UPT.

TAHUN PERTAMA BERSAMA (TPB)

Mataram University

A Students Book

English 1 Compiled by:

Lalu Jaswadi Putera, M.Pd.
Editor:
Dr. Muhammad Amin, M.Tesol.

i
 UPT. TAHUN PERTAMA BERSAMA
2017

A S t udent s Book

English 1

Compiled by:
Lalu Jaswadi Putera, MPd.

Editor:
Dr. Muhammad Amin, M.Tesol.

ii
 List of Contents
Unit 1 The Nature's Classroom 1

Unit 2 The Incredible Dolphin 6

Unit 3 The Hottest Chili in The World 10

Unit 4 Travel and Adventure 14

Unit 5 Famous Places: Vanuatu 18

Unit 6 City Life 22

UTS

Unit 7 Prehistoric Timeline: Dinosaurs 26

Unit 8 A Penguin's Year 30

Unit 9 Life Beyond Earth 36

Unit 10 The Silk Story 41

Unit 11 History and Legends 46

Unit 12 Mystery on Top of the Everest 50

Unit 13 The Lost Treasure of the Inca 55

UAS

iii
 1. THE NATURES CLASSROOM
Learning Objectives:
After completing this unit, students are expected to be able to:
1. know the words in the reading passage related to education
2. correctly use the words in context
3. correctly answer different types of questions in the reading passage (main
idea, detail, reference, inference, and vocabulary questions)
4. summarize the main idea in each paragraph of the reading passage and then
retell or paraphrase.

1. WARM UP
Discuss these questions with a partner.
1. What do you think is the most important skill you learn in school?
2. What are schools like in your country/place? How are they different
from schools in other countries/places?
3. If you could create your dream school, what would it be like?

2. PRE-READING

A. Labeling. Read the information and label the animals pictured above (1-3).
Kruger National Park is one of the oldest and largest parks in Africa. It was
first set up in 1898 to control hunting and to protect the wildlife living there.
Today, it is home to an incredible variety of species, including more than
500 types of birds and about 150 different types of mammals. Among these
are deer-like (1) antelope (like the steenbok and impala), (2) hyena, and a
wild pig known as a (4) warthog.

B. Skim for main idea. Look at the photos of Southern Cross School on the
next page, and quickly skim the reading. What is unusual about this
school? Read the passage again to check your ideas.

1
1 Look around your classroom. Do you see students sitting
at desks? Are teachers writing on a board and giving
lectures? At Southern Cross School, near the famous
Kruger National Park in South Africa, things are different.
5 Here, nature is the classroom.

Both the park and the school are home to wild animals
such as giraffes, impalas, and warthogs. Students at the
school study the same subjects as other students in South
Africa. But at Southern Cross, the staff and students
10 go out into the wild to learn.

In one lesson, students apply the principles of

mathematics to study of local wildlife. Younger students
count how many kinds of animals drank at the nearby
water troughs during the night. Older students measure
15 the amount of water the animals drank, and calculate how
much water the animals will need over weeks or months.

In language classes, a common topic is conservation. In

one recent debate, students discussed an important
question: should people give water to the wild animals
20 during a drought? Another project might consist of
finding out how an animal died.

The director of the school is Ant de Boer. His aim is for

students to learn the importance of caring for the
environment. De Boer says, When they leave school, we
25 want them to be champions of the natural environment.
As the school motto says, Southern Cross aims to be a
School for the Planet.

2
 3. READING COMPREHENSION
A. Multiple Choice. Choose the best answer for each question.

1. Southern Cross is a special kind of school because its students ___________.

a. dont study normal school subjects
b. listen to a lot of lectures and about nature
c. use nature to study scool subjects
d. take care of animals in their classroom

2. Which of the following is closest in meaning to go out into the wild (line 10)?
a. go camping c. go away
b. go outdoors d. go to school

3. What is the purpose of the third paragraph (line 11-16)?

a. to give examples of how Southern Cross students study mathematics
b. to describe the various subjects that students study at Southern Cross
c. to explain how much water Southern African animals drink
d. to show why its important to learn about mathematics

4. Which of these is a kind of wildlife (line 12)?

a. students c. animals
b. mathematics d. troughs

5. Which type of lesson goal is NOT mentioned?

a. measuring how much water animals drink
b. learning how many animals died
c. talking about a conservation topic
d. calculating how many animals there are in the park

6. What does the word them refer to (line 25)?

a. the students
b. the animals
c. the school
d. the environment

B. Matching. Match the ending of each sentence (a-e) to its beginning.

1. Southern Cross is close to ________
2. Southern Cross is different from most schools ________
3. To learn mathematics, student at Southern Cross ________
4. To improve their language skills, students at Southern Cross ________
5. The Southern Cross School wants students to ________

a. might have a debate about conservation.

b. take care of the environment after they leave.
c. Kruger National Park in South Africa.
d. might count how many animals drank at the troughs.
e. because students often have lessons in the wild.

3
C. Summarizing Main Ideas. Write the stated main idea for each paragraph.

Paragraph 3

Paragraph 4

Paragraph 5

4
 D. True or False. Read the sentences below, and decide whether each
statement is true (T) or false (F).
1. The Southern Cross School is close to the famous Kruger National Park _____
2. The Kruger National Park is NOT located in South Africa. _____
3. The classroom in Southern Cross School is nature. _____
4. The park is home to wild animals, but the school is NOT. _____
5. Students study subjects which are NOT different from the other students _____
in South Africa.
6. The students do NOT need to study mathematics. _____
7. In language classes, a common topic is on how to protect the wildlife. _____
8. The school director says that he wants the students to win sports _____
championship.

4. VOCABULARY PRACTICE
A. Completion. Complete the information using words
from the box. One word is extra.

aim boards lectures principle staff

apply local consists project topics

Utah in the United States is famous for its beautiful desert

and national parks and an unusual school called
Boulder Outdoor Survival School (BOSS). The teaching
(1)____________ at BOSS follow an unusual
(2)____________: know more, carry less. Their
(3)____________ is to teach people to survive in wild
areas with no camping equipment. Teachers dont give
(4)____________ on math or science, nor do they teach
students by writing on (5)____________. Instead, BOSS
brings students outside, where they learn about
(6)____________ like making fires, finding water in the
desert, and learning about (7)____________ plants.
Students then (8)____________ the lessons they have
learned during 30-mile (48-km) hikes. A students final
exam (9)____________ of going into the desert alone for
three days with only a few simple tools. Even though its
difficult, students say its an incredible and valuable Many movies have been filmed in Utahs
experience. famous rocky desert.

B. Definitions. Use the words in the box in A to complete the definitions.

1. If you _________________ something, you use it in an activity.
2. A(n) _________________ is a belief about the way you should act.
3. A(n) _________________ is a study or piece of research.
4. The _________________ of something is your purpose for doing it.
5. The _________________ of an organization is all the people who work for it.

5
2. ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE
Learning Objectives:
After completing this unit, students are expected to be able to:
1. know the words in the reading passage related to animal and humans intelligence
2. correctly use the words in context
3. correctly answer different types of questions related to the topic in the reading (main
idea, detail, reference, inference, and vocabulary questions)
4. summarize the main idea in each paragraph of the reading passage and then retell or
paraphrase.

1. WARM UP
Discuss these questions with a partner.
1. What can humans do that animals cant?
2. What can some animals do that humans cant?
3. Do you think that there are some animals that are more
intelligent than humans?
4. What is your favorite animal? Why?

2. PRE-READING

A. True or False. Read the sentences below, and

circle T (True) or F (False). Then check your
answers.

Fast Facts: The Bottlenose Dolphins

1. Dolphins are mammals (like cats, horses, and humans), T F
not fish. T F
2. A dolphins brain is bigger than a humans. T F
3. Dolphins communicate with each other using clicking and
whistling sounds. T F
4. As adults, dolphins live by themselves.

B. Skim for main idea. On the next page, look at the title, headings, photos,
and captions. What is the reading mainly about? Circle a, b, or c. The read
the passage to check your answer.
a. types of dolphins b. things dolphins do c. what dolphins eat

6
1 Many people say dolphins are very intelligent. They
seem to be able to think, understand, and learn things
quickly. But are they smart like humans or more like cats
or dogs? Dolphins use their brains differently from people.
5 But scientists say dolphin intelligence and human
intelligence are alike in some ways. How?

FACT 1: Talk to Me
Like humans, every dolphin has its own name. The
name is a special whistle. Each dolphin chooses a
10 specific whistle for itself, usually by its first birthday.
Actually, scientists think dolphins, like people, talk to
each other about a lot of things, such as their age, their
feelings, or finding food. And, like humans, dolphins use a
system of sounds and body language to communicate.
But understanding their conversations is not easy for
15 humans. No one speaks dolphin yet, but some scientists
are trying to learn.

FACT 2: Lets Play

Dolphins are also social animals. They live in groups
called pods, and they often join others from different pods
20 to play games and have funjust like people. In fact,
playing together is something only intelligent animals do.

FACT 3: Fishermens Helpers

Dolphins and humans are similar in another way: both
make plans to get something they want. In the seas of
25 southern Brazil, for example, dolphins use an interesting
strategy to get food. When fish are near a boat, dolphins
signal1 to the fishermen to put their nets in the water.
Using this method, the men can catch a lot of fish. What
is the advantage for the dolphins? Why do they assist
30 the men? The dolphins get to eat some of the fish. They
do that because they have to eat their weight every day.

1
If you signal someone, you make a gesture or sound to tell them something.

7
3. READING COMPREHENSION
A. Multiple Choice. Choose the best answer for each question.
1. What is the main idea of the reading?
a. Dolphins are very intelligent animals.
b. There are many different types of dolphins.
c. Some dolphins are more intelligent that humans.
d. Dolphins are humans favorite animals.

2. Which sentence about dolphin language is TRUE?

a. A dolphin gets its name from its mother.
b. Dolphins use language to talk about many things.
c. Dolphins whistle, but they dont use body language.
d. Dolphin conversation is easy to understand.

3. Why do dolphins sometimes help fishermen?

a. Dolphins are kind animals.
b. So dolphins can get food.
c. The dolphins know the men are hungry.
d. The fishermen ask the dolphins for help.

4. In line 19, what does the word others mean?

a. pods b. fishermen c. dolphins d. games

5. In the sentence The dolphins get to eat some of the fish (line 30), what
does the word get to mean?
a. are able to b. have to c. should d. want to

6. What does the sentence they have to eat their weight mean (line 31)?
a. The dolphins must eat themselves
b. The dolphins must weigh themselves
c. The dolphins must eat to fit their weight.
d. The dolphins must

B. Classification. How are dolphins and humans different? How are they the
same? Write the answers (ah) in the table.

Humans Dolphins a. play games in groups

b. have their own names
c. use spoken words to
communicate
d. plan ways to do something
e. catch fish for food
f. communicate their feelings to
each other
g. choose their own names
h. use sounds and body language to
talk

8
4. VOCABULARY PRACTICE
Did You Know?
A. Completion. Complete the information with the Today, many trees in Sumatra and
words from the box. One word is extra. Borneo are being cut down, and
orangutans are in danger of dying
alike conversation intelligent out completely.
strategy system

The orangutan is known for its red hair and long

arms. But did you know that the orangutan is also
a very 1._____________ animal? For example,
orangutans use a(n) 2.______________ to stay
dry when it rains: they take leaves from the trees
and use them like an umbrella! These animals
dont have a complex language 3._____________
like humans do. But today, some orangutans are
learning basic sign language. Maybe, in the
future, we will be able to have a simple
4.______________ with them.

B. Matching. Read the information below and match Georgia, a chimp,

each word in bold with a definition.
is very intelligent
In some ways, animal and human intelligence are
alike (1). But just how smart (2) are some
animals? Scientists in Japan wanted to study
memory in humans and chimps. They used this
method (3): they showed a group of college
students and five-year-old chimps the numbers 1
to 9 in different places on a computer screen, but
only for a short while. The test was to remember
the specific (4) position of the numbers in the
correct order. Every time, the chimps was faster
than the students. Why? Did someone assist (5)
the chimps? No, but the animals probably had an
important advantage (6): they are young. As both
humans and animals get older, memory gets
worse. The chimps also had another advantage:
humans seem to use more of their brain for
language and less for memory.

1. a way of doing something: __________________

2. help: __________________
3. similar: __________________
4. something that helps you succeed: __________________
5. exact: __________________
6. intelligent: __________________

9
3. THE HOTTEST CHILI IN THE WORLD
Learning Objectives:
After completing this unit, students are expected to be able to:
1. know the words in the reading passage related to food and agriculture
2. correctly use the words in context
3. correctly answer different types of questions in the reading passage (main
idea, detail, reference, inference, and vocabulary questions)
4. summarize the main idea in each paragraph of the reading passage and
then retell or paraphrase.

1. WARM UP
Discuss these questions with a partner.
1. What food is your country famous for?
2. Are there any foods from other countries that are popular in your own
country?
3. What is the hottest (spiciest) food youve ever eaten?

10
2. PRE-READING
A. True of False. What do you know about chili peppers? Read the information above
and answer true (T) or false (F).

1. The Dorset naga is the worlds hottest chili. T F

2. The Scoville is a type of chili peppers. T F
3. Jalapeno peppers are hotter than Scotch bonnets T F
4. Sweet bell peppers have a very low heat level T F
5. The Thai is hotter than the Tabasco. T F

B. Scanning. Quickly scan the passage. What is the name of the worlds spiciest
chili pepper?

1 You may have experienced the feeling your mouth feels

like it is on fire and the heat causes your eyes to water.
Youve just eaten one of the natures spiciest foodsthe
chili peppers!
5 Chili peppers, also called chilies, are found in various
dishes around the worldfrom Indian curries to Thai tom
yum soup to Mexican enchiladas. Chilies come from the
capsicum plant, and they are hot because they contain an
ingredient called capsaicin.
10 Eating a hot chili can be painful, but the capsaicin may be
good for your health. It opens your nose so you can
breathe better. It may even be good for losing weight:
capsaicin makes you feel less hungry and makes your body
use more calories.
15 We can measure the capsaicin in chilies with Scoville heat
units (SHU). A fairly spicy green pepper has about 1,500
units. The worlds hottest chili, the Naga Jolokia (Ghost
Pepper), has more than a million!
The Naga Jolokia is produced in the Assam region of India.
20 Recently, Anandita Dutta Tamuly, a 26-year-old mother
from Assam, broke a world record by eating 51 of these hot
peppersin just two minutes!
I found eating chilies was a great way to stay healthy,
says Tamuly, who began eating chilies when she was a
25 child. Every time I have a cold or flu I just munch on some
chilies and I feel better. To be honest, I barely notice them
now.

11
3. READING COMPREHENSION
A. Multiple Choice. Choose the best answer for each question.
1. What is the reading mainly about?
a. how to measure the capsaicin in chilies.
b. dishes that are made with chilies
c. interesting facts about chilies
d. weight loss and chilies

2. In line 2, what does the word it refer to?

a. the feeling
b. your mouth
c. the chili pepper
d. the heat

3. How many SHU are the Naga Jolokia chili?

a. just over 50
b. between 1,000 and 2,000
c. a little less than 1,000,000
d. over 1,000,000

4. In lines 21-22, someone has a world record if they _______.

a. eat more naga jolokia chilies than anyone else
b. make a recording of someone eating Naga Jolokia chilies
c. eat two or more Naga Jolokia chilies very quickly
d. make the best-tasting dish using Naga Jolokia chilies

5. In lines 26-27, the phrase I barely notice them now could be replaced by
______________.
a. I really feel the heat of the chilies now
b. I sometimes forget to eat chilies now
c. I usually dont eat hot chilies now
d. I almost dont feel the heat of the chilies now

B. True or False. According to the passage, are the

sentences below true or false? Circle true (T),
false (F), or not given in the passage (NG).
1. Capsaicin helps you breathe better. T F NG
2. Capsaicin makes you feel happier. T F NG
3. Capsaicin makes you feel hungrier. T F NG
4. Capsaicin helps you fall asleep at night. T F NG
5. Capsaicin makes chili peppers hot. T F NG

12
4. VOCABULARY PRACTICE
A. Matching. Read the information
below and match each word in bold
with the definition.

Most of us have experienced the taste of

sugar, but how many of us know where it
comes from? The man in the picture is
standing in front of a field of sugarcane,
a plant which produces sugar. It only
grows in hot countries like Brazil because
it needs lots of water and sunlight. After they collect the
plants, workers in factories break the long stalks to get
the sweet juice out. Then they cook the juice in big pots.
This causes the sugar to come out of the juice.
1. to cut into two or more pieces ________________
2. to make something happen ________________
3. to sense, feel, or be affected by (something) ________________
4. to create or make (something) ________________
5. a living thing that is green and grows in the ground ________________

B. Completion. Complete the information using words from the box. One word is extra.

health plant recent measure

produce stay units

Chocolate comes from a 1._________________ called the

cacao tree. The tree grows mainly in Africa and Latin
America. Cacao trees have fruit with beans inside. Workers
pick the fruit and take the beans out to be dried, cooked,
and turned into chocolate.

People from Switzerland eat the most chocolate in the

world. In a 2._________________ year, people in
Switerland ate about 10 kilograms (22 pounds) per person!

In some ways, eating sweet foods like chocolate can be

good for your 3._________________. But eating too many
sweet products can cause problems. Sugar and chocolate
have a lot of food energy. We can 4._________________
this energy in 5._________________ called calories. If you
want to 6._________________ fit, you need to be careful
about how many calories you take in each day.

13
4. TRAVEL AND ADVENTURE
Learning Objectives:
After completing this unit students are expected to be able to:
1. know the words in the reading passage related to travel and adventure
2. correctly use the words in context
3. correctly answer different types of questions on the reading passage (main
idea, purpose, vocabulary, detail, reference, inference, and paraphrase
questions)
4. summarize the main idea in each paragraph of the reading passage and then
retell or paraphrase.

1. WARM UP
Discuss these questions with a partner.
1. When you travel, what kinds of activities do you like to do?
2. What places in the world would you most like to visit? Why?
3. What is the most adventurous thing that youve ever done?

2. PRE-READING
A. Completion. Look at the photos and read about each place. Then complete each
description with a word from the box.

camp cruise hike swim

MOUNTAIN Colombia
Travel along Colombias coffee highway and
________ through beautiful mountain villages
in the Andes.

DESERT Mongolia
Travel through its wide-open desert. Bring a tent
and ________ outdoors under the sky at night.
Its an amazing experience.

FOREST Senegal
Take a riverboat ________ and see this
countrys natural wonders, like mangrove forests
full of animal life.

BEACH Albania
Visit the countrys beautiful coastal towns. Walk
along white-sand beaches, and ________ in
the blue waters of the Ionian Sea.

B. Scanning. You are going to read about friends travel adventure. Quickly scan the
reading to answer the questions below. Then read again to check your answer.
1. Where did they start and end their trip? How did they travel?
2. How many kilometers (or miles) did they travel?

14
 3.

1 Many people dream of going on a great travel

adventure. Most of us keep dreaming; others make it
happen.

Gregg Bleakneys dream was to travel the Americas from

5 top to bottom. He got the idea after he finished a 1,600
kilometer (1,000) bike ride. Greggs friend, Brooks Allen,
was also a cyclist. The two friends talked and slowly
formed a plan: they would travel from Alaska to
Argentinaby bike.

10 To pay for the trip, Gregg and Brooks worked and saved
their money for years. Once they were on the road, they
often camped outdoors or stayed in hostels. In many
places, local people opened their homes to the two
friends and gave them food.

15 During the trip, Gregg and Brooks cycled through the

deserts, rainforests, and mountains. They visited modern
cities and ancient ruins such as Machu Picchu in Peru.
And everywhere they went, they met other cyclists from
all over the world.

20 In May 2007two years, twelve countries, and over

30,500 km (19,000 miles) laterGregg eventually
reached Ushuaia, Argentina, the southernmost city in the
world. (Near Guatemala, Brooks had to return to the U.S.,
and Gregg continued without him.)

25 The trip taught both men a lot about traveling, especially

if you travel abroad. What did they learn? Here is some
of Greggs advice:

1. Travel light. The less baggage you have, the less

3. READING
youll COMPREHENSION
worry about.
Discuss these questions with a partner.
30 2. Be flexible. Dont plan everything. Then youll be
more relaxed and happy, especially if there are
4. VOCABULARY
problems. PRACTICE
Discuss these questions with a partner.
3. Be polite. As one traveler told Gregg, Always
remember that nobody wants to fight, cheat, or
35 rob a nice guy.

Gregg and Brooks (right cycle past

ruins in Tikal National Park, Guatemala.

15
4. READING COMPREHENSION
A. Multiple Choice. Choose the best answer for each question.
1. Another title for this reading could be ______________.
a. Cycling the Americas from Top to Bottom.
b. The Southernmost City in the World.
c. Things to See and Do in Alaska and Argentina.
d. Argentina: The Land of Adventure.

2. Which sentence about Gregg and Brooks trip is NOT true?

a. To pay for the trip, they saved their money and traveled cheaply on
the road.
b. Only Gregg made the complete trip from Alaska to Argentina.
c. During their trip, they met people from all over the world.
d. In Guatemala, Gregg got sick and went back to the USA.

3. What does the word them refer to in line 14?

a. The local people c. other cyclists
b. Gregg and Brooks d. their friends

4. Which of these words or phrases is most similar in meaning to flexible

in line 30?
a. able to change easily c. well-planned
b. careful d. difficult

5. Which statement would Gregg most likely agree with?

a. In other countries, only stay in hotels or with people you know.
b. Plan every part of your trip so you can relax.
c. When abroad, learn how to say thank you in the local language.
d. Bring a lot with you on your trip so you dont have to buy anything.

B. Sequencing. Put the events below in order from 16. Then retell this
story to a partner.
_______ Gregg and Brooks start their trip in Prudhoe Bay, Alaska.
_______ Gregg reaches Ushuaia, Argentina.
_______ Gregg goes on a 1,000-mile bike ride.
_______ Brooks returns to the USA. Gregg continues without him.
_______ Gregg and Brooks work to save money.
_______ Gregg and his friend Brooks talk about biking from Alaska to
Argentina.

16
1. VOCABULARY PRACTICE

17
 5. FAMOUS PLACES
Learning Objectives:
After completing this unit, students are expected to be able to:
1. know the words in the reading passage related to travel destinations
2. correctly use the words in context
3. correctly answer different types of questions in the reading passage (main
idea, detail, reference, inference, and vocabulary questions)
4. summarize the main idea in each paragraph of the reading passage and then
retell or paraphrase.

1. WARM UP
Tonga has great waves, and (a) surfing is
popular here.
Vanuatu has some of the best sea (b)
kayaking in the world.
In New ZealandThe Adventure Capital of
the Worldyou can do everything from (c)
bungee jumping to (d) snorkeling with the
fish.

A. Matching
Look at the map and read the information.
1. Which countries are described? Find and
circle them on the map.
2. Match the words in bold (ad) with the sport
pictures.

18
B. Skim for the Main Idea. Look quickly at the title, headings, photos, and captions.
Which word best describes the activities on Vanuatu? Circle a, b, or c. Then read
the passage to check your answer.
a. expensive b. dangerous c. relaxing

Yasur Volcano, Tanna

1 Vanuatu is an island nation in the South Pacific. It is also Island, Vanuatu
one of the smallest countries in the world. But for those
interested in adventure and sport, there is a lot to do.
Some of the best snorkeling and sea kayaking can be
5 found here. Vanuatus islands also offer visitors two of the
most excitingand dangerousactivities in the world:
volcano surfing and land diving.

Volcano Surfing
On Tanna Island, Mount Yasur rises 300 meters (1,000
10 feet) into the sky. Yasur is an active volcano, and it erupts
almost every day, sometimes several times a day. For
centuries, both island locals and visitors have climbed
this mountain to visit the top. Recently, people have also
started climbing Yasur to surf the volcano. In some ways,
15 volcano surfing is like surfing in the sea, but in other ways
its very different. A volcano surfers goal is to escape the
erupting volcanowithout getting hit by flying rocks. Its
fast, fun, and dangerousthe perfect extreme sport.

Land Diving
20 Most people are familiar with bungee jumping, but did
you know bungee jumping started on Pantecost Island in A man jumps from a
Vanuatu and is almost fifteen centuries old? The original tower on Pantecost Island
activity, called land diving, is part of a religious
1 ceremony. A man ties tree vines to his legs. He then
25 jumps head first from a high tower. The goal: to touch
the earth with the top of his headwithout breaking the
vine and hitting the ground hard. Every spring, island
natives (men only) still perform this amazing test of
strength.

19
30
 Tanna women paint their
faces and dress in
2. READING COMPREHENSION
special clothes for a
A. Multiple choice. Choose the best answer for each question.
ceremony.
1. What is the purpose of this reading?
a. to encourage people not to do dangerous sport
b. to explain what volcano surfing and land diving are
c. to talk about the worlds best volcano surfer and land diver
d. to compare activities in Vanuatu with sport in New Zealand

2. Which sentence about Mount Yasur is TRUE?

a. It is no longer active
b. It gets a lot of snow
c. People have been climbing it for a long time
d. Its on Pentecost Island

3. Land diving _______________________.

a. was first called bungee jumping
b. came to Vanuatu from another country
c. is less popular today than in the past
d. is a traditional activity in Vanuatu

4. In line 2, what does those refer to?

a. people c. activities
b. countries d. island

5. In line 26, what does the earth mean?

a. the people c. the tower
b. the ground d. the world

B. Classification. Match each answer (ag) with the activity

Volcano Surfing Land Diving
it describes.
a. is only done by men
b. is a new sport
c. is dangerous because of flying
rocks
d. is a very old activity
e. was first done on Pentecost
Island
f. is similar to a popular water
sport
g. is a very fast activity

20
3. VOCABULARY PRACTICE
A. Completion. Complete the information with the correct form of words from the box.
One word is extra.
century extreme goal native strength
escape familiar hit religious tie
The Festival of san Fermin
Where: the city of Pamplona in northern Spain
When: early July, for nine days
What happens: Every day, there are special events:
music, dances, and 1._____________ ceremonies. But,
the part of the festival that most people are
2.____________ with is the running of the bulls.
Every morning, a group of bulls runs down a city street.
Hundreds of people run in front of the animals. Runners
wear white; they also 3.___________ a red scarf
around their bodies. They run lasts three minutes. A
runners 4.___________ is to 5.____________ from
the bulls without falling or getting 6.___________ by
them. Running with the bulls started in Spain in the
13th 7.___________, and is still very popular today,
Pamplona 8.___________ and visitors from all over the
world join in. The run is very dangerous. So why do
people do it? For some runners, it is a test of
9.___________. For others, the run makes them feel
alive.

B. Definitions. Use the words in the box in A to complete the definitions.

1. A(n) _________________ is 100 years.
2. If you _________________ from something, you run away from it.
3. A(n) _________________ is an aim or something you are trying to do.
4. A(n) _________________ of somewhere is from that place.
5. If you touch someone of something very hard, you _________________ them.
6. If you are _________________ with something, you know or understand it well.
7. If you _________________ two things together, you bring them together, you bring
them together with a knot.

21
 6. CITY LIFE
Learning Objectives:
After completing this unit, students are expected to be able to:
1. know the words in the reading passage related to urban life
2. correctly use the words in context
3. correctly answer different types of questions in the reading passage (main
idea, detail, reference, inference, and vocabulary questions)
4. summarize the main idea in each paragraph of the reading passage and then
retell or paraphrase.

1. WARM UP
Discuss these questions with a partner.
1. Why do people live in cities?
2. What are some of the worlds most important cities?
3. In your opinion, which is the best city in your country to live in? which
is the worst city to live in? Why?

In 2015, there will be 21

cities that with a
population of ten million
or more.

In 1950, only one city in the world had more than ten million people New York.
By the year 2030, 60 percent of the worlds population will live in cities.
Many residents of large urban areas will face problems with housing, pollution (for
example, of the air and water), and crime.

22
2. PRE-READING
A. Discussion. Study the map and the information. Then answer the questions below.
1. What was the first city to have a population of more than ten million?
2. In 2015, how many cities will have ten million people or more?
3. Where will most of these cities be? What will be three of the largest cities?
4. What issues will people in these large cities face?

B. Predict. What can we do about the problems of city life? List two ideas. Then
read the passage. Are any of your ideas mentioned?

1 Worldwide, cities
gain a million
people a week. This
kind of growth
5 brings problems,
and today many of
the worlds largest
cities face similar
challenges:
high housing costs, pollution, and crime (to name a few). Sao Paulo, Brazil.
10 What are some urban planners doing to fix these problems Worldwide, cities grow by a million
and improve peoples lives? people a week.

Hyderabad, India (Population: More Than 5 Million)

To improve residents lives, Hyderabad is planting trees and
parks. The city is even creating greener buildings that use
15 less water and less electricity for power. Adding green to a
city has a number of advantages. For example, trees remove
pollution from the air and make it cleaner. In Hyderabad,
streets were gray and ugly a few years ago. Today, they are
filled with trees and flowers, making the city cleaner and more
20 colorful. Green areas also give people places to relax or
exercise and walk. A study in the US showed something else
interesting: the greener a neighborhood is, the less crime
there is against people and propertyespecially buildings
and cars.

25 Sao Paulo, Brazil (Population: More Than 18 Million)

Many people work in the center of Sao Paulo, but they dont
live there. Theyve spread out to neighborhoods outside the
city, where housing is cheaper. Every day, these people travel
into the city, and traffic is very heavy. Urban planners are
30 using different strategies to address this issue. First, they are
building better subways. Another goal is to make it cheaper
for people to live in the downtown area. Doing this will shorten
the distance people travel for work and reduce traffic and
pollution in the city.

23
 3. READING COMPREHENSION
A. Multiple Choice. Choose the best answer for each question.
1. What is the main purpose of this passage?
a. to show how two cities are improving peoples lives
b. to describe the benefits of smaller cities
c. to explain why more people are moving into cities
d. to describe the life an urban planner

2. Which reason for making a city greener is NOT stated in the passage?
a. It makes a city cleaner
b. It helps people work better
c. It lowers crime rates
d. It makes it easier to exercise

3. In line 14, what does the word greener mean?

a. more brightly colored
b. better for the environment
c. taller
d. more full of trees

4. According to the passage, what problem does Sao Paulo have?

a. a lot of people dont have jobs.
b. too many people live in the city center
c. a lot of people are moving out of the city.
d. too many people drive into the city every day.

5. In line 27, what does the word there refer to?

a. Brazil c. In a city
b. Outside Sao Paulo d. Central Sao Paulo

B. Classification. Match each answer (af) with the place it describes.

Hyderabad Sao Paulo a. is finding ways for people

to live near their
workplace
b. is adding trees and parks
to the city
c. has less than ten million
residents
d. is trying to reduce
pollution
e. is making buildings that
use less energy
f. is improving public
transportation

24
4. VOCABULARY PRACTICE
A. Completion. Complete the information with the correct form from the box.
One word is extra.

challenge colorful exercise

growth property traffic

Golden Gate Park, in San Francisco, California, is one

of the largest urban parks in the United States. Today,
over one million 1._____________ flowers, trees, and
other plants 2._____________ in the park. But originally,
most of the park was covered in sand. Creating a park in
this environment was a big 3. ____________, but after a
lot of work, the park was established in the 1870s.
Today, Golden Gate park is home to the oldest public
Japanese garden in the USA, as well as a number of art
and science museums. People also visit the park to
relax or 4. ____________. There are places to play
basketball, soccer, golf, and many other sports. The
park is also closed in many places to
5.______________ so people can walk, cycle, or skate
freely.

B. Words in Context. Complete each sentence with the

best answer.
1. If you fix something, you ______________.
a. make it work again b. break it

2. If something is ugly, it ____________ nice to look at.

a. is b. is not

3. If a city experiences growth, its population____________.

a. goes up b. goes down

4. Without electricity, the _____________ in your house will not work.

a. lights b. water

5. If your remove a table from, you ____________ the room.

a. bring in to b. take it out of

25
 7. PREHISTORIC TIMELINE
Learning Objectives:
After completing this unit, students are expected to be able to:
1. know the words in the reading passage related to geology
2. correctly use the words in context
3. correctly answer different types of questions in the reading passage (main
idea, detail, reference, inference, and vocabulary questions)
4. summarize the main idea in each paragraph of the reading passage and then
retell or paraphrase.

1. WARM UP
Discuss these questions with a partner.
1. What do you know about dinosaurs?
2. Have you ever seen a movie about dinosaurs? Describe it?
3. Why do you think people are interested in dinosaurs?

2. PRE-READING

26
A. Discussion. Read the timeline, paying attention to the timeline words. Then answer the
questions below.
1. What kind of animals were dinosaurs?
2. When did dinosaurs die out completely?
3. What is a paleontologist?
4. What does a predator eat?

B. Predict. Read the four questions in the paragraph headings on the reading and answer Yes
or No. Then read the passage to check your answers.

1 You learned about dinosaurs in school. Maybe you have seen

them in a museum. But how much do you really know about
these animals?

Were dinosaurs just big reptiles?

10 For years, scientists thought dinosaurs were big, dumb, and
cold-bloodedin other words, just giant reptiles. Some
dinosaurs were huge. But many were about the size of modern-
day bird or dogs. Were dinosaurs warm- or cold-blooded?
Paleontologists are not sure. But they believe some were
15 intelligent. Of course, no dinosaurs was as smart as a human or
even a monkey. However, some smaller dinosaurslike the
two-meter (six-foot) Troodonhad fairly large brains.

Was Tyrannosaurus Rex a powerful predator?

Some scientists think the opposite is true. In the movies, T.rex
20 is often a speedy giant, but in fact, this dinosaur could not run
very fast. Physically, it was too large. In reality, T.rex probably
moved as fast as an elephant. Also, T.rex had very small arms.
Without strong legs or arms, this dinosaur probably was not a
powerful hunter. It may have been scavenger instead, only
25 eating animals that were already dead.

Did an asteroid kill the dinosaurs?

An asteroid hit Mexicos Yucatan Peninsula about 65 million
years ago. It created a 180-kilometer (110-mile) wide crater
called Chicxulub. Many believe this asteroid caused the
30 extinction of the dinosaurs. But even before this, dinosaurs
were already dying out around the world, for many reasons. At
the end of the Cretaceous period, for example, the global
climate was changing: the Earths temperature was getting
colder.

35 Are all dinosaurs now extinct?

Dinosaurs completely disappeared about 65 million years ago.
However, scientists believe modern-day birds are descendants A crater caused by an asteroid hitting
of certain dinosaurs. If this is true, then dinosaurs relatives are the Earth in Australia.
still walkingand flyingamong us.

27
3. READING COMPREHENSION
A. Multiple Choice. Choose the best answer for each question.
1. Another title for this reading could be_________
a. what really killed the dinosaurs?
b. the truth about dinosaurs
c. dinosaurs discovered in Mexico
d. our favorite

2. Which statement about the Troodon is probably true?

a. It was smarter than a monkey
b. It was warm-blooded
c. It was a huge animal
d. It was quite intelligent

3. Some paleontologists think that T.rex was a scavenger (line 25). What does
this mean?
a. It had small arms.
b. It was a powerful killer.
c. It was similar to an elephant.
d. It ate animals that were already dead.

4. What is Chicxulub (line 29)?

a. a huge hole caused by an asteroid
b. a type of dinosaurs found in Maxico
c. a time in dinosaurs history
d. an animal T. rex ate

5. At the end of the Cretaceous period ________

a. some dinosaurs started to fly
b. humans appeared on Earth
c. the Earths temperature was changing
d. dinosaurs numbers were increasing in Mexico

B. True or False. Read the sentences below and circle T (true), F (false), or NG
(not given in the passage).

1. Some dinosaurs were small. T F NG

2. All dinosaurs had small brains T F NG
3. Paleontologists agree that dinosaurs were cold-blooded T F NG
4. T.rex was a fast runner T F NG
5. A young T.rex probably had feathers like a bird T F NG
6. Some scientists believe that modern-day birds are related T F NG
to dinosaurs

28
4. VOCABULARY PRACTICE
A. Matching. Read the information and match each word in bold with its definition.

T. rex and other giant land dinosaurs went extinct

about 65 million years ago. Today, you only see
these animals in a museum. But what about the
huge animals that lived in the seas million of year
s ago? Are they still alive-living in the worlds lakes
and oceans?

For centuries, stories about sea monsters have

existed in many countries. One of the most famous
is Scotlands Loch Ness Monster (often called
Nessie). In reality, these legendary animal are
similar to actual reptiles that lived in the worlds
seas 65-250 million years ago. For example,
Nessie is physically similar to a type of An ancient sea reptile fossil
plesiosaura sea reptile with a very long neck. But in Beijing, China.
is Nessie really an ancient sea monster, still alive
in a lake in Scotland? Probably not. Plesiosaurs
(like the dinosaurs) died out completely about 65
million years ago.

1. actually, in fact___________
2. huge, very large___________
3. totally____________
4. related to the body___________
5. a building where historical items are kept for people to see ___________

B. Completion. Complete the information using words from the box.

One word is extra.

climate hunter opposite relative speedy

The ancient sea monster Dakosaurus (nicknamed Godzilla) is a (n)

1.________________ of modern-day crocodiles. This South
American sea reptile was a(n) 2._______________ swimmer and a
powerful 3.________________.

Sea reptiles like Dakosaurus were top predator. And some, like
Tylosaurus, even attacked sharks. But in the end, sharks were the
real survivors. Today, they are still alive, but changes in the Earths
4.______________ caused the larger sea reptiles to become extinct.

29
 Unit 8
A Penguins Year

30
31
32
33
34
 Unit 9
Life Beyond Earth

35
36
37
38
39
 Unit 10
The Silk Story

40
41
42
43
44
 Unit 11
History &
Legends

45
46
47
48
49
 Unit 12
Mystery on
Everest

50
51
52
53
54
 Unit 13
The Lost
Treasure

55
56
57
58
59
 BONUS
GRAMMAR FOCUS
Subject vs Verb Agreement (Simple Present Tense)
2. SUBJECT
Apa itu subjek? Subjek (subject) adalah nomina (noun) yang muncul
sebelum kata kerja (verba) dalam kalimat aktif. Subjek dapat berbentuk nomina,
frasa nomina, atau klausa nomina. Subjek bisa berjumlah singular (satu atau
tunggal), bisa berjumlah plural (lebih dari satu atau jamak), juga bisa berjumlah tak
terhitung atau uncountable. Untuk subjek yang tak bisa dihitung seperti air, api,
udara, dan sebagainya, selalu dianggap sebagai satu kesatuan. Jumlah subjek
sangat menentukan bentuk verba (tense) apa yang harus digunakan dalam kalimat,
apakah verba singular atau verba plural.

SUBJEK (NOMINA)
Singular Plural Tak terhitung
(TANPA -s/ -es) (DENGAN -s /-es)
student students water
watch watches air
child children fire
leaf leaves money

Menurut aturannya, subjek singular dan subjek yang tak bisa dihitung harus
dipasangkan dengan verba singular. Sedangkan subjek plural harus dipasangkan
dengan verba plural (S-SING+V-SING: S-PLU+V-PLU).

Contoh:
a. The students is happy. (SALAH)
S-Plu V-Sing
b. The student is happy. (BENAR)
S-Sing V-Sing

a. The child study. (SALAH)

S-Sing V-Plu
b. The children study. (BENAR)
S-Plu V-Plu

3. VERBA
Apa itu verba? Verba adalah kata yang menyatakan kegiatan yang dilakukan
oleh subjek. Verba ada yang berbentuk singular dan ada yang plural.

60
VERBA
Singular Plural
Tak terhitung Subjek: I
(-s / -es) (TANPA s /es
is are is am
falls fall falls fall
goes go goes go
studies study studies study

Verba singular harus dipasangkan dengan subjek singular atau subjek tak terhitung.
Sedangkan verba plural harus dipasangkan dengan subjek plural (S-SING + V-
SING; S-PLU + V-PLU)..
Contoh:
a. The book are red. (SALAH)
S-Sing V-Plu
b. The book is red. (BENAR)
S-Sing V-Sing

a. The teachers teaches. (SALAH)

S-Plu V-Sing
b. The teachers teach. (BENAR)
S-Plu V-Plu

Dalam Bahasa Inggris, kecocokan antara subject dan verba sangat penting.
Ketidakcocokan antara keduanya membuat kalimat menjadi salah secara
gramatikal.

Exercise. Decide whether the subject and the verb in the following
sentences agree. Then make correction where necessary.
1.They are studying English now.
2.He is clever.
3.They studies Biology on Mondays.
4.The students is sitting on the chairs.
5.The teacher explains the lesson very well.
6.Antelope and warthog is different animals.
7.The classroom is nice.
8.Water are so abundant in my city.
9.The forest and savana are home to wild animals.
10. The first year students of Mataram University study the same
subjects.
11. The teacher and students goes to the museum to learn.
12. When you leaves school, you must apply what you have learned.

61