Five Year Plans and RP

Regional Planning in Five Year Plans :
Five Details Of Plan Observations

Year
Plans
First • Sporadic reference to rural • Ist step towards - Micro level
(1951- urban relations planning by creation of
56) o ‘In-migration’ to urban community development blocks
areas- urban growth • Panchayats were formed –
problems working at mercy of State Govt.
• Community development
program, National Extension
Service
• Focus – boost agricultural
production
• Balwant Rai Committee – need
for democratic decentralisation
Second • Emphasis on regional • Industrial location, not
(1956- development thoroughly decentralized –
61) increase in regional disparity
Third • Concept of “Balanced • Plan could not succeed because
Plan Regional Development” & of international conflicts and two
(1961- “Housing & Urban & Rural droughts
66) Planning • Green revolution benefitted
• Industrial Estate policy agriculturally developed regions
as a measure for • Deteriorating conditions of urban
industrial dispersion and areas - Need was felt to look city
development of medium as a part of its hinterland
and small scale
industries to benefit rural
areas.
Fourth • Emphasized on regional • Sub plan approach initiated
Plan approach to urban development
(1969- • Centrally sponsored
1974) programs for area
development, i.e. target
area approach, target
people approach, target
sector approach, district
level planning, growth
centre approach,
• Emphasised to
developing industrially
backward areas
• Comprehensive
development plans for
metropolitan regions,
new towns,
• Regional balance policy
linked to policy of
investment allocation
Fifth • Growth with social justice • Centrally sponsored projects
Plan • Use of Multi Level Planning could not succeed in political
(1974- • Dantwala Committee (block instability
1979) level planning) • But, the need for participatory
• Developing Small & decentralized planning got
Medium towns for reinforced
regulating growth of
metropolises
• Location of industries in
no industries districts
under rural
industrialisation
Sixth • Attention to development • Regional Planning got
Plan programs for backward regions momentum, however, under a
(1980- • Lays emphasis on District & centralized system
1985) Block Level Planning
• Area Plans integration with
national plans
• Hill area development
plans, special tribal
component plan
Seventh • Stressed making use of • Globilisation and liberalization
Plan Industrial location policy furthered regional disparities
(1985- • Channelize private industrial
1990) investment in small & medium
towns
• Diversion of migrant population
towards smaller towns and cities
Eighth • Central thrust – employment • Regional planning practice in
Plan with right to work, ensure basic decentralized manner
(92-97) minimum need to disadvantaged • Failed to achieve objective of
people, people’s participation in human development in social
framing & implementing the infrastructure, health sanitation
development program through education and potable water
decentralized decision making supply
process
• Issue of regional development at
both inter state and intra state,
Focus on infrastructure
development
• Participatory planning –
bottom up approach
• Strengthen institutions at
village, block and district
level to make
development plans
Ninth • Regional balance by focusing on • Decentralized planning
Plan agriculture & rural development approach has ensured better
(98-02) activities results
• Growth with social equity & • Decentralization has not taken
equality & Govt. to act as shape effectively
facilitator • State govt. have not
Tenth • Paradigm shift – performance of transferred adequate
Plan regional economies to determine functions to LBs.
(2002- national level growth rather than • Hardly any MPCs have
2007) disaggregation of the national been constituted
economic and social goals into • Comprehensive District
regional ones. plans are not been
prepared
Elevent • Focus- faster and more inclusive
h Plan growth
(2007- • Hill Area development plan,
2011) BADP, etc to continue
 Soon, after the first two plans, need to remove regional imbalances was felt.
 Political Instability, droughts, wars and most importantly, centralised planning approach were
the major reasons as to why policies could never be successfully implemented along with
diversified nature of physical, economic and social conditions that exists in the country.
 The concept of Multi level planning was used first time in the Fifth Five Year Plan, also the need
to have decentralised planning process to implement such policies got reinforced.
 Gradually, area planning took shape and decentralised planning approach started and thus,
multi level planning and regional planning got crystallised.
The need for establishing a set of regions for planning purpose for the country was realised as early as
1955, when the Housing and Regional Planning Commission set up in connection with the drafting of the
Second Five Year Plan made specific recommendations in this regard:
a. Delineation of suitable regions for the development purpose for the whole country
b. Preparation of development plans for such regions be formulated and the phasing of the above
program with targets for achievement included in Second Five Year Plan.
c. Committee recommended that the National Atlas Unit should be asked to take up the
delineation of planning regions in this country with all possible speed and to this end, the Unit
should be given all possible facilities and assistance.
Planning Commission endorsed the recommendations of the panel and suggested that the work of
delineation shall be undertaken by National Atlas Unit along with TCPO.
In past, regions have been identified for different purposes – economic, social or physical, e.g.,
power distribution regions, tribal regions, etc. Based on the earlier attempts at regionalisation of the
Indian agricultural economy where soil characteristics, climate , rainfall and water availability were
used as the principal characteristics for regionalisation, the planning commission adopted 15 agro
climatic regions approach to agricultural planning during the 8 th five year plan. This attempt at
regionalisation of the country may be grouped under 3 categories:
a. Division of the country for purpose of geographical description
b. Regions proposed by different individuals or government departments for a single or limited
purpose
c. Regions delineated for the purpose of resource development
Keeping in view, the requirements for planning regions in the country and the specific criteria which
should be looked for in delimiting a region; three major area levels of operation were visualized, namely,
macro, meso and micro.
Macro Regions
 Programs requiring interrelated solutions & comprehensive resource development

 Scale may transcend state / local govt. jurisdictions
 Units for resource investigation & analysis & working out alternative patterns of development
 Within which Mutual dependency exists
 Shall possess a high degree of self sufficiency
 E.g. North Eastern region, central peninsular
Meso regions
 Subdivisions of macro level, form primary economic units for purpose of planning
 Viable areal units for effective exploitation, conservation & utilization of resources
 Specialization in some means of production
 E.g. – Kerala coastal plain combined with sub montane plantation districts
Micro Regions
 Areas with absence of serious conflicting interests, but some unifying core interest
 Suitable units for formulation of area development plans, sufficiently close to grass root levels
 3 types
o Urban centres and the influence area around them
o Primarily rural areas with a large number of minor roads without any organizational
hierarchy influencing the entire area
o Essentially problem areas or backward areas
 E.g. Metropolitan regions
Based on aforesaid principles tentative scheme for 13 macro and 36 meso regions in India have been
formulated. For macro and meso levels data on a comparable basis, the districts were taken as the basic
unit for delimiting the regions. Some states formed part of a single macro region, e.g., Kerala; some of
the states are split of two or more, e.g., Maharashtra.

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Regional Planning in Five Year Plans :

Five Details Of Plan Observations

 Programs requiring interrelated solutions & comprehensive resource development

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