Aashto LRFD Railway Flyover

DESIGN OF BEARING (Steel Reinforced Blastomeric Bearing)
2:P1
1.1) movement 40 40 40
E E E E E E
A1 P1L P1R P2L P2R A2
P1 P2
Bearing is Steel Reinforced Blastomeric type .

It is designed to allow the decided deformations due to Temperature , Load, the time-dependent
and seismic effect by the AASHTO LRFD 2004 and 22 TCN272-05.
The following factors is considered in horizontal movement

Lt: Temperature change (27 degree)
Ls: Shrinkage (20*10-5)
Lc: Creep (fai=1.7)
Lr: Rotation of girder due to live load
Le: Seismic effect
summary of horizontal movement that considered processing of construction
P1L
Item
S2
Lt(mm) 5.5
Ls(mm) 1.7
Lc(mm) 2.6
Lr(mm) 1.8
1.2) REACTION
1.3) Typical Bridge Bearing Schedule
2 Design of bearing
1- Reaction
Vertical force Unit : KN / 1 Bearing
Item P1L
Dead Load 1000
Live Load (Max) 580
Live Load (Min) -158
Temperature + 18
Temperature - -68
Total (Max) 1589
Total (Min) 807
Note : Dead load includes the all of permanent load such as effects of prestressing force
effect of creep and shrinkage of concrete , etc .
Horizontal force Unit : KEN / 1 Bearing
Item KN coefficient lane total axis bearing
CE 0
BR 8 0.25 4 325 42
EQ 170 0.17 Rd= 1000 1
CE;Centrifugal force = 4*v /(3g*R) =4*30m/s^2/(3*9.8*R)
2
BR;braking force = 25% of truck or tamed road

EQ;earthquack =0.17 Rd
2 - total of Displacement Unit : mm

Item (mm) factored service limit
Elastic Shortening 0.0 1.0 0
Temperature changing .c 5.5 1.2 6.6
Shrinkage of Concrete 1.7 1.2 2.0
Creep of Concrete 2.6 1.2 3.1
Rotation due to live load 1.80 1.0 1.8
Total Dl total 13.6
3 - Check of bearing
Bearings are designed in accordance with STEEL REINFORCED ELECTROMETRIC

BEARING METHOD-B
3-1 Shape of bearing TCN-14.7.5)
L Length of the bearing in the longitudinal bridge axis(mm)
W Width of the bearing in the transverse direction(mm)
hri Thickness of I th elastomeric layer in elastomeric bearing(mm)
n Number of alternate layer
total thick ness
note; External layers shall be no more than 70% of the thickness of internal layers
3-2 Shape factor of a layer Si(TCN-14.7.5.1)
(if 0.5 <= W/L <= 2) W/L= 1.285714 1
LW
Si= (14.7.5.1-1)
2hri(L+W)
= 6.15234375
Material properties Item Spec. unit
Hardness(Shore A) 60 -
Shear elasticity modulus G(Mpa) 1 -
Compressive Stress Ss(Mpa) 10.2 1.66GS <11.0
Compressive Stress SL(Mpa) 4.1 0.66GS
Minimum Compressive Stress 1.5 Mpa Reference
3-3 Check for the Compressive stress

sbmax = Rmax / (L x W) < 10.212891 Mpa
sbmin = Rmin / (Lx W) > 1.5 Mpa
Rmax = Total (Max) 1589 KN
Rmin = Total (Min) 807 KN
Rlmax 394 Kn
sb max=Rmax / (L x W) 10.1 Mpa < 10.2
sb min=Rmin / (Lx W) 5.1 Mpa > 1.5
Sl max=R Lmax/(LxW) 2.5 Mpa 0.66GS < 4.1
3-4 Check for Rotation (TCN-14.7.5.3.5)

Rectangular bearing is taken to satisfy uplift requirements if they satisfy
Ss1>1.0GS{s/n}*{B/hri}^2
Rectangular bearing subjected to shear deformation shall also satisfy
Ss2<1.875GS{1-0.20{s/n}*{B/hri}^2}
where
n= number of interior layers of elastomer
hri= height of the I th elastomer layer(mm)
Ss=stress in elastomer(Mpa)
B=length of pad if rotation is about its transverse axis or width of pad
if rotation is about its longitudinal axis(mm)
s= maximum service rotation due(RAD)
Calculation of Ss1 , Ss2
n 4
hri 16
B 350 1/300=0.0033 rad
s 0.0033 1/600=0.0016 rad
G 1
S 6.152
Ss1 2.4 < 5.1 OK
Ss2 10.6 > 10.1 OK
3-5 Required thickness of rubber(Shear Deformation) (TCN-14.7.5.3.4)
The maximum shear deformation of the bearing, at the service limit state,s
Shall be taken as o modified to account for the substructure stiffness and
construction procedures.
s = 13.6 mm
hrt >= s/0.7 ( note) (0.7=japanese standard)
where hrt ; total elastomer thickness(mm)
s ; maximum shear deformation of elastomer at the service limit state(mm)
n hri(mm) hrt(mm) s(mm)/0.7 Judge
4 16 64.0 > 19.4 OK
note;in the (TCN-14.7.5.3.4) the cofficient factor 0.7 is used 0.5(2.) .
And then it need the experiment to improve this factor by the contractor.
3-6 Stability of elastomeric Bearings (backling (TCN-14.7.5.3.6)
Bearing shall be investigated for instability at service limit state load combination.
G
Sbmax < AASHTO14.7.5.3.6-5
A-B
where
1.92*hrt/L
A= AASHTO14.7.5.3.6-2
S(1+2.0L/W)
2.67
B= AASHTO14.7.5.3.6-3
S(S+2.0)*{1+L/(4W)}
where
G= shear modulus if the elastomer(Mpa) 1
L= length of a rectangular elastomeric bearing(mm) 350
W= width of the bearing in the transverse directionj(mm) 450
hrt=total elastomer thickness(mm) 64
S= shape factor of the thickest layer 6.152
A 0.03570
B 0.04457
W,L>=4*hrt (japanese specification for the buckling) OK
the service average compressive stress due to the total load, Sb,shall satisfy
the bridge deck is fixed against horizontal translation, so
G
A-B
10.1 < -112.7 OK
If the value A-B<0,the bearing is stable and is not depend on Smax.
3-7 Reinforcement (TCN-14.7.5.3.7)

the thickness of the steel reinforcement,hs,shall satisfy;
3hmax Ss
at the service limit hs> >1.6mm
Fy
2.0hmax SL
at the fatigue lim hs> >1.6mm
FTH =
where;
FTH = constant amplitude fatigue threshold for category A (Mpa)
h max= thickness of thickest elastomeric layer in elastomeric bearing(mm
SL= service average compressive stress due to LIVE load(Mpa)
Ss= service average compressive stress due to total load(Mpa)
Fy= yield strength of steel reinforcement(Mpa) M270M GRADE 250
AT the service limit hs= 1.94 > 1.6
AT the fatigue limit hs= 0.49 > 1.6
Arrange the plate thickness hs= 2.0 > 1.94
3-8 SLIDING (TCN-14.7.6.4)

The factored shear force sustained by the deformed pad at the strength limit state exceeds
of the minimum vertical force,Psd .due to permanent loads,
one-fifth pad shall be secured against horizontal movement
However maker guarantee 0.3 of friction coefficient between bearing and concrete
then in this design, next number is used. 0.3 ( exampl.OVM,FI)
Fshear=(G*A*)/(n*t)
State (mm) F shear(KN) Braking(KN EQ(KN) F+B+EQ 0.3* Psd(KN)
Service 14 33 8 - 41
Strength 14 33 14 - 47 300
Extreme 2 4 4 170 178
service-> 41 < OK (DO NOT MOVE)
strength-> 47 < 300 OK (DO NOT MOVE)
extreme-> 178 < OK ( DO NOT MOVE)
Total horizontal movement (Ftotal shear *n*t/(GA))
State horizontal movement Ratio of thickness(%) Reference
Service 17 mm 26 <70%
Strength 19 mm 30 <200%
Extreme 72 mm 113 <200%
0.3Psd 122 mm 190 <200%
Bridgeneme or ref
Number of bearing required
Upper surface
Seating material
Lower surface
Allowable average Serviceability
Upper surface
Contact pressure Strength
(Mpa) Serviceability
Lower surface
Strength
max.
Service limit state Vertical per.
Design load min
effects) Transverse
Strength limit state Longitudinal
Vertical
Service Transverse
irreversible
limit Longitudinal
state Transverse
reversible
Longitudinal
Translation
Strength Transverse
irreversible
limit Longitudinal
state Transverse
reversible
Longitudinal
Service Transverse
irreversible
limit Longitudinal
Rotation(RAD)
state Transverse
reversible
Longitudinal
Maximum Transverse
Upper surface
Bearing Longitudinal
dimensions Transverse
Lower surface
(mm) Longitudinal
Overall height
Tolerable movement of bearing Vertical
under transient loads (mm) Transverse
Longitudinal
Allowable resistance to translation Transverse
under service limit state(N) Longitudinal
Allowable resistance to rotation Transverse
under service limit state (N/mm) Longitudinal
Type of attachment to structure and Transverse
substructure Longitudinal
f prestressing force
H, Force
8
170
L or W
ECTROMETRIC 5.0 5.0
2.5
350 450
pt
450 hri
H
16 pt hri
4
79 2.5
n 4
hri(mm) 16
pt(mm) 2.0
H(mm) 79
Compressive elasticity modulus E(Mpa) KV(KN/m)=(EA)/(n*hri)
E=(3+6.58*S^2)*G=252 620308 KN/m
Shear elasticity modulus (Mpa) Kh(KN/m)=(GA)/(n*hri)
G= 1.0 2461 KN/m
OK
OK
OK
or width of pad
service limit state(mm)
ombination.
depend on Smax.
165
16
2.5
10.1
250
-
-
OK
gth limit state exceeds
and concrete
Psd(KN)
1000
1:P1R
1.1) movement
40 40 40
E E E E E E
Bearing is Steel Reinforced Blastomeric typeP1. P2

Lc: Creep (fai=1.7)
Le: Seismic effect
P1R
Item
S3
Lt(mm) 5.3
Ls(mm) 3.1
Lc(mm) 4.8
Lr(mm) 1.8
1.2) REACTION
2 Design of bearing
1- Reaction
Item P1R
Dead Load 726
Live Load (Max) 487
Live Load (Min) -188
Temperature + 39
Temperature - -11
Total (Max) 1233
Total (Min) 533
CE 0
BR 8 0.25 4 325 42
EQ 123 0.17 Rd= 726 1
2


Total Dl total 17.6

BEARING METHOD-B
total thick ness
(if 0.5 <= W/L <= 2) W/L= 1.285714 1
LW
Si= (14.7.5.1-1)
2hri(L+W)
= 6.15234375

Rlmax 394 Kn

Ss2<1.875GS{1-0.20{s/n}*{B/hri}^2}
where
n 4
hri 16
B 350 1/300=0.0033 rad
s 0.0033 1/600=0.0016 rad
G 1
S 6.152
Ss1 2.4 < 3.4 OK
Ss2 10.6 > 7.8 OK
s = 17.6 mm
4 16 64.0 > 25.2 OK
G
A-B
where
1.92*hrt/L
A= AASHTO14.7.5.3.6-2
S(1+2.0L/W)
2.67
B= AASHTO14.7.5.3.6-3
S(S+2.0)*{1+L/(4W)}
where
A 0.03570
B 0.04457
G
A-B
7.8 < -112.7 OK

3hmax Ss
Fy
2.0hmax SL
FTH =
where;
3-8 SLIDING (TCN-14.7.6.4)

Fshear=(G*A*)/(n*t)
Service 18 43 8 - 51
Strength 18 43 14 - 57 218
Extreme 2 4 4 123 132
Extreme 54 mm 84 <200%
0.3Psd 89 mm 138 <200%
Bridgeneme or ref
Upper surface
Seating material
Lower surface
Upper surface
Lower surface
Strength
max.
Design load min
effects) Transverse
Vertical
Service Transverse
irreversible
limit Longitudinal
state Transverse
reversible
Longitudinal
Translation
Strength Transverse
irreversible
limit Longitudinal
state Transverse
reversible
Longitudinal
Service Transverse
irreversible
limit Longitudinal
Rotation(RAD)
state Transverse
reversible
Longitudinal
Maximum Transverse
Upper surface
Lower surface
(mm) Longitudinal
Overall height
Longitudinal
H, Force
8
123
L or W
ECTROMETRIC 5.0 5.0
2.5
350 450
pt
450 hri
H
16 pt hri
4
79 2.5
n 4
hri(mm) 16
pt(mm) 2.0
H(mm) 79
E=(3+6.58*S^2)*G=252 620308 KN/m
G= 1.0 2461 KN/m
OK
OK
OK
or width of pad
ombination.
depend on Smax.
165
16
2.5
7.8
250
-
-
OK
and concrete
Psd(KN)
726
include blacking force

1:A1
1.1) movement
40 40 40
E E E E E E
P1 P2

Lc: Creep (fai=1.7)
Le: Seismic effect
A1
Item
S1
Lt(mm) 16.1
Ls(mm) 7.9
Lc(mm) 12.2
Lr(mm) 3.5
1.2) REACTION
2 Design of bearing
1- Reaction
Item A1
Dead Load 833
Live Load (Max) 394
Live Load (Min) -67
Temperature + 29
Temperature - -8
Total (Max) 1241
Total (Min) 762
CE 0
BR 8 0.25 4 325 42
EQ 142 0.17 Rd= 833 1
2


Total Dl total 46.9

BEARING METHOD-B
total thick ness
(if 0.5 <= W/L <= 2) W/L= 1.285714 1
LW
Si= (14.7.5.1-1)
2hri(L+W)
= 4.921875

Rlmax 394 Kn

Ss2<1.875GS{1-0.20{s/n}*{B/hri}^2}
where
n 4
hri 20
B 350 1/300=0.0033 rad
s 0.0033 1/600=0.0016 rad
G 1
S 4.922
Ss1 1.2 < 4.8 OK
Ss2 8.8 > 7.9 OK
s = 46.9 mm
4 20 80.0 > 67.1 OK
G
A-B
where
1.92*hrt/L
A= AASHTO14.7.5.3.6-2
S(1+2.0L/W)
2.67
B= AASHTO14.7.5.3.6-3
S(S+2.0)*{1+L/(4W)}
where
A 0.05578
B 0.06561
G
A-B
7.9 < -101.7 OK

3hmax Ss
Fy
2.0hmax SL
FTH =
where;
3-8 SLIDING (TCN-14.7.6.4)

Fshear=(G*A*)/(n*t)
Service 47 92 8 - 100
250
Strength 47 92 14 - 106 250
Extreme 4 7 4 142 152
Extreme 77 mm 97 <200%
0.3Psd 127 mm 159 <200%
Bridgeneme or ref
Upper surface
Seating material
Lower surface
Upper surface
Lower surface
Strength
max.
Design load min
effects) Transverse
Vertical
Service Transverse
irreversible
limit Longitudinal
state Transverse
reversible
Longitudinal
Translation
Strength Transverse
irreversible
limit Longitudinal
state Transverse
reversible
Longitudinal
Service Transverse
irreversible
limit Longitudinal
Rotation(RAD)
state Transverse
reversible
Longitudinal
Maximum Transverse
Upper surface
Lower surface
(mm) Longitudinal
Overall height
Longitudinal
H, Force
8
142
L or W
ECTROMETRIC 5.0 5.0
2.5
350 450
pt
450 hri
H
20 pt hri
4
95 2.5
n 4
hri(mm) 20
pt(mm) 2.0
H(mm) 95

E=(3+6.58*S^2)*G=162 319724 KN/m
G= 1.0 1969 KN/m
OK
OK
OK
or width of pad
ombination.
depend on Smax.
165
20
2.5
7.9
250
-
-
OK
and concrete
Psd(KN)
833
833
1:General
40 40 40
E E E E E E
P1 P2
Lc: Creep
Le: Seismic effect
1.2: horizontal movement
1) Temperature change
Lt= t (degree)*10-5*L(mm)
were t= temperature change =27 degree ( shows the below)
L2=Girder length from the center of bridge to each bearing point.
Climate norms of temperature from Hanoi and Thai Nguyen based on the Viet nam
climate is as follows.
Climate Norms for Hanoi and Thai Nguyen
Source: Viet Nam Climate,

( by Mr. Pham Ngoc Tan & Mr. Pham Tat Dace, Technical and Science Publisher
1993)
According to this source, the maximum temperature is 42.8 degree and
the minimum temperature
is 3.0 degree. This value is almost the same degree in TCN - 272-05 3.12.2.1.
Temperature change for the structural analysis is choose as follows in this design.
Tchange=T max mean month - T min mean month=28.8-16.1=12.7=> 13.0degree
And for the bearing end expansion joint,.
total temperature change is considered as follows for the safety side.
T change=T max max month-T min mean month =42.8-16.1=26.7=27.0 degree
2)Shrinkage
Ls= Ls1+Ls2
Ls= Total elongation by shrinkage from the beginning of election
to the end of shrinkage
Ls1=Elongation during simple beam
- Ls1=K1*20*10-5*L1/2
K1=Ratio of shrinkage during election as simple beam. assuming 0.2)
L1= girder length as a simple beam
-Ls2=K2*20*10-5*L2
K2=Ratio of shrinkage from beginning of connection
to the end of shrinkageas a continuous girder. ( assuming 0.6)
L2= Girder length from the center of bridge to each bearing point.
where k= Reduction coefficient of the construction procedure= 0.2+0.6=0.8
esh:shrinkage of concrete=20*10-5
3) creep
Lc= Lc1+Lc2
Lc= Total elongation by creep .
Lc1=Elongation during simple beam
- Lc1=K1*fc/Ec*fai*L1(mm)
K1=Ratio of creep during election as simple beam. (assuming 0.2)
L1= girder length as a simple beam
-Lc2=K2*fc/Ec*fai*L2(mm)
K2=Ratio of creep from beginning of connection to the end of creep.
as a continuous girder. ( assuming 0.6)
L2= Girder length from the center of bridge to each bearing point.
where k= Reduction coefficient of the construction procedure= 0.2+0.6=0.8
fai: creep coefficient =1.7
fc=average compressive stress of concrete after prestressing=6Mpa(assuming)
Ec=young's modulus of concrete= 33000 Mpa
4) Rotation of girder due to live load
Lr=h*Rad
h:the distance from neutral, axis to bottom of girder =H/2m
Rad:Rotation at the support due to live load(radian)=1/300 or 1/600m
edge of support Rad=1/300
middle of supporRad=1/600
6) summary of horizontal movement (mm)
A1 P1
Item
s1 s2(P1L) s3(P1R)
L1 (m) 39 39 39
L2 (m) 59.5 20.5 19.5
Template Change
Degree 27 27 27
TL 16.1 5.5 5.3
Shrinkage of Concrete Ls
b1 0.2 0.2 0.2
b2 0.6 0.6 0.6
Ls1(mm) 0.8 -0.8 0.8
Ls2(mm) 7.1 2.5 2.3
Total Ls 7.9 1.7 3.1
Creep of Concrete Loc
b1 0.2 0.2 0.2
b2 0.6 0.6 0.6
Lc1(mm) 1.2 -1.2 1.2
Lc2(mm) 11.0 3.8 3.6
Total Lc 12 3 5
Rotation of Girder Or
red 300 600 600
Ha(mm) 2100 2100 2100
Total Lr 3.5 1.8 1.8
(a) Horizontal movement for the bearing (non factored)

A1 P1
Item
s1(A1) s2(P1L) s3(P1R)
Lt(mm) 16.1 5.5 5.3
Ls(mm) 7.9 1.7 3.1
Lc(mm) 12.2 2.6 4.8
Lr(mm) 3.5 1.8 1.8
(b) Horizontal movement for the Expansion joint .

A1 Load factored movement
Item
s1(A1) factore Extend shortening
Lt(mm) 16.1 1.2 19.3 -19.3
Ls(mm) Ls2 7.1 1.2 0.0 -8.6
Lc(mm) Lc2 11.0 1.2 0.0 -13.2
Lr(mm) 3.5 1.0 3.5 -3.5
total 22.8 -44.6
REACTION final 6/19
40 40 40
S1 S2 S3 S3 S2 S1
P1 P2
At A1 support
node 1 48 95 142 Load Factor
Reaction(KN)
Girder G1(G7) G2(G6) G3(5) G4 max min
1 Self Weight (DC) 634.9 643.3 648.8 650.1 1.25 0.9
2 SIDL (DW) 103.9 86.8 75.5 71.6 1.5 0.65
3 Creep and Shrinkage(CRandS 93.8 89.3 89.2 89.2 0.5 0.5
Dead LOAD (1+2+3) 832.6 819.4 813.5 810.9
+ 29.0 28.6 28.2 28.2 rTG
4 Temperature
- -7.8 -7.7 -7.6 -7.6 rTG
Max 113.4 90.1 74.8 63.1
5 LANE LOAD
Min -24.9 -13.5 -7.4 -6.2
Max 208.1 166.1 142.2 125.1
6 TRUCK or Tandem
Min -33.3 -19.9 -10.2 -8.5
Max 259.3 206.7 174.7 151.2
7 TRUCK on Negative M
Min 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Max 393.8 313.7 263.9 226.9 1.75 1.75
8 total (LL+IM 4)
Min -66.5 -38.4 -20.2 -16.8 1.75 1.75
STRENGTH 1 Max 1685.5 1528.0 1430.7 1361.7
9
rp= max,rTG=0 Min 880.0 911.8 933.5 935.2
STRENGTH 1 Max 1375.0 1229.0 1139.4 1073.3
10
rp=min ,rTG=0 Min 569.5 612.8 642.2 646.8
SERVICE 1 Max 861.6 848.0 841.7 839.1
11
rTG=1.0(non LL+IM) Min 824.8 811.7 805.9 803.3
SERVICE 1 Max 1240.9 1147.4 1091.5 1051.9
12
rTG=0.5 (include LL+IM) Min 762.2 777.2 789.5 790.3
At P1L support
Reaction(KN)
1 Self Weight (DC) 942.7 951.9 956.8 958.1 1.25 0.9
2 SIDL (DW) 198.4 163.2 141.0 133.5 1.5 0.65
3 Creep and Shrinkage(CRandS -141.4 -131.4 -131.2 -131.0 0.5 0.5
Dead LOAD (1+2+3) 999.7 983.7 966.6 960.6
+ 18.3 18.3 18.3 18.4 rTG
4 Temperature
- -68.0 -68.0 -68.2 -68.5 rTG
MAX 222.4 180.2 152.8 129.7
5 LANE LOAD
MIN -56.1 -34.2 -26.1 -23.2
MAX 247.2 195.7 168.7 144.7
6 TRUCK or Tandem
MIN -81.7 -51.9 -42.6 -36.3
Max 337.5 274.3 231.4 197.9
Min 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Max 579.9 470.8 397.8 339.3 1.75 1.75
8 total(LL+IM 4)
Min -158.3 -99.0 -79.2 -68.5 1.75 1.75
STRENGTH 1 Max 2420.1 2192.9 2038.1 1926.2
9
rp= max,rTG=0 Min 1128.3 1195.7 1203.3 1212.5
STRENGTH 1 Max 1921.5 1721.0 1583.3 1477.3
10
rp=min ,rTG=0 Min 629.7 723.8 748.6 763.7
SERVICE 1 Max 1018.0 1002.0 984.9 979.0
11
rTG=1.0(non LL+IM) Min 931.7 915.7 898.4 892.1
SERVICE 1 Max 1588.8 1463.7 1373.6 1309.1
12
At P1R support
Reaction(KN)
1 Self Weight (DC) 562.6 571.9 577.0 578.2 1.25 0.9
2 SIDL (DW) 115.7 80.8 58.7 51.4 1.5 0.65
3 Creep and Shrinkage(CRandS 47.8 42.3 42.2 42.1 0.5 0.5
Dead LOAD (1+2+3) 726.1 695.0 677.9 671.7
+ 38.9 37.2 39.9 40.3 rTG
4 Temperature
- -10.5 -10.0 -10.7 -10.8 rTG
MAX 177.9 115.8 122.0 104.2
5 LANE LOAD
MIN -86.7 -47.3 -56.1 -48.4
MAX 222.7 168.5 152.1 132.5
6 TRUCK or Tandem
MIN -81.3 -48.3 -46.8 -39.8
Max 290.5 189.9 200.1 172.3
Min 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Max 486.9 326.5 334.8 287.8 1.75 1.75
8 total(LL+IM 4)
Min -188.4 -107.7 -114.6 -98.1 1.75 1.75
STRENGTH 1 Max 1752.8 1428.6 1416.3 1324.6
9
rp= max,rTG=0 Min 571.0 668.8 629.9 649.2
STRENGTH 1 Max 1457.5 1159.8 1164.5 1078.5
10
rp=min ,rTG=0 Min 275.7 399.9 378.0 403.2
SERVICE 1 Max 765.0 732.2 717.8 712.0
11
rTG=1.0(non LL+IM) Min 715.6 685.0 667.2 660.9
SERVICE 1 Max 1232.5 1040.1 1032.7 979.7
12
33 33
A1 P1L P1R
P1
5741.9
6860.6
4869.7
ML
200
ML
ML web
1750
ML= - (0.15L+0.125)*P
where L=(2.250-0.600)= 1.65 m
ML= -40.975 KNm/m
Mlweb= 1.5/1.8*ML
= -34.146 KNm/m
RC STRESS
fsa=230N/mm2
Mn=As*fsa(ds-a/2)
As=Mn/fsa/(ds-a/2)
250 200
Mn= 34.146
50 (ds-a/2)= 180
D16ctc200 As req.=
As=2.011*5=10.055 cm2
Minimum Shear max Torsion Max

section
As mm2 As1 At1 As1+At1 As1 At1 As1+At1
2 5.937 7.312 0.763 8.075 7.312 1.072 8.384
3 2.937 7.312 0.763 8.075 7.312 1.072 8.384
4 2.937 7.312 0.763 8.075 7.312 1.072 8.384
5 2.937 7.312 0.763 8.075 7.312 1.072 8.384
6 3.125 7.312 0.763 8.075 7.312 1.072 8.384
7 3.125 7.312 0.763 8.075 7.312 1.072 8.384
8 3.125 3.125 0.063 8.075 7.312 1.072 8.384
110KN
ML
ML
350
1850
1500
KNm
mm
825 mm2/m
total required(cm2 /m)provided(1 web /m)

Areq max A web
As1+At1+Aweb/2 Dia Pich As cm2/m
8.384 8.25 12.509 D16 200 20.110
8.384 8.25 12.509 D16 200 20.110
8.384 8.25 12.509 D16 200 20.110
8.384 8.25 12.509 D16 200 20.110
8.384 8.25 12.509 D16 200 20.110
8.384 8.25 12.509 D16 200 20.110
8.384 8.25 12.509 D16 200 20.110
DESIGN Of SLAB DECK
Design Moment for the Slab Deck
The Design Load shall be considered the self weight and surface load and live load (Tandem).
Bending Moment due to the live load (Tandem) is calculated by the following equations specified
in JSHB-2003(Japan specification for the highway bridge).
Design Moment of WHEEL load P(include impact) unit;KN*m/m
Direction of Moment
Plate Type Point Member Application
Lateral Longitudinal
RC 0 L 4
Simple middle +(0.12L+0.07)P +(0.10L+0.04)P
PC 0 L 6
RC 0 L 4
middle +0.8*(0.12L+0.07)P +0.8*(0.10L+0.04)P
PC 0 L 6
Continuous
RC 0 L 4
support -(0.15L+0.125)P -
PC 0 L 6
RC 0 L 1.5
-PL/(1.3L+0.25)
Cantilever support 0 L 1.5 -
PC
1.5 <L 3.0 -(0.6L-0.22)P
Coefficient (K)for span length
For Simple and Continuous Slab

L(m) L2.5 2.5< L 4.0 4.0< L 6.0
K 1.00 1.0 + (L-2.5)/12 1.125+(L-4.0)/26
For Cantilever Slab
L(m) L1.5 1.5< L 3.0
K 1.00 1.0 + (L-2.5)/25
Were:
RC: Reinforced Concrete Slab
PC: Prestress Concrete Slab
L: Span of Slab
P: Wheel Load 110KN
300 P=110KN
P=110KN
L(m) L(m)
Cantilever L(m) Simple or Continuous

1) Cantilever slab
1.25
0.95 0.3
0.5 0.45
0.3 0.15
0.2
0.1
(1-1)Dead Load Mdc

Slab t(m) L(m) W(KN/m3) X(m) M(KN*m)
0.2 0.95 24.5 0.475 2.211
0.1 0.95 24.5 0.317 0.369
Total Mdc 2.580
(1-2) Wearing Surface and Utiliti Mdw

t(m) L(m) W(KN/m3) X(m) M(KN*m)
Gird Rail - W(KN) 0.6 0.7 0.42
Curb 0.5 0.55 24.5 0.7 4.716
Pavement 0.075 0.45 22.0 0.225 0.167
Total Mdw 5.303
(1-3) Live Load
ML= -PL/(1.3L+0.25) * K
K= 1.0
P= 110 KN
L= 0.15 m
ML= -37.079 KN.m
2) Continuous Slab
2.25
at the support P=110KN
0.20
middle
L=1.65m
0.30 0.300
(2-1)Dead Load Mdc
Mdc=+- WL^2/10 KNm/m

w= (0.08+0.200)*24.5= 6.86 KN/m2
L= 1.65 m
Mdc=+- 1.868 KNm/m
(2-2) Wearing Surface and Utiliti Mdw
Mdc=+- WL^2/10 KNm/m

w= (0.075)*22.0= 1.65 KN/m2
L= 1.65 m
Mdc=+- 0.449 KNm/m
(2-3) Live Load

at Support at middle
ML= -(0.15L+0.125) * P*K ML=0.8*(0.12L+0.07) *P* K
K= 1.0 - K= 1.0 -
P= 110 KN P= 110 KN
L= 1.65 m L= 1.65 m
ML= -40.975 KN.m ML= 23.584 KN.m
3) Load Combination for Cantilever Slab

middle of girder
cantilebar
support middle
Mdc= -2.58 KNm/m -1.868 1.868 KNm/m
Mdw= -5.303 KNm/m -0.449 0.449 KNm/m
MlLL= -37.079 KNm/m -40.975 23.584 KNm/m
Mdc Mdv Design Moment(KNm/m)
LOAD FACTOR MLL
rp rp cantilebar support middle
SERVICE 1.00 1.00 1.00 -44.962 -43.292 25.901
STRENGTH-1 1.25 1.50 1.75 -76.068 -74.715 44.281
4) Reinforcing Bar Dia PITCH
50
200
150
Mn=As*fs*(ds-a/2) fs=Mn/(As*(ds-a/2))
Mr=Mn
unit cantilever support middle
Dia mm D18 D18 D14
PITCH mm 100 100 100
As mm2 2545 2545 1539
(ds-a/2)=0.9ds 135 135 135
Mn= Kim/m 44.962 43.292 25.901
Service fs= N/mm2 131 126 125 OK
<fsa= N/mm2 140 140 140 JSHB
0.9 0.9 0.9
fs= N/mm2 410 410 410
Strength Mn Kim/m 140.866 140.866 85.184
Mr. Kim/m 126.779 126.779 76.665
<M Kim/m 74.685 74.715 44.281 OK
5) reinforcing bar of longitudinal direction for the middle slab
Moment should be consider only effect of wheel load.(JSHB)
2.25
P=110KN
0.2
Longitudinal reinforcing bar
L=1.65
0.3 0.3
(5-1) Live Load

re bar for longitudinal unit cantilever
Dia mm D14
ML= 0.8*(0.10L+0.04) * P
PITCH mm 100
P= 110 KN As mm2 1539
L= 1.65 m (ds-a/2)=0.9ds 135
ML= 18.040 KNm/m Mn= Kim/m 18.04
Service fs= N/mm2 87
<fsa= N/mm2 140
ok

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What factors are considered in designing the bearing?

What factors are considered in designing the bearing?

What are the typical vertical and horizontal forces acting on the bridge bearing?

What are the typical vertical and horizontal forces acting on the bridge bearing?

DESIGN OF BEARING (Steel Reinforced Blastomeric Bearing)

Bearing is Steel Reinforced Blastomeric type .

The following factors is considered in horizontal movement

BR;braking force = 25% of truck or tamed road

2 - total of Displacement Unit : mm

Bearings are designed in accordance with STEEL REINFORCED ELECTROMETRIC

3-3 Check for the Compressive stress

3-4 Check for Rotation (TCN-14.7.5.3.5)

3-5 Required thickness of rubber(Shear Deformation) (TCN-14.7.5.3.4)

3-7 Reinforcement (TCN-14.7.5.3.7)

3-8 SLIDING (TCN-14.7.6.4)

gth limit state exceeds

The following factors is considered in horizontal movement

BR;braking force = 25% of truck or tamed road

2 - total of Displacement Unit : mm

Bearings are designed in accordance with STEEL REINFORCED ELECTROMETRIC

3-3 Check for the Compressive stress

3-4 Check for Rotation (TCN-14.7.5.3.5)

3-5 Required thickness of rubber(Shear Deformation) (TCN-14.7.5.3.4)

3-7 Reinforcement (TCN-14.7.5.3.7)

3-8 SLIDING (TCN-14.7.6.4)

gth limit state exceeds

include blacking force

The following factors is considered in horizontal movement

BR;braking force = 25% of truck or tamed road

2 - total of Displacement Unit : mm

Bearings are designed in accordance with STEEL REINFORCED ELECTROMETRIC

3-3 Check for the Compressive stress

3-4 Check for Rotation (TCN-14.7.5.3.5)

3-5 Required thickness of rubber(Shear Deformation) (TCN-14.7.5.3.4)

3-7 Reinforcement (TCN-14.7.5.3.7)

3-8 SLIDING (TCN-14.7.6.4)

Compressive elasticity modulus E(Mpa) KV(KN/m)=(EA)/(n*hri)

service limit state(mm)

gth limit state exceeds

Source: Viet Nam Climate,

(a) Horizontal movement for the bearing (non factored)

(b) Horizontal movement for the Expansion joint .

A1 P1L P1R P2L P2R A2

Minimum Shear max Torsion Max

total required(cm2 /m)provided(1 web /m)

Design Moment for the Slab Deck

Coefficient (K)for span length

For Simple and Continuous Slab

Cantilever L(m) Simple or Continuous

(1-1)Dead Load Mdc

(1-2) Wearing Surface and Utiliti Mdw

(1-3) Live Load

at the support P=110KN

(2-1)Dead Load Mdc

Mdc=+- WL^2/10 KNm/m

(2-2) Wearing Surface and Utiliti Mdw

Mdc=+- WL^2/10 KNm/m

(2-3) Live Load