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    Basic Cement Chemistry

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    dina safiri
    This document discusses basic cement chemistry. It defines key terms like chemical composition, formulae, mineralogical composition, and chemical parameters used to characterize cement materials. These include elemental oxides, lime saturation, silica ratio, alumina ratio, and Bogue calculations to determine clinker mineral contents from chemical analysis. The relationships between clinker chemistry parameters and mineral phases, and their significance for different cement types are also covered.

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    Basic Cement Chemistry

    Uploaded by

    dina safiri
    352 views13 pages
    This document discusses basic cement chemistry. It defines key terms like chemical composition, formulae, mineralogical composition, and chemical parameters used to characterize cement materials. These include elemental oxides, lime saturation, silica ratio, alumina ratio, and Bogue calculations to determine clinker mineral contents from chemical analysis. The relationships between clinker chemistry parameters and mineral phases, and their significance for different cement types are also covered.

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    Basic Cement Chemistry

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    This document discusses basic cement chemistry. It defines key terms like chemical composition, formulae, mineralogical composition, and chemical parameters used to characterize cement materials. These include elemental oxides, lime saturation, silica ratio, alumina ratio, and Bogue calculations to determine clinker mineral contents from chemical analysis. The relationships between clinker chemistry parameters and mineral phases, and their significance for different cement types are also covered.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    352 views13 pages

    Basic Cement Chemistry

    Uploaded by

    dina safiri
    This document discusses basic cement chemistry. It defines key terms like chemical composition, formulae, mineralogical composition, and chemical parameters used to characterize cement materials. These include elemental oxides, lime saturation, silica ratio, alumina ratio, and Bogue calculations to determine clinker mineral contents from chemical analysis. The relationships between clinker chemistry parameters and mineral phases, and their significance for different cement types are also covered.

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    Basic Cement Chemistry

    Learning Objectives

    Know the meaning and the way of presentation of chemical and mineralogical
    composition of cement specific materials
    Know the chemical moduli applied for cement specific materials
    Know the Bogue-calculation for clinker mineral phases and the relationship with
    chemical moduli
    Chemical Composition
    Chemical Formulae
    Mineralogical Composition
    Chemical Parameters for Cement-Specific Materials
    Contents of Clinker Minerals According to Bogue
    Relationship between Chemical Moduli and Clinker Mineral Contents
    Exercise for Calculation

    Elemental Composition (weight %)

    Chemical Composition

    Elemental composition in weight percentage. By convention, the elements are


    expressed in form of their oxides (exception; Cl, F).
    Usual sequence of elements in cement chemistry
    L.o.I.: e.g. at 1050 C, mainly due to CO2 and H2O
    Chemical Composition Examples

    Chemical Formula

    The chemical formula indicates the elements occurring in a chemical compound:


    For a molecular compound, type and absolute number of elements are given

    For a mineralogical compound, type and relative number of elements are given

    Note: In mineralogical compounds, the elements need not necessarily occur in simple
    numerical ratios (impurities, solid solution)

    Chemical Formulae

    In the cement chemistry, shorthands are often used:

    Mineralogical Composition

    Composition of material, expressed in weight-percentage of the occurring minerals


    Note: Difference between chemical and mineralogical composition

    Chemical Parameters for Cement-Specific Materials

    Titration

    Content of carbonates as determined by acid-base titration, expressed as CaCO3

    % Titration = 1.786 CaO + 2.48 MgO

    Applied for: Limestone Marl Raw Meal

    Lime Saturation
    The LS is a measure to which extent the CaO-richest compounds C3S, C3A and C4AF can be
    formed without the necessary presence of free lime. At LS > 100, free lime will unavoidably
    be present after burning.

    Applied for:

    Raw meal

    Clinker

    Cement: neat OPC only

    CaO = CaO(total) 0.7 SO3

    Usual range in clinker: 85 100

    Note: The influence of MgO can be accounted for

    Max. 2% MgO may be introduced in formula (not applied in cement specifications)

    Silica Ratio

    Applied for:

    Siliceous-argillaceous raw components


    Raw Meal

    Clinker

    Cement

    Usual range in clinker: 1.8 3.6

    Alumina Ratio

    Applied for:

    Siliceous-argillaceous raw components

    Raw Meal

    Clinker

    Cement

    Usual range in clinker: 1 3

    Na2O-equivalent

    Total alkali content, expressed as Na2O

    Na2O-equivalent = Na2O + 0.658 K2O

    Note:

    Limit for low alkali cement

    Na2O-equivalent < 0.6 %

    Applied for:

    Clinker

    Cement

    Moduli of Main Clinkers in Holcim group


    Moduli of Main Clinkers
    Content of clinker Minerals according to Bogue

    Percentage content of clinker minerals, assuming that chemical equilibrium is


    attained, and that no impurities are present.

    C3S = 4.07 CaO 7.6 SiO2 6.72 Al2O3 1.43 Fe2O3

    C2S = 8.6 SiO2 + 5.07 Al2O3 + 2.08 Fe2O3 3.07 CaO

    or 2.87 SiO2 0.754 C3S

    C3A = 2.65 Al2O3 1.69 Fe2O3

    C4AF = 3.04 Fe2O3

    In reality, the mineralogical composition of industrial clinkers differs to some extent from
    that calculated according to Bogue.
    Applied for Cement

    OPC only (excl. blended cements)

    Correction for CaO in CaSO4: CaO = CaOtot 0.70 SO3

    For AASHTO: TiO2 and P2O5 to be added to Al2O3 (no longer for ASTM)

    Clinker

    CaO can be corrected for free lime; depending on objective of calculation CaO = CaOtot
    CaOfree

    Significance of Clinker Minerals for Cement Properties

    Significance of Clinker Minerals for ASTM Cement Types

    Type I Portland no restrictions regarding clinker minerals


    Type II Portland with moderate sulphate resistance (and moderate heat of hydration)

    C3A max. 8 %

    (C3S + C3A max. 58% for moderate heat of hydration)

    Type III Portland with high early strength

    C3A max. 15% (C3A max. 8% for moderate sulphate resist. C3A max. 5% for high sulphate
    resist.)
    Type IV Portland with low heat of hydration

    C3S max. 35%

    C2S min. 40%

    C3A max. 7%

    Type V Portland with high sulphate resistance

    C3A max. 5.0 %

    C4AF + 2 C3A max. 25%

    or C4AF + 2 C2F max. 25%

    Clinker Minerals as Function of LS

    Clinker Minerals as Function of SR


    Clinker Minerals as Function of SR
    Clinker Minerals as Function of AR
    if you have any Question , dont Hesitate to contact our chemical section , send an Email with
    Subject CHEMI(02)

    to Email : project20062015@gmail.com

    http://www.cementequipment.org/cement-chemistry/basic-cement-chemistry/

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