CASE STUDIES

Building Façade
Building Material
Building Function
Building Structure & Detail Construction

• How SUN influences the façade concept, the building material and the building function?
• How the energy, environmental and economic benefits have been quantified?
• How Sun responsive building affect energy efficiency?

OBJECTIVE
 THE SANDCRAWLER

ARCHITECT ANDREW BROMBERG OF AEDAS

STRUCTURAL ENGINEER ARUP SINGAPORE
SERVICES ENGINEER J ROGER PRESTON
PROGRAMME OFFICE
LOCATION FUSIONOPOLIS SINGAPORE
CONSTRUCTION STATUS COMPLETED IN 2013
PROJECT HEIGHT 74.5M
FLOOR AREA 6816.90 SQM
OWNER LUCAS REAL ESTATE SINGAPORE
SANDCRAWLER
FUSIONOPOLIS,
SINGAPORE.

1
SITE
Context
 100-seat Theatre, Office Space, Public Podium

2
BUILDING
PROGRAMME
Source: http://cdn.pursuitist.com
 Office Space
• The workspace environment of
digital artists of industrial light &
magic (ILM), which is the arm of
lucas film, create digital effects for
films.

Covered Corridor
• The walkway leading to lucas film
office space, it is well-lid by the
daylight, save on electrical
daylighting.

2
BUILDING
Source: http://bttm.co.uk/ PROGRAMME
http://geekculture.co/
 Lobby
• Skylight at the ground level
entrance lobby.

2
BUILDING
Photograph By Paul Warchol
PROGRAMME
 Courtyard
• A lush and natural ventilated public space
2
BUILDING
PROGRAMME
Photography by Marcus Oleniuk
 Raised aluminum
louvered roof

The 8-storey building is

elevated on 13m high
pilots.

Cross section

Provide privacy and security to the office space + Create lush public space
3
STRUCUTRE
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
Source: http://www.archdaily.com/?p=534778
 Raised roof is a layer of The slope reflects the
aluminum louvers – high – sloping roof
minimizes heat gain on called for by the
roof, overhang provide master planning shape
shade for terraces and rules governing the site
courtyard.

Longitudinal Section 3
STRUCUTRE
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
Source: http://www.worldarchitecturenews.com/
 Façade Details, Wall Type 5 – Stepping Façade

3
STRUCUTRE
DETAILS CONSTRUCTION
Source: Drawing by AEDAS, http://www.worldarchitecturenews.com/
 3
STRUCUTRE
DETAILS CONSTRUCTION
 Unique Statement; Strong Presence
• Glossy, Streamlined horseshoe-shape façade
• Metallic exterior = Low-iron glass with a second
metallic frit-dot inner layer.
• Achieve the desired day-lighting.
• Provide shade from the tropical island’s heat.

4
The façade of the Sandcrawler
STRATEGY
Photograph by Paul Warchol BUILDING FACADE
Unique Statement; Strong Presence
• A lush tropical garden enclosure.
• Achieve the desired day-lighting.
• Provide shade from the tropical island’s heat.

4
STRATEGY
BUILDING FACADE
Picture show the people overlooking the central courtyard. The Bird-eye view of the Sandcrawler
(Photograph by Goh Chin Lian) (Photograph by Aedas)

4
STRATEGY
BUILDING FACADE
 Solarban® 72 Starphire® Glass
• Triple-silver coated
• Solar control
• Low emissivity

4
View towards the central courtyard via the
STRATEGY
metallic façade BUILDING MATERIALS
Source: http://blog.dk.sg (Photograph by Paul Warchol)
 Visible Light Transmittance

Ideal Glass
Solar Heat Gain Coefficient
LSG = VLT / SHGC VLT higher = MORE daylight
MORE natural light is admitted through the glass.
Solar heat gain limited
LESS daytime electrical lighting

4
STRATEGY
Light to Solar Gain BUILDING MATERIALS
Source: PPG Industries Inc. 2008
 4
STRATEGY
Source: PPG Industries Inc. 2008 BUILDING MATERIALS
http://www.ppgresidentialglass.com
 Demonstrates some of other solar control low-
E glass: reduces amount of infrared energy
(HEAT) that enter building + high level of
visible light transmittance (SUNLIGHT).

Benefits:
 Can be sourced regionally through PPG
Certified Fabricator Network.
 Cradle-to-cradle Silver certification- Silver
level (material ingredient optimization)
 Manufacturer has published a stated
commitment to sustainable practices.

4
STRATEGY
BUILDING MATERIALS
Source: http://www.iossisidingandwindows.com/SolarBan70.html
THE SANDCRAWLER

• http://www.iossisidingandwindows.com/SolarBan70.html
• PPG Industries Inc. 2008, from http://www.ppgresidentialglass.com
• http://blog.dk.sg
• Drawing by AEDAS, http://www.worldarchitecturenews.com
• http://www.worldarchitecturenews.com/
• http://www.archdaily.com/?p=534778
• http://www.iossisidingandwindows.com/SolarBan70.html

5
REFERENCE
 CH2
ARCHITECT DESIGNINC
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER BONACCI GROUP
SERVICES ENGINEER LINCOLNE SCOOT
PROGRAMME CITY HALL
LOCATION 240 LITTLE COLLINS ST. MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA
CONSTRUCTION STATUS COMPLETED IN 2004
CONSTRUCTION TYPE 2B – PRECAST CONCRETE
FLOOR COUNT 10
FLOOR AREA 134,940 SQ FT
OWNER CITY OF MELBOURBE COUNCIL
AWARD 6 GREEN STAR RATING
 COUNCIL HALL 2
STR 218-242 LITTLE COLLINS ST.
MELBOURNE
AUSTRALIA

1
SITE
Context
ROOFTOP 11F

OFFICES 2F-10F

LOBBY/RETAILS GF

PARKING B1-B4
2
BUILDING
PROGRAMME
 3
STRUCUTRE
FLOOR STRUCUTRE
SHEAR WALL
CH2 by using typical construction method with shear wall, 3
columns and beam as the main structural system.
STRUCUTRE
SHEAR WALL
 3
STRUCUTRE
CEILLING CONSTRUCTION
 3
STRUCUTRE
CEILLING & FLOORING
PASSIVE CLIMATE CONTROL
The building installed an automatic night-purge windows to cool the
concrete ceilings and chilled copper tubes looped through a metal
4
structure. STRATEGY
CLIMATE CONTROL
 Cold Air
Hot Air

Office
North South

Retails

basement
4
STRATEGY
HEATING, COOLING AND
VENTILATION
 Office

North South

Retails

basement

4
STRATEGY
HEATING, COOLING AND
VENTILATION
 Chilled ceiling prototype

Chilled Beam
The chilled beam consists of chilled copper tubes looped through a metal 4
structure. The tube tie into chilled water supply and return lines running in
the cavities behind the precast concrete panel. STRATEGY
CLIMATE CONTROL
SHOWER TOWER
‘Shower towers’ on the south side of the building act
like passive cooling towers – air and water gently falls
to provide extra cool water for building reticulation
and cool air to supplement ground floor and retail
4
cooling STRATEGY
HEATING, COOLING AND
VENTILATION
 4
STRATEGY
HEATING, COOLING AND
VENTILATION
 Balcony Garden

Office
Services Services

Office

BIOMIMICRY
4
The concept come from skin system of human, creating a micro-
environment for CH2.
STRATEGY
BUILDING SKIN
 4
STRATEGY
ENVELOPE
BARK FAÇADE
The eastern core and façade used the analogy of bark. It was conceived as a
protective layer that filtered light and air into the naturally ventilated wet 4
area spaces behind. The final solution consists of two overlapping layers
of perforated metal with polycarbonate walling and fixed metal louvres. STRATEGY
FAÇADE MATERIALS
TIMBER LOUVERS
A louvers system covering the western façade with timbre
louvers able to move and photovoltaic cell to ‘track’ the sun
and glare, responding in the internal light conditions and air
quality. Timber louvers are made by recycled timber.

4
STRATEGY
FAÇADE MATERIALS
TAPERING WINDOWS 4
This to reduce the heat at upper levels.
STRATEGY
WINDOWS
•
CH2
C40: Council House 2 (CH2) New Municipal Office Building: Eco-Buildings CO2 87%,
Electricity... (2011, November 3). Retrieved March 13, 2015
• Battle, G. (2003), The Air We Breathe, in Big and Green, Princeton Architectural Press, New
York, USA.
• Benyus, J. (1997), Biomimicry –innovation inspired by nature, HarperCollins, New York,
USA.
• Davies, P. (1992), The Mind of God – Science and the search for ultimate meaning, Penguin
Group, Victoria.
• Edwards, B. (ed.) (2003), Green Buildings Pay, Spon Press, London, UK.
• Gissen, D. (ed.) (2003), Big and Green, Princeton Architectural Press, New York, USA.
• Groak, S (1992) The Idea of Building, E and FN Spon, London, UK.
• Lawson, B. (1997), How Designers think – the design process demystified, Architectural Press,
Melbourne.
• McDononough, W. and Braungart, M. (2002), Cradle to Cradle, North Point Press, New York,
USA.
• CASE STUDY: Council House 2. (2011, November 1). Retrieved March 11, 2015

5
REFERENCE
 SOLARIS
ARCHITECT TR HAMZAH & YEANG
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER ARUP
SERVICES ENGINEER CPG CORPORATION
PROGRAMME OFFICE
LOCATION SINGAPORE
CONSTRUCTION STATUS COMPLETED IN 2011
FLOOR COUNT 15
FLOOR AREA 32000 SQ M (344500 SQFT)
OWNER JTC CORPORATION
AWARD GREEN MARK PLATINIUM
 SOLARIS
SOLARIS FUSIONOPOLIS 2B,
ONE NORTH,
SINGAPORE

FUSIONOPOLIS
An integral part of the larger one-north master plan that is developed by
JTC. Together with the adjacent Biopolis and Mediapolis land parcels,
the three entities within one-north aim to become incubators for biomedical
research, new media production and high-tech software engineering
1
development in Singapore and in South East Asia. SITE
Context
Image source:(http://www.slideshare.net/estherlau798/report-singapore-bsc
 Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Year

Wind direction SSW SSW SSW SW NNE NNE NNE N NNE NNE SSW SSW SSW
Average Wind
4 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3
speed (m/s)
Average Air
28 29 29 30 30 30 29 29 29 29 28 28 29
temperature(°C)

2
Wind rose of Singapore (year)
CLIMATE
http://www.windfinder.com/windstatistics/singapore_changi
WIND ANALYSIS
 3
STRATEGY
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
FEATURES
 3
STRATEGY
Image source: http://blog.japhethlim.com/index.php/2011/06/14/green-architecture-is-underrated-a-case-study-on-solaris- ECOLOGICAL DESIGN
by-tr-hamzah-and-ken-yeang/ FEATURES
Extensive sun-shading louvers

• Limate-responsive façade design responds directly

to local sun-path.

• Singapore is at the equator and the sun-path is

almost exactly east-west.

• Facade studies analyzing the solar-path determined

the shape and depth of the sunshade louvers, which
also double as light-shelves.

• This solar shading strategy further reduces heat

transfer across the building’s low-e double-glazed
perimeter facade, contributing to an extremely low
external thermal transfer value (ettv) of 39 w/m2.

• Assist in establishing comfortable micro-climates in

habitable spaces along the building’s exterior

3
STRATEGY
LOUVERS
Atrium Skylight

• The skylight louvers system at the top of the atrium

for stack effect.

• It is a fail-safe system – upon the detection of fire

within or near its proximity (via the building’s
intelligent management system), the skylight
louvers will automatically open up to disperse potential
smoke or heat build-up due to the fire.

• Still will function even without the building’s main

power supply, in case the latter is damaged by fire.
This strategy eliminates the requirement of costly and
power hungry engineering smoke control
systems, which is commonly used in conventional
atrium design.

• Designed to close during adverse weather to shield the

occupants from rain via an array of rain detection
sensors.

3
STRATEGY
SKYLIGHT
Eco-cell

• Located at the building’s north-east corner where

the spiral ramp meets the ground

• To allows vegetation, daylight and natural

ventilation to extend into the car-park levels
below.

• Lowest level of the eco-cell contains the storage

tank and pump room of the rainwater recycling
system

3
STRATEGY
ECO-CELLS
Solar Shaft

• To allows daylight to penetrate deep into the

building’s interior.

• Internal lighting operates on a system of sensors

which reduces energy use by automatically
turning off lights when adequate day lighting is
available.

• Landscaped terraces within the solar shaft bring

added quality to adjacent spaces and enhance
views up into the building from the street below.

• Creation of refreshingly new high-rise office

interiors enhanced by ambient mood lighting
that constantly changes with the play of sunlight
and shadow.

3
STRATEGY
SKYLIGHT
 1

1. Stack effect (top left)

2. Passive Features: Grand Atrium & Solar Shaft

( bottom left)

3. Activated louvers above atrium to protect interior

spaces from rain ( top right)

3
STRATEGY
HEAT, COOLING AND
Image source:(http://www.slideshare.net/estherlau798/report-singapore-bsc VENTILATION
Planter box design

• To keep the building facade elegant, the planter

boxes on the spiral ramp are designed to be as
shallow as possible, to reduce the “bulkiness”
they would otherwise create when viewed from
the exterior.

• The lack of deep soil means that the plant

species had to be carefully selected to ensure
that their roots are able to spread horizontally,
instead of digging deep downwards for stability.

Roof top Garden + Sky Terraces

• Acts as a thermal buffer and creates areas for

event spaces, relaxation and spontaneous
social activities.

• These extensive gardens allow for interaction

between the building’s occupants and nature,
offering opportunities to experience the external
environment and enjoy views of the treetops of
adjacent one-north Park.

3
STRATEGY
GREEN FEATURES
Plant Selection
• It allows for fluid movements of
organisms and plant species between
all vegetated areas within the
building
• To enhance biodiversity and
contributing to the overall health of
these ecosystem
• To mimic natural tropical landscape
environment
• Lighting condition on each
building’s façade was consideration
factor, ensuring the chosen species
could strive in specific location

3
STRATEGY
PLANT SELECTION
 3
STRATEGY
MAINTENANCE METHOD
23rd September - 9.00 am
ECOTECH Simulation

The east direction of the sun showered on the lower

tower of Solaris. Atrium and upper floors of higher
tower illuminated.

23rd September - 12.00pm

Sunlight illuminates most of the floors of the

higher tower as well as the atrium.

23rd September – 3.00pm

Atrium and upper floors of lower tower
illuminated.

Therefore, the design of the atrium is relevant.

4
SIMULATION
ECOTECH SIMULATION
Image source:(http://www.slideshare.net/estherlau798/report-singapore-bsc
 SOLARIS
• Lau E.(2014) Report on Solaris – Singapore. Retrieved Mar 9, 2015, from
http://www.slideshare.net/estherlau798/report-singapore-bsc

• Jin F.E. (2012) In Detail: Solaris @One-North. Retrieved Mar 9, 2015, from
http://blog.cpgcorp.com.sg/?p=2118

• Building and Construction Authority (n.d). BCA Green Mark Platinum Building(Singapore). .
Retrieved Mar 10, 2014, from
http://www.bca.gov.sg/newsroom/others/pr11092013_IGBCA.pdf

• TR Hamzah & YeangSdn. Bhd..(n.d.).TR Hamzah&YeangSdn. Bhd.. Retrieved Mar 10, 2015,
from http://www.trhamzahyeang.com/project/large-buildings/solaris_01.html

• Windfinder.com - Wind and weather statistic Singapore Changi. (n.d.). Retrieved May 11,
2014, from http://www.windfinder.com/windstatistics/singapore_changi

5
REFERENCE