7 - Similar Triangles (Math) NEWTON CLASSES
7 - Similar Triangles (Math) NEWTON CLASSES
SIMILAR FIGURES
Two figures are said to be similar, if they have the same shape. Similar figures may differ in size. Thus, two
congruent figures are always similar, but two similar figures need not be congruent
Ex. 1. Any two line segments are similar. 2. Any two equilateral triangles are similar
3. Any two squares are similar. 4. Any two circles are similar.
AB BC AC
and .
DE EF DF
And, we write ABC DEF.
The sign ' ' is read as is similar to
THEOREM-l (Thales Theorem or Basic Proportionality Theorem): If a line is drawn parallel to one
side of a triangle intersecting the other two sides, then the other two sides are divided in the same ratio.
Given: A ABC in which line parallel to BC DE || BC intersecting AB at D and AC at E.
AD AE
To prove:
DB EC
Construction: Join D to C and E to B. Through E drawn EF perpendicular to BE i.e., EF AB and
through D draw DG AC.
STATEMENT REASON
1 1
1 Area of ADE AD EF Area of base altitude
2 2
SIMILAR TRIANGLES
2
1 By 1.
2 Area of BDE BD EF
2
1 Similarly
Area ADE 2 AD EF AD
3
Area BDE 1 BD EF DB
2
4 Area BDE Area CDE BDE and CDE are on the same base BC and
between the same parallel lines DE and BC
AD AE By 1, & 5.
6
DB EC
Hence proved
THEOREM-2 (Converse of Basic Proportionality Theorem): If a line divides any two sides of a
triangle proportionally, the line is parallel to the third side,
AD AE
Given: A ABC and DE is a line meeting AB and AC at D and E respectively such that
DB EC
To prove: DE || BC
Proof :
STATEMENT REASON
1 If possible, let DE be not parallel to BC,
Then draw DF || BC
2. AD AF By Basic Proportionality
DB FC
3. AD AE Given
DB EC
4. AF AE From 2 and 3.
FC EC Adding 1 on both sides
AF AE By addition
1 1
FC EC AF FC AC and AE EC AC.
AF FC AE EC
FC EC
AC AC
FC EC
FC EC E and F coincide But,
SIMILAR TRIANGLES
3
Hence, proved
Ex.1. In the adjoining figure, DE || BC.
(i) If AD 3.4 cm, AB 8.5cm and AC 13.5cm, find AE
AD 3
(ii) If and AC 9.6cm, Find AE.
DB 5
AD AE
Sol. (i) Since DE || BC, we have
AB AC
3.4 AE 3.4 13.5
5.4
8.5 13.5 8.5
Hence, AE 5.4 cm.
AD AE
(ii) Since DE || BC, we have
DB EC
AE 3 AD 3
given
EC 5 DB 5
Let AE x cm. Then, EC AC AE 9.6 x cm.
x 3
5x 3 9.6 x
9.6 x 5
5x 28.8 3x 8x 28.8 x 3.6.
AE 3.6cm
Ex.2. In the adjoining figure, AD 5.6cm, AB 8.4 cm, AE 3.8 cm and AC 5.7 show that DE || BC
Sol. We have, AD 5.6cm, DB AB AD 8.4 5.6 cm 2.8cm.
AD 5.6 2 AE 3.8 2
and
DB 2.8 1 EC 1.9 1
AD AE
Thus,
DB EC
DE divides AB and AC proportionally.
Hence, DE || BC
PS PT
Ex. 3. In Fig, and PST PRQ, Prove that PQR is an isosceles triangle.
SQ TR
PS PT
Sol. It is given that
SQ TR
So, ST || QR (Theorem)
SIMILAR TRIANGLES
4
CD || BA
EF || BA and CD both
We join AC
It mets EF at O.
In ACD, OE || CD
AO AE
(i)
OC ED
CAB, OF || AB
CO CF
[B.P.T]
OA FB
AO BF
(ii)
OC FC
AE BF
ED FC
Hence, proved