22jul201505070413 Gautam Choubey

Journal of Material Science and Mechanical Engineering (JMSME)
Print ISSN : 2339-9095; Online ISSN : 2393-9109; Volume 2, Number 6; April – June, 2015 pp 45 – 49
Krishi Sanskriti Publications
http://www.krishisanskriti.org/jmsme.html
Numerical analysis of performance of Tubular

Heat Exchanger using Nano fluid
Anupam Choubey1, D.H Das2, Gautam Choubey 3
1
B.Tech Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, N.I.T Silchar, Assam, India
1
+919435596159, 1anupamnits@gmail.com
2
Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, N.I.T Silchar, Assam, India
2
+91 9435596052, 2dhd@mech.nits.ac.in
3
Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, N.I.T Silchar, Assam, India
3
+919508361030, 3gautam_dadaa@yahoo.com
Abstract: The current research aims at analyzing the heat transfer coefficient of nanofluids. Many studies evaluated the
rate of the nano particles with double tube heat exchanger. convective heat transfer of nanofluids [7–10]. For example it
Graphene, the nano particle under consideration, can be prepared has been shown that alumina–water nanofluids at 6 vol% can
using Hummers and Offeman method. The analysis has been done increase the heat transfer coefficient in the entrance and fully
with the help of Ansys14 Fluent software. The physical properties
(density, thermal conductivity, specific heat, viscosity) of the nano
developed regions by 17% and 27%, respectively, when
particles are taken from a standard journal and analyzed in a double compared with pure water. Here we performed simulation
tube heat exchanger. The simulation is done using the Ansys fluent using water as working fluid, graphene 1 solution (0.05% by
for a particular concentration of graphene and the results are found weight),graphene 2 solution (0.075% by weight) in a tubular
to be almost similar. Hence the result obtained is standardized. The heat exchanger and comparing it with the results obtained in
analysis is done for various concentration of graphene i.e. graphene experiment. Also we performed simulation using graphene 1
1(0.05% by weight) and graphene 2(0.075% by weight) with solution (0.05% by weight) in a tubular heat exchanger by
corresponding properties and analysis has been continued by making providing grooves and compared it with the results obtained
grooves on the outer surface of the inner tube in case of double tube with that of without groove.
heat exchanger. It has been found that the performance and heat
transfer rate of double tube heat exchanger with grooving is better
than that of without grooving. 2. FLOW MODELING AND SIMULATION
Index Terms: Nanofluids, Convective heat transfer, Laminar flow, The computational model and its dimensions used is similar to
Graphene that used by Ahmad Ghozatloo, Alimorad Rashidi, Mojtaba
Shariaty-Niassar for their research work. All the 3D models
are generated using ICEM-CFD and computational analysis
1. INTRODUCTION are done by using ANSYS 14-Fluent software. Boundary
Conditions are same as experimental work that is taken from
Nanofluids are suspensions that can be obtained by dispersing Ahmad Ghozatloo, Alimorad Rashidi, Mojtaba Shariaty-
different nanoparticles in host fluids with the aim of enhanced Niassar (Convective heat transfer enhancement of graphene
thermal properties [1]. Over the past few years, it has been nanofluids in shell and tube heat exchanger).
shown that nanofluids are able to remarkably improve the
thermal conductivity, stability and heat transfer coefficient and Three types of boundaries are applied: inflow, outflow and
reduce the consumed power and the costs [2–5]. These fixed walls and the fluid flow is considered to be laminar.
advantages made a growing tendency in the use of nanofluids Also no slip condition is applied on fixed walls.
in different types of heat exchangers, due to the optimized
energy consumption. Hence, discovering suitable nanofluids
with improved heat transfer properties and high thermal
conductivity became a serious challenge. More specifically
graphene water-based nanofluids reveal great improvements,
which is owing to the high thermal conductivity of graphene
[6]. The experimental studies have reported significant
enhancement on the thermal conductivity and heat transfer
46 Anupam Choubey, D.H Das, Gautam Choubey
2.1 Computational Configuration of Heat Exchanger
Outlet
Inlet
Outer inlet
1000 mm
Outer outlet
Figure 1: Configuration of the outer face Figure 4: Meshing of double tube heat exchanger
2.3 Grid independent test

42.4mm
33mm Grid convergence is the term used to describe minimization of
the error and improvement of results by using successively
smaller cell sizes for calculations. A calculation should
approach the correct answer as the mesh becomes finer; hence
the term grid convergence comes to picture.
35mm Here Grid independence Test is carried out here to analyze the
40mm effect of grid number on the maximum static temperature of
the flow field.
Figure 2: Dimensions of the heat exchanger
Grooved surface
Figure 3: Configuration showing the grooved surface
2.2 Meshing and grid generation

Figure 5: Variation of temperature with number of elements
As Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) has developed, better
algorithms and more computational power have become From the graph it is evident that grid independence test was
available to CFD analysts, resulting in diverse solver successful and the variation in maximum static temperature
techniques. One of the direct results of this development has value dies out as the number of meshing elements increases
been the expansion of available mesh elements and mesh and the stable value is achieved for a minimum value of
connectivity (how cells are connected to one another). Grid number of elements equal to 2,80,000 and onwards. The graph
generation is done using mesh type: tetra-mixed and mesh (figure 5) shows that after attaining certain value of number of
method- robust (octree). elements, the physical properties almost become stationary i.e.
the maximum number of elements has been reached.
Journal of Material Science and Mechanical Engineering

Print ISSN : 2349-9095; Online ISSN : 2393-9109; Volume 2, Number 6; April – June, 2015
Numerical analysis of performance of Tubular Heat Exchanger using Nano fluid 47
Table 1: Boundary Conditions
Inlet temperature of cold fluid ( oC) 25
Inlet temperature of hot fluid (oC) 55
Velocity of cold fluid at inlet (m/s) 15.5
Velocity of hot fluid at inlet (m/s) 20
Heat flux at outer wall (W/m2) 5429
Heat flux at inner wall (W/m2) 2142.32
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Here we describe the results obtained from simulation work. Figure 7: Contours of static temperature
The figure 7 shows the variation of static temperature along

the length of the tube for graphene1. The static temperature
varies from 25°C to 59.1°C.
3.1 Validation of CFD Work
The results that were obtained by Ahmad Ghozatloo,

Alimorad Rashidi, Mojtaba Shariaty-Niassar in their
experimental practice was verified with the help of ANSYS
fluent’ 14 software, and the computational results were in
quite a good agreement with the experimental results.
Figure 8: Temperature variation for graphene1 with grooving
The figure 8 shows the variation of static temperature along

the length of double tube heat exchanger when grooving was
incorporated on the outer surface of the inner tube and
graphene 1 was used as a cold fluid.
Figure 6: Heat transfer coefficient h (W/m2.K) with (x/L) for

water.
The graph figure 6 shows the variation of heat transfer

coefficient h (W/m2.K) with (x/L) for water along the length
of the tube based on experimental as well as computational
results.

48 Anupam Choubey, D.H Das, Gautam Choubey
Figure 9: Heat transfer coefficient h (W/m2.K) with (x/L) for

graphene1 Figure 12: Heat transfer coefficient h (W/m2.K) with (x/L) for
graphene2
From the figure 9 it can be easily inferred that the
incorporation of grooving in the heat exchanger has significant From the graph it can be easily inferred that with the provision
effect on heat transfer coefficient and an average of 8.48% for grooving on the outer surface of heat exchanger the heat
increment in heat transfer coefficient value has been observed. transfer coefficient also increases and this increment is on an
average 10.51%.
Figure10: Contour Variation for Graphene2 without grooving

The figure 10 shows the variation of static temperature for a
double tube heat exchanger without grooving and when
graphene 2 was used as a cold fluid. Figure.13 Heat transfer coefficient h (W/m2.K) with (x/L) for
graphene1 and graphene2
The Figure 13 shows the variation of heat transfer coefficient

h (W/m2.K) with (x/L) for graphene1 and graphene2 with and
without grooving. The maximum heat transfer coefficient has
been obtained for graphene2 when grooving was incorporated
on the outer surface of the inner tube.
4. CONCLUSION
The computational work has verified the results obtained by

Ahmad Ghozatloo, Alimorad Rashidi, and Mojtaba Shariaty-
Niassar for their research work. The increment in heat transfer
coefficient values with the increment in the concentration of
graphene in water based nanofluid solution are the findings of
the research work. Provision for grooving on the outer surface
of the inner tube of the heat exchanger is also made in this
research work and it has been found that grooving helps in
Figure.11: Contour variation for graphene2 with grooving enhancing the heat transfer coefficient value significantly.

Numerical analysis of performance of Tubular Heat Exchanger using Nano fluid 49
When graphene1 and graphene2 were compared an increment

of 4.67% (average value) was observed.
When grooving was incorporated the increment in heat
transfer coefficient value for graphene1 was 8.48% (average
value) and for graphene2 it was 10.51% (average value).So an
overall increment in heat transfer coefficient for graphene 2
with grooving is observed.
5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The author would like to thank the Mechanical Engineering
Department of National Institute of Technology (NIT Silchar)
for providing Computational Fluid Mechanics Lab of NIT
Silchar to carry out the research work.
6. REFERENCES
[1] France, J.L. Routbort, S.U.S. Choi, Review and
comparison of nanofluid thermal conductivity and heat
transfer enhancements, Heat Transfer Eng. 29 (5)
(2008)432–460.
[2] S. Zeinali Heris, S.Gh. Etemad, M. Nasr Esfahany,
Experimental investigation of oxide nanofluids laminar
flow convective heat transfer, Int. Commun. Heat Mass
Transfer 33 (4) (2006) 529–535.
[3] D. Wen, Y. Ding, Experimental investigation into
convective heat transfer of nanofluids at the entrance
region under laminar flow conditions, Int. J. Heat Mass
Transfer 47 (24) (2004) 5181–5188.
[4] W. Daungthongsuk, S. Wongwises, A critical review of
convective heat transfer of nanofluids, Renew. Sustain.
Energy Rev. 11 (5) (2007) 797–817.
[5] S. Kakaç, A. Pramuanjaroenkij, Review of convective
heat transfer enhancement with nanofluids, Int. J. Heat
Mass Transfer 52 (13–14) (2009) 3187–3196.
[6] A.A. Balandin, S. Ghosh, W. Bao, I. Calizo, D.
Teweldebrhan, F. Miao, C.N. Lau, Superior thermal
conductivity of single-layer graphene, Nano Lett. 8 (3)
(2008)902–907.
[7] B.C. Pak, Y.I. Cho, Hydrodynamic and heat transfer study
of dispersed fluids with submicron metallic oxide
particles, Exp. Heat Transfer 11 (1999) 151–170.
[8] Y.M. Xuan, Q. Li, Investigation on convective heat
transfer and flow features of nanofluids, ASME J. Heat
Transfer 125 (2003) 151–155.
[9] Y. Yang, Z.G. Zhong, E.A. Grulke, W.B. Anderson, G.
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(24) (2004) 5181–5188.


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Journal of Material Science and Mechanical Engineering (JMSME)

Numerical analysis of performance of Tubular

2.1 Computational Configuration of Heat Exchanger

2.3 Grid independent test

Figure 2: Dimensions of the heat exchanger

Figure 3: Configuration showing the grooved surface

2.2 Meshing and grid generation

Journal of Material Science and Mechanical Engineering

Table 1: Boundary Conditions

Inlet temperature of cold fluid ( oC) 25

Inlet temperature of hot fluid (oC) 55

Velocity of cold fluid at inlet (m/s) 15.5

Velocity of hot fluid at inlet (m/s) 20

Heat flux at outer wall (W/m2) 5429

Heat flux at inner wall (W/m2) 2142.32

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The figure 7 shows the variation of static temperature along

The results that were obtained by Ahmad Ghozatloo,

Figure 8: Temperature variation for graphene1 with grooving

The figure 8 shows the variation of static temperature along

Figure 6: Heat transfer coefficient h (W/m2.K) with (x/L) for

The graph figure 6 shows the variation of heat transfer

Journal of Material Science and Mechanical Engineering

Figure 9: Heat transfer coefficient h (W/m2.K) with (x/L) for

Figure10: Contour Variation for Graphene2 without grooving

The Figure 13 shows the variation of heat transfer coefficient

The computational work has verified the results obtained by

Journal of Material Science and Mechanical Engineering

When graphene1 and graphene2 were compared an increment

Journal of Material Science and Mechanical Engineering

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