MBA

III Semester

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT
UNIT- I : STRATEGIC PROCESS & COMPETETIVE ADVANTAGE
Definitions – Basic Concepts for strategic management- Concept of Strategy, Strategy
Formation Process – Stakeholders in business – Vision, Mission and Purpose – Business
definition, Objectives and Goals - Corporate Governance and Social responsibility-
Competetive Advantage: External Environment - Porter’s Five Forces Model -
Competitive Changes, evolution - Globalization - - Competitive advantage Resources-
Capabilities and competencies – core competencies, Generic Building Blocks- Distinctive
Competencies-Resources and Capabilities - durability - Avoiding failures and sustaining
- Case study.
UNIT – II: STRATEGIC ANALYSIS
The generic strategy - alternatives – Stability, Expansion, Retrenchment and Combination
strategies - Business level strategy- Strategy in the Global Environment - Corporate
Strategy- Vertical Integration - Diversification and Strategic Alliances- Building and
Restructuring the corporation - Strategic analysis and choice - Environmental Threat and
Opportunity Profile (ETOP) - Organizational Capability Profile - Strategic Advantage
Profile - Corporate Portfolio Analysis - SWOT Analysis - GAP Analysis - Mc Kinsey's
7s Framework - GE 9 Cell Model - Distinctive competitiveness - Selection of matrix -
Balance Score Card - case study.
UNIT – III: STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION & EVALUATION
Implementation process, Resource allocation, Designing organizational structure,
Strategic Control Systems - Matching structure and control to strategy - Implementing
Strategic change-Politics-Power and Conflict-Techniques of strategic evaluation &
control- Managing Technology and Innovation- Strategic issues for Non Profit
organisations. New Business Models and strategies for Internet Economy, Ethical
Aspects - case study
UNIT – IV: Business Process Management
Business analysis technique: Process Analysis, Flow Diagram, Performance Measures,
Bottleneck, Starvation and Blocking, Improvement- Little's Law. Business analysis:
Basics, sub-disciplines, techniques, process improvement, Goals, Techniques - Right
requirements documentation, Improve project efficiency. Techniques: PESTLE – MOST
– SWOT – CATWOE, MoSCoW - VPEC-T – Roles of business analysts: Strategies,
Architect, Systems analyst - Business process improvement - Selection of process teams
and leader - Process analysis training - Process analysis interview- Process
documentation - Review cycle - Problem analysis - Goal of business analysis – Case
Studies
UNIT V: CMM & BUSINESS PROCESS REENGNEERING
Capability Maturity Model Integration: Overview, CMMI representation, CMMI
model framework - CMMI models, Appraisal, Achieving CMMI compliance,
Applications. Requirements analysis – Basics, Stakeholder identification, interviews -
Joint Requirements Development (JRD) Sessions - Contract-style requirement lists -
Strengths - Weaknesses - Alternative to requirement lists - Measurable goals -
Prototypes. Requirements: specification, Types. Issues of analysis, Stakeholder,
Engineer/developer - Attempted solutions – Business Process Reengineering – various
aspects - Case Studies.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Thomas L. Wheelen, J.David Hunger and Krish Rangarajan, Strategic Management
and Business policy, Pearson Education., 2006
2. Charles W.L.Hill & Gareth R.Jones, Strategic Management Theory, An Integrated
approach, Biztantra, Wiley India, 2007.
3. Azhar Kazmi, Strategic Management & Business Policy, Tata McGraw Hill.
 LEGAL ASPECTS IN BUSINESS
UNIT I: Law of Contract

Law of Contract: Meaning, Nature, Classifications and essentials of valid contract – Offer, Acceptance
and Agreement - Formation of Agreement - Consideration and Contracts - Performance of the contract -
Void Contract - Contingent Contract - Breach, Damages and compensation. Case Laws.

Sale of goods: Definition and essentials of a contract of sale - Goods and their classification - Sale and
transfer of ownership - Transfer of title by non owners – Performance - Unpaid seller and his Rights –
remedies for breach. Case Laws.

Unit – II: Law of Partnership & Negotiable Instruments act

Concept and formation of partnership - kinds of Partners - legal relations between partners - Rights of
incoming and outgoing partners - Retirement and Expulsion - Dissolution of firm. Concept of Negotiable
Instruments and its importance - Transfer of Negotiable Instruments and liability of parties - Definition of
promissory note - Cheques and bill of exchange - Holder for value and holder in due course - Types of
negotiation – consignment – rights and duties of collecting and paying bankers – forgery. - Limited
Liability Concepts. Case Laws.

UNIT III: Company Law

Nature of company - Types of company – formation - Registration of company - Memorandum of

Association - Articles of Association – Membership - Prospectus and raising of capital - Borrowing
powers of the Company - Board of Directors – Auditors – Meetings. Case Laws.

UNIT IV: Sales Tax and Central Excise Duties

Sales tax – single point and multi point sales tax – central sales tax Act,1956 - Inter - state Trade – Inter
state sales tax – The Tamil nadu General sales Tax act,1959 – Registration of dealers – Mode of charging
sales tax – Excise Duties – The central Excises and salt act 1944,VAT – MODVAT. Case Laws.

Unit – V: Emerging Trends in Business Law

Meaning, Scope, objectives, and Benefits of

(i) Cyber Law

(ii) Alternate Dispute Resolution

(iii) IT Act 2000

(iv) Consumer Protection Act, 1986 and its amendments - Case Laws.
1. N.D.Kapoor, Elements of Mercantile Law-Sultan Chand and Company, New Delhi-
1998.
2. Sen & Mitra. Arun Kumar Sen & Jitendra Kumar Mitra-Commercial and Industrial
Law - The World press, Private Ltd., Calcutta-1996.

References:
1. P.P.S.Gogna, Mercantile Law.S.Chand & Co.Ltd.New Delhi-1999(1997 Edition)
2. Dr.Vinod K.Singhania-Direct taxes planning and Management,1997 Edition
3. R.S.N. Pillai & Bagavathi “ Business Law “ Sultan Chand & Sons 1999 Edition
4. N.D.Kapoor, Busienss Laws- Sultan Chand and Company, New Delhi-2009.

PRODUCTION & OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT

Unit – I: Operations Management and Production Design

Operation function in organization-evolution of production and operations management-
systems view of operations-defining the subsystem-Managing the operations subsystems-
Frame work for managing operations - Strategic role of operations –Trends in operations
management.
Product process designating for customer, process selection types of process, process
flow structure, product process matrix, virtual factory – process flow de sign process
analysis-plant capacity - make or buy decisions Plant Location - Factors – Application
oriented problems and case studies.

Unit – II: Layout facility

Layout-Principles of good layout-layout factors-basic types of layout product layout,
group technology layout, fixed position layout, retail service layout-Principles of
materials Handling - Materials handling equipment.
Job-design: Effective job design-combining engineering and behavioral approaches,
work measurement-method analysis-Ergonomics- case studies

Unit – III: Production and Inventory Control:

Basic types of production - Intermittent, Batch, Continuous-Routing. Scheduling,
Activating and Monitoring-Basic Inventory Models-Economic Order Quantity, Economic
Batch quantity-Reorder point-Safety stock-Classification and codification of Stock-ABC
classification-procedure for stock control, Materials Requirement Planning (MRP) -
Application oriented problems and case studies.
Unit – IV: Maintenance and Quality Systems
Preventive vs. Breakdown maintenance-Breakdown time distribution-maintenance cost
balance-procedure for maintenance. Quality Control: Purpose of Inspection and quality
control – Quality circle - Acceptance sampling by variables and attributes – Control

charts for variables X chart, R chart - fraction defectives and defects – Operating
Characteristics curve – ISO Certification procedures for Industries – Application oriented
problems and case studies.
Unit – V: Methods analysis and Work Measurement:
Methods study procedures- Purpose of time study-Stop watch time study-Performance
rating-allowance factors-standard time-work sampling technique.

Text Books:
1. Production Management-Edword S.Buffa.
2. Chase, Acquilano, Jacobs Production and Operations Management, Tata McGraw
Hill 1999.
3. O.P Khanna Industrial Engineering and Management , Dhanpat Rai Publications P
Ltd,1999
4. Materials Management-Gopalakrishnan.
5. Panneer Selvam.R, Production and Operations Management
References:
1. Steven Nahmias, Production and Operations Analysis.
2. William J.Stevenson – Production and Operations Management
3. Raymond Myer, Production Management

CORPORATE FINANCE

UNIT I INDUSTRIAL FINANCE

Corporate/Business Finance - Financial Management – Functions of Financial
Manager - Acquisition of funds – Sources - Indian Capital Market – Long term finance -
Equity – Debenture – Guidelines from SEBI - Advantages and disadvantages and cost of
various sources of Finance – Finance from International sources – Financing of exports –
Role of EXIM Bank.
UNIT II SHORT TERM FINANCE
Working capital – Estimating working capital requirements - Working capital
finance from commercial banks and financial institutions - Sources – Trade credit –
Factoring – Bills of Exchange – Public Deposits – Commercial Paper – Inter corporate
investments.
UNIT III ADVANCED FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
Appraisal of Risky Investments – General techniques - Risk adjusted discount
rate - Certainty equivalent coefficient – Quantitative Techniques - Cash flows and risk
analysis in the context of DCF methods - Sensitivity analysis - Probability assignment -
Decision tree approach in investment decisions.
UNIT IV FINANCING DECISIONS
Inflation and financial decisions – Funds requirement decision – Financing
decision – Investment decision – Dividend decision – Inter dependence of Investment,
Financing and Dividend decisions.
UNIT V CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Corporate governance – SEBI Guidelines – Corporate Ethics – Corporate Social
Responsibility – Ethics for stakeholders – Ethics for managers.
Text Books:
1. I.M.Pandey, 'Financial Management', Vikas Publishing House Pvt., Ltd., 8th ed, 2004.
2. Machiraju, 'Indian Financial System', Vikas Publishing House P.Ltd, 2nd ed, 2002.
3. Richard A. Brealey, Stewat C. Myers and Mohanthy, Principles of Corporate Finance,
Tata McGraw Hill, 8th ed, 2008.
References:

1. Thomas E.Copeland and J.Fred Weston – 'Financial Theory & Corporate Policy',
Addison – Wesley Publishing Company.

2. Brigham and Ehrhardt, Corporate Finance – A focused approach, Cengage Learning,

1st Edition, 2008.

3. M.Y. Khan, Indian Financial System, Tata McGraw Hill, 5th Edition, 2008.
4. Dr. S.N. Maheshwari, Financial Management – Principles and Practice, Sultan Chand
& Sons.

5. Krishnamurthy and Viswanathan, Advanced Corporate Finance, PHI Learning, 2008.

6. Raj Aggarwal – 'Capital budgeting under uncertainty'. Prentice Hall Englewood

Cliffs, New Jersey, 1993.

7. Cooley – 'Advances in Business Financial Management', The Dryden Press – 1990.

8. Comparative Corporate Governance: 'The State of the Art and Emerging Research',
by Klaus Hopt.

9. Rose, Fundamentals of Corporate Finance, Tata McGraw Hill Publications.

10. S. K. Naikk, Corporate Finance, Deep & Deep Publications.

11. www.sebi.gov.in

12. www.rbi.org.in
 BANKING AND FINANCIAL SERVICES

Unit I: Indian Financial system

An overview– Origin and growth of Banking – Types of Banks – Non-Banking Financial
Companies: Meaning – Features - Role of NBFC in India. Nature and Functions of
Merchant Banking - Regulation of Merchant Banking - Present State of Merchant
Banking in India.
Unit II: Commercial Banks & Factoring
Commercial Banks – Structure of Indian Commercial Banking system - Recent trends in
Commercial Banking – Reserve Bank of India – Functions – Credit Control Techniques –
Role of Central Banks in Developing countries - Issues of Factoring Services -
International Factoring.
Unit III: Financial Institutions
Financial Institutions – Role of Financial Institutions – Development Banking Institutions
– IDBI, IFCI, ICICI, IRBI – NABARD, SIDBI – EXIM Bank – Objectives and
Functions.
Unit IV: Mutual Funds & Venture Capital
Types of Mutual Funds - Mutual Funds in India- Developing, Launching and Marketing
of Schemes - Computation and Relevance of NAV - Offshore Mutual Funds and Money
Market Mutual Funds - Regulation of Mutual Funds - Techniques of Investment
Analysis. Venture capital - Angel financing - Ethical Considerations in Financial Services
Unit V: Leasing and Hire Purchasing
Leasing – Hire purchasing – Consumer credit – Credit cards – Real Estate Financing –
Bills discounting – Factoring and Forfaiting – Credit Rating system – Growth factors -
CRISIL Ratings for short term instruments - Credit rating process.

References:
1. E.Gordon & K.Natarajan, Financial Market And Institutions, HPH, 2004
2. “L.M.bhole”, Financial Institutions and Markets, 4th edition, TMH, 2008.
3. “Dr.S.Gurusamy”, Financial Services, Vijay Nicole, 2005.
4. “Dr.S.Gurusamy”, Financial Services and System, Thomson, 2004.
5. “Meera Sharma”, Management of Financial Institutions, PHI, 2008.
6. “Avadhani .A”, Marketing of Financial services and Markets, Himalaya Publishing
House.
7. “Herbel.J.Johnson”, Financial Institutions & Markets, TMH.
8. M.Y.Khan, Financial Services, Tata McGraw-Hill, 11th Edition, 2008
9. Nalini Prava Tripathy, Financial Services, PHI Learning, 2008.
10. Machiraju, Indian Financial System, Vikas Publishing House, 2nd Edition, 2002.
11. J.C.Verma, A Manual of Merchant Banking, Bharath Publishing House, New Delhi.
12. Website of SEBI
 MARKETING RESEARCH AND CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR

Unit-I: Basics of Marketing Research

Nature and Scope of MR – Evolution and Roles – Qualities of Marketing Research

Manager - Organization of Market Research Department - Market Research vs.
Marketing Research – Marketing Research process – Research Design: Exploratory,
Descriptive and Experimental Research design – Case studies.

Unit-II: Data Collection

Sources of primary and secondary data – Evaluating secondary data – Method of primary
data collection: Survey, Observation method – Questionnaire design - Questionnaire Vs
Interview schedule-Sampling techniques: Sampling procedure, sampling methods –
Processing of collected data – Case studies.

Unit-III: Research Reports, Applications & Ethics in Marketing Research

Research Proposal - Types of reports – Steps in writing research report - Techniques of

writing research report – Precautions for preparing research report. New product research
- Sales control research – pricing research – Case studies. Ethics in Marketing Research
- Treatment of respondents - buyers & researchers - international code of marketing
research Practice

Unit-IV: Basic concept of Consumer Behaviour

Definition and Scope of Consumer behaviour - Models of consumer behavior: Economic

model, learning model, Sociological model, Nicosia model, Psycho-analytical model-
Influence of Personality, Perception, and consumer’s attitude on Consumer behaviour –
Influence of culture on Consumer behaviour – Case studies.

Unit-V: Consumer’s Decision making process:

Consumer life style –Consumerism- Consumer legislations - Reference group- opinion

leadership – Case studies.
Text Books:
1. Luck.D.J & Rubin.R.S., “Marketing Research”, Prentice Hall of India.
2. Schiffiman, “Consumer Behaviour”, Prentice Hall of India, 2001.
3. Suja R.Nair, “ Consumer Behaviour in Indian perspective: Text and cases”,
Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai.
4. Churchill, Marketing Research: Methodological Foundations, Cengage Learning,
2007

5. Srivastava.K.K., & Sujatha Khandai, “ Consumer Behaviour in Indian Context” ,

Galgotia Publishing company, New Delhi.
Reference Books:
1. Sharma.D.D., “Marketing Research: Principles, Applications and Cases”, Sultan
Chand & Sons, New Delhi.
2. Boyd, Westfall & Stasch, “Marketing Research”, A.I.T.B.S. Publications.
3. Kinnear.C.Thomas & Taylor R.James, “Marketing Research: an Applied
Research”, McGraw Hill Publications.
4. Kothari.C.R., “Research Methodology: Method and Techniques”, Wishprakasam,
New Delhi.
5. Saravanavel .P & S.Sumathi, “Marketing Research and Consumer Behaviour”,
Vikas Publications
6. Gupta.S.L., & Smitra paul, “Consumer Behaviour: An Indian Perspective text
and cases”, Sultanchand & Sons, New Delhi.
7. Roger D.Blackwell, “Consumer Behaviour”, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing, 2001.
8. Journal of Marketing Research, (JMR)
9. Indian Journal of Marketing
 ADVERTISING AND SALES PROMOTIONS
UNIT I: CONCEPT OF ADVERTISING

Advertisement – Definition, objectives, types and functions - Nature & role of

advertising - Advertising & marketing mix - advertising strategy and its process –
advertising planning and organization - Evaluation of advertising – benefits - economic
aspects - ethics in advertising – case studies

UNIT II: ADVERTISEMENT CAMPAIGN AND MEDIA

Advertisement campaign process- objectives – design strategy - Advertising layout -

Layout design & preparation - Ad effectiveness research - – kinds of media – Media
Selection – Media plan – Media cost and availability – Matching Media and market –
Geographical selectivity – Media Strategy – Media Mix – Media scheduling – Measuring
techniques – case studies.

UNIT III: ADVERTISING DESIGN & AGENCY

Advertising appeals – Advertising copy – Visualization & layout – writing Ad

copy in print – Broadcasting commercials – copywriting for outdoor and transmit media -
Advertising agency - Advertising agency department – functions of Advertising agency –
functions of Advertising manager – types of advertising agencies - Advertising budget –
Administering the budget - appraisal of advertising – case studies.

UNIT IV: INTRODUCTION TO SALES PROMOTION

Definition – Objectives, importance, scope and roles and types of sale promotion - sales
promotion techniques: trade oriented and consumer oriented - Requirement identification
- Sponsoring events - sales promotion through merchandising - limitations of sales
promotion – case studies.

UNIT V: SALES PROMOTION CAMPAIGN

Promotion campaign – organizing sales promotion campaign - involvement of salesmen

and dealers – out sourcing sales promotion national and international promotion
strategies – Integrated promotion – Coordination within the various promotion techniques
– online sales promotions - Direct marketing – personal selling – case studies.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Shimp, Advertising and Promotion: An IMC Approach, Cengage Learning, 2007
2. O’ Guinn, Advertising and Integrated Brand Promotion, Cengage Learning, 2006
3. Williams. F. Arens”, Contemporary Advertising, TMH, 2006.
4. “Batra, Myers and Aaker”, Adwertising Management , 5th edition, PHI, 2007.
5. “Larry.D.Kelley and Donald.W.Jugenheimer”, Advertising Media Planning: A
Brand Management Approach, PHI, 2007.
6. “William Wells, John Burnett and Sandra Moriarty”, Advertising: Principles and
Practice, 6th edition, PHI, 2007
7. Mishra. M. N., Sales Promotion, HPH, Mumbai.
8. George Belch and Michael Belch, Advertising and Promotion.

9. Manendra Mohan, Advertising, TMH.

 STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

UNIT - I: Foundations of Strategic HRM

Conceptual Framework of HRM- Strategic HRM: aim, approaches, limitations, types of
HR Strategies, Criteria for an effective strategy - Strategic roles of HR Competencies -
Aligning HR Strategies with Business Strategies - Strategic Planning process and Human
Resource Role and Contribution – Case studies
UNIT- II: Practice of Strategic HRM
Formulating and implementing – Fund medal processes – Characteristics – Developing
HR Strategies – setting out the strategies - conducting strategic reviews – Implementing
impacts – concepts in practice – Roles : Top Management, Front Line Management, HR
director, HR Specialists - HR Audit: A diagnostic tool for aligning with strategy -
Proactive role of strategic HRM - Case studies.
UNIT – III: HR Strategies
Strategies for improving organizational effectiveness, development, transformation, -
cultural management, knowledge management, commitment, developing a climate of
trust, quality management and customer services – Learning strategies, learning
organizational strategies, Individual learning strategies. Case Studies.
UNIT – IV: Resourcing and Reward Strategy
Resourcing: concepts, definitions, objectives, approaches, bundling, activities,
components, and resource plan – over view of retention strategy - Retaining best people,
knowledge workers. – Flexible strategies – talent management strategies - Employee
Resorting strategy: Recruiting strategy: Strategies for hiring talent - selection norms -
talent crisis - Recruiters strategic approaches. – Reward strategies: Concepts, definitions,
characteristics, objectives, structure, content, guiding principles, development process,
and effective relationship with line management capability. Case Studies.
UNIT – V: Organizational Strategies and Employee relationship Strategy
Strategic approach in designing organization - Emerging challenges due to new
workplace changes - Ethical concerns in HR management - Managing ethical behavior -
Corporate Ethics, Values and SHRM - Competencies of HR professional in a SHRM
scenario. Employee Relationship Strategy: Definition – Concerns of employee
relationship strategy – Strategic direction – backgrounds to employees – HRM approach
to employee relations – Policy options – formulating employee relationship strategies –
Partnership Agreements – Employees Voice Strategies. Case Studies.

Text Book:

1. MiChael Armstrong, Strategic Human Resource Management: A Guide to Action,

Kogan Page, London – 2006.
2. Bhatia S.K., Strategic Human Resource Management: Winning through People:
Concepts, Practices and Emerging Trends, Deep and Deep Pub, 2007.

Reference Books
1. Jeffrey A. Mello, “Strategic Human Resource Management”, Thompson, Singapore,
Southern Western 2003.
2. Robert L. Mathis and John H. Jackson, “Human Resource Management”, Thompson,
Singapore, Southern Western 2003.
3. Rosemary Harrison, “Employee Development”, University Press, New Delhi, 2003.
4. Strategic Management - Gregory Dess and Allex Miller
5. Strategic HRM – Jeffery Mello, Thompson publication, New Delhi
6. Strategic HRM- Charles Greer, Pearson education Asia , New Delhi
7. Strategic HRM-Michael Armstrong, Kogan page , London
8. Strategic HRM- Agrwal, Oxford University press , New Delhi
9. Human Resource Management- Garry desseler, PHI, New Delhi
 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOUR WELFARE

UNIT I: Basics of Industrial Relations:

Concept Importance, Scope, Impact Factors – Approaches – Dimensions – Prerequisite –
Successful Relations – Evolution of Industrial System –Conflicts – Essentials of Disputes
– Classifications – Impact of Disputes – Need of Industrial Peace - Case Studies.
UNIT II: Trade Unions & Collective Bargaining
Need – Objectives – Functions – Structures – Obstacles - Features - Management of
Trade Unions in India. Labour Movement – Reason for Movement – Trade Unions India.
Collective Bargaining - Concepts - Nature - The Legal framework - Negotiating
Techniques & Skills- Workers Participation in Management-. Content and Coverage of
Collective Bargaining Agreement – National Commission on Labour - Status in India -
Case Studies.
Unit – III: Grievances, Discipline & Safety

Concepts – causes – procedure for settlement – procedure in India - Employee discipline

– types – essentials of good disciplinary system – Procedure for taking disciplinary action
- Hot stove Rule – kinds of punishment - Indian law on punishment - causes if
indiscipline. Causes of Accidents – Prevention – Safety Provisions – Industrial Health
and Hygiene – Importance – Problems – Occupational Hazards – Diseases –
Psychological problems – Counseling – Statutory Provisions – Case Studies.

Unit – IV: Labour Welfare

Meaning – principles – features – Need – scope – approaches - types of labour welfare

services – labour welfare in India – worker education in India – machineries connected
with labour welfare work – appraisal of welfare services- National Commission on
Labour Recommendations – social security – International Labour Organization – case
studies.

Unit –V: Workers Participation Management

Concept – evolution – objectives – forms of participation – levels of participation –
influencing factors –participative schemes in industrially advanced countries – the Indian
scene - Forms of workers participation in India – case studies.
References
1. C.S.Venkata Ratnam”, Industrial Relations, Oxford University Press, 2006.
2. Mamorio,Mamoria,Gankar”,Dynamics of Industrial Relation, Himalaya Publishing
House, 2008.
3. Ratna Sen”,Industrial Relations in India, Macmillan, 2007.
4. Monal Arora”, Industrial Relations, Excel Books, 2007.
5. B.D.Singh,”Industrial Relations, Excel Books, 2005.
6. T.N.Chhabra and R.K.Suri”, Industrial Relations, Dhanpat Rai & co, 20005.
7. S.C.Srivastava”, Industrial Relations & Labour Laws, Vikas Publishing Pvt. Ltd.,
2007
8. R.S.Davar”, Personnal Management, Vikas,2007.
9. Prof.M.V.Pylee”, Industrial Relations & Personnal Management, Vikas, 2007.
10. B.D.Singh”, Labour Laws for Managers, Excel Books, 2007.