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    Rob Krier: Urban Space (1979)

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    Devyani Totla
    Rob Krier published Urban Space in Theory and Practice in 1975, which established a typology of urban spaces. He believed that modern cities had lost the traditional understanding of urban space due to a focus on technology and traffic over people. Krier discussed the concepts of internal and external space and classified the basic forms of urban space as the street and square. The square developed first as houses grouped around an open space, while the street emerged as settlements spread. Krier analyzed how spatial forms could be modulated and categorized spaces as closed or open based on building enclosure. He argued that industrialization and disregard for spatial considerations eroded urban space in the 20th century, prioritizing traffic over livable environments for people.

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    Rob Krier: Urban Space (1979)

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    Devyani Totla
    90 views3 pages
    Rob Krier published Urban Space in Theory and Practice in 1975, which established a typology of urban spaces. He believed that modern cities had lost the traditional understanding of urban space due to a focus on technology and traffic over people. Krier discussed the concepts of internal and external space and classified the basic forms of urban space as the street and square. The square developed first as houses grouped around an open space, while the street emerged as settlements spread. Krier analyzed how spatial forms could be modulated and categorized spaces as closed or open based on building enclosure. He argued that industrialization and disregard for spatial considerations eroded urban space in the 20th century, prioritizing traffic over livable environments for people.

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    ROB KRIER

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    Rob Krier published Urban Space in Theory and Practice in 1975, which established a typology of urban spaces. He believed that modern cities had lost the traditional understanding of urban space due to a focus on technology and traffic over people. Krier discussed the concepts of internal and external space and classified the basic forms of urban space as the street and square. The square developed first as houses grouped around an open space, while the street emerged as settlements spread. Krier analyzed how spatial forms could be modulated and categorized spaces as closed or open based on building enclosure. He argued that industrialization and disregard for spatial considerations eroded urban space in the 20th century, prioritizing traffic over livable environments for people.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    90 views3 pages

    Rob Krier: Urban Space (1979)

    Uploaded by

    Devyani Totla
    Rob Krier published Urban Space in Theory and Practice in 1975, which established a typology of urban spaces. He believed that modern cities had lost the traditional understanding of urban space due to a focus on technology and traffic over people. Krier discussed the concepts of internal and external space and classified the basic forms of urban space as the street and square. The square developed first as houses grouped around an open space, while the street emerged as settlements spread. Krier analyzed how spatial forms could be modulated and categorized spaces as closed or open based on building enclosure. He argued that industrialization and disregard for spatial considerations eroded urban space in the 20th century, prioritizing traffic over livable environments for people.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    Rob Krier: Urban Space (1979)

    Introduction
    Robert Krier was born in 1938 in Grevenmacher. He is the older brother of fellow architect
    Leon Krier. He published Stadtraum in Theorie und Praxis in 1975. This book is a
    contribution to the establishment of an integrative typology of urban spaces, and let him to
    earn an influential position in urban rationalist polemics. His rationalism is based on the
    visual hierarchies proposed by Camillo Sitte and related to buildings of human scale. He
    considered that people have lost the sight of traditional understanding of urban space in the
    modern city. The major reason is that the citizens are aware of their environment and
    sensitive enough to compare the town planning achievements of the present and the past.
    They have the strength of character to pronounce sentence on the way things have gone.

    In this context, Robert Krier tries to explain the concept of ‘Space’ and how the traditional
    understanding of urban space may be reintroduced within the modern cities. In discussing
    the concept and the definition of ‘Urban space’, Rob Krier wished to clarify without
    imposing aesthetic criteria. He mentioned some types of space which exist between
    buildings in towns and other localities as urban space to discuss the function of the town
    planning. The polarity of internal and external space is constantly in evidence in this
    chapter. The laws of each are very similar not only in the form but also in the function. The
    internal space is an effective symbol of privacy which is covered from weather and
    environment. The external space is seen as open, unobstructed space for movement in the
    open air, with public, semi-public and private zones. The classification of urban space could
    be the suggestion to the town planner,that the two basic forms which constitute urban
    space are the street and the square. The geometrical characteristics of both spatial forms
    are the same such as the corridor and the room of ‘internal space’. The difference between
    them are the dimensions of the walls which bound them and by the patterns of function and
    .
    .

    /circulation.

    The square is produced by the grouping of houses around an open space. Rob Krier believed
    that the square was the first way for man of using urban space. This kind of arrangement
    supplies a high degree of control of the inner space. The street is a product of the spread of
    settlement once houses have been built on all available space around its central square. It
    has a more pronouncedly functional character than the square, which by virtue of its size is
    a more attractive place to pass the time than the street, in whose confines one is
    involuntarily caught up in the bustle of traffic. The street is unsuitable for the flow of
    motorised traffic, whilst remaining appropriate to human circulation and activity. The
    number and speed of cars remains a source of anxiety. The separation of pedestrians and
    traffic carries with it the danger of the isolation of the pedestrian zone. Solutions must be
    carefully worked out which will keep the irritation of traffic noise and exhaust fumes away
    from the pedestrian, without completely distancing one zone from the other.

    In formulating a typology of urban space, spatial forms and their derivatives may be divided
    into three main groups, according to the geometrical pattern of their ground plan. These
    groups derive from the square, the circle or the triangle. The three basic shapes are affected
    by the following modulating factors: angling; segmentation; addition; merging, overlapping
    or amalgamation of elements; and distortion. These modulating factors can produce
    geometrically regular or irregular results on all spatial types. At the same time, the large
    number of possible building sections influences the quality of the space at all these stages of
    modulation. All sections are fundamentally applicable to these spatial forms.

    The terms ‘closed’ and ‘open’ may be applied to all spatial forms described up to now. The
    spaces are the concept which is completely or partially surrounded by buildings. In
    discussing the erosion of urban space in twenty century town planning, Rob Krier said that
    the erosion of urban space is an on-going process which has been with us for the last fifty
    years in the guise of technological progress serving a democratic society.

    For instance, after the French Revolution, the development of new military technology and
    new tactical patterns for warfare ushered in an era. The defensive systems of towns were
    no longer offered adequate protection against the new weapon. City walls were demolished
    because the walls were no longer useful to the town. The decline of the city wall coincided
    with the start of industrial development, which forced cities into unprecedented growth.
    The influence of industrial building had a catastrophic effect on urban planning. The
    appearance of the buildings’ architectural style and design seemed to be of no
    consequence. Inhuman conditions were imposed on the worker and this process of town
    planning was destructive. Any planning innovation in a city must be governed by the logic of
    the whole and in design terms must offer a formal response to pre-existing spatial
    conditions. Without a doubt, contemporary town planning with its total disregard for spatial
    problems is a more attractive proposition in the current sociopolitical climate. It is no
    coincidence that priority is given to traffic and the other trappings of technology, rather
    than to people's need for a tolerable urban environment. As Rob Krier said “As long as man
    needs two arms and two legs, the scale of his body must be the measure of size for all
    building.”

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