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7 - Similar Triangles (Math) NEWTON CLASSES

1) The document discusses similar triangles and the properties that define them. Similar triangles have equal corresponding angles and proportional corresponding sides. 2) It presents two theorems about similar triangles: Thales' Theorem states that if a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle, it divides the other two sides proportionally. The converse of this theorem states that if a line divides the sides of a triangle proportionally, then it is parallel to the third side. 3) Examples are provided to demonstrate using the theorems to find missing side lengths of similar triangles.

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MAHESH SINGH
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
155 views4 pages

7 - Similar Triangles (Math) NEWTON CLASSES

1) The document discusses similar triangles and the properties that define them. Similar triangles have equal corresponding angles and proportional corresponding sides. 2) It presents two theorems about similar triangles: Thales' Theorem states that if a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle, it divides the other two sides proportionally. The converse of this theorem states that if a line divides the sides of a triangle proportionally, then it is parallel to the third side. 3) Examples are provided to demonstrate using the theorems to find missing side lengths of similar triangles.

Uploaded by

MAHESH SINGH
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SIMILAR TRIANGLES

SIMILAR FIGURES
Two figures are said to be similar, if they have the same shape. Similar figures may differ in size. Thus, two
congruent figures are always similar, but two similar figures need not be congruent
Ex. 1. Any two line segments are similar. 2. Any two equilateral triangles are similar
3. Any two squares are similar. 4. Any two circles are similar.

We use symbol ' ' to indicate similarity of figure.


SIMILAR TRIANGLES
ABC and DEF are said to be similar, if their corresponding angles are equal and the corresponding sides are
proportional.
i.e., when A D, B E, C F

AB BC AC
and .
DE EF DF
And, we write ABC DEF.
The sign ' ' is read as is similar to
THEOREM-l (Thales Theorem or Basic Proportionality Theorem): If a line is drawn parallel to one
side of a triangle intersecting the other two sides, then the other two sides are divided in the same ratio.
Given: A ABC in which line parallel to BC DE || BC intersecting AB at D and AC at E.

AD AE
To prove:
DB EC
Construction: Join D to C and E to B. Through E drawn EF perpendicular to BE i.e., EF AB and
through D draw DG AC.

STATEMENT REASON

1 1
1 Area of ADE AD EF Area of base altitude
2 2
SIMILAR TRIANGLES
2

1 By 1.
2 Area of BDE BD EF
2

1 Similarly
Area ADE 2 AD EF AD
3
Area BDE 1 BD EF DB
2

4 Area BDE Area CDE BDE and CDE are on the same base BC and
between the same parallel lines DE and BC

Area ADE AE By 3 & 4.


5
Area BDE EC

AD AE By 1, & 5.
6
DB EC

Hence proved
THEOREM-2 (Converse of Basic Proportionality Theorem): If a line divides any two sides of a
triangle proportionally, the line is parallel to the third side,
AD AE
Given: A ABC and DE is a line meeting AB and AC at D and E respectively such that
DB EC
To prove: DE || BC

Proof :

STATEMENT REASON
1 If possible, let DE be not parallel to BC,
Then draw DF || BC

2. AD AF By Basic Proportionality

DB FC
3. AD AE Given

DB EC
4. AF AE From 2 and 3.

FC EC Adding 1 on both sides
AF AE By addition
1 1
FC EC AF FC AC and AE EC AC.
AF FC AE EC

FC EC
AC AC

FC EC
FC EC E and F coincide But,
SIMILAR TRIANGLES
3

DF || BC. Hence DE || BC.

Hence, proved
Ex.1. In the adjoining figure, DE || BC.
(i) If AD 3.4 cm, AB 8.5cm and AC 13.5cm, find AE
AD 3
(ii) If and AC 9.6cm, Find AE.
DB 5
AD AE
Sol. (i) Since DE || BC, we have
AB AC
3.4 AE 3.4 13.5
5.4
8.5 13.5 8.5
Hence, AE 5.4 cm.

AD AE
(ii) Since DE || BC, we have
DB EC
AE 3 AD 3
given
EC 5 DB 5
Let AE x cm. Then, EC AC AE 9.6 x cm.

x 3
5x 3 9.6 x
9.6 x 5
5x 28.8 3x 8x 28.8 x 3.6.
AE 3.6cm
Ex.2. In the adjoining figure, AD 5.6cm, AB 8.4 cm, AE 3.8 cm and AC 5.7 show that DE || BC
Sol. We have, AD 5.6cm, DB AB AD 8.4 5.6 cm 2.8cm.

AE 3.8cm, EC AC AE 5.7 3.8 cm 1.9cm.

AD 5.6 2 AE 3.8 2
and
DB 2.8 1 EC 1.9 1
AD AE
Thus,
DB EC
DE divides AB and AC proportionally.
Hence, DE || BC
PS PT
Ex. 3. In Fig, and PST PRQ, Prove that PQR is an isosceles triangle.
SQ TR
PS PT
Sol. It is given that
SQ TR
So, ST || QR (Theorem)
SIMILAR TRIANGLES
4

Therefore, PST PQR (Corresponding angles) (1)


Also, it given that
PST PRQ (2)
So, PRQ PQR [From 1 and 2]
Therefore PQ PR [Sides opposite the equal angles]
i.e., PQR is an isosceles triangle.
Ex. 4 Prove that any line parallel to parallel sides of a trapezium divides the non-parallel sides
proportionally (i.e., in the same ratio).
OR
ABCD is a trapezium with DC || AB. E and F are points on AD and BC respectively such that
AE BF
EF || AB. Show that
ED FC
Sol. We are given trapezium ABCD.

CD || BA

EF || BA and CD both

We join AC

It mets EF at O.

In ACD, OE || CD

AO AE
(i)
OC ED

(Basic Proportionality Theorem)

CAB, OF || AB

CO CF
[B.P.T]
OA FB

AO BF
(ii)
OC FC

From (i) and (ii)

AE BF

ED FC

Hence, proved

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