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Material Balance On Multiple Unit Processes

This document provides an example of a degree of freedom analysis for a multi-unit separation process consisting of two distillation columns separating a three component feed into benzene, toluene, and xylene products, calculating the degrees of freedom for each unit and the overall system. The analysis shows that the process has a unique solution and we should start by solving the first unit before moving to the second unit once the first is solved to reduce the degrees of freedom to zero.

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John Raymart Rafer
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225 views11 pages

Material Balance On Multiple Unit Processes

This document provides an example of a degree of freedom analysis for a multi-unit separation process consisting of two distillation columns separating a three component feed into benzene, toluene, and xylene products, calculating the degrees of freedom for each unit and the overall system. The analysis shows that the process has a unique solution and we should start by solving the first unit before moving to the second unit once the first is solved to reduce the degrees of freedom to zero.

Uploaded by

John Raymart Rafer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATERIAL BALANCE ON

MULTIPLE UNIT PROCESSES


EVAPORATOR + CRYSTALLIZER+FILTRATION SET UP
B D

BALANCE ON MULTIPLE UNIT PROCESS


U U
N N
A I I
T T

2
I

C E

Consider the whole system: A = B + D + E

Consider Unit 1 A = B + C

Consider Unit 2 C = D + E
Example 1: Degree of Freedom Analysis on a Multiunit
process.

Problem Statement:

Consider a separation train consisting of two distillation columns


which are designed to separate a three-component mixture of
benzene, toluene, and xylene into three streams, each rich in one of
the species as shown below. Given a feed rate of 1000 mol/h of a 20
mol% benzene, 30 mol% toluene mixture, a bottoms product of 2.5
mol% benzene and 35 mol% toluene from the first unit, and an
overhead product of 8 mol% benzene and 72 mol% toluene from
the second unit, determine how much material will be processed by
each unit and how this material will be divided among the outlet
streams.
Given:
D1 D2
Xb
Xb = 0.08
toluene
Xt= 0.72
U U xylene
1000n/h N B1 N
F1 I I
T
T
Xb = 0.2
Xt= 0.3 I 2

xylene B1 B2
Xb = 0.025 Xt
Xt= 0.35 xylene
xylene
DOF Unit 1 Unit 2 Block
V 8 8 10
E 3 3 3
R 5 4 5
S 0 0 0
0 1 2
DOF Unit 1 Unit 2 Overall system
V 8 8 10

E 3 3 3
R 5 4 5
S 0 0 0
0 1 2

What Does the DOF Analysis tell us?

1. The process has a unique solution

2. We should start by solving Unit 1

3. Once Unit 1 has been solved, it will provide


another r value connected with Unit 2. This
will reduce that unit's DOF to 0 so it will be
solved next.
A triple-effect evaporator concentrates a 10% caustic soda to
50% NaOH. Assuming equal amounts of evaporation in
each effect, calculate the concentration of the solution leaving
each effect.
A triple-effect evaporator concentrates a 10% caustic soda to
50% NaOH. Assuming equal amounts of evaporation in
each effect, calculate the concentration of the solution leaving
each effect.
A liquid mixture containing 30% mole benzene (B), 25%
toluene (T) and 45% xylene (X) is fed at a rate of 100
kmole/h to a distillation unit consisting of two columns.
The bottoms product from the first column is to contain
99% mole X and no B, and 98% of the X in the feed is
recovered in this stream. The overhead product from the
first column is fed to the second column. The overhead
product from the second column contains 99% mole B
and no X. The benzene recovered in this stream
represents 96% of B in the feed to this column. Calculate
a) molar flow rates (in kmole/h) and the component
mole fractions of each product stream from both
columns. (b) % recovery of toluene.
An evaporation – crystallization process is used to
obtain a solid potassium sulfate from an aqueous
solution of this salt. The feed to this process contains
18.6% weight K2SO4. The wet filter cake consists of
solid K2SO4 crystals and 40% by weight K2SO4 solution,
in a ratio of 10 kg crystals per kg solution. Of the
water fed to the evaporator, 82.66% is evaporated.
The evaporator has a maximum capacity of 155 kg
water evaporated per minute. Calculate the
maximum production rate of solid K2SO4 and the rate
at which the feed must be supplied to achieve this
production rate, if the wet filter cake is passed
through a dryer to produce bone-dry K2SO4.
NaCl crystals are to be produced from 1,000 kg of a solution containing
11% NaCl,, and 89% H2O. The solution is first sent to an evaporator
where 790 kg of the water from the solution is removed. The hot
concentrated solution is then sent to a crsytallizer where the solution is
cooled to 20 °C and NaCl crsytals precipitate. ( No H2O evaporates).
Each kg of crsytals carries with it 0.1 kg of adhering mother liquor. The
wet crsytals are then treated in a drier where 95% of the water is
removed. Calculate:
a. The composition of the concentrated solution from the
evaporator.
b. the composition of the final crystal product.
c. The percentage recovery of NaCl from the original solution.

Data: At 20 C, the solublity of NaCl in water is 36g NaCl/100 g water.

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