:
M2
0
0
X
X
1
1
M1
0
0
1
1
0
0
M0
0
1
0
1
0
1
MODE
Mode 0
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3
Mode 4
Mode 5
READ/WRITE:
RW1
RW0
Counter latch command
R/W least significant bit only
R/W most significant bit only
R/W least sig first and most sig byte
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BCD:
0
Binary counter 16-bit
Binary coded decimal counter
Result:
Thus the 8253 has been interfaced to 8085 p and with different modes of 8253 have
been studied.
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Ex.No:15
STEPPER MOTOR INTERFACING WITH 8051
AIM:
To interface a stepper motor with 8051 microcontroller and operate it.
THEORY:
A motor in which the rotor is able to assume only discrete stationary angular position is
a stepper motor. The rotary motion occurs in a step-wise manner from one equilibrium position
to the next. Stepper Motors are used very wisely in position control systems like printers, disk
drives, process control machine tools, etc.
The basic two-phase stepper motor consists of two pairs of stator poles. Each of the
four poles has its own winding. The excitation of any one winding generates a North Pole. A
South Pole gets induced at the diametrically opposite side. The rotor magnetic system has two
end faces. It is a permanent magnet with one face as South Pole and the other as North Pole.
The Stepper Motor windings A1, A2, B1, B2 are cyclically excited with a DC current
to run the motor in clockwise direction. By reversing the phase sequence as A1, B2, A2, B1,
anticlockwise stepping can be obtained.
2-PHASE SWITCHING SCHEME:
In this scheme, any two adjacent stator windings are energized. The switching scheme
is shown in the table given below. This scheme produces more torque.
ANTICLOCKWISE
STEP A1
A2
B1
1
2
3
4
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
B2
DATA
1
1
0
0
9h
5h
6h
Ah
CLOCKWISE
STEP A1 A2
1
2
3
4
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
B1
B2
DATA
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
Ah
6h
5h
9h
ADDRESS DECODING LOGIC:

The 74138 chip is used for generating the address decoding logic to generate the device
select pulses, CS1 & CS2 for selecting the IC 74175.The 74175 latches the data bus to the
stepper motor driving circuitry.
Stepper Motor requires logic signals of relatively high power. Therefore, the interface
circuitry that generates the driving pulses use silicon Darlington pair transistors. The inputs for
the interface circuit are TTL pulses generated under software control using the Microcontroller
Kit. The TTL levels of pulse sequence from the data bus are translated to high voltage output
pulses using a buffer 7407 with open collector.
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BLOCK DIAGRAM:
8051
MICROCONTROLLER
8255
DRIVER CIRCUIT
STEPPER MOTOR
REPRESENTATION:
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PROGRAM :
Address OPCODES
Label
MNEM
ONICS
ORG
4100
START MOV
4103
4105
LOOP:
OPERAND
4100h
DPTR, #TABLE
MOV
MOVX
R0, #04
A, @DPTR
4106
4108
410A
PUSH
PUSH
MOV
DPH
DPL
DPTR, #0FFC0h
410D
MOVX
@DPTR, A
410E
4110
MOV
MOV
R4, #0FFh
R5, #0FFh
DJNZ
R5, DELAY1
4114
4116
4118
411A
DJNZ
POP
POP
INC
R4, DELAY
DPL
DPH
DPTR
411B
DJNZ
R0, LOOP
411D
SJMP
START
4112
411F
DELA
Y:
DELA
Y1:
TABLE DB
:
Comments
09 05 06 0Ah
Load the start address

of switching scheme
data TABLE into Data
Pointer (DPTR)
Load the count in R0
Load the number in
TABLE into A
Push DPTR value to
Stack
Load the Motor port
address into DPTR
Send the value in A to
stepper Motor port
address
Delay loop to cause a
specific amount of
time delay before next
data item is sent to the
Motor
POP back DPTR value
from Stack
Increment DPTR to
point to next item in
the table
Decrement R0, if not
zero repeat the loop
Short jump to Start of
the program to make
the motor rotate
continuously
Values as per twophase switching
scheme
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PROCEDURE:
1. Enter the above program starting from location 4100.and execute the same.
2. The stepper motor rotates.
3. Varying the count at R4 and R5 can vary the speed.
4. Entering the data in the look-up TABLE in the reverse order can vary direction of
rotation.
RESULT:
Thus a stepper motor was interfaced with 8051 and run in forward and reverse
directions at various speeds.

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Valliammai Engineering College

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

EE6612 Microprocessors and Microcontrollers Laboratory Manual

III Year- VI Semester - Electrical and Electronics Engineering

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Ability to understand and analyse, linear and digital electronic circuits.

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SIMPLE ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS

a. 8 BIT DATA ADDITION:

Initialize memory pointer to data location.

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b. 8 BIT DATA SUBTRACTION

Initialize memory pointer to data location.

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Transfer first data to

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8 BIT DATA MULTIPLICATION:

Initialize memory pointer to data location.

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[A] [A] +[M]

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Transfer first data to

Clear C reg for carry

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