CERTCDAVAO DIAGNOSTIC EXAM EST

Electronics Engineering
Instruction: Select the correct answer for each of the following questions. 13. In PCM system, the minimum sampling rate is
Mark only one answer for each item by shading the box corresponding to A. twice the highest audio input frequency *
the letter of your choice on the answer sheet provided. B. twice the lowest audio input frequency
C. twice the highest carrier frequency
Strictly no erasures allowed. Use pencil no. 1 only. D. not a function of audio signal nor carrier
NOTE: Whenever you come across a caret (^) sign, it means
exponentiation. 14. In order to reduce quantizing noise, one must
a. increase the number of standard amplitudes*
b. send pulses whose sides are more nearly vertical
1. What type of wave has a rise time significantly faster than its fall c. use an RF amplifier in the receiver
time (or vice versa)? d. increase the number of samples per second
A. A sawtooth wave * C. A cosine wave
B. A square wave D. A sine wave 15. The modulator transmits symbols, each of which has 32 different
possible states, 10,000 times per second. How much is the bit rate?
2. What is the period of a wave? A. 64 kbps B. 50 kbps* C. 60 kbps D. none
A. The time required to complete one cycle *
B. The number of degrees in one cycle 16. Find the maximum dynamic range for a linear PCM system using
C. The number of zero crossings in one cycle 16-bit quantizing.
D. The amplitude of the wave A. 11.12 dB B. 76.45 dB C. 255 dB D. 98.08 dB*

3. Indicate the false statement. Fourier analysis shows that a sawtooth 17. When measuring the voice channel at a –4dB test point level, the
wave consist of meter reads –76 dBm. Calculate the reading in dBrnC0?
a. fundamental and subharmonic sine waves* A. 80 * B. 18 C. 8 D. 28
b. a fundamental sine wave and an infinite number of harmonics
c. fundamental and harmonic sine waves whose amplitude 18. A direct sequence spread-spectrum system uses FSK with a
decreases with the harmonic number chipping rate of 20 to 1. The signal-to-noise ratio for the spread
d. sinusoidal voltages, some of which are small enough to ignore in signal is –6 dB (that is, the signal is 5 dB weaker than the noise in
practice the same bandwidth). If the data is transmitted at 50 kbps, What is
the signal-to-noise ratio for the despread signal at the receiver?
4. Indicate the false statement regarding the advantages of SSB over A. 8 dB B. 15 dB C. 16 dB D. 7 dB*
double sideband, full-carrier AM
a. More channel space is available. 19. What should be done to increase the transmission distance at
b. Transmitter circuits must be more stable, giving better reception.* frequencies higher than HF bands?
c. The signal is more noise-resistant A. increase antenna gain C. increase antenna height*
d. Much less power is required for the same signal strength B. increase transmitter power D. increase receiver sensitivity

5. Maximum frequency deviation of a FM signal occurs at 20. A open-circuited transmission line less than quarter-wavelength
A. zero-crossing points long.
B. peak positive amplitudes A. inductive C. parallel resonant circuit
C. peak negative amplitude B. capacitive* D. series resonant circuit
D. peak positive and negative amplitude*
21. Audio signals are not propagated directly to space because_____.
6. A phase-locked loop has a VCO with a free-running frequency of 14 A. to do so will entail additional costs.
MHz. As the frequency of the reference input is gradually raised B. the signal will be highly attenuated
from zero, the loop locks at 12 MHz and comes out again at 18 C. they will require antennas that are too long *
MHz. Find the hold-in range. D. the signal that will be propagated will be too weak
A. 10 MHz B. 15 MHz C. 4 MHz* D. 8 MHz
22. A dipole antenna has an efficiency of 95%. Calculate the gain in
7. A three-stage has stages with the following specifications: First decibels.
stage with power gain and noise figure of 10 and 2 respectively, 25 A. 3.51 dB B. 1.93 dB * C. 1.64 Db D. 1.87 Db
and 4 for the second stage and 30 and 5 for the third stage. Find
the noise temperature. 23. A radio communication link is to be established via the ionosphere.
A. 382 K* B. 435 K C. 328 K D. 358 K The maximum virtual height of the layer is 110 km. at the midpoint
of the path and the critical frequency is 4 MHz. If the distance
8. The noise produced by a resistor is to be amplified by a noiseless between the radio stations is 500 km, what is the suitable value for
amplifier having a voltage gain of 75 and a bandwidth of 100 kHz. A the optimum working frequency? Use flat terrain analysis.
sensitive meter at the output reads 240 microvolts rms. Assuming A. 2.8 MHz B. 4.7 MHz C. 8.4 MHz* D. 9.1 MHz
operation at 37 degrees, calculate the resistor’s resistance.
A. 4 kilo ohms C. 6 kilo ohms * 24. A TV tower has a height of 200 m. What is the maximum distance
B. 5 kilo ohms D. 7 kilo ohms up to which TV transmission can be received?
A. 35.77 km* B. 32.7 km C. 50.6 km D. 40.77 km
9. Determine the peak frequency deviation ad modulation index (m) for
an FM modulator with a deviation sensitivity K1 = 5 kHz/V and a 25. A certain antenna has a gain of 9 dB with respect to an isotropic
modulating signal vm(t) = 2 cos (2pi2000t). radiator. How much power would it absorb from a signal with a field
A. 5* B. 4 C. 3 D. 2 strength of 36 uV/m if the frequency is 200 MHz?
A. 3.08 pW B. 5.95 pW C. 8.03 pW D. 4.88 pW*
10. A transistor has a power dissipation rating of 30 W. Assuming that
the transistors is the only element that dissipates power in the 26. A 500 kHz antenna radiate 500W of power. The same antenna
circuit, calculate the power an amplifier, using this transistor, could produces a field strength equal to 1.5 mV/m. If the power delivered
deliver to the load if it operates as class-A with an efficiency of 30% by the antenna is increased by 650 W, what would be the expected
A. 35.7 W B. 7.5 W C. 22.5 W D. 12.86 W * filed intensity.
A. 1.06 mV B. 3.1 mV C. 2.12 mV D. 2.27 mV*
11. Compared to PCM, adaptive delta modulation can transmit voice:
A. with a lower bit rate but reduced quality 27. In the OSI model, when data is transmitted from device A to device
B. with a lower bit rate but the same quality* B, the header from A's layer 5 is read by B's _______ layer.
C. only over shorter distances A) physical C) Session*
D. only if the voice is band-limited B) transport D) presentation

12. It is a modulation and multiplexing technique that distributes the 28. In the OSI model, the most important services to be performed by
signal and its sidebands over a very wide bandwidth the Session Layer are:
A. Spread spectrum * C. Frequency division multiplexing A. sampling and quantizing C. sign-on and log-out
B. Phase shift keying D. Quadrature amplitude modulation B. log-in and terminating D. log-in and log-out procedures*

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 CERTCDAVAO DIAGNOSTIC EXAM EST
Electronics Engineering
29. Half-duplex operation involves communication
a. In one direction only 45. What is the actual length in feet of a one-half wavelength of a coax
b. In both directions, but only one can talk at a time * with a velocity factor of 0.57 at 25 MHz?
c. Where both parties can talk at the same time A. 42.17 B. 44.87* C. 41.12 D. 43.25
d. All the above
46. Two half wave dipole antennas are separated by 50 km. Both are
30. Which of the following words has the correct parity bit? Assume odd alligned for optimum reception. If the transmitter feeds its antenna
parity. The last bit is the parity bit. with 10 Watts power at 144 MHz, the receive power would be equal
A. 11111111 B. 11001101* C. 00110101 D. 00000000 to _________ x 10^-10 Watts.
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3* D. 4
31. Determine the Hamming distance for the codewords ( 10101,
11001) 47. Why would one need to know the feed point impedance of an
a. one b. two* c. three d. five antenna?
A. To match impedances for maximum power transfer from a feed
32. Fading of the received radio signals in a mobile communication line *
environment occurs because o B. To measure the near-field radiation density from a transmitting
A. Direct propagation C. Multipath Propagation* antenna
B. Bi-path Propagation D. None of the above C. To calculate the front-to-side ratio of the antenna
D. To calculate the front-to-back ratio of the antenna
33. In FDMA,
1. Each user is assigned unique frequency slots 48. Which of the following is private IP address.
2. Demand assignment is possible A. 12.0.0.1 C. 172.15.14.36
3. Fixed assignment is possible B. 168.172.19.39 D. 192.168.24.43*
4. It is vulnerable to timing problems
49. In Ethernet addressing, if the least significant bit of the first byte is
A. Only 1) and 2) are correct C. 2) and 4) are correct 0, the address is _________.
B. 1), 2) and 3) are correct* D. All four are correct A) unicast* C) broadcast
B) multicast D) none of the above
34. B8ZS substitutes eight consecutive zeros with
A. OBOVBOVB C. OOOVBOVB* 50. A process of sending data in computing technology by asking each
B. OOBVBOVB D. OVOVBOVB remote computer terminal one at a time if such computer terminal
has data to send.
35. The size and format of physical addresses vary depending on the A. selection B. networking C. polling* D. coding
A. Receiver B. Message C. Sender D. Network*
51. How do you connect two digital terminal equipment (DTE) in the
36. The number of noise sources in a BJT are absence of a modem?
A. 3* B. 2 C. 1 D. 4 a.) Line Bridging.
b.) Direct connection with the use of a null modem.*
37. VSB modulation is preferred in TV because c.) Sharing of line.
A. it reduces the bandwidth requirement to half* d.) Using a router.
B. it avoids phase distortion at low frequencies
C. it results in better reception 52. The input and output ports of a router perform the ________ layer
D. none of the above functions of the router.
A) physical and data link* C) transport
38. Ground waves are most effective: B) network D) none of the above
A. above about 20 MHz
B. below about 2 MHz* 53. Digital signatures are now being used to “sign” important
C. at microwave frequencies documents that are sent electronically. The 128 bits usedproduced
D. when using horizontally polarized waves by mathematical function is called
A. flag B. hash* C. header D. private key
39. A filter type SSB generator uses an ideal bandpass filter with a
center frequency of 20 MHz and a bandwidth of 30 kHz. What 54. The parameter that is normally achieved through a trailer added to
frequency should be used for the carrier oscillator if the generator is the end of the frame is
to produce a USB signal with a baseband frequency response A. Access Control C. Flow Control
having a lower limit of 400 Hz. B. Error Control* D. Physical addressing.
A. 19.9846 MHz* C. 20.015 MHz
B. 20.0154 MHz D. 19.985 MHz 55. What type of wave is made up of a sine wave plus all of its odd
harmonics?
a. A square wave * c. A cosine wave
40. A PLL has the following characteristics:
b. A sine wave d. A tangent wave
Free running frequency: 3 MHz, Lock range: 200 kHz, Capture
range: 50 kHz. What is the pull-in range? 56. For a 3 stage system with an input power Pin = -20 dBm and power
A. 100 kHz B. 25 kHz* C. 47 kHz D. 150 kHz gains of the 3 stages A1 = 13 dB, A2 = 16 dB, A3 = -6 dB,
determine the output power in watts.
41. A telephone line has a bandwidth of 3.2 kHz and signal-to-noise a. 1 mW b. 2 mW* c. 3 mW d. 4 mW
ratio of 34 dB. A signal is transmitted down this line using a five-
level code. What is the maximum theoretical data rate? 57. Determine the equivalent noise voltage for a diode with forward bias
A. 72.6 kbps B. 12.8 kbps C. 34.8 kbps D. 14.9 kbps* of 5 mA over a 20 MHz bandwidth.
a. 243 nV b. 573 nV c. 732 nV d. 931 nV*
42. he FET acts like a switch. When turned “on” it provides a low
impedance path to deposit the analog sample across a capacitor. 58. The noise produced by a resistor is to be amplified by an amplifier
The time when the FET is “on” is called _____time. having a voltage gain of 125 and a bandwidth of 100 kHz. An
A. aperture* B. acquiring C. natural D. storage oscilloscope connected at the output reads 340 uVpeak. Assuming
43. A PCM TDM multiplexes 25 VB channels. Each sample is encoded operation at 95 degrees Fahrenheit, calculate the resistor’s
into 8 bits and a framing bit is added to each frame. The sampling resistance.
rate is 8,000 samples per second. Using BPRZ-AMI encoding as a. 1.85 kohm b. 2.17 kohm* c. 3.11 kohm d. 4.91 kohm
the line format, waht is its line speed?
a. 2.456 Mbps c. 4.182 Mbps 59. The RF amplifier of a receiver has an input resistance of 1500 ohm,
b. 1.608 Mbps* d. 3.128 Mbps and equivalent shot-noise resistance of 200 ohm, a gain of 25, and
a load resistance of 125 kohm. Given that the bandwidth is 1.0 MHz
44. A computer monitor has a resolution of 1200 by 1000 pixels. If each and the temperature is 25 C, calculate the equivalent noise voltage
pixel uses 2048 colors, how many bits are needed to send the at the input to this RF amplifier.
complete contents of a screen? a. 5.3 uV b. 5.6 uV* c. 10.5 uV d. 10.8 uV
a. 12 Gigabits c. 132 Megabits
b. 13.2 Gigabits* d. 12 Megabits

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 CERTCDAVAO DIAGNOSTIC EXAM EST
Electronics Engineering
60. If receiver in PREVIOUS problem is connected to an antenna with A. 0.005V B. 0.01V C. 0.05V D. 0.0025V*
an impedance of 75 ohms, calculate the noise factor.
a. 23.67 b. 26.33* c. 90.33 d. 101.1 74. An asynchronous communication system uses ASCII at 9600 bits/s,
with eight bits, one start bit, one stop bit and no parity bit. Express
61. For a citizens band receiver using high-side injection with an RF the data rate in words per minute. (Assume a word has seven
carrier of 25.04 MHz and a 12.65 MHz first IF, determine IFRR in characters or letters and one space.)
dB for a preselector Q of 90. A. 9600 words/min C. 960 words/min
B. 7200 words/min* D. 1600 words/min
a. 21.34 dB b. 36.35 dB c. 42.68 dB* d. 58.27 dB
75. Calculate the S/N of a -40 dBm signal measurement with 18 dBrnc
62. Calculate the percentage modulation of an AM wave if the positive noise level taken at -40 TLP.
RF peaks of the voltage wave rises to a maximum value of 16 Volts a. 32 dB* b. 42 dB c. 71 dB d. 81 dB
and drops to a minimum value of 6 Volts.
a. 37.5% b. 45.0%* c. 51.3% d. 61.3% 76. The value left in the CRC dividing circuit after all data have been
shifted in is the
a. Quantile interval c. BCC
63. An FM transmitter system is using a 1MHz crystal oscillator to
b. Codec d. Syndrome*
generate a very stable 108MHz final carrier frequency. The output
of the crystal oscillator is fed to a x36 multiplier circuit then mixed 77. The type of modulation that uses sampling on one of the
with a 34.5 MHz signal. The sum output of the mixer is filtered out, parameters of the transmitted and received signal is known as
while the difference is fed to another multiplier in order to generate a. Phase modulation c. Amplitude modulation
the final carrier frequency. What is the multiplier value? b. Pulse modulation* d.Frequency modulation
a. 31 b. 59 c. 72* d. 94
78. The bit error rate is
a. The number of bit errors that occur for a given number of bits
64. For an angle modulated carrier Vc = 6cos(2pi110 MHzt) with 75 kHz transmitted
frequency deviation due to the information signal and a single b. The most common method of referring to the quality of a digital
frequency interfering signal Vn = 0.3cos(2pi109.985 MHzt), communication system
determine the frequency of the demodulated interference signal. c. Virtually the same as the error probability
a. 4.5 kHz b. 15 kHz* c. 750 Hz d. 1 kHz d. All the above *

79. ASK, PSK, FSK, and QAM are examples of _________ encoding.
65. The input to the FM receiver has a signal-to-noise of 2.8, the a. Digital-to-digital c. Analog-to –analog
modulating frequency is 1.5 kHz. The maximum permitted deviation b. Digital-to-analog* d. Analog-to-digital
is 4 kHz. Calculate the frequency deviation caused by noise.
a. 712 Hz b. 162 Hz c. 397 Hz d. 547 Hz* 80. Which of the following is most affected by noise?
a. PSK b. ASK* c. FSK d. QAM
66. Which of the following parameters would a typical spectrum
analyzer display on the horizontal axis? 81. If the frequency spectrum of a signal has a bandwidth of 500 Hz
a. Frequency* b. SWR c. Q d. Time with the highest frequency at 600 Hz, what should be the sampling
rate according to the Nyquist theorem?
67. How might lowering the noise figure affect receiver performance? a. 200 samples/sec c. 1000 samples/sec
a. It would increase signal to noise ratio * b. 500 samples/sec d. 1200 samples/sec*
b. It would reduce the signal to noise ratio
c. It would reduce bandwidth 82. Medium 1 is made of glass, while medium 2 is made of ethyl
d. It would increase bandwidth alcohol. Their refractive indexes are 1.45 and 1.34 respectively. For
an angle of incidence of 37 degrees, determine the angle of
68. What is an undesirable effect of using too wide a filter bandwidth in refraction.
the IF section of a receiver? a. 30.12 degrees c. 71.12 degrees
a. Undesired signals may be heard * b. 40.63 degree* d. 87.19 degrees
b. Filter ringing
c. Output-offset overshoot 83. Calculate the capacitance in uF/ft of a coaxial line whose
d. Thermal-noise distortion characteristic impedance is 50 Ohms and a dielectric constant of
2.23. It is ________ x 10^3 uF/ft.
69. How can intermodulation interference between two repeaters a. 0.0128 b. 0.0303* c. 1.2750 d. 1.9827
occur?
a. When the repeaters are in close proximity and the signals mix in 84. What is the refractive index of an ionospheric layer with 100x10^5
one or both transmitter final amplifiers * free electrons per m^3. Assume frequency to be at 20 MHz.
b. When the repeaters are in close proximity and the signals cause A. 0.99 * B. 0.88 C. 0.77 D. 0.66
feedback in one or both transmitter final amplifiers
c. When the signals from the transmitters are reflected out of phase 85. If a cable has a velocity factor of 0.7, what length of cable is
from airplanes passing overhead required for a 90° phase shift at 100 MHz?
d. When the signals from the transmitters are reflected in phase A. 0.6 meters B. 0.9 meters C. 0.52 meters * D. 0.72 meters
from airplanes passing overhead
86. An isolator has a forward loss of 0.7 dB and a return loss of 26 dB.
70. First symbol in the designation of radio signals emission which A source provides 1 W to the isolator, and the load is resistive with
refers to use of a full carrier and one sideband. an SWR of 3. How much power is dissipated in the load?
A. J B. N C. H* D. A A. 638 mW* B. 345 mW C. 165 mW D. 876 mW
71. If a receiver tuned to 146.70 MHz receives an intermodulation-
product signal whenever a nearby transmitter transmits on 146.52 87. What is the effective height of a broadcast antenna if the voltage
MHz, what are the two most likely frequencies for the other induced in the antenna is 2.7 volts and the measured field intensity
interfering signal? received in the antenna site is 27 mV/m?
a. 146.34 MHz and 146.61 MHz* c. 146.88 MHz and 146.34 MHz A. 29.7 meters C. 72.9 meters
b. 146.10 MHz and 147.30 MHz d. 73.35 MHz and 239.40 MHz B. 100 meters* D. 127 meters

72. If the signals of two transmitters mix together in one or both of their 88. When load impedance equals to Zo of the line, it means that the
final amplifiers, and unwanted signals at the sum and difference load _____ all the power.
frequencies of the original signals are generated, what is this a. reflects b. absorbs* c. attenuates d. radiates
called? 89. If an antenna is too short for the wavelength being used, the
a. Intermodulation interference* c. Neutralization effective length can be increased by adding:
b. Amplifier desensitization d. Adjacent channel interference A. capacitance in series C. resistance in parallel
B. inductance in series * D. resistance in series
73. Determine the quantization error for an 10-bit linear sign-magnitude
PCM for a maximum decoded voltage of 2.55 Vp. 90. What is the gain, in dB of a helical antenna with diameter of λ/3, 10
turns at pitch of λ/4, used at 100 MHz?

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 CERTCDAVAO DIAGNOSTIC EXAM EST
Electronics Engineering
A. 16 * B. 41.1 C. 31.4 D. 1.25

91. Distances near the skip distance should be used for sky-wave
propagation
a. to avoid tilting
b. to prevent sky-wave and upper ray interference*
c. to avoid the faraday effect
d. so as not to exceed the critical frequency

92. Which is not a major function of a protocol?

a. Framing b. Line control c. Flow control d. Topology *

93. In the OSI model, as a data packet moves from the lower to the
upper layers, headers are _______.
A) added B) removed* C) rearranged D) modified

94. A device interconnecting LANs together that usually have identical

protocols at the physical and data link layers is called a
a. Bridge * b. Gateway c. Router d. Node

95. An RG 11/U coaxial cable has a maximum voltage standing wave of

50 Volts and a minumum voltage of 15 Volts. Determine the value
of a resistive load.
a. 11.5 ohms b. 22.5 ohms* c. 33.5 ohms d. 44.5 ohms

96. One type of network that never has a collision is:

A. CSMA C. Token passing *
B. Ethernet D. All networks have collisions

97. ________ is a virtual-circuit wide-area network that was designed in

response to demands for a new type of WAN in the late 1980s and
early 1990s.
A)X.25 C)ATM
B)Frame Relay* D)none of the above

98. In IPv4, class _______ has the greatest number of addresses in

each block.
A) D B) C C) A* D) B

99. In _______, a table associating a logical address with a physical

address is updated manually.
A) static mapping* C) physical mapping
B) dynamic mapping D) none of the above

100. Which error detection method uses one's complement arithmetic?

A)Simple parity check C)CRC
B)Two-dimensional parity check D)Checksum*

God Bless

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