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    Kinetics Formula

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    Imran Gani
    Chemical kinetics formulas can be used to describe reaction rates. Rates are expressed as concentrations changing over time and can be modeled by differential equations. Reaction rates are shown as positive for forward reactions with reactants having negative rates. Rate laws define reaction rates as zero order, first order, or second order depending on dependencies on reactant concentrations. The Arrhenius equation models temperature dependence of reaction rates and can be used to determine rate constants at different temperatures based on activation energy. Half-lives represent the time for a reactant concentration to reduce to half its initial value.

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    Kinetics Formula

    Uploaded by

    Imran Gani
    291 views1 page
    Chemical kinetics formulas can be used to describe reaction rates. Rates are expressed as concentrations changing over time and can be modeled by differential equations. Reaction rates are shown as positive for forward reactions with reactants having negative rates. Rate laws define reaction rates as zero order, first order, or second order depending on dependencies on reactant concentrations. The Arrhenius equation models temperature dependence of reaction rates and can be used to determine rate constants at different temperatures based on activation energy. Half-lives represent the time for a reactant concentration to reduce to half its initial value.

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    Chemical kinetics formulas can be used to describe reaction rates. Rates are expressed as concentrations changing over time and can be modeled by differential equations. Reaction rates are shown as positive for forward reactions with reactants having negative rates. Rate laws define reaction rates as zero order, first order, or second order depending on dependencies on reactant concentrations. The Arrhenius equation models temperature dependence of reaction rates and can be used to determine rate constants at different temperatures based on activation energy. Half-lives represent the time for a reactant concentration to reduce to half its initial value.

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    291 views1 page

    Kinetics Formula

    Uploaded by

    Imran Gani
    Chemical kinetics formulas can be used to describe reaction rates. Rates are expressed as concentrations changing over time and can be modeled by differential equations. Reaction rates are shown as positive for forward reactions with reactants having negative rates. Rate laws define reaction rates as zero order, first order, or second order depending on dependencies on reactant concentrations. The Arrhenius equation models temperature dependence of reaction rates and can be used to determine rate constants at different temperatures based on activation energy. Half-lives represent the time for a reactant concentration to reduce to half its initial value.

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    Chemical Kinetics - Formulas

    conc [A]
    All rates written as time ort . Instantaneous rate is the slope of a concentration vs time plot and is
    d[A]
    shown by the differential equation: dt . Overall rates for forward reactions are shown as POSITIVE rates,
    d[A]
    therefore, all reactants (which have negative rate of change) must have their rates negated dt .

    In general for the overall reation:


    [A] [B] + [C] + [D]
    aA + bB c C + d D
    = = =
    overall rxn rate a t b t c t d t
    Note that each individual rate is divided by its coefficient in the balanced chemical equation.
    Half-life (t1/2) : The time it takes for the concentration to drop to one half its current value during the course of
    the reaction. Note that the current value is typically the initial starting value - but not always.

    Rate Laws for: aA products (all the following equations assume that k is for the overall reaction)
    Zero Order First Order Second Order
    rate = ak rate = ak[A] rate = ak[A]2
    ln[A]0 ln[A]t = akt
    1 1
    [A]0 [A]t = akt [A] = akt
    ln 0 = akt [A]t [A]0
    [A]
    1 1
    [A]t = -akt + [A]0 ln[A]t = akt + ln[A]0 = akt +
    [A]t [A]0
    1
    [A]0 ln2 t1/ 2 =
    t1/ 2 = t1/ 2 =
    2ak ak ak[A]0

    Watch out for this! Make sure you know HOW k is defined for a reaction. It must be known WHICH component that the rate is
    being expressed. Is it A? B? C? D? Many times k is given for the overall reaction. If that is the case then you must remember to scale
    k by the coefficients (a, b, c, or d) given in order to get the right rates for each component. That is: k = ak, etc (this is discussed in
    15.2 in your textbook)
    section

    Temperature dependence of rate (Arrhenius Equation) k = Ae Ea /RT

    Heres the straight line plot (y = mx + b) version:



    Ea 1
    ln k = + ln A
    R T

    When finding
    the new k at a new T...
    k2 Ea 1 1 Here is the version using half-lives instead of ks
    ln =
    k1 R T1 T2 t1 Ea 1 1
    ln =
    Note this is the typical Arrhenius Equation where you have 2 t2 R T1 T2
    specific rate consants at 2 specific temperatures. Remember This is still the Arrhenius Equation, EXCEPT we now show
    they come in pairs. Also note how the Arrhenius factor A, has TIME in place of rate constant. Time is inversely proportional
    factored OUT of the equation. to rate so the positions are switched. Any common timed event
    will work half-life is the most common.

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