RC Pier Design Taiwan Bridge

DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE PIER

1. SUBJECT INFORMATION
Designed:- Hassen Kedir
Title:- RC Pier Design

2. DESIGN DATA AND SPECIFICATIONS

Superstructure type:- RBDG Bridge
Substructure type:- Reinforced Concrete Pier
No. of lanes = 6
Left walkway Widht= 3.50 m
Left roadway width= 10.00 m
Median width= 3.00 m
Right roadway width 10.00 m
Right walkway Widht= 3.50 m
Final level = 1193.69 m
Found. level = 1180.90 m
Wearing surf. thickness = 0.10 m
Skew Angle= 0.0 Deg
Length of abutment in transverse direction = 30.00 m
Left Superstructure Right Superstructure
Clear span = 30.00 m 30.00 m
Center to center of support of supports = 30.50 m 30.50 m
Girder depth = 1.90 m 1.90 m
Web width = 0.30 m 0.30 m
Number of exterior girders = 2 2
Number of enterior girders = 4 4
Pier type:- Triple Column Bent Pier

Lpc Wpc
Dpc

OvgLpc Spcol OvgLpc

Dcol

0.8
0.8
Hcol

Ovgftg_L
Dftg

Lftg Wftg

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Dimensions
No of Column N= 3
Column Diameter Dcol= 0.90 m
Column Spacing Scol= 4.00 m
Footing Depth Dftg = 1.10 m Trans Ovg = 2.3
Footing Width B = 5.50 m Long Ovg = 2.05
Footinge Length L = 13.00 m
Plie Depth of Penetration d = 15.00 m
Plie Diameter Dpile = 0.60 m
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Concrete :-
Grade C-30 concrete ( section 9.3)
fc '= 24. MPa ( fc' cylinder )
fc = 0.4*fc' = 9.6 MPa
Ec = 4800sqrt(fc') = 23515.1 MPa
Reinforcement steel:
Grade 300 steel: For rebars less than or equal to diam. 16.0 mm
fy = 300. MPa
fs = 140. MPa
Es = 200000. MPa
Grade 420 steel: For rebars greater than diam. 16.0 mm
fy = 420. MPa
fs = 165. MPa
Es = 200000. MPa
Modular ratio n = Ec / Es = 8.51 Use n = 9

Unit weight of backfill material 19 KN/m3

Unit weight of concrete 24 KN/m3

Concrete Cover
Footing = 80 mm
Pile = 80 mm
Live Loading:
Vehicular Live Loading: (1) Design Truck : AASHTO HL93
(2) Design Tandem
(3) Design Lane Loading

DESIGN TRUCK
P/4 P P P P
14ft 14 - 30ft 6ft
(4.30m) (4.30- 9.10m) (1.80m)

P = Axle load = 145 KN

LONGITUDINAL ARRANGEMENT TRANSVERSE ARRANGEMENT

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DESIGN TANDEM
P P P P
1.20m 1.80m

P = Axle load = 110KN = 110 KN

LONGITUDINAL ARRANGEMENT TRANSVERSE ARRANGEMENT

Design Lane Loading

W= 9.30 KN/m

Note: Lane loading is uniformly distributed over a width of 3.00m.

Dynamic Load Allowance is not applied for lane loading

Design method: Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD)

Reference: ERA's Bridge Design Manual 2002
AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, 1998

Resistance Factor for Shear:- 0.9

Resistance Factor for Moment:- 0.9

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SAP Girder Seat Reinforcement Output For ASHTO Design
Location FTopArea BarDiam No of  FBotArea BarDiam No of  VRebar BarDiam Spacing
m mm2 mm Bars mm2 mm Bars m2/m mm mm
0.00 0.0000 24 1 0.0000 24 1 0.0000 12 300
0.38 8.4477 24 1 0.0000 24 1 0.0000 12 300
0.75 33.7959 24 1 0.0000 24 1 0.0000 12 300
0.75 0.0000 24 1 2555.4457 24 6 900.0000 12 300
1.25 0.0000 24 1 1303.2245 24 3 900.0000 12 300
1.75 657.8842 24 2 118.3331 24 1 900.0000 12 300
2.25 2006.1305 24 5 0.0000 24 1 900.0000 12 300
2.75 3407.4820 24 8 0.0000 24 1 900.0000 12 300
2.75 3208.0707 24 8 0.0000 24 1 7612.4692 16 100 3
3.15 0.0000 24 1 1312.2831 24 3 7569.3447 16 100 3
3.15 762.2974 24 2 160.0019 24 1 0.0000 12 300
3.63 543.9145 24 2 368.5543 24 1 0.0000 12 300
4.11 378.8997 24 1 583.0035 24 2 0.0000 12 300
4.59 254.1112 24 1 790.4687 24 2 0.0000 12 300
5.07 149.3257 24 1 970.6491 24 3 0.0000 12 300
5.55 64.4652 24 1 1123.3703 24 3 0.0000 12 300
5.55 0.0000 24 1 3433.4969 24 8 3345.0669 14 180 2
5.95 11.7254 24 1 1227.9456 24 3 3388.0124 14 180 2
6.35 2070.7882 24 5 0.0000 24 1 3430.9579 14 170 2
6.75 3780.0000 24 9 0.0000 24 1 3473.9034 14 170 2
6.75 3780.0000 24 9 0.0000 24 1 3507.9337 14 170 2
7.15 2121.3632 24 5 0.0000 24 1 3464.9882 14 170 2
7.55 46.7802 24 1 1219.2219 24 3 3422.0428 14 170 2
7.95 0.0000 24 1 3400.4035 24 8 3379.0973 14 180 2
7.95 0.0000 24 1 1035.5312 24 3 0.0000 12 300
8.43 0.0000 24 1 878.0077 24 2 0.0000 12 300
8.91 130.6065 24 1 693.0741 24 2 0.0000 12 300
9.39 284.4736 24 1 480.9089 24 2 0.0000 12 300
9.87 470.3908 24 2 253.5719 24 1 0.0000 12 300
10.35 709.8891 24 2 32.3523 24 1 0.0000 12 300
10.35 0.0000 24 1 1442.0478 24 4 8321.9353 16 90 3
10.75 3714.5337 24 9 0.0000 24 1 8365.0598 16 90 3
10.75 3780.0000 24 9 0.0000 24 1 1158.6907 12 300
11.25 2674.2376 24 6 0.0000 24 1 1105.0536 12 300
11.75 1162.3417 24 3 582.4773 24 2 1051.4165 12 300
12.25 0.0000 24 1 1922.0549 24 5 997.7794 12 300
12.75 0.0000 24 1 3322.2393 24 8 944.1423 12 300
12.75 33.7959 24 1 0.0000 24 1 0.0000 12 300
13.12 8.4477 24 1 0.0000 24 1 0.0000 12 300
13.50 0.0000 24 1 0.0000 24 1 0.0000 12 300

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SAP Intermediate Beam Reinforcement Output For ASHTO Design
Location FTopArea BarDiam No of  FBotArea BarDiam No of  VRebar BarDiam Spacing
m mm2 mm Bars mm2 mm Bars m2/m mm mm
0.00 500.7 14 4 249.4 14 2 0.0004 12 400
0.50 352.8 14 3 136.8 14 1 0.0004 12 400
1.00 225.6 14 2 137.9 14 1 0.0004
1.50 136.8 14 1 211.0 14 2 0.0004
2.00 136.8 14 1 294.5 14 2 0.0004
2.50 136.8 14 1 360.3 14 3 0.0004
3.00 136.8 14 1 406.2 14 3 0.0004
3.50 136.8 14 1 432.0 14 3 0.0004
4.00 136.8 14 1 437.6 14 3 0.0004 12 400
4.50 136.8 14 1 423.1 14 3 0.0004 12 400
5.00 136.8 14 1 388.6 14 3 0.0004 12 400
5.50 136.8 14 1 333.9 14 3 0.0004 12 400
6.00 136.8 14 1 259.4 14 2 0.0004 12 400
6.50 163.9 14 2 165.0 14 2 0.0004 12 400
7.00 262.7 14 2 136.8 14 1 0.0004 12 400
7.50 396.3 14 3 136.8 14 1 0.0004 12 400
8.00 550.6 14 4 274.2 14 2 0.0004 12 400

SAP Column Reinforcement Output For ASHTO Design

Location PMMArea VMajRebar VMinRebar Styrup BarDiam Spacing
m m2 m2/m m2/m m2/m mm mm
0.0 0.006 32 8 0.001 12 220
4.0 0.006 32 8 0.001 12 220
8.0 0.006 32 8 0.001 12 220

SAP Single Column Bease Reaction Output For ASHTO Design
Vert Force Long. Moment Trans. Moment
KN KN‐m KN‐m
Max 4042.70 146.04 11.01
Min 2259.80 ‐145.22 ‐30.67
Design 4042.70 146.04 30.67

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3 STABILITY ANALYSIS
BEARING CAPACITY OF PILES

max = V/B(1+6e/B)

min = V/B(1-6e/B)

y
Consider Moment about O2

The bearing pressure beneath footing is calculated by the factored loads. According to Tables the above table
the dead load of the wall and the surcharge loads are factored by the minimum or maximum value; whereas, the lateral
pressure is factored by the maximum value.

For foundation on soil, the location of the resultant of the reaction forces shall be within the middle half of the base.
For foundation on rock, the location of the resultant of the reaction forces shall be within the middle three-fourth of the base

The summation of moment about toe, M = 0,033.7 KNm/m

The summation of Vertical Forces, V = 1,078.1 KN/m
e =M/V = 0.03 m

q heel = 189.3 KN/m2

q toe = 202.7 KN/m2
Gradient = 2.4

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D= 1 mm
Given Pile Diameter = 600 mm Pile Cap B= 5.5 m
Factored Plie Capacity= 157.0 ton 1538.6 kN Pile Cap L= 13.0 m
Last row center to edge of footing = 917 mm Footing Overhang= 2.3 m
Row of piles transverse layers = 3 mm
Row Spacing = 1833 mm OK
Column Spacing = 1857 mm
Load on pile per
y layer Rqd No of pile Used No of pile
Row mm KN/Lyr longitudinal layer longitudinal layer
1 917 mm 351.2 3.0 7
2 2750 mm 359.4 4.0 7
3 4583 mm 367.5 4.0 7
4 6417 mm 0.0 -
5 8250 mm 0.0 -
6 10083 mm 0.0 -
7 11917 mm 0.0 -
8 13750 mm 0.0 -
9 15583 mm 0.0 -
10 17417 mm 0.0 -

Loading Data
Here all loading data except footing pad weight is obtained from the output result of structural analysis programme(SAP)

P1 P2 P3

a1 a2

x lcc r
xcg

CG
M y1 M y2 M y3 D

pnet

ELEVATION

a1 a2
CG
a1 a1 a2 B

L
PLAN

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P1= 4873.0 kN M x1 = 238.0 KNm M y1 = 64.0 KNm

P2= 3893.0 kN M x2 = 195.0 KNm M y2 = 82.0 KNm
P3= 4397.0 kN M x3 = 194.0 KNm M y3 = 85.0 KNm

Geometrical Data
Here Pier Dimensions and distance between pier columns is taken from preliminary design
a1 0.90 m lcc 4.00 m
a2 0.90 m x 1.50 m
a3 0.90 m r 1.50 m

Determination of number of piles

Given Pile Capacity of single pile

factored capacity of pile Compression = øPu 1538.6 kN
factored capacity of pile Tension = øPu 480.2 kN

Load distribution on each pile

Preliminary dimension of piles

Length of pile cap 13.00 m
Pile cap width 5.50 m
Pile Diameter 0.60 m
Number of rows 3
Number of columns 7
Total Number of piles 21
Minimum spacing between piles =3*d 1.80 m
Longitudinal Spacing 1.83 m
Transvese Spacing 1.86 m
distance b/n center and end of cap 0.92 m
Minimum length of pile cap= 12.83 m
Minimum width of pile cap= 5.50 m
Thickness of pile cap 1.20 m
Fill height above pile cap 4.00 m
Distance between piers 4.00 m
Internal fill length 4.00 m
d1 1.25 m
d2 4.25 m
d3 4.50 m
d4 4.50 m

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from Diameter/Length P Mx My Mx My
KN KN-m KN-m x y tot tot
Pier 1 0.90 m 4873 238 64 -4 0 238.0 -19428.0
Pier 2 0.90 m 3893 195 82 0.00 0 195.0 82.0
Pier 3 0.90 m 4397 194 85 4.00 0 194.0 17673.0
Pile cap - 2574 0 0 0.00 0 0.0 0.0
Soil 6793 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0
Psum 22529.50 627.0 -1673.0
piles= 2671.92
Total load 25201.42
x=My/p -0.07 m ex=x -0.07 m
y=Mx/P 0.03 m ey=y 0.03 m

Pile
row col x y Psum/n Psum*ex*x Psum*ey*y x2 y2 p
1 1 5.6 1.8 1073 -9321 1149.5 31.04 3.36 1192 OK
1 2 3.7 1.8 1073 -6950.959949 0 13.80 3.36 1176 OK
1 3 1.9 1.8 1073 -3475.479974 0 3.45 3.36 1188 OK
1 4 0.0 1.8 1073 0 0 0.00 3.36 1200 OK
1 5 -1.9 1.8 1073 3475.479974 0 3.45 3.36 1212 OK
1 6 -3.7 1.8 1073 6950.959949 0 13.80 3.36 1224 OK
1 7 -5.6 1.8 1073 10426.43992 0 31.04 3.36 1236 OK
2 1 5.6 0.0 1073 -10426.43992 0 31.04 0.00 1164 OK
2 2 3.7 0.0 1073 -6950.959949 0 13.80 0.00 1176 OK
2 3 1.9 0.0 1073 -3475.479974 0 3.45 0.00 1188 OK
2 4 0.0 0.0 1073 0 0 0.00 0.00 1200 OK
2 5 -1.9 0.0 1073 3475.479974 0 3.45 0.00 1212 OK
2 6 -3.7 0.0 1073 6950.959949 0 13.80 0.00 1224 OK
2 7 -5.6 0.0 1073 10426.43992 0 31.04 0.00 1236 OK
3 1 5.6 -1.8 1073 -10426.43992 0 31.04 3.36 1164 OK
3 2 3.7 -1.8 1073 -6950.959949 0 13.80 3.36 1176 OK
3 3 1.9 -1.8 1073 -3475.479974 0 3.45 3.36 1188 OK
3 4 0.0 -1.8 1073 0 0 0.00 3.36 1200 OK
3 5 -1.9 -1.8 1073 3475.479974 0 3.45 3.36 1212 OK
3 6 -3.7 -1.8 1073 6950.959949 0 13.80 3.36 1224 OK
3 7 -5.6 -1.8 1073 10426.43992 0 31.04 3.36 1236 OK
22529.50 289.71 47.06 25229.67

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4 DESIGN OF CANTILEVER

The factored pressure at toe underneath footing due to contributing piles

y moment arm Shear Moment
Row m m KN/m KN*m/m
1 1.83 1.4 648.4 896.9
2 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0
3 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0
4 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0
5 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sum = 648.4 896.9

Mu = 896.90 KNm/m
The cracking moment given by Eq.(12.39) as follows:
Ig =bh 3/12 = 1.10917E+11 mm 4
Mcr =frIg/yt = 622.42 KNm/m yt= 550 mm
1.2*Mcr = 746.90 fr = 0.63*sqrt(fc') = 3.086 MPa
The amount of reinforcement shall be adequate to develop a factored flexural resistance at least equal to the
lesser of :
- 1.2 times the cracking strength determined on the basis of elastic stress distribution and the
modulus of rupture, fr, of the concrete.
- 1.33 times the factored moment required by the applicable strength load combinations

Besides the area of reinforcement shall not be less than the minimum shrinkage and temperature reinforcement.

Reinforcement Mu= 896.90 KNm/m

Ø= 0.90 Mu
b= 1000 mm Rn 
fy= 420.00 N/mm2 2
mom b  d eff
fc'= 24.00 N/mm2
D= 1100 mm
diam= 32 mm
cover = 80 mm
 fc1   2Rn 

d= 1004 mm   0.85    1 1
fy   c1 
0.85f
Rn= 0.989   
=0.85*fc/fy*(1-sqrt(1-
0.0024
2*Rn/0.85f))=
As=*d= 2424 A s    d eff
min=0.03*(f'c/fy) = 0.0017
Required spacing, S = 330 mm

According to section 5.10.8, the area of reinforcement for walls and footings in each direction shall not be less than :

As = 0.11Ag/fy >= 288.10 mm 2

Provided: Use  32 mm bars bars c/c 330 mm

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As prov. = 2437 mm 2
Checking maximum steel area
max = 0.75* b = = 0.75*0.85* 1*(fc'/fy)*600/(600+fy) 1= 0.85
0.0182 fc' = 24 N/mm2
provided = As/bd = 0.0022 << rmax
OK !!

Top both direction reinforcement

According to section 5.10.8, the area of reinforcement for walls and footings in each direction shall not be less than :

As = 0.11Ag/fy >= 288.10 mm 2

Provided: Use  12 mm bars bars c/c 390 mm

CHECK FOR WIDE BEAM SHEAR

V factored b-b(max) = 648.36 kN/m

Allowable shear stress carried by concrete is given by:

vc = 0.166sqrt(fc') = 0.813 MPa

The maximum allowable factored shear force that can be resisted by the concrete section is:
Vall =*vc*b*d = 734.84 kN/m
OK !

CHECK FOR PUNCHING SHEAR

V factored (at culument) = 4042.70 kN/m

According to 5.13.3.6, the nominal shear stress of concrete section is given by:
Dcol= 0.90 m

Vn  min 0.33  Be = 0.79

 0.17     fc b o dv  0.33 fc b o dv dv = 1.00 m
 e   bo = 9.14 m
Vn = 14828.51
The maximum allowable factored shear force that can be resisted by the concrete section is:
Vall =*Vn = 13345.66 kN/m
OK !

5 DESIGN OF PILE

Assume = 1.5 % for the pile.

2
As = 4241.2 mm
Assuming  20
Number of bars= 14 20 bars

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