Proposed Curriculum Full Draft PDF

Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies - AP
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering
Chapter-1
General, Course structure, Semester-wise credit distribution
A. Definition of Credit:
1 Hour Lecture (L) per week 1 credit
1 Hour Tutorial (T) per week 1 credit
3 Hours Practical (Lab)/week 1.5 credits
B. Total number of credits: 160
C. Minimum number of contact hours/weeks per semester: 15 weeks of teaching
i. For 1 credit course: 15 contact hours per semester

ii. For 2 credit course: 30 contact hours per semester
iii. For 3 credit course: 45 contact hours per semester
iv. For 4 credit course: 60 contact hours per semester
D. Course code and definition, Abbreviations
Course code Definitions
L Lecture
T Tutorial
P Practical
EC Core Courses
ECEL Program Electives
ECP1 Project Stage-I
ECP2 Project Stage-II
ECMP1 Mini Project Stage-I
ECMP2 Mini Project Stage-II
1
ECSI Summer Internship
BS Basic Science
ES General Engineering Courses
HS Humanities and Social Sciences including

Management Science
OE Open Electives
MC Mandatory Courses
PCC Program Core Course
PEC Program Elective Course
OEC Open Elective Course
BSC Basic Science Course
HSC Humanities and Social Sciences including

Management Science Course
PROJ Mini project/Project
E. Structure of Program
S.No Category Credits

1 Basic Science Courses 16.5
2 Engineering Science Courses 29.5
3 Humanities and Social Sciences including Management courses 8.5
4 Program core courses 63
5 Program Elective courses 15
6 Open Elective courses 12
7 Project work, Miniproject work, Summer internships project 15.5
8 Mandatory courses - 03 (non-
[Indian Constitution, Environmental Studies, Career Development credit)
Course]
Total 160
2
F. Semester-wise Credits Distribution
TOTAL E1-S1 E1-S2 E2-S1 E2-S2 E3-S1 E3-S2 E4-S1 E4-S2

BSC 16.5 9.5 4 3 0 0 0 0 0
ESC 29.5 13.5 5 1.5 2.5 7 0 0 0
HSC 8.5 0 2.5 0 0 1.5 2.5 0 2
PCC 63 0 13.5 19.5 20.5 9.5 0 0 0
PEC 15 0 0 0 0 0 6 6 3
OEC 12 0 0 0 0 0 6 3 3
PROJECTS/
MINI PROJ 12.5 0 0 0 0 1.0 1.5 4 6
SUM
INTERN 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0
160 23 25 24 23 19 16 16 14
Total number of Mandatory Courses (MC): 03 (Indian Constitution, Environmental

Science, Career Development Course)
Notations:
E1-S1: Engineering first year first semester

E1-S2: Engineering first sear second semester
E2-S1: Engineering second year first semester
E2-S2: Engineering second year first semester
E3-S1: Engineering third year first semester
E3-S2: Engineering third year second semester
E4-S1: Engineering fourth year first semester
E4-S2: Engineering fourth year second semester
SUM INTERN: Summer Internship program
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Chapter – 2
Semester-Wise Structure of Curriculum
Mandatory Induction Program
3 Weeks Duration
 Physical activity
 Creative Arts
 Universal Human Values
 Literary
 Proficiency Modules
 Lectures by Eminent people
 Visit to local areas
 Familiarization of Dept./Branch Innovations
ENGINEERING FIRST YEAR: SEMESTER-1

SLNO CATEGORY COURSE CODE SUBJECT NAME L-T-P Credits
1 BSC MA1101 Differential Equations and 3-1-0 4
Multivariable calculus
2 BSC PY1101 Engineering Physics 3-1-0 4
3 BSC PY1181 Engineering Physics Lab 0-0-3 1.5
4 ESC CE1114 Engineering Graphics and 1-0-3 2.5
Design
5 ESC EC1101 Electrical Technology 3-1-0 4
6 ESC EC1181 Electrical Technology Lab 0-0-3 1.5
7 ESC EC1102 Introduction to Latest Technical 1-0-0 1
Advancements
8 ESC CS1109 Programming & Data Structures 3-0-0 3
9 ESC CS1189 Programming & Data Structures 0-0-3 1.5
Lab
Total Credits 23
Total contact hours : 29 hours
4
ENGINEERING FIRST YEAR: SEMESTER-2

1 BSC MA1201 Mathematical Methods 3-1-0 4
2 ESC CS1209 Object Oriented Programming 2-0-0 2
3 ESC CS1289 Object Oriented Programming
Laboratory 0-0-3 1.5
4 ESC EC1285 Computational Lab 0-0-3 1.5
5 HSC EG1281 English-1 0-1-3 2.5
6 PCC EC1201 Basic Electronics 3-1-0 4
7 PCC EC1281 Basic Electronics Lab 0-0-3 1.5
8 PCC EC1202 Network Theory 3-1-0 4
9 PCC EC1203 Signals and Systems 3-1-0 4
Total Credits 25
ENGINEERING SECOND YEAR: SEMESTER-1

1 BSC MA2101 Probability & Random Variables 2-1-0 3
2 ESC EC2185 Internet of Things Lab 0-0-3 1.5
3 PCC EC2101 Analog Electronic Circuits 3-1-0 4
4 PCC EC2181 Analog Electronic Circuits Lab 0-0-3 1.5
5 PCC EC2102 Digital Logic Design 3-1-0 4
6 PCC EC2182 Digital Logic Design Lab 0-0-3 1.5
7 PCC EC2103 Digital Signal Processing 3-1-0 4
8 PCC EC2183 Digital Signal Processing Lab 0-0-3 1.5
9 PCC EC2104 Control Systems 3-0-0 3
Total Credits 24
Total contact hours: 30 hours
5

1 ESC EC2285 Robotics Laboratory 1-0-3 2.5
2 PCC EC2201 Communication Systems-1 3-1-0 4
3 PCC EC2281 Communication Systems-1 Lab 0-0-3 1.5
4 PCC EC2202 Digital System Design 3-1-0 4
5 PCC EC2282 Digital System Design Lab 0-0-3 1.5
6 PCC EC2203 Linear Integrated Circuits 3-1-0 4
7 PCC EC2283 Linear Integrated Circuits Lab 0-0-3 1.5
8 PCC EC2204 Electromagnetic Waves & 3-1-0 4
Guided Media
Total Credits 23
ENGINEERING THIRD YEAR: SEMESTER-1

1 ESC EC3102 Computer Networks 3-0-0 3
2 ESC EC3103 Computer Organization &
Architecture 3-1-0 4
3 HSC EG3183 English-2 Lab 0-0-3 1.5
4 PCC EC3101 Communication Systems- 2 3-1-0 4
5 PCC EC3181 Communication Systems -2
Lab 0-0-3 1.5
6 PCC EC3182 Microprocessors,
Microcontrollers & Computer
Networks Lab 0-0-3 1.5
7 PCC EC3185 Radio Frequency & Microwave
Engg. Lab 1-0-3 2.5
8 PROJ EC3190 Mini-Project-1
(Socially Relevant Project) 0-0-2 1
Total Credits 19
MC MC3101 Constitution of India 1-0-0 0
Total contact hours: 25 hours
*Mini Project-1 workload not included in above workload calculation
6
ENGINEERING THIRD YEAR: SEMESTER-2

1 HSC EG3283 English-3 0-0-3 1.5
2 HSC MG32XX Product Design & Innovation 1-0-0 1
3 PEC EC32XX Elective-1 3-0-0 3
5 OEC XX32XX Open Elective-1 3-0-0 3
7 PROJ EC3291 Mini Project-2 0-0-3 1.5
Total Credits 16
MC MC3201 Career Development Course 2-0-0 0
*Mini Project-2 work load not included in above calculation
ENGINEERING FOURTH YEAR: SEMESTER-1

4 PROJ EC4192 Summer Internship Project 0-0-6 3
5 PROJ EC4193 Project – 1 0-0-8 4
Total Credits 16
MC BE4101 Environmental Science 2-0-0 0
*Project-1 work load not included in above calculation
*Summer Internship Project will be after completion of Engineering Third Year Semester-2
ENGINEERING FOURTH YEAR: SEMESTER -2

1 HSC HS4299 Community Service 0-0-4 2
6 PROJ EC4294 Project-2 0-0-12 6
Total Credits 14
*Project-2 and Community Service work load not included in above calculation
** Completion of courses through MOOCs is subjected to the regulations and guidelines

of the University/Institute from time to time.
7
List of Program Electives Courses/ Open Elective Courses
Professional Elective Courses
Communication Stream
ECXY01:Advanced Digital Communications
ECXY02:Antenna and Radio wave propagation
ECXY03:Cooperative Communications
ECXY04:Design of Microwave systems
ECXY05:Detection and Estimation Theory
ECXY06:Error Correcting Codes
ECXY07:Information Theory and Coding
ECXY08:Millimeter wave Technology
ECXY09:Optical Communications
ECXY10:Principles of RADAR
ECXY11:Radio Frequency and Microwave Engineering
ECXY12:Satellite Communications
ECXY13:Wireless Communications
Signal Processing Stream
ECXY14:Advanced Digital Signal Processing
ECXY15:Artificial Neural Networks
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ECXY16:Biomedical Signal Processing
ECXY17:Digital Image Processing
ECXY18:Digital Voice and Picture Communication
ECXY19:Estimation of Signals and Systems
ECXY20:Medical Image Analysis
ECXY21:Pattern Recognition and applications
VLSI and Embedded systems Stream
ECXY22:Analog IC Design
ECXY23:Digital IC Design
ECXY24:Digital VLSI System Design
ECXY25:Electronic System Packaging
ECXY26:Embedded Systems
ECXY27:Embedded System Software Testing
ECXY28:FPGA based System Design
ECXY29:Low Power Circuits and Systems
ECXY30:MEMS and Microsystems
ECXY31:RF IC Design
ECXY32:Systemverilog
ECXY33:VLSI DSP
ECXY34:VLSI Physical Design
ECXY35:VLSI Testing and Verification
9
Open Elective Courses
ECXY50:Artificial Intelligence
ECXY51:Computational science and Engineering using Python
ECXY52:Linux Programming and Scripting
ECXY53:Machine Learning
ECXY54:Robotics Operating System: Drones
PYXYZZ: Thin Film Technology
PYXYZZ:Introduction to Fiber optics
PYXYZZ: Semiconductor optoelectronics
MAXYZZ: Matrix Algebra
BEXY02: Life Sciences for Engineers
BEXY03: Industrial Biotechnology
BEXY04: Fundamentals of Bio-Chemical Engineering
BEXY05: Metals Biotechnology
BEXY06: Biomaterial
BEXY07: Biosensors and Bioelectronics
10
CHAPTER 2
DETAILED 4-YEAR CURRICULUM CONTENTS
SEMESTER-WISE
11
ENGINEERING FIRST YEAR: SEMESTER-I
Differential Equations and

MA1101 BSC 3L:1T:0P 4 credits
Multivariable calculus
Course Learning Objectives

1. Discuss the solutions of first order differential equations.
2. Discuss the solutions of higher order linear differential equations.
3. Power series representation of functions and its validity.
4. Understand continuity and differentiability of multi-variable functions and its
applications to discuss maximum and minimum.
5. Discuss the convergence Improper integrals and apply Leibnitz rule.
6. Setup double and triple integral volume and surface area.
Course Content
Unit – I (08 hours)

Differential equations of first order and first degree
Basic concepts, Variable Separable method, homogeneous differential equations, Exact
differential equations, Integrating factor, Differentiable equations Reducible to exact,
Linear differential equations, Bernoulli differential equations.
Unit - II (13 hours)

Linear differential equations of higher order
Homogenous differentiable equations, Non-homogeneous linear equations of higher order
with constant coefficients with RHS term of the type polynomials in
Method of variation of parameters, Euler Cauchy equation.
Unit - III (8 hours)

Sequences and Series
Sequences and their limits, Convergence of series, Comparison test, Ratio test, Root test,
Absolute and Conditional convergence, Alternating series, Power series, Taylor’s and
Maclaurin’s series.
Unit - IV (16 hours)

Functions of several variables
Limit, Continuity and Differentiability of functions of several variables, Partial derivatives
and their geometrical interpretation, Differentials, Derivatives of Composite and Implicit
functions, Chain rule, Jacobians, Derivatives of higher order, Homogeneous functions,
12
Euler's theorem, and Harmonic functions, Taylor's expansion of functions of several

variables, Maxima and Minima of functions of several variables - Lagrange's method of
multipliers.
Unit - V (5 hours)
Beta and Gamma Function:
Beta and Gamma functions - elementary properties, differentiation under integral sign, and
differentiation of integrals with variable limits - Leibnitz rule.
Unit – VI (10 hours)

Multiple Integrals
Rectification, Jacobians of transformations, double and triple integrals, computations of
surface and volumes, change of variables in double integrals - integrals dependant on
parameters - applications.
Learning Resources
Text book
1. Erwin Kreyszig, ‘Advanced Engineering Mathematics’, 9th Edition, Wiley-India.
Reference books
1. Tom M. Apostal, ‘Calculus’, Volume II, Second Edition, Wiley-India.
2. R. K. Jain And S. R. K. Iyengar, ‘Advanced Engineering Mathematics’, 3rd
Edition, Narosa Publishers.
3. B.S.Grewal, ‘Higher Engineering Mathematics’, 42nd Edition, Khanna Publishers.
Web resources
1. Dr. Srinivasa Rao Manam, NPTEL-IIT Madras, ‘Introduction to ordinary
differential equations’. URL: https://nptel.ac.in/courses/111106100/12
2. Prof Sudeeptha Dutta, NPTEL-IIT Kanpur, ‘Differential Calculus of Several
Variables’. URL: https://nptel.ac.in/courses/111104092/11
3. Dr S K Gupta, NPTEL-IIT Roorkee, ‘Multivariable Calculus’.
URL:https://nptel.ac.in/courses/111107108/
Course outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to
CO 1 Solve first order differential equations
CO 2 Solve higher order linear differential equations
Check the convergence of infinite series and discuss the power series
CO 3
representation of a function at various points
13
Explain limits and continuity, differentiability and partial derivatives of

CO 4 functions of multivariable and find the extremum of functions subjected to
constraints.
CO 5 Apply Leibnitz rule and beta gamma functions to evaluate improper integrals
CO 6 Find surface area and volume by using double and triple integrals,
Assessment Method
Assessment Weekly tests Monthly tests End Semester Test Total

Tool
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
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14
PY1101 Engineering Physics BSC 3L: 1T: 0P 4 credits

1. To Learn about the concept of vector fields and vector calculus.
2. To understand the applications of Gauss's Law to Calculate electric field due to a few
symmetric charge distributions and the important properties of conductors as arising
from their free electric charge. To learn the boundary conditions of electric field and
potential.
3. To understand the applications of Gauss's Law to Calculate electric field due to a few
symmetric charge distributions. To study the important properties of conductors as
arising from their free electric charge and the boundary conditions of electric field and
potential.
4. To understanding the physical ideas contained in Maxwell’s equations, the logical steps
of the arguments which leads to these equations and the ability to solve problems
involving them. The existence of electromagnetic waves as a consequence of
Maxwell’s equations is also of particular importance.
5. To understand the basics of quantum theory like wave function, particle in 1D box and
linear harmonic oscillator. To acquired basic knowledge in field of band theory of
solids as well as qualitative treatment of Kronig-Penny model.
6. To understand the classification of materials by electrical properties. To acquire the
knowledge about semiconductors and the characteristics of basic electronics devices
Course Content
Unit – I (14 Hours)
Introduction
Coordinate system: Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical coordinate system
transformations, Differential Calculus: Gradient, Divergence, Curl and their physical
significance, Integral Calculus: Line, Surface, and Volume Integrals. Integral theorem:
Gauss and stokes theorems. Curvilinear Coordinates. second derivatives: Laplacian.
minkowski space, d'alembertian operator.
Unit-II (16 Hours)

Electrostatics
Coulomb's Law , Gauss's Law, electric Potential, Gradient relationship between E and V,
Electric Dipole, Energy Density in Electrostatic Fields, Fields inside Perfect Conductors,
Polarization Dielectrics, Dielectric Constant ,capacitance, Dielectric break down ,Current
density, Resistance, Ohm’s law, Poisson’s and Laplace equations. Boundary conditions of
15
electric field and electrostatic potential, method of images (with one example), energy of a
charge distribution and its expression in terms of electric field.
Unit-III (14 Hours)

Magnetostatics
Magnetic Forces, Biot-Savart's Law, Steady currents, Ampere's Law ,Magnetic Vector
Potentials, Magnetization, Permeability, Para , Dia, Ferro-Magnetic material properties,
Magnetic Energy, boundary conditions, Scalar & vector fields.
Unit-IV (14 Hours)

Time varying fields
Faradays Law, Lenz law, EMF, Displacement current, Maxwell’s equation in vacuum and
non-conducting medium and conducting medium, Energy in an electromagnetic field;
Flow of energy, Poynting theorems and conservation Laws.
Unit-V (17 Hours)

Quantum physics for solids
Basic postulates of quantum theory, Schrödinger equation, significance of wave function,
particle in 1-D potential box, electron in periodic structures ,linear harmonic oscillator,
Band theory of solids, Kronig-Penny model (qualitative treatment), E-K curve, origin of
energy band formation in solids , effective mass, Density of states, Fermi level, , Direct
and indirect band gap.
Unit-VI (13 Hours)

Semiconductor physics
Band theory of semiconductors, carriers in intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, Charge
densities in intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductor, Law of mass action, Hall Effect,
Generation and Recombination of charges, Diffusion, the continuity equation, Injected
minority carrier charge, Potential Variation within a graded semiconductor, P-N diode,
LED’s, Photo diodes and solar cells.
Learning resources
Text books
1. S. K. Nayak, K. P. Bhuvana, ‘Engineering Physics’, McGraw Hill Education; 1
edition (25 July 2012)
2. David J. Griffiths ‘Introduction to Electrodynamics’ HPI Publications, 3rd edition
Reference books
1. S.L. Kakani, Subhadra Kakani ‘Engineering Physics’, CBS Publications, 2nd
edition
2. Arunkumar ‘Introduction to solid state physics’ HPI Publications, (30 January
2010)
16
3. Iswar Singh Tyagi ‘Principles of quantum mechanics’ Pearson Publications; 1st

edition (25 September 2012)
4. Donald Neamen ‘Semiconductor devices’ McGraw Hill Education; 3ed edition (25
August 2006)
Web resources:
1. Prof V. Ravi Shakar, NPTEL-IIT Kanpur, ‘Engineering Physics-II’
URL: https://nptel.ac.in/courses/122104016/
2. Prof. D. K. Ghosh, NPTEL-IIT Bombay, ‘Engineering Physics-II’
CO 1 Student will able to understand the vector field and basic mathematical tools to
solve the problems.
CO 2 Student will able to calculate the electric field and potential for various objects
CO 3 Student will able to understand the magnetic field and magnetic properties
CO 4 Student will able to understand the Maxwell equations and electromagnetic

fields
CO 5 Student will able to understand the band theory of solids and band gap
CO 6 Student will able to understand the properties of semiconductors and basic

electronic devices.
Assessment Method

Tool
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
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17
PY1181 Engineering Physics BSC 0L:0T:3P 1.5 credits

Laboratory

1. Hall Effect: To determine the hall coefficient, carrier density and carrier mobility of a
given semiconductor.
2. Frank Hertz: To verify the postulates of Bohr’s theory and Quantization energy.
3. Photo electric Effect: To study the photoelectric effect and Determine the value of
Plank’s constant value.
4. Energy gap of Semiconductor: Determine the energy gap of a given semiconducting
material.
5. Susceptibility of Para Magnetic Materials: Determine the susceptibility of a given
paramagnetic solution by Quinck’s tube method.
6. Magnetic hysteresis curve tracer: Determine the Coercivity, Saturation magnetization
and Retentivity of a given Ferro magnetic material using a Hysteresis loop tracer.
7. Dielectric Constant measurement: Determine the Dielectric constant of a given
dielectric material.
8. Viscosity of water Measurement: Determine the co-efficient of viscosity of given oil
by falling sphere method.
9. Verification of I-V characteristics of Zener Junction Diode and Determination break
down voltage of Zener Diode.
10. Determine the parameters in common emitter configuration in pnp and npn Transistor
11. Determine the efficiency of Solar cell
List of Experiments
Exp-1: Hall Effect

Exp-2: Frank Hertz
Exp-3: Photo electric Effect
Exp-4: Energy gap of Semiconductor
Exp-5: Susceptibility of Para Magnetic Materials
Exp-6: Magnetic hysteresis curve tracer
Exp-7: Dielectric Constant measurement
Exp-8: Viscosity of water Measurement
Exp-9: Verification of I-V characteristics of Zener Junction Diode and Determination
break down voltage of Zener Diode.
Exp-10: p-n-p and n-p-n Transistor parameters in common emitter configuration
EXP-11: Calculating the efficiency of Solar cell
18
Student will able to understand hall coefficient, carrier density and carrier
CO 1
mobility of a given semiconductor.
CO 2 Student will able to understand Quantization of energy
Student will able to understand the photoelectric effect and calculation of

CO 3
Plank’s constant value.
CO 4 Student will able to understand the energy gap of a semiconductor
Student will able to understand the susceptibility of a given paramagnetic

CO 5
solution by Quinck’s tube method.
CO 6 Student will able to understand the Magnetic hysteresis curve tracer
CO 7 Student will able to understand measurement of dielectric constant
CO 8 Student will able to understand the co-efficient of viscosity of given oil by

falling sphere method
CO 9 Student will able to understand the I-V characteristic of Zener diode and Zener
breakdown
CO 10 Student will able to calculate the transistor parameters
CO11 Student will able to calculate the efficiency of solar cell
Assessment Method
Assessment Tool Experiments Record Viva-Voce/ Total

Quiz/MCQ/Lab project
Weightage (%) 25% 5% 10% 40%
End Semester Examination weightage (%) 60%
**********************************************************************
19
Engineering Graphics
CE1114 ESC 1L: 0T: 3P 2.5 credits
and Design
Course Learning Objective

1. To know about emergence of Engineering Graphics as a refined communication
tool and to be aware of International and national standards of practice for uniform
presentation of drawings.
2. To adopt the projection of three dimensional object orthogonally on a set of
vertical and horizontal planes and obtain the views of the frontal and the top
surfaces.
3. To describe the position of a point and position of the line with respect to all the
planes of projection and obtain its views.
4. To learn orthographic projections of various simple plane surfaces in simple and
inclined positions.
5. To know about orthographic projections of right and regular solids in simple
positions, when their axes are perpendicular to one reference plane and parallel to
the other.
6. To learn about types of cutting planes and to obtain views of simple solids.
7. To learn about different methodologies to be used for obtaining the two
dimensional layout of the lateral surfaces of uncut solids.
8. To learn about computer aided drafting techniques and to be familiarize with one
of the most powerful software ‘AutoCAD’.
Course content
Unit-I (7 hours)
Introduction to Engineering Drawing
Introduction to Engineering drawing – Tools and Standards, Geometric Constructions,
Scales, Conics and Special Curves - ellipse, parabola, hyperbola, cycloids, Involutes.
Unit-II (6 hours)
Orthographic projections
Introduction to Orthographic Projections, Projections of Points, Projection of Lines.
Unit-III (8 hours)
Projection of Solids
Projection of Planes, Projections of Solids cube, prism, pyramid, cylinder, cone and
20
sphere.
Unit-IV (8 hours)
Section of solids
Sections of Solids - cube, prism, pyramid, cylinder, cone and sphere. Development of
Surfaces – Parallel line method and Radial line method.
Unit-V (8 hours)
Introduction to AutoCAD
Computer Aided Design – Introduction to AutoCAD, Co-ordinate System (UCS) and their
Commands, Basic Commands of Drawing and Editing, Dimensioning and Text.
Unit-VI (8 hours)
Computer Graphics
Drawing practice with AutoCAD – Creating 2D Drawings of Objects from Isometric
views, Creating Isometric views form Orthographic views and Introductions to 3D
drawings.
Learning Resources
Textbooks
1. Bhatt N.D., Panchal V.M. & Ingle P.R., (2014), 'Engineering Drawing', Charotar
Publishing House.
Reference books
1. Shah, M.B. &Rana B.C. (2008), 'Engineering Drawing and Computer Graphics',
Pearson Education.
2. Agrawal B. & Agrawal C. M. (2012), 'Engineering Graphics', TMH Publication.
Web resources
1. Prof Anupam Saxena, NPTEL-IIT Kanpur, 'Engineering Drawing'.
2. Prof Anupam Saxena, NPTEL-IIT Kanpur, 'Computer Aided Engineering Design'.
URL: https://nptel.ac.in/syllabus/112104031/
21
Course outcome: After the completion of this course, the student will be able to
CO 1 Student will be aware of International and national standards of practice.
CO 2 Student will be familiar with obtaining the views of the frontal and the top
surfaces of an object.
CO 3 Student will be aware of orthographic projections of right and regular solids in

simple positions, when their axes are perpendicular to one reference plane and
parallel to the other.
CO 4 Student will know about computer aided drafting techniques and will be
familiar with one of the most powerful software ‘AutoCAD’.
Assessment Method
Assessment Tool Experiments Report/Viva-Voce/ Quiz/MCQ/Lab project Total

Weightage (%) 25% 15% 40%
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22
EC1101 Electrical Technology ESC 3L: 1T: 0P 4 credits

1. To make understand the concept of discrete electronic & electric components and
fundamental laws associated with it along with circuit laws.
2. To make understand the concept of the DC circuits using theorems
3. To make understand the concept of Single Phase and Three phase circuits
4. To make understand the concept of DC machines
Course Content
Unit-I (12 hours)

Circuit Concepts, R,L,C Parameters & Elements, Voltage and Current Sources,
Independent and Dependent Sources, Kirchhoff’s Laws, Network Reduction Techniques –
Series, Parallel, Series Parallel, Star–to-Delta or Delta-to-Star Transformations, Nodal
Analysis, Mesh Analysis, Super node and Super mesh for DC Excitations. (Only with
Independent sources)
Unit-II (8 hours)
Tellegen’s Theorem, Source Transformations, Super Position Theorem, Thevenins,
Norton and Maximum Power transfer Theorem.
Unit-III (12 hours)

Introduction to AC, calculation of R.M.S and average values. Steady State Analysis of R,
L, C elements (in Series, Parallel, Series-Parallel Combinations) with sinusoidal
excitation. Concept of Reactance, Impedance, Susceptance and Admittance. Phase and
Phase difference. Concept of Power Factor, Real and Reactive powers. Complex and
Polar forms of representation, Complex power.
Unit-IV (8 hours)
Series Resonance.-Phase Sequence- Star and Delta connection-Relation between Line and
Phase Voltages and Currents in Balanced Systems-analysis of Balanced Three Phase
Circuits – Phasor Diagrams-Measurement of active and reactive Power in Balanced Three
Phase Systems.
Unit-V (12 hours)
23
Two Wattmeter Method of Measurement of Three Phase Power. Construction and

Principle of Operation of Single Phase Transformers –Types- EMF Equation –Principle of
Operation of DC Machines, DC Motors, Types of Motors, Characteristic-Losses and
Efficiency.
Unit-VI (8 hours)
Speed Control of DC Shunt Motor, Flux and Armature Voltage Control Methods.
Applications of DC motors. Block level analysis of DC-DC (buck and boost) converters.
Learning Resources
Text Books
1. Charles Alexander and Matthew Sadiku, 'Fundamentals of Electric Circuits',
McGraw-Hill Education; 5th edition ,2012
2. WH Hayt JE Kemmerly and S M Durbin, 'Engineering circuit analysis', McGraw-
Hill Book Company Inc, (8th Edition), 2013.
Reference Books
1. DP Kothari and I.J Nagrath, 'Basic Electrical Engineering', McGraw-Hill
Education (3rd edition) 2010.
2. Vincent Del Toro, 'Electrical Engineering Fundamentals', Pearson 2ndEdition.
3. Hughes, 'Electrical and Electronic Technology', Pearson 10/E 2011.
Web resources
1. Prof U Umanand, IISC Bangalore, 'Basic Electrical Technology'.
URL: http://nptel.ac.in/courses/108108076/
2. Prof S Aniruddhan, IIT Madras, 'Basic Electrical Circuits'.
URL: https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc16_ee03
3. Prof Anant Agarwal, Masuchussets Institute of Technology, 'Circuits and
Electronics'.
URL: https://6002x.mitx.mit.edu/courseware/6.002_Spring_2012/
4. Prof N C Jagan, RGUKT Video content, 'Electrical Technology'.
Course Outcomes
At the end of the course, the student will be able to

CO 1 Use ohms laws, Kirchhoff’s laws on passive elements
CO 2 Analyze circuits made up of linear lumped elements. Specifically, analyze
circuits containing resistors and independent sources using techniques such as
the node method, superposition and the Thevenin’s method
24
CO 3 Analyze the Single phase AC circuits

CO 4 Analyze the Three phase AC circuits
CO 5 Analyze DC and AC machines and
CO 6 To understand speed control techniques and power electronic applications.
Assessment Method
Assessment Tool Weekly Monthly tests End Semester Test Total

tests/Assignments (in a semester)
(in a semester)
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
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25
Electrical Technology
EC1181 ESC 0L: 0T: 3P 1.5 credits
Laboratory

To get a hands-on experience on the concepts in Electrical Technology theory course and
thereby developing practical knowledge in analysis of electrical equipments like motors,
generators etc.
List of Experiments
1. Familiarization with supply panel (AC & DC), all measuring instruments, auto
transformers (1-φ and 3- φ), Name plate specifications of all machines.
2. Verification of KVL and KCL.
3. Verification of network theorems. (Super position and Thevenin’s Theorem)
4. Calibration of Single Phase Energy Meter.
5. Study the Characteristics of Fluorescent and Incandescent Lamp.
6. Study the behaviors of series RLC circuit.
7. Three phase power measurement by two Wattmeter method.
8. Speed control of D.C Shunt Motor using Field and Armature control.
Course outcome
After the completion of this laboratory course, the student will be able to
CO1 Understand the AC and DC power supplies and their measurement practices
CO2 Analyze the circuits using Kirchoff’s voltage and current laws
CO3 Understand the working of Energy Meter, Power measurement techniques
CO4 Analyze the working principles of motors and generators
CO5 Understanding the concept of loadline by experimental analysis
CO6 Able to understand and analyze the real-time problems of Electrical Technology
applications
26
Assessment Method

Weightage (%) 25% 5% 10% 40%
**************************************************************************
27
EC1102 Introduction to latest ESC 1L: 0T: 0P 1 credit

technological advancements
1. To know the emerging technology trends related in the Electronics and

Communication Engineering domain.
2. To know the other interdisciplinary domains connected with Electronics and
Communication Engineering.
3. To gain knowledge on the recent Industrial advancements.
Course content
Exercise-I: ICT in Engineering Education (MOOCs), Interactive Education tools, Social

networking for Education, ICT for societal development.
Exercise-II: Understanding the latest Mobile Phone Hardware system: Study of sensors,
display, memory, processor functionality other features.
Exercise-III: Introduction to Internet of Things (IoT), Emphasis on Electronics and

Communication field in IoT, challenges and applications.
Exercise-IV: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence, Machine learning applications and

challenges.
Exercise-V: Advancements in telecommunications, 5G networks and challenges.
Exercise-VI: Advancements in RADAR and Space communications - NASA, Indian

Space (ISRO), DRDO others.
Exercise-VII: Recent advancements in VLSI and Signal Processing domains, others.
Learning Resources
Magazines
1. Electrobits magazine.
2. DRDO/ISRO/NASA Newsletters and magazines.
3. Industry newsletters and magazines.
28
Web resources
1. NPTEL/SWAYAM/Coursera/Udemy/
2. Flipboard apps/TED app/ Educational apps etc
3. https://spectrum.ieee.org/
4. https://www.eetimes.com/
5. https://www.digit.in/
6. https://www.ecnmag.com/
7. https://www.techdesignforums.com/
CO 1 Understand the scope of Electronics and Communication Engineering in real-

time applications
CO2 Understand the various available resources so as to get updated with the
current technology trends
CO3 Understand the current technology trends across different domains –
Government sectors and Industries
Assessment Method
Assessment tool Monthly Report submission (End Semester) Total

Seminar
Weightage (%) 75% 25% 100%
*Note:
1. The topics in the course may vary as per the recent technical trends of the Industry.
However, the changes are subjected to the approval of the Institute competent authorities.
2. Industry personnel/People from ISRO/DRDO/Research Center are recommended to
engage in this course.
3. In Assessment Method, among one of the monthly seminars, the student is supposed to
submit video recording of seminar and the same should be played in the classroom.
************************************************************************
29
Programming and Data

CS1109 ESC 3L: 0T: 0P 3 credits
Structures

1. To deduce adequate knowledge in programming language and problem-solving
techniques.
2. To develop programming skills using the fundamentals of C Language.
3. To recognize the effective usage of arrays, structures, functions, pointers.
4. To implement the memory management concepts.
5. To illustrate the usage of pointers and dynamic memory allocation.
6. Explore Data Structures and its applications.
Course Content
Unit- I (5 hours)
Introduction
Computer Hardware, Bits and Bytes, History of Programming Languages, Character Set,
Variables and Identifiers, Built-in Data Types. Operators and Expressions, Constants and
Literals, Simple Assignment Statement, Basic Input/output Statement, Simple 'C'
Program, Conditional Statements and Loops.
Unit – II (6 hours)
Arrays
One Dimensional Arrays, Array Manipulation, Searching, Insertion, Deletion of An
Element from An Array; Finding the Largest/Smallest Element in An Array; Two
Dimensional Arrays, Addition/Multiplication of Two Matrices, Transpose of square
Matrix, Inverse of Matrix, Character Arrays, Multi-dimensional arrays.
Unit – III (8 hours)

Functions
Function Declaration, Function Definition, Function Call, Call by Value, Call by
Reference, Recursion, String Fundamentals, String Handling Functions.
Unit - IV (8 hours)
Structure & Union
Structure Variables, Initialization, Structure Assignment, Nested Structure, Structures and
Functions, Structures and Arrays: Arrays of Structures, Structures Containing Arrays,
Unions.
30
Unit - V (8 hours)
Pointers
Pointer Type Declaration, Pointer Assignment, Pointer Initialization, Pointer Arithmetic,
Functions and Pointers, Arrays and Pointers, Pointer to Pointers, Dangling Memory,
Dynamic Memory Allocations, Storage Classes.

Data Structures
Linked List, Double Linked Lists, Stack, Stack Implementation Using Arrays, Stack
Implementation Using Linked List, Queues, tree traversals.
Learning Resources
Text book
1. ReemaThareja, ‘Data Structures using C’, Oxford Higher Education,2nd Edition.
Reference Books
1. W. Kernighan, Dennis M. Ritchie, ‘C Programming Language’, Prentice Hall
India Learning Private Limited, 2nd Edition.
2. Balagurusamy, ‘Programming in ANSI C’,McGraw Hill Education India Private
Limited; 7th Edition.
3. Yashavant Kanetkar, ‘Let us C’, BPB Publications,14th Edition
Web resources
1. Prof Satyadev Nandakumar, NPTEL-IIT Kanpur, 'Introduction to Programming in
C', URL: https://nptel.ac.in/syllabus/106104128/
2. Dr P P Chakraborty, NPTEL-IIT Kharagpur, 'Programming and Data Structures'
URL: https://nptel.ac.in/courses/106105085/4
3. URL: https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cprogramming/
CO 1 Illustrate the flowchart and design an algorithm for a given problem and to
develop one C program using Operators.
CO 2 Develop conditional and iterative statements to write C Programs.
CO 3 Describe C Programs that use the arrays and its usage.
CO 4 Exercise user defined functions to solve real time problems.
CO 5 Describe C Programs using pointers and to allocate memory using dynamic
memory management functions.
31
CO 6 Explore different data structures and understand.
Assessment Method
Assessment Tool Weekly Monthly tests End Semester Total

tests/Assignments (in semester) Test
(in semester)
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
************************************************************************
32
Programming and Data

CS1189 ESC 0L: 0T: 3P 1.5 credits
Structures Laboratory
Course Learning Objective:
1. Understand the basic concept of C Programming and Data Structures, its different
modules that include conditional and looping expressions, Arrays, Strings,
Functions, Structures, Files, Stacks and Queues.
2. Acquire knowledge about the basic concept of writing a program.
3. Purpose of programming language and its application in problem solving.
List of Experiments
Exercise-1: Introduction to C, Conditional Statements and Loops

1. C Program to calculate the sum of Natural numbers.
2. C Program to generate multiplication table of a given number.
3. C Program to display Fibonacci sequence (Up to given number).
4. C Program to Check whether a given number is prime or not.
5. C Program to make a simple Calculator using switch case.
6. C Program to check whether a number is palindrome or not.
7. C Program to display factors of a given number.
8. C Program to print Pyramids, Triangles and various patters using loops.
Exercise-2: Arrays and Sorting

1. C Program to find second largest Element of an Array.
2. C Program to add two matrix using multi-dimensional arrays.
3. C Program to multiply two matrix using multi-dimensional arrays.
4. C Program to find transpose of a matrix.
5. C Program to Sort Elements of an Array using Bubble sort.
6. Using Insertion Sort, Selection Sort.
7. Using Counting Sort, Bucket Sort 8. Check whether two strings are anagram of
each other or not.
Exercise 3: Functions and Recursion

1. C Program to check whether given number is prime or not using user-defined
function.
2. C Program to swap two integer values using call by value and call by reference.
3. C Program to find the factorial of a given number using recursion.
33
4. C Program to calculate length of string without using strlen() function.

5. C Program to print all permutations of a string (abc, acb, bac, bca, cab, cba).
6. C Program to sort elements in Lexicographical order (Dictionary order) using in
built string functions.
7. Sorting using Merge Sort.
8. Sorting using Quick Sort.
Exercise-4: Structues and Unions

1. C Program using structures to read and display the information about a student.
2. C Program to read, display, add and subtract two complex numbers.
3. C Program to read and display the information of a student using nested structure
4. C Program, using an array of pointers to a structure, to read and display the data of
students.
5. C Program to demonstrate arrays of Union variables.
6. C Program using structures to maintain a book library (Book is a structure) which
has following operations print various types of books along with their count,
author details, search a book by author name or book name or publisher.
Exercise-5: Pointers and File Handling

1. C Program to demonstrate, handling of pointers in C.
2. C Program to access array elements using pointers.
3. C Program to find the sum of n numbers with arrays and pointers.
4. C Program to swap two numbers using pointers and function
5. C Program to find sum of n elements entered by user. To perform this allocate
memory dynamically using malloc() function.
6. C Program to read and write a file.
7. C Program to count number of lines and words.
8. Write a c program to copy a data of file to other file.
Exercise-6: Introduction to Data Structures

1. Write a program to create a linked list and perform insertions and deletions of all
cases. Write functions to sort and finally delete the entire list at once.
2. Write a program to create a doubly linked list and perform insertions and deletions
in all cases.
3. Write a program to perform push, pop and peek operations on a stack.
4. Write a program to implement a linked stack.
5. Write a program to implement a linked queue.
6. Write a program to implement binary search tree insertion.
34
7. Write a program to implement binary search tree traversals (pre-order, post-order,

in-order).
Course outcome: After the completion of this Laboratory course, the student will be able
to
CO 1 Apply and practice logical ability to solve the problems
CO 2 Understand C programming development environment, compiling, debugging,
executing a program using the development environment
CO 3 Analyzing the complexity of problems, modularize the problems into small
modules and then convert them into programs
CO 4 Understand and apply the in-built functions and customized functions for
solving the problems
CO 5 Understand and apply the pointers, memory allocation techniques and use of
files for dealing with variety of problems
CO 6 Understand and apply the structures and unions concept and solving problems
on the same
CO 7 Understand the basic concepts of stacks, queues and applying the same for
basic problems
Assessment Method

Weightage (%) 25% 5% 10% 40%
************************************************************************
35
ENGINEERING FIRST YEAR: SEMESTER-II
MA1201 Mathematical Methods BSC 3L: 1T: 0P 4 credits
Course Learning Objectives:

The objective of this course is to
1. Discuss the properties of vector fields and evaluating integrals by using vector
fields.
2. Discuss the linear transformation and its Eigen values and Eigen vectors.
3. Discuss the complex function continuity and differentiability and analyticity.
4. Evaluate integrals using residues and to solving some types of real integrations by
using complex concepts.
5. Discuss numerical methods to find the roots of polynomial and transcendental
equations Interpolating and Fitting the curves for data points.
6. Evaluate integrals by using numerical methods and solving IVP.
Course Content:

Linear Algebra
Vector Spaces, Linear Combinations of Vectors, Linear dependence and Independence,
System of Linear Equations, Rank of a Matrix, Inverse of a matrix, Eigen values and
Eigen Vectors. Properties for various types of matrices (i.e., symmetric, skew-symmetric,
Hermitian, Skew - Hermitian, Orthogonal, Unitary matrices and Idempotent matrix).
Unit - II
Vector calculus (15 hours)
Scalar and vector fields, level surfaces, directional derivative, Gradient, Curl, Divergence,
Laplacian, line and surface integrals,Green, Gauss and Stokes theorems (without proof)
and problems.

Complex variables and Complex integration
Regions in the complex plane, Limit, Continuity, Elementary functions, Differentiability
and Analyticity of functions, Cauchy-Riemann equations, Line integrals in complex plane,
Cauchy’s integral theorem, Independence of paths, Existence of indefinite integral,
Cauchy’s integral formula, Derivatives of analytic functions.
36
Unit - IV (9 hours)
Residue and applications
Taylor’s series, Laurent’s series, Zeros and singularities, Applications of Residue theorem,
Evaluation of real integrals.
Unit - V (8 hours)
Numerical solution of transcendental equations, Interpolation
Roots of polynomial and transcendental equations – bisection method, Regula-falsi
method and Newton-Raphson method, Finite differences, Newton's forward and backward
interpolation formulae, Lagrange interpolation, divided differences.
Numerical integration and numerical solution of IVP
Trapezoidal rule, Simpson's 1/3rd rule and 3/8th rule for numerical integration, Solution of
IVP by Euler and Runga-Kutta method.
Learning resources
Text book
1. ERWIN KREYSZIG, ‘Advanced Engineering Mathematics’, Wiley-India, 9th
Edition.
Reference Books
1. R. K. Jain and S. R. K. Iyengar, ‘Advanced Engineering Mathematics’, Narosa
Publishing House, New Delhi, 3rd Edition.
2. Erwin Kreyszig, ‘Advanced Engineering Mathematics’, Wiley-India, 8th Edition.
3. B.S.Grewal, ‘A Text Book of Higher Engineering Mathematics’, Khanna
Publishers, 43rd Edition.
4. J.W. Brown and R.V. Churchill, ‘Complex variables and Applications’, McGraw -
Hill 2,8th Edition
Web resources
1. Prof P N Agrawal, NPTEL-IIT Roorkee, ‘Advanced Engineering Mathematics’
2. Prof Jitendra Kumar, NPTEL-IIT Kharagpur, ‘Engineering Mathematics-I’
3. RGUKT Content
37
CO 1 Able to find various integrals by using vector fields.
CO 2 Finding Eigen values and Eigen vector for a linear transformation
CO 3 Check the Analyticity of the given function, able to find complex integrations.
Able to solve complex integrations, real integrations by using residue and
CO 4
Couchy’s theorems.
CO 5 Approximate the roots of polynomial and transcendental equations.
Approximate the value at a point by using given discrete data. Solve IVP
CO 6
numerically.
Assessment Method

Tool
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
************************************************************************
38
Object Oriented
CS1209 ESC 2L: 0T: 0P 2 credits
Programming

1. Gain knowledge about basic Java language syntax and semantics to write Java
programs and use concepts such as variables, conditional and iterative execution
methods etc.,
2. Understanding the fundamentals of object-oriented programming in Java,
including defining classes, objects, invoking methods etc. and exception handling
mechanisms.
3. Understand the principles of inheritance, packages and interfaces.
4. Understand the principles of Multithreading and Applet programming
Course content:
Unit-I (4 hours)
Java Evolution and Overview of Java Language
Java History –Features of java, how java differ from C and C++, Java and World Wide
Web, Web Browser. Java Environment: Java Development kit (JDK), Application
Programming Interface (API).
Java Programming Structure, Java Tokens, Constants, Variables, Expressions, Decision
Making Statements and Looping, Java Statements, Overview of arrays and strings,
Machine Neutral, Java Virtual Machine (JVM), Command Line Arguments
Unit-II (5 hours)
Arrays and Strings
Arrays, One-Dimensional arrays, creating an array, declaration of arrays, initialization of
arrays, Two-Dimensional arrays, String arrays, String methods, String Buffer class,
Vectors, Wrapper classes.
Classes, Objects and Methods
Introduction, defining a class, creating objects, accessing class members, constructors,
methods overloading, static members.
39
Unit-III (4 hours)
Inheritance: Defining a sub class, sub class constructor, multilevel variables, Final
classes, and Finalize methods, Abstract methods and classes, visibility control.
Unit-IV (6 hours)
Managing Errors and Exceptions
Introduction, Types of errors-Compile time and Run time errors, Exceptions, Types of
Exceptions, Syntax of Exception handling code, Multiple catch statements, Using finally
statement, Throwing our own exceptions.
Unit-V (6 hours)
Interfaces and Multithreaded Programming
Introduction, Defining interfaces, extending interfaces, implementing interfaces.
Introduction to threads, Creating Threads, Extending the Thread Class, Implementing the
runnable interface, life cycle of a thread, priority of a thread, synchronization, Dead Lock.
Unit-VI (5 hours)
Applet Programming
Introduction, how applet differ from applications, building applet code, applet life cycle,
About HTML, designing a web page, passing parameters to applets, Getting input from
the User.
Learning resources
Textbooks
1. Herbert Schildt, ‘The Complete Reference Java’, TMH Publishing Company Ltd,
9th Edition.
2. Cay Horstmann, ‘Big Java’, John Wiley and Sons, 2nd Edition
Reference books
1. Allen B. Downey, “Think Java; How to Think Like a Computer Scientist”, Paper
Back, 1stEdition
2. David J. Eck, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, “Introduction to
Programming Using Java” Published by Paper Back
3. H.M.Dietel and P.J.Dietel “Java How to Program”, Sixth Edition, Pearson
Education/PHI
Web reference
1. http://www.nptelvideos.com/java/java_video_lectures_tutorials.php
2. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/java/
40
3. https://www.javatpoint.com/java-tutorial
4. http://mooc.fi/courses/2013/programming-part-1/material.html
5. http://math.hws.edu/javanotes
CO 1 Explain OOPs Principles and Write Basic Java Programs
CO 2 Defining Classes and Objects. Identify classes, objects, members of a class
and relationships among them needed for a specific problem
CO 3 To be able to write Java Programs to demonstrate method overloading and
Demonstrate the concepts of polymorphism and inheritance. Discuss method
overriding V/s method overloading.
CO 4 Explain the benefits of JAVA’s Exceptional handling mechanism compared to
other Programming Language
CO 5 To be able to write Java Programs to demonstrate Packages and Threading
concepts.
Assessment Method

tests/Assignments (In semester) Test
(In semester)
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
************************************************************************
41
Object Oriented
CS1289 ESC 0L: 0T: 3P 1.5 credits
Programming Laboratory
1. To build software development skills using java programming for real-world

applications.
2. To understand and apply the concepts of classes, packages, interfaces, arraylist,
User defined Linked List, File Handling, exception handling and Multi-threading.
List of Experiments
Lab No 1: Basic Programs in JAVA.

Lab No 2: Programming Assignments on Arrays and Strings.
Lab No 3: Programming Assignments on Classes, Objects and Encapsulation.
Lab No 4: Implementing the concepts of Inheritance and Array Objects.
Lab No 5: Implementing the OOPS Concepts of Abstract, Interfaces and Polymorphism.
Lab No 6: Programming Assignments on File Handling.
Lab No 7: Programming Exercises on Exception Handling.
Lab No 8: Working with List Operations.
Lab No 9: Implementing the concepts of Multi-Threading.
Course Outcomes
CO 1 Understanding the control structures and conditional statements in Java

CO 2 Understanding the arrays and String handling in java
CO 3 Understanding the difference between class and object and providing security
for objects
CO 4 Understanding the reusability of objects and working with multiple objects
CO 5 Understanding about hiding the data, getting multiple inheritance through
interfaces
CO 6 Understanding the data processing from files
CO 7 Understanding about handling run time abnormal program executions
CO 8 Understanding about creating user defined linked list and dynamic objects
CO 9 Understanding the multi-threaded programming and inter thread
communication
42
Assessment Method
Assessment Experiments Report/Viva-Voce/ Quiz/MCQ/Lab Total

Tool project
Weightage (%) 25% 15% 40%
*************************************************************************
43
ENGINEERING SECOND YEAR: SEMESTER-I
Computational
EC1285 ESC 0L: 1T: 3P 2.5 credits
Laboratory
List of Experiments
Exercise 1: Python as a tool for computation

Exercise 2: Python for signal processing
Exercise 3: Introduction and familiarization with MATLAB tool
Exercise 4: MATLAB for signal processing and other applications
Exercise 5: Utilisation of Scilab
Learning Resources
Textbooks
1. J. Michael Fitzpatrick and AkosLedeczi,' Computer Programming with MATLAB',
Wordpress
2. Hanspeter langtangen, ‘Python scripting for Computational Science’, Springer
publications
Reference books
1. Misza Kalechman, 'Practical MATLAB-Basics for Engineers', CRC Press.
2. Burkhard A.Meier, ‘Python GUI Programming cookbook’. PACKT publications
Web Resources
1. J. Michael Fitzpatrick and AkosLedeczi, 'Introduction to Programming with
MATLAB'. URL: https://www.coursera.org/learn/matlab
2. Dr Sudarshan Iyengar, NTEL-IIT Ropar, ‘Joy of Computing using Python’.
URL: https://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/106106182/
3. https://www.mathworks.com/academia/educators.html
Course outcome After the completion of this Laboratory course, the student will be able
to
CO 1 To learn the MATLAB environment, python scripting and its programming

fundamentals
CO 2 Ability to write Programs using commands and functions
CO 3 Able to handle polynomials, and use 2D Graphic commands
44
CO 4 Able to understand perform operations on applications related to different

fields
CO 5 Able to perform simulation of a simple prototype design project in Electronics
and communication and relevant fileds
Assessment Method
Assessment Tool Experiments Report/Viva-Voce/ Quiz/MCQ/Lab Total

project
Weightage (%) 25% 15% 40%
*************************************************************************
45
EG1281 English Language Laboratory-1 HSC 0L: 1T: 3P 2.5 credits
Course Objectives
1. The sole aim of the course is to make students effective communicators.

2. The focus of this course is on communication skills which cover the four major
language skills, namely, reading, listening, speaking and writing besides
Functional English grammar.
3. It will improve the language proficiency of the students in English with emphasis
on LSRW skills
4. It will develop the communication skills of the students in both formal and
informal situations.
Unit-I
THEORY – 1 CREDITS - (1.5HRS CONTACT PERIOD IN A WEEK)
“Human Resources” - English For Engineers And Technologists – Theory
LABORATORY / PRACTICALS 1.5 CREDITS - (3HRS CONTACT PERIOD IN A

WEEK). Total contact hours = 13.5 hrs
1. LISTENING
1.1 Podcasts – 5
2. SPEAKING
2.1 British Council – A1 –level – Modules 1-5
2.2 ESL conversations – 5
3. READING
3.1 Introduction to Reading Comprehension Passages
3.2 Types of RC passages
3.3 Tactics to tackle RC questions
4. WRITING
4.1 Rearrangement of Jumbled Words and Sentences
4.2 Format of the Questions
5. Oxford Interactive laboratory – LSRW software – Compulsory Practice
Unit-II
“An Ideal Family” -Panorama: A Course on Reading– Theory

46
1. LISTENING
1.1 Podcasts – 5 – LISTENING SKILLS
2. SPEAKING
2.2 ESL conversations – 5
3. READING
3.1 Types of RC passages
3.2 Time saving tactics
4. WRITING
4.1 Rearrangement of Jumbled Words and Sentences
4.2 Format of the Questions
Unit-III
“Transport: Problems and Solutions”– English for Engineers and Technologists -Theory

1. LISTENING
1.1 Podcasts – 5
2. SPEAKING
2.2 ESL conversations - 5
3. READING
3.1 RC Practice Tests – 5
4. WRITING
4.1 Accuracy Building Zone – Exercises 1 – 5
Unit-IV
“ War ”– Panorama: A course on Reading-Theory

1. LISTENING
1.1 Podcasts – 5 – LISTENING SKILLS
2. SPEAKING
2.1British Council – A1 –level – Modules 16-20
47

3. READING -
3.1. RC Practice Tests – 6-10
4. WRITING
4.1 Accuracy Building Zone – Exercises 6 – 10
Unit-V
“ Evaluating Technology ”– English for Engineers and Technologists -Theory

WEEK)
1. LISTENING
1.1 Podcasts – 5
2. SPEAKING
3. READING -
3.1. RC Practice Tests – 1-5
4. WRITING
4.1Accuracy Building Zone – Exercises 11 – 15
Course outcomes
After the completion of this Laboratory course, the students will be able to
CO 1 Critically analyze a text and be more efficient in comprehensions and
vocabulary.
CO 2 Learn writing effectively.
CO 3 Speak confidently and spontaneously.
CO 4 Present the presentations effectively overcoming stress, fear and anxiety.
CO 5 Build a strong ethical personality.
CO 6 Implementing practically the four skills of English.
References
Textual
1. British Council Face 2 Face Instruction Material
2. Objective English by Edgar Thorpe and Showick Thorpe
3. Oxford Interactive Lab Course
4. English For Engineers And Technologists, published by Orient Blackswan Pvt Ltd
48
5. Non-Detailed Text Book: Panorama – A Course On Reading, published by Oxford

University Press India
Web Resources
1. www.Esl. fast .com
2. www.British council.org
Assessment Method
Assessment Tool Internal External Marks Total Marks
Marks
Weightage (%) 40% 60% 100%
************************************************************************
49
EC1201 Basic Electronics PCC 3L: 1T: 0P 4 credits

1. To make the students understand the fundamentals of Electronic Devices and
Circuits.
2. To design simple Electronic circuits understanding the concept of design
specification and design requirements.
Course Content
Unit-I (6 hours)
Introduction
Intrinsic and Extrinsic semiconductors, Fermi Level in Intrinsic and Extrinsic
semiconductors. Mobility and conductivity, Diffusion currents and drift currents, Injected
minority carrier charge, contact potential, currents in forward and reverse biased junction.
Unit-II (10 hours)

Diodes
The open circuited p-n Junction, Current components in a p-n diode, Volt-Ampere
characteristics (Forward Bias and Reverse Bias and temperature dependence of the V/I
characteristic, Diode Resistance (Static and Dynamic), Diode as a circuit element ,diode
models, Load line concept, Small signal analysis of diode, Transition capacitance and
Diffusion capacitance, Junction diode switching times; Zener diodes, Zener breakdown
and Avalanche breakdown, Zener voltage regulator and its limitations.
Unit-III (10 hours)

PN Diode Applications
Half Wave, Full wave and Bridge rectifiers (their operation, performance calculations),
with Filters (RC, LC, RLC), Ripple factor calculations, Clippers (two level) Transfer
characteristics, clampers; Diode as a switch; Diode as a analog gate, Voltage Multipliers
(Doubler and Tripler).
50
Unit-IV (18 hours)

MOSFETs
MOS capacitor, MOSFET construction, Types of MOSFET (Enhancement type and
Depletion type), derivation of current equation, Regions of operation, second order effects
(Channel-length modulation, body effect), MOSFET characteristics and operating point
including load line analysis, MOSFET as a switch (inverter). Biasing of a MOSFET.
Unit-V (8 hours)
BJT Characteristics
BJT construction, Transistor Junction formation (Collector-Base, Base-Emitter Junctions),
Current components; Modes of Transistor operations; Early Effect, BJT input and output
characteristics in different configurations, BJT as an inverter.
Unit-VI (8 hours)
Transistor Biasing and Stabilization-BJT
Biasing techniques-different types of biasing , Transistor as an amplifier, Thermal
runaway, heat sinks, Thermal stabilization, Operating point stabilization against
temperature and device variations, Stability factors, Bias stabilization and compensation
techniques.
Learning resources
Text book:
1. Jacob Milliman, Christos C. Halkias, and Satyabratajit, 'Electronic Devices and
Circuits' McGraw Hill, 3rd Edition,2012.
2. David A.Bell, 'Electronic Devices and Circuits', Oxford University Press, 5th
edition, 2008.
Reference Books
1. Ben G.StreetMan, Sanjay Kumar Benerjee, 'Solid State Electronic Devices',6th
edition.
Web Resources
1. Prof K Radhakrishna Rao, NPTEL-IIT Madras, 'Electronics for Analog Signal
Processing-I'. URL: https://nptel.ac.in/courses/117106087/
2. Dr. Mahesh B Patil, NPTEL-IIT Bombay, 'Basic Electronics'.
3. Dr. Chitralekha Mahanta,NPTEL - IIT Guwahati, 'Basic Electronics',
51
Course Outcomes : At the end of the course, the student will be able to
Apply the knowledge of basic semiconductor physics and understand the
CO 1
working principles
Analyze the characteristics of various electronic devices like diodes, transistor
CO 2
etc
Classify and analyze the various circuit configurations of transistor and
CO 3
MOSFETs
CO 4 Designing circuits for different applications using diodes
CO 5 Analyze the concept of stability and biasing of transistors
CO 6 Troubleshooting circuits which utilizes diodes, transistors
Assessment Method
(In semester)
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
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52
EC1281 Basic Electronics Laboratory PCC 0L: 0T: 3P 1.5 credits
To get a hands-on experience on the concepts present in Basic Electronics Theory course
and thereby developing practical knowledge in analysis of electronic circuits using
Diodes, BJTs and MOSFETs
List of Experiments
1. Introduction to Lab Components and Electronic instruments.

2. Soldering/De-soldering of components on PCB.
3. Characteristics of PN junction Diode, Zener Diode.
4. Characteristics of LED, Photodiode.
5. Design of voltage regulators using Zener Diodes.
6. Design of Half wave Rectifier, Full wave, Bridge wave rectifier with and without LC,
RC filters.
7. Design and analysis of Clippers and Clampers.
8. Design and analysis of Voltage Multipliers.
9. Design and analysis of analog gate and digital gates.
10. Transfer characteristics of MOSFETs.
11. Characteristics of Common Base, Common Emitter, Common collector
configurations of BJTs.`1
12. Stability analysis and biasing of BJT Circuits.
13. Term project.
Note: It is mandatory to perform experiment on any one of the EDA Tools before the
experiment is performed on hardware. All experiments must be unique, design
specifications should not be common in the lab.
Course outcome:
After the completion of this Laboratory course, the student will be able to
CO 1 Experimental verification of transfer characteristics of diodes and transistors
CO 2 Design voltage regulators using diodes
CO 3 Design multilevel clippers and clampers using diodes
CO 4 Design and troubleshooting circuits which utilizes diodes
CO 5 Experimental analysis of different configurations of transistor circuits
53
CO 6 Design of BJT circuits considering stability and biasing practically

CO 7 Implementing and analysing a practical prototype of Diode/BJT application
Assessment Method
Assessment Experiments Report/Viva- *Term End Total
Tool Voce/ Project and Semester Lab
Quiz/MCQ Viva-Voce Exam
Weightage 15% 15% 30% 40% 100%
(%)
*Term Project may be performed either on hardware or on any EDA tool (LT spice
preferred) platform.
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54
EC1202 Network Theory PCC 3L: 1T: 0P 4 credits

1. To make the students capable of analyzing any given electrical network
2. To equip students with network analysis tools like two port networks, Laplace
transformations, and transient analysis.
Course Content
Unit- I (10 hours)
Basic concepts of Networks
Ohm’s Laws and Kirchhoff’s Laws, Open circuit and Short circuit, Current and Voltage
division rule, Network Reduction Techniques – Series, Parallel, Series Parallel, Star–to-
Delta or Delta-to-Star Transformations, Nodal Analysis and Mesh Analysis. Network
theorem and applications. (Both Independent & Dependent sources).
Unit- II (10 hours)

Transient analysis of First order Circuits
Initial conditions (analysis & Problems) Natural and forced response of RL , RC Circuits,
Transient analysis with different Excitations viz Step, Impulse and Sinusoidal.
Unit-III (10 hours)

Transient analysis of Second order Circuits
Initial conditions (analysis & Problems) Natural and forced response of RLC Circuits,
Transient analysis with different Excitations viz Step and Sinusoidal.
Unit- IV (10 hours)

Circuit Analysis Using Laplace Transform
Introduction to Laplace transform, Circuit element models, Circuit Analysis using
Laplace- examples, Transfer functions, Solution of circuit differential equations using
Laplace transforms.
Unit-V (12 hours)

Two Port Network parameters.
Relationship of two port variables, Open circuit Impedance parameters, Short circuit
Admittance parameters, Transmission Parameters, Hybrid Parameters, Relationship
between parameter sets, Reciprocity and Symmetry, Interconnection of two port networks,
Reciprocity Theorem.
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Unit- VI (8 hours)
State Space Models For Electrical Networks
Concept of state, State equations, Equivalent source method, State space model and
evaluation of state transition matrix, Application to electrical networks.
Learning Resources
Text Books
1. Charles K Alexander, Matthew N O Sadiku, ‘Fundamentals of Electric Circuits’,
Mc Graw Hill – 5th edition.
2. William H. Hayt, Jack Kemmerly, Steven M. Durbin, ‘Engineering Circuit
Analysis’, Tata Mcgraw – Hill, 8th edition.
Reference Books
1. Valkenburg M.E. Van, 'Network Analysis' , Prentice Hall.
2. N. C Jagan, CLakshmi Narayana, 'Network Theory', BS Publications
Web Resources
1. Prof S.C Dutta Roy NPTEL-IIT DELHI, 'Circuit Theory'
2. Prof T K Basu, NPTEL-IIT Kharagpur, 'Networks, Signals and Systems'
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to
CO 1 Analyze the electric circuits using network theorems
CO 2 Deduce transient response for circuits
CO 3 Apply Laplace transformations for solving electric circuits problems
CO 4 Apply graph theory to obtain network theory solutions
CO 5 Analyze electric circuits using two port networks and relevant theorems
CO 6 Apply state space models for electric circuits
Assessment Method

tests/Assignments (in a semester) Test
(in a semester)
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
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56
EC1203 Signals and Systems PCC 3L: 1T: 0P 4 credits

1. To understand the fundamental characteristics of signal and systems.
2. To understand signal and systems in terms of both the time and transform domains,
taking advantage of the complementary insights and tools that these different
perspective provide.
3. To develop mathematical skills to solve problems involving convolution, filtering,
modulation and sampling.
Course content
Course content
Unit - I (10 hours)
Mathematical representations of a signal, Common signals in Engineering: Exponential
and Sinusoidal signals, singularity functions- unit impulse function, unit step function ,
Transformations of the independent & dependent variables, size of a signal, absolutely
integrable & square integrable functions, Characterization & Classification of Signals,
Modeling of systems: input-output description, typical examples of systems,
Characterization, Classification and properties of systems, Interconnections of systems

System Response to Internal Conditions, The representation of CT signals in terms of
impulses, the CT unit impulse response, system response to external input: convolution for
CT LTI systems, Properties of Convolution, Properties of CT LTI systems: memoryless
systems, stability, invertibility, causality; unit step response, Differential equation models
& Solution of differential equations: Natural & Forced responses, ZIR & ZSR, stability in
terms of natural response, System response to complex exponential inputs
Unit- III (12 hours)

Signals and Vectors, Signal comparison: correlation, Signal representation by orthogonal
signal set, Trigonometric Fourier series, Wave Symmetry, exponential Fourier series,
Convergence of the Fourier series and Gibbs Phenomenon, frequency spectra, Properties
of Fourier series, Power representation using Fourier series, LTI system response to
periodic inputs.
57
Unit- IV (10 hours)

Development of CTFT of an aperiodic signal, Convergence of CTFT, CTFT of some
useful functions, Magnitude and Phase representation of CTFT, The CTFT of periodic
signals, Properties of CTFT, Frequency spectra of signals, Signal bandwidth, System
bandwidth, Frequency response of LTI systems, Energy and Power Density Spectra.
Unit-V (12 hours)

The Laplace Transform, Region of Convergence, Laplace transform of elementary
functions, Properties of Laplace Transform, The Inverse Laplace Transform, Response of
LTI systems, System Functions, Relationship between Laplace Transform and Fourier
Transform, Solution of differential and Integro-Differential Equations
Unit-VI (6 hours)
Periodic sampling, Sampling theorem, Pre filtering to avoid aliasing, Frequency domain
representation of sampling, Reconstruction of a band limited signal from its samples,
Sampling of band pass signals.
Learning Resources
Text Books
1. Alan V Oppenheim, Alan V Willsky, S. Hamid Nawab, 'Signals and Systems', 2nd
edition, Pearson/PHI, 2015
2. B P Lathi, 'Principles of Signal Processing and Linear Systems', 1st edition, Oxford
University press, 2009
Reference Books
1. Simon Haykin, Van Veen, 'Signals & Systems', 2nd Edition, Wiley Publications, 2007.
2. Mahamood Nahvi, 'Signals and Systems', McGraw Hill Publishers, 1st edition, 2015.
Web Resources
1. Prof. Alan V. Oppenheim, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), ‘Signals and

System’. URL: https://ocw.mit.edu/resources/res-6-007-signals-and-systems-spring-
2011/video-lectures/
2. Prof. K S venkatesh, NPTEL-IIT Kanpur, ‘Signals and Systems’.
3. Prof. V.G.K. Murti, NPTEL-IIT Madras, ‘Networks and Systems’.
58
Course outcomes
CO 1 Analyze the spectral characteristics of continuous-time periodic and aperiodic

signals using Fourier analysis.
CO 2 Classify systems based on their properties and determine the response of LSI
system using convolution.
CO 3 Analyze system properties based on impulse response and Fourier analysis.
CO 4 Apply the Laplace transform for analyze continuous-time and discrete-time
signals and systems.
CO 5 Understand the process of sampling and the effects of under sampling.
Assessment Method

Tool
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
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59
MA2101 Probability and Random variables BSC 2L: 1T: 0P 3 credits
1. To provide mathematical background and sufficient experience so that the student

can read, write, and understand sentences in the language of probability theory, as
well as solve probabilistic problems in signal processing and Communication
Engineering
2. To introduce students to the basic methodology of “probabilistic thinking” and to
apply it to problems.
3. To understand basic concepts of probability theory and random variables, how to
deal with multiple random variables, Conditional probability and conditional
expectation, joint distribution and independence, mean square estimation.
4. 4 To understand the difference between time averages and statistical averages.
5. Analysis of random process and application to the signal processing in the
communication system.
6. To teach students how to apply sums and integrals to compute probabilities, means
and expectations.
Course Content:
Unit - I (08 hours)

Permutations and Combinations, Probability introduction through Sets and Relative
Frequency, Experiments and Sample Spaces, Discrete and Continuous Sample Spaces,
Events, Probability Definitions and Axioms, Mathematical Model of Experiments,
Probability as a Relative Frequency, Joint Probability, Conditional Probability, Total
Probability, Bayes’ Theorem and Independent Events.

Definition of random variable, discrete and continuous random variables, independent
random variables. Distribution function and its properties, probability mass function,
probability density function and their properties. Expectation of a random variable and its
properties. Variance of a random variable and its properties. Definition of bivariate
random variable, discrete and continuous bivariate random variables, distribution function
of a bivariate random variable, joint probability mass function, joint probability density
function, marginal probability mass function, marginal probability density function,
conditional probability mass function and conditional probability density function.
60
Unit-III (10 hours)

Discrete distributions: Bernoulli, Binomial, Poisson, Negative Binomial, Geometric and
hyper geometric distributions (Find their mean, variance and problems). Continuous
distributions: Uniform, Exponential, Normal, Beta and Gamma distributions. Covariance,
Correlation coefficient (Karl Pearson), Functions of Random variables.
Unit –IV (05 hours)

Linear regression and Curve fitting: Fitting a straight line and parabola.
Unit – V (07 hours)

Markov’s inequality, Chebyshev’s inequality and Cauchy-Schwartz’s inequality (with
proofs). Generating functions: Moment generating function (M.G.F) and its properties,
characteristic functions (C.F) and its properties, Cumulant generating function (C.G.F)
and its properties, probability generating function (P.G.F) and its properties.

Order statistics, Sequence of Random Variables, Convergence of a Sequence of Random
Variables, Convergence Theorems: WLLN (weak law of large numbers), SLLN (strong
law of large numbers) and Central limit theorem.
Learning resources
Text book
1. Peyton Z. Peebles, ‘Probability, Random Variables & Random Signal Principles’,
TMH, 4th Edition, 2001.
Reference Books
1. George R. Cooper, Clave D. MC Gillem, ‘Probability Methods of Signal and
System Analysis’, Oxford,3 Edition,1999.
2. S.P. Eugene Xavier, ‘Statistical Theory of Communication’, New Age
Publications, 1997.
3. Athanasios Papoulis and S. Unnikrishna Pillai’, Probability, Random Variables
and Stochastic Processes’, TMH, 4th Edition.
Web resources:
1. Prof M. Chakraborty, NPTEL-IIT Kharagpur, 'Probability and Random Variables'.
2. Prof M Dharmaraja, NPTEL-IIT Delhi, 'Introduction to Probability Theory and
Stochastic Process'. URL: https://nptel.ac.in/courses/111102111
61
CO 1 Apply Simple probabilities using an appropriate sample space.
CO 2 Apply Simple probabilities and expectations from probability density functions.
CO 3 Apply problem-solving techniques to solving real-world events.
CO 4 Apply selected probability distributions to solve problems.
CO 5 Apply Mean and covariance functions for simple random processes.
CO 6 Interpret and clearly present output from statistical analysis.
Assessment Method
Assessment Weekly tests Monthly End Semester Test Total

Tool tests
Weight age (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
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62
EC2185 Internet of Things Lab ESC 0L: 0T: 3P 1.5 Credits

1. To assess the vision and introduction of IoT.
2. To understand IoT Market perspective.
3. To implement Data and Knowledge Management and use of Devices in IoT
Technology
4. To indulge in designing of prototype hardware for different IoT application
Course Content:
Exercise – I
Introduction & Overview of Internet of things
The Internet of things today and tomorrow, IoT architecture outline , Functional blocks of
IOT , industrial IOT, IOT enabled Smart devices in market, Application areas for IOT,
Challenges in IOT. Hardware and Software tools required for IOT application
development, Overview of IOT based on Particle Hardware platforms and IDE’s for
development.
Exercise - II
Exploring the arduino board and its software IDE
The Arduino board, The command area, text area and message window area. Setup
function, Controlling the hardware, loop functionality, verifying your sketch, uploading
and running your sketch and finally modifying your sketch according to your requirement.
Exercise - III
Introduction to sensors and displays
Interfacing sensors to Arduino boards about the sensor, the circuit connections, sketch
(software program), Application.And interfacing displays to arduino board
Exercise - IV
Communication
Wireless communication, introduction to Bluetooth module, interfacing to Arduino in both
one way communication and two way communication, controlling an LED in wireless
mode, interfacing wifi module with arduino controlling things by using local network.
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Exercise - V
Introduction to NodeMCU (ESP32 Wi-Fi SoC)
Controlling the things with Nodemcu using wifi communication in both ways and
interfacing nodemcu with various peripheral devices. Compare Esp8266 with other
arduino boards
Exercise – VI
Introduction to Cloud platforms
IOT device to cloud storage communication Model, need of Cloud services in IOT,
different Cloud storage services available today, Cloud Data processing and frame format,
Role of Smart phones in IOT, Examples on Home automation and Smart city
development, Introduction to clouds like Temboo, Blynk, Pubnub etc.
Exercise -VII
Introduction to GSM, GPS Module
Interfacing Arduino (uno) with Gsm, Module 2G communication and interfacing GPS
module for tracking location.
Exercise –VIII
Interfacing to External devices
Interfacing Arduino with External storage, Ex: SD card (reading,writing)Handling
Interrupts and memory management and Ethernet communication.
Exercise –IX
Introduction to Rasberry pi
Features, Comparison with Arduino, Hardware details and Programming.
Exercise –X
App Inventor
Create apps with coding, Designing apps and interfacing with Arduino.
Exercise –XI
Any one of the project from the list below
Project -I
1. Home Automation with blue tooth and wifi and controlling the things with Mobile
Apps
2. Designing water level controller.
Project -II
1. Designing women safety system with GPS and GSM module
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2. Designing secured car parking system using GPS and GSM module
Project -III
1. Uploading sensor information to cloud, operating and Monitoring
2. Designing Smart Hospital with IoT devices.
Learning resources
Text Books:
1. Cuno Pfister, ‘Getting started with the Internet of Things: Connecting sensors and
Microcontrollers to the Cloud’, O’Reilly Media Inc. Publications
2. Daniel Kellmereit, Daniel Obodovski, ‘The Silent Intelligence: The Internet of
Things’, DND Ventures LLC Publications
Reference Books:
1. Pethuru Raj and Anupama C. Raman, ‘The Internet of Things: Enabling
Technologies, Platforms and use cases’, CRC Press
2. Arshdeep Bahga and Vijay Madisetti, ‘Internet of Things: A hands-on approach’,
Universities Press
Web resources:
1. Prof Sudip Misra, NPTEL-IIT Kharagpur, 'Introduction to Internet of Things’
Course outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will

CO1 Understand and analyze concepts of Internet of Things
CO2 Familiar with arduino board and its software
CO3 Interfacing sensors with arduino board and its working
CO4 Analyze basic protocols in wireless sensor network
CO5 Understand NodeMCU arduino board for global communication
CO6 Understand cloud platform to operate our devices through controller
CO7 Design IoT applications in different domain and be able to analyze their
performance
Assessment Method:
Assessment Tool (Internal Exam) End Semester Lab Examination Total

Hardware Project
submission
Weightage (%) 40% 60% 100%
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65
EC2101 Analog Electronic Circuits PCC 3L: 1T: 0P 4 credits
To make the students understand the concept of amplifier designs using BJTs and
MOSFETs and comparison between similar designs
Course content
Unit-I (10 hours)

MOSFET Biasing and Its Small Signal Analysis
Regions of operation of MOSFET, Biasing, Large signal and Small signal models,
Channel length modulation, Design of MOSFET amplifier in Common Source, Common
Gate and Common Drain configurations. Calculating small signal resistances of different
MOSFET circuits.
Unit-II (12 hours)

Multi-Stage Amplifiers & Differential Amplifiers of MOSFET
Cascade Amplifiers, Millers theorem, and Cascode amplifiers, Frequency Analysis of
Multi Stage Amplifiers, Calculation of lower & higher cutoff frequencies.
Operation of Differential Amplifier, Transfer characteristics of Differential amplifier,
Biasing of Differential amplifiers, MOSFET differential amplifiers using resistive loads,
Calculations of Differential gain, Common mode gain and CMRR. Step response of a
Differential amplifier.
Unit-III (8 hours)
Current mirrors in MOSFETs
Design of various configurations MOSFET (CS,CG,CD) amplifiers using current mirrors.
Design of a differential amplifier with MOSFET using active load using current mirrors.
Design of Single stage and two stage opamp.
Unit-IV
CMOS circuits (12 hours)
NMOS and PMOS inverter, NMOS inverter using active load; CMOS inverter, Pull up
network and Pull down network (PUN and PDN), logic gates using CMOS, static power
66
and dynamic power, noise margin. Pass Transistor Logic, Transmission gates. Bistability
principle, Latches, Flip flops.
Unit-V (8 hours)
BJT- Configurations and Multi stage amplifiers
BJT - small signal analysis, Comparison between Large signal models and small signal
models. and amplification and small signal resistances in different configurations (CE,CB
and CC) and multi stage amplifiers.
Unit-VI (10 hours)

BJT- Differential amplifiers and Current mirrors
Design of various configurations BJT (CE,CB and CC) amplifiers using current mirrors.
Design of a differential amplifier with BJT using active load using current mirrors.
Design of Single stage and two stage opamp.
Learning Resources
Textbooks
1. Behzad Razavi, 'Fundamentals of Microelectronics',Wiley Publications

2. Sedra and Smith, 'Microelectronics Circuits', Oxford Publications,6th Edition.
Reference Books
1. Boylestad R. L. and L. Nashelsky, 'Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory', 10/e or

11/e, Pearson, 2009.
2. Millman J. and C. Halkias, 'Integrated Electronics', 2/e, TMH, 2010.
3. Neamen D., 'Electronic Circuit Analysis and Design', 3/e, TMH, 2006
4. Spencer R. R. and M. S. Ghausi, 'Introduction to Electronic Circuit Design',
Pearson, 2003
Web Resources
1. Prof.K.Radhakrishna Rao, NPTEL-IIT Madras, 'Electronics for Analog signal

processing - I', URL: http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117106087/
CO 1 Understand the small-signal analysis and large-signal model for BJT
circuits
CO 2 Design of BJT and MOSFET amplifiers in different configurations
CO 3 Design and analyze of multi-stage amplifiers
67
CO 4 Design and analyze differential amplifiers with active and passive loads
CO 5 Design and analyze feedback amplifiers in different configurations
CO 6 Use these engineering abstractions to analyze and design simple electronic
circuits using EDA tools
Assessment Method
Tool
(In semester) (In semester)
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
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68
EC2181 Analog Electronic Circuits Laboratory PCC 0L: 0T: 3P 1.5 credits
To make understand the concept of single stage and multistage amplifier design using
BJTs and MOSFETs
List of Experiments
1. Characterization of MOSFET.
2. Design and Analysis of Single stage amplifier using MOSFETs
i. Common Source configuration.
ii.Common Gate configuration.
iii.Common drain configuration.
3. Design and Analysis of Multi Stage Amplifier using MOSFETs
i. Cascade Amplifier.
ii.Cascode Amplifier.
4. Design of amplifiers using Current mirrors.
5. Design and analysis of Single stage amplifier using BJTs
i. Common Emitter Configuration.
ii.Common Collector Configuration.
iii.Common Base Configuration.
6. Differential amplifiers with passive load (Designing a specified value
of CMRR).
7. Step response of a differential amplifier and designing for a rise time.
8. Single tuned amplifier design.
9. Design of Class-B power amplifier.
10. Design, build and test Public addressing system.
11. Term Project.
Note: It is mandatory to perform experiment on any one of the EDA Tools (LT spice tool)
before the experiment is done on hardware. All experiments must be unique, design
specifications should not be common in the lab
Course outcome
69
CO 1 Determine the characteristics BJT amplifiers in CE,CB,CC configurations

CO 2 Determine the characteristics of MOSFET amplifiers in CS,CG,CD
configurations
CO 3 Determine the characteristics of Cascade and Cascode amplfiers
CO 4 Designing feedback amplifiers with different configurations
CO 5 Design of differential amplifiers with active and passive loads
CO 6 Design and testing of public addressing system
CO 7 Design of a simple electronic circuit which uses multistage amplifiers
Assessment Method

project
Weightage (%) 25% 15% 40%
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70
EC2102 Digital Logic Design PCC 3L: 1T: 0P 4 credits
1. To discuss the concepts of Number systems and representations used in the

computers, combinational design, sequential designs and complete system design
at gate-level abstraction
2. To discuss the important features of IC design like area, power and delay.
3. To design a simple digital system at gate-level as per the design specifications.
Course Content
Unit-I (6 hours)
Number systems-Representations-Conversions, Boolean constants and variables, basic
gates: operation and truth tables, describing logic gates algebraically, evaluating logic
circuit outputs, implementing circuits from Boolean expressions, universality of gates,
Boolean theorems, Demorgan’s theorems, alternate logic gate representations, IEEE/ANSI
standard logic symbols.
Unit-II (12 hours)

Combinational circuit minimization using Boolean laws and Karnaugh maps, multi-level
synthesis, timing hazards, logic levels and noise margins, Fan-out, Fan-in. Single bit
adders and subtractors, multi-bit adders, BCD adder, multi-bit subtraction using adders,
signed multiplier, unsigned multiplier, code converters, parity bit generators/checkers,
magnitude comparator. Delay, Area and Power analysis in combinational circuit designs.
Conversion of real-time statements into Boolean expressions and design of gate-level
logic circuits.
Unit-III (10 hours)

Bistable elements, Latches and Flip-flops : S-R latch , S’ – R’ Latch, S-R latch with
enable, D latch, Race-around condition and elimination methods. Edge triggered D flip
flop, Edge triggered D flip flop with asynchronous inputs, master-slave flip-flop, edge
triggered J-K flip-flop with asynchronous inputs, T flip-flops. Excitation tables,
Characteristic equations.
Flip-flop timing consideration: set-up time, hold-time discussion using positive edge-
triggered D-Flip flop.
71
Unit-IV (14 hours)

Frequency division and counting. Design and analysis of asynchronous counters, Delay
considerations and limitations on maximum clock frequency, Design and analysis of
synchronous counters. BCD counter, Ring counter, Johnson counters. State diagram
overview (Present States, Next states, Present outputs, Present inputs). Serial / Parallel
data transfer registers: PIPO register, SISO register, PISO register, SIPO register.
Unit-V (10 hours)

Decoders: Binary decoder, synthesis of logic functions using decoders, cascading binary
decoders, seven-segment decoders, applications.
Multiplexers: synthesis of logic functions using multiplexers applications.
Demultiplexers: Realization, 1-4 and 1-8 line demultiplexers, demultiplexer tree.
Encoders: Priority encoders. Implementation of functions using programmable logic
devices: PAL, PLA, PROM.
Unit-VI (8 hours)
Memory – Structure and Timing: Static RAM, Dynamic Ram. Architecture: CPLD, FPGA
Design and analysis of Digital circuits: Digital Clock, Digital calendar, Traffic light
controller, Mobile number sequence generators and other relevant topics
Learning Resources
Text books
1. Ronald J Tocci, Neal S.Widmer, Gregory L.Moss, 'Digital systems' Pearson 10th
edition.
2. John F.Wakerly, 'Digital Design' , Pearson 4th edition
Reference books
1. Stephen Brown, Zvonko Vranesic, 'Fundamentals of Digital Logic with Verilog
Design', TMH, 2nd edition.
Web Resources
1. Prof. Shankar Balachandran, NPTEL-IIT Madras, 'Digital Circuits & Systems'
2. Prof. S Srinivasan, NPTEL-IIT Madras, 'Digital Circuits and Systems'
72
CO 1 Apply the knowledge of simplification in obtaining optimal digital circuits

CO 2 Study and examine the SSI, MSI, LSI and Programmable elements
CO 3 Analyse the operation of synchronous and asynchronous state machines
CO 4 Design any combinational or sequential digital circuits to meet the given
specifications
CO 5 Analyze any digital circuit and to debug such circuit
CO 6 Prototype a real time application on EDA tool
Assessment Method
tests/Assignments (in a semester)
(in a semester)
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
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73
EC2182 Digital Logic Design Laboratory PCC 0L: 0T: 3P 1.5 credits
1. Expose the student to the concepts of Digital System Design and its applications
2. To understand the practical aspects of combinational and sequential circuit design
3. To design a prototype digital logic design system
.
List of Experiments
1. Familiarization with logic gate IC’s, voltage-levels understand the concept of noise-
margin. Troubleshooting digital circuits.
2. Design of code converters and comparators (8-bit) on bread board.
3. Adder related experiments: Half adder , full adder , half subtractor, full subtractor ,
ripple carry adder, BCD adder, carry look ahead adder using IC.
4. Design of a binary multiplier and displaying its inputs and outputs on seven segment
display unit.
5. Design and verification of SR, JK, D, T latch/flip-flops. Verification and elimination
of Race Around Condition.
6. Flip-flop conversions and Design of frequency dividers.
7. Design of synchronous counters (Up and Down) and displaying result on seven
segment display unit
a. Design of Mod n ≤ 2n counter design(total 8 states, design of mod6 and
mod7 with clear).
b. Design and IC verification of Decade counter.
c. Cascading of counters.
8. Synchronous counter design and displaying result on seven segment display unit
a. Random sequence.
b. Ring counter/Johnson counter.
9. Familiarization with multiplexer, decoder, encoder. Design of Half adder, full adder,
magnitude comparator and other examples using above familiarized components.
10. Design of a mobile number sequence generator in synchronous state machine design
and in asynchronous state machine design.
11. Design of a digital clock in synchronous state machine design and in asynchronous
state machine design.
12. Design of gate-level circuit for generation of 2’s complement, 1’s complement and
sign-magnitude form of a given 4-bit signed number.
74
13. Design and submission of term project
Note:
1. It is mandatory to perform experiment on any one of the EDA Tools (Multisim)
before the experiment is done on hardware. All experiments must be unique,
design specifications should not be common in the lab
Course outcome: After the completion of this Laboratory course, the student will be able
to
CO 1 Understand the practical aspects in working of discrete digital components
CO 2 Utilize the ICs of Decoder, Multiplexer, Seven segment display unit in
combination circuit design
CO 3 Utilize the ICs of suitable Flip-flops in sequential circuit design
CO 4 Utilize the Programmable Logic devices in digital design
CO 5 Understand the concepts of setup time, hold time, propagation delays
CO 6 Design circuits with optimal features of Area, Power and delay
CO 7 Design and implement prototypes of complete digital systems
Assessment Method

Weightage 15% 15% 30% 40% 100%
(%)
*Term Project may be hardware implementation or on EDA (Multisim) platform

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75
EC2103 Digital Signal Processing PCC 3L: 1T: 0P 4 credits
Course Objectives:
1. To understand the mathematical approach to manipulate discrete time signals,

which are useful to learn digital telecommunication
2. To study the transformations on digital signals.
3. To understand the concepts of digital filters
SYLLABUS:
Unit‐I (10 hours)

Introduction
A basic review of Signals and Systems, Basic elements of digital signal processing, Time
domain representation of discrete time signals, Basic Operations on sequences including
Sampling rate alteration, Classification of sequences. Discrete time systems, Time domain
characterization of LTI DTS: Convolution sum, Impulse & Step Responses, Simple
Interconnection schemes, Linear Constant Coefficient Difference Equations (of Finite-
dimensional LTI DTS), Classification of LTI DTS: FIR & IIR, Recursive, & Non-
recursive.
Unit-II (10 hours)

Discrete Time Fourier Transform (DTFT)
Introduction, Fourier Transform Representation of aperiodic Discrete-Time Signals,
Periodicity-convergence of DTFT, Properties of DTFT, Signal Transmission Through
LTI Systems, Ideal and Practical Filters, energy spectral Density, Power spectral Density.
Unit-III (12 hours)

Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)
Sampling of DTFT, Discrete Fourier Transform(DFT) and its Inverse, DFT as a Linear
Transformation, Properties of DFT, Linear Convolution Using the DFT, Filtering of Long
Data Sequences Using DFT, Spectrum analysis Using DFT.
Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)
Introduction ,Computational Complexity of the Direct Computation of the DFT ,
Decimation-In-Time (DIT) FFT Algorithm, Decimation-in-Frequency (DIF) FFT
Algorithm and their comparison, Inverse DFT using FFT Algorithm, A Linear Filtering
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Approach to Computation of the DFT-The Goertzel Algorithm ,The Chirp-z Transform

Algorithm
Unit –IV (10 hours)

Z‐transforms
Introduction ,Bilateral (Two-sided) Z-transform , Relationship Between Z-transform and
DTFT,Z-Plane, Region-of-Convergence for Z-transforms and their properties, properties
of Z-transform, Z-Transform of Causal Periodic Signals, Inversion of the Z-transform,
Analysis and Characterization of LTI Systems using the Z-transform.
The Unilateral (One-Sided) Z-transform, Properties of unilateral Z-Transform. Transient
Response and Steady-State Response Block Diagrams Representation. Applications of Z-
Transform in Signal Processing
Unit ‐V (8 hours)
Filter Concepts
Introduction, Frequency Response and Filter Characteristics, Zero-Phase Filter, Linear
phase Filter, simple FIR and IIR Digital Filter, All pass Filters, Minimum-Phase,
Maximum-Phase and Non-minimum (Mixed) Phase Systems, averaging filter, comb filter,
Notch filter.
Unit-VI (10 hours)

Realization Of Digital Filters
Introduction, FIR Filter, IIR Filter, Non-recursive and Recursive Structures, FIR Filter
Structures, Basic Structures for IIR Systems , Lattice Structures for FIR and IIR systems.
Text Books
1. A.V.Oppenheim and R.W. Schaffer, ‘Discrete Time Signal Processing’, 3rd edition,
Pearson Education/PHI, 2014.
2. John G. Proakis, Dimitris G.Manolakis, ‘Digital Signal Processing, Principles,
Algorithms, and Applications’, 4th edition, Pearson Education / PHI, 2007
Reference Books
1. Sanjit K Mitra, ‘Digital signal processing: A computer base approach’, 4thedition,
Tata McGraw Hill, 2013
2. B.P.Lathi, Roger Green, ‘Essentials of Digital Signal Processing’, Cambridge
University Press, 2014
77
Video Reference Links
1. Prof Alan V. Oppenheim, OCW- Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT),

‘Digital Signal Processing’.
URL:https://ocw.mit.edu/resources/res-6-008-digital-signal-processing-spring-
2011/index.htm
2. Prof S C Dutta Roy, NPTEL-IIT Delhi, ‘Digital Signal Processing’
3. Prof T K Basu, NPTEL-IIT Kharagpur, ‘Digital Signal Processing’
Course Outcomes: After the completion of the course, the students will be able to
CO1 Interpret ,represent and process discrete/digital signals and systems
CO2 Understand the spectral analysis of signals

CO3 Design &analyze DSP systems like FIR and IIR Filter etc
CO4 Familiarize with multirate signal processing
CO5 Familiarize with applications of Digital Signal Processing

Tool
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
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ENGINEERING SECOND YEAR: SEMESTER-II
Digital Signal Processing

EC2183 PCC 0L: 0T: 3P 1.5 credits
Laboratory
1. To perform experimental analysis on mathematical tools of Digital Signal Processing

using MATLAB and also on Digital Signal Processors
2. To associate Digital Signal Processing to real time applications
List of Experiments
Part A: Experiments using MATLAB

1. Generation of various Continuous-time and discrete-time signals,
Study of various basic operations on discrete time signals (both dependent &
independent variables)
2. DTFT and DFT, DFT Spectral Analysis
3. Sampling, Convolution, LTI systems, and Difference Equations
4. Difference Equations, z-Transforms, Pole-Zero Diagrams, BIBO Stability and
5. Quantization Effects
6. FIR Filter Design
7. IIR Filter Design
8. Term Project
Part B: Experiments Using DSP Processor

1. To perform the linear convolution and circular convolution of the two given
discrete sequences
2. To implement the FIR filters that meet the given specifications
3. To implement the IIR filters that meet the given specifications
4. To analyze the real time audio signal and extract various features
5. To analyze an image and extract various features
6. Term Project
Note: Above experiments will be implemented on Raspberry Pi boards also with python
programming.
79
CO 1 Generate continuous and discrete time signals

CO 2 Matlab implementation of DTFT and DFT
CO 3 Matlab implementation of Sampling and Convolution on LTI systems
CO 4 Utilizing Z-transforms on signal analysis
CO 5 Design of FIR and IIR Filters using Matlab
CO 6 Analysis of real time audio signals and image extraction using DSP Processors
CO 7 Design and analysis of a prototype application using DSP processor and
simulation of the same using Matlab
Assessment Method
project
Weightage (%) 25% 15% 40%
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80
EC2104 Control Systems PCC 3L: 0T: 0P 3 credits
1. To explore the modeling of linear dynamic systems via differential equations and
transfer functions utilizing state- pace and input-output representations.
2. Analysis of control systems in the time and frequency domains and using transfer
function and state-space methods.
3. Study of the classical stability tests, such as the Routh-Hurwitz and Nyquist
criterions, and design methods using root-locus plots and Bode plots.
Course content
Introduction-Open loop and closed loop control systems- Transfer functions- Block
diagrams and their reduction - Signal flow graphs - Mason’s gain formula.
Mathematical modeling and transfer functions of electrical circuits and mechanical
systems. Principle and operation of Servomotors and Stepper motors.

Standard test signals, step response of first and second order systems – Time response
specifications – steady state error – static error and generalized error coefficients –
response with proportional, derivative and integral controllers.
Unit – IV (8 hours)
Concept – characteristic equation – location of roots in the s-plane for stability – Routh-
Hurwitz criterion –– Root locus – rules for the construction of root locus- construction of
root locus using MATLAB/SIMULINK.
Introduction -Bode plots – Gain margin and Phase margin - Polar plots - Nyquist stability
criterion – Need for compensators - Lag and lead compensators in frequency domain.
81
Unit-VI (9 hours)
Concepts of state, state variables and state model, derivation of State models from block
diagrams,Diagonalization ,Solving the Time invariant state Equation, state transition
Matrix and it’ s Properties ,Concepts of Controllability and Observability.
Learning Resources
Text Books
1. B.C.Kuo, ‘Automatic Control systems’, John Wiley and Sons, 8th edition,2003.
2. K.Ogata, ‘Modern Control Engineering’, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 5th
edition, 2010.
References
1. I.J.Nagrath and M.Gopal,‘Control system Engg’, New Age International (P)
Limited Publishers,5thedition, 2007.
2. Norman S. Nise,‘Control system engineering’, Wiley India, 5th edition 2000.
Video Reference links:

1. Prof. MadanGopal, NPTEL- IIT Delhi, ‘Control Engineering’, URL:
http://nptel.ac.in/courses/108102043/
2. Prof. S.D. Agashe, NPTEL-IIT Bombay, ‘Control Engineering’, URL:
3. Prof. MadanGopal, NPTEL-IIT Delhi, ‘Control Engineering’, URL:
Course outcomes: At the end of the course, the students will be able to
CO 1 Analyze controllability and observability of linear systems.

CO 2 Design state-space controller and appropriate (deterministic) observer.
Design controller with frequency design methods.
CO 3
CO 4 Apply root-locus method for analysis and synthesis.
CO 5 Apply pole placement controller design approach.
CO 6 Design linear quadratic regulator for discrete-time systems.
Assessment Method
Tool (In semester) (In semester)
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
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82
EC2285 Robotics Laboratory ESC 1L: 0T: 3P 2.5 credits
1. To differentiate different types of robots.

2. To analyze the components of robots, sensors, actuators.
3. To be exposed to coordinate transformations, I/O logic, wireless and wired
communication.
4. To explore the applications of Arduino and Raspberry pi for Robotics
5. To get familiarization with aerial robotics: Drones
Course Content:
Exercise- I
Introduction to Robotics
What is robot and robotics, already designed robots, Manual and Autonomous robots,
Different types of industrial ARM robots, and arm design, Coordinate transformations for
more motor moments, Electrical connections of different boards and modules: How to
connect closed circuit, digital and analog pins connections.
Exercise-II
Logic design, Actuators and sensors
Logic and binary math conversions: OR, AND, XOR, XNOR gates, binary and
hexadecimal conversions, Introduction to Arduino, Actuators, Sensors, Wired and wireless
communication, I/O communication through USB cable, Bluetooth HC05, RF modules,
DTMF module, Xbee modules.
Exercise-III
Basic robots and Raspberry Pi
Line follower: Line follower robot design and control with Arduino board, Obstacles
avoider: Obstacle avoider robot with IR sensors and Arduino board, Mobile controller:
Mobile controller robot with DTMF module and HC05 module, Introduction to Raspberry
pi: What is raspberry and differences between Arduino and raspberry pi, Applications of
robotics.
83
Exercise – IV
Introduction to Aerial robots and Drones
List of Experiments:
1. Introduction to Robotics: Study of different parts of a robot.

2. Study of various aspects with respect to on-board sensors, actuators, drivers and
other peripherals.
3. Familiarization with 8051, 8052 micro-controller board.
4. Familiarization with Arduino Boards along with Actuator Testing.
5. Building Line Follower Robot.
6. Enhanced Line Follower Robot design using state machines and coding for state
machines.
7. Introduction to Bluetooth, Wi-Fi module, DTMF and building a Mobile Controller
Robot.
8. Introduction to Raspberry Pi.
9. Usage of GPIO and Raspberry Pi Camera Module on Raspberry Pi board.
10. Colour Detection and Segmentation and building colour tracking Robot.
11. Introduction to Aerial Robots (Drones, UAV etc.)
12. Introduction to Pixhawk Auto-Pilot.
13. Calibration of Drone and Flight Test.
14. Team Project.
Text Books:
1. John J. Craig, ‘Introduction to Robotics: Mechanics and Control’, Pearson
Publications, 2005.
2. Siegwart R and Nour bakhsh I.R, ‘Introduction to Autonomous Mobile
Robots’, Prentice Hall India, 2005.
Reference Books:
1. Murphy Robin R, ‘Introduction to AI Robotics’, MIT Press, 2000.
2. MykePredko, “Programming Robot Controllers” – McGraw-Hill, 1st edition,
2003.
Video Reference:
1. Prof. Khatib, Stanford University, ‘Introduction to Robotics’
URL: https://see.stanford.edu/Course/CS223A
84
Course Outcomes:
CO1 Learners will be able to differentiate different types of robots.
CO2 Learners will be able to analyse the components of robots, sensors, actuators.
CO3 Learners will be able to explain the coordinate transformations, I/O logic,
wireless and wired communication
CO4 Learners will be able to analyse the Arduino and Raspberry pi usage in robotics
CO5 Learners will be able to design and control basic two-wheel robot model
Assesment Criteria:
Assessment Tool (Internal Exam) End Semester Lab Examination Total

Hardware Project
submission
Weightage (%) 40% 60% 100%
85
EC2201 Communication Systems-1 PCC 3L: 1T: 0P 4 credits
Course objectives
1. To develop ability to analyze system requirements of analog communication

systems.
2. To understand the need for modulation
3. To understand the generation, detection of various modulation techniques and also
perform the mathematical analysis associated with these techniques.
4. To understand the pulse modulation techniques.
Course content:
Unit - I (12 hours)

The Stochastic Process, Concept of Stationary and Statistical Independence, Stationary
Processes, Wide-Sense Stationary, Time Averages and Ergodicity, Mean-Ergodic
Processes, Autocorrelation Function and its Properties, Cross-Correlation Function and
its Properties, Covariance and its Properties,

Power Spectrum: Properties, Relationship between Power Spectrum and Autocorrelation
Function, Cross-Power Density Spectrum, Properties, Relationship between Cross-Power
Spectrum and Cross-Correlation Function

Review of signals and systems, Frequency domain representation of signals, Principles of
Modulation Systems, Time domain and Spectral characteristics of modulated signals.
Introduction to Sampling, Spectrum of Sampled Signal, Aliasing, Nyquist Criterion,
Signal Reconstruction from Sampled Signal, Pulse Amplitude Modulation
Unit- V (10 hours)

Quantization, Uniform Quantizers – Midrise and Midtread, Quantization noise, Lloyd
Max Quantization Algorithm, Non uniform Quantizers, Delta Modulation, Differential
Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM).
86
Unit- VI (10 hours)

Gaussian and white noise characteristics,Noise in amplitude modulation systems, Noise in
Angle modulation systems, Pre-emphasis and Deemphasis, Noise considerations in PCM.
Learning Resources
Textbooks
1. Simon Haykins, ‘Communication Systems’, John Wiley & Sons, 4th Edition.
2. George Kennedy and Bernard Davis, ‘Electronics & Communication System’,
McGraw Hill Education 2004.
Reference Books:
1. Thomas, ‘Communication theory’, McGraw-Hill Education. 2nd Edition.
2. R. P. Singh, S. D. Sapre, ‘Communication Systems’, McGraw-Hill Education, .
3. K. Sam Shanmugam, ‘Analog and Digital Communication’, Willey, 2005
4. Wayne Tomasi, ‘Electronics Communication Systems’, Person 2009, 6thEdition.
Web Resources:
1. Prof. K.Aditya Jaganathan, IIT Kanpur,'Principles Of Communication System-1',
CO1 Able to analyze and design various modulation and demodulation analog systems
CO2 Understand the characteristics of noise present in analog systems.
CO3 Understand the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) performance, of various
Analog Communication systems
CO4 Analyze and design the various Pulse Modulation Systems.
CO5 Understand the concepts of Multiplexing: Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)
and Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM).
Assessment Method

Tool
(in a semester) (in a semester)
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
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87
Communication Systems-1
Laboratory
1. Analyze and specify the fundamental parameters of a communication system.

2. To strengthen the ability to identify and apply the suitable modulation techniques for
the given real world problem.
3. To write and execute programs in MATLAB to implement various modulation
techniques.
1. Mathematical modeling of real time stochastic process using MATLAB

2. Amplitude Modulation and Demodulation
3. Frequency Modulation and Demodulation
4. Sampling theorem verification
5. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
6. Pulse Position Modulation (PPM)
7. Delta Modulation
8. Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)
9. Term project.
Course outcome:
After the completion of this course, the student will be able to
CO 1 Demonstrate understanding of various amplitude modulation and
demodulation techniques.
CO 2 Demonstrate understanding of frequency modulation and demodulation
technique.
CO 3 Analysis of real time communication systems
CO 4 Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of communications systems, from
the point of view analog modulations.
CO 5 To gain knowledge in practical applications of communication systems.
CO 6 To design a simple model of a communication system which uses analog
modulation techniques
88
Assessment Method
project
Weightage (%) 25% 15% 40%
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89
EC2202 Digital System Design PCC 3L: 1T: 0P 4 credits
To make understand the student to know the Datapath and control path design aspects in
Digital System Design and also the design modeling using Hardware Description
Language
Course content
Unit –I (6 hours)
HDL for Digital System Designs
Verilog HDL modeling of Combinational circuits design: Code converters, Multiplexers,
Decoders, multi-bit adders, subtractors, multipliers others. Timing control, Blocking and
non-blocking assignments. Combinational Synthesis.
Unit-II (6 hours)
HDL for Digital System Designs
Verilog HDL modeling of Sequential circuits design: Flipflops, synchronous counters,
asynchronous counters, registers. Sequential Synthesis.
Unit-III (14 hours)

Finite State Machines
Mealy machines, Moore machines, Conversion of mealy machines to moore machines and
vice-versa. Mealy and Moore model for serial-adder. Sequence detectors (overlap and
non-overlap modeling techniques). Even parity and Odd parity detectors and generators
using state machines.
Unit-IV (8 hours)
HDL for Finite State Machines
Verilog HDL modeling of Finite state machines (Mealy and Moore models), modeling of
testbench.
Unit-V (14 hours)

Digital Systems modeling
Datapath design, controlpath design, GCD system design, Traffic light controller design,
vending machine design. CPU Design and Test: SAYEH datapath and control path design
90
Unit-VI (12 hours)

HDL Modeling of USB Protocol Analyzer
Design overview: State machine and subcircuit partitioning.
Verilog modeling: Digital Phase-locked loop, NRZI to Binary converter, CRC Checker
submodules, Packet ID recognizer, state machine subcircuit, Top-level module, Test
bench for entire circuit, Simulation results analysis.
Learning Resources
Text Books
1. Zainalabedin Navabi, ‘Verilog Digital System Design’, Mc Graw Hill publications,
Second Edition.
2. Sunggu Lee, ‘Advanced Digital Logic Design’, Cengage Learning publications.
Reference Books
1. Samir Palnitkar, 'Verilog HDL - A Guide to Digital Design and Synthesis', Pearson
Publications
2. Stephen Brown, ZvokoVranesic, 'Fundamentals of Digital Design using Verilog',
Mc Graw Hill publications
3. Ian Grout, 'Digital Systems Design with FPGAs and CPLDs',Elsevier-2008
Web Resources
1. Prof S Shankar Balachandran, NPTEL-IIT Madras, 'Digital circuits & Systems'.

2. Prof S Srinivasan, NPTEL - IIT Madras, 'Digital circuits and systems'
3. Deepak Kumar Tala, URL: http://www.asic-world.com
Course Outcomes
CO 1 Understand specifications of VLSI designs, Moore's Law

CO 2 Different VLSI Design flows - FPGA, ASIC
CO 3 Understand the concepts of Finite State Machines and its relevance in IC Design
CO 4 Modeling of digital designs using hardware description language
91
Assessment Method
Assessment Tool Weekly Monthly tests End Total

tests/Assignments (in a semester) Semester
(in a semester) Test
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
************************************************************************
92
EC2282 Digital System Design Laboratory PCC 0L: 0T: 3P 1.5 credits
To get a practical exposure on the concepts present in Introductory to VLSI Theory course
and thereby acquiring sufficient knowledge in designing basic analog and digital VLSI
systems
List of Experiments
1. Familiarization with Xilinx software and Mentor Graphics software

2. Implementation of combinational and sequential circuits using Gate-level
modeling of Verilog HDL
3. Implementation of combinational and sequential circuits using data flow modeling
of Verilog HDL
4. Implementation of combinational and sequential circuits using behavioral
modeling of Verilog HDL
5. Implementation of Finite State Machines using Verilog HDL
6. Implementation of Complex Finite State Machines using Verilog HDL
7. ASIC implementation of Digital systems
8. FPGA realizations
9. Term Project
References
1. Prof Anantha Chandrakasan, MIT-Opencourseware, ‘Introductory Digital Systems
Laboratory’. URL: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-
computer-science/6-111-introductory-digital-systems-laboratory-spring-
2006/labs/
Course outcome
CO 1 Understanding and utilizing the VLSI CAD tools
CO 2 Describe digital systems using hardware description language: Verilog
CO 3 Efficient in writing Verilog HDL in different modeling techniques
93
CO 4 Implement digital designs on hardware : FPGA
CO 5 Implementing ASIC designs on Mentor Graphics platform
CO 6 Design CMOS circuits and determine transfer characteristics, transient

analysis, propagation delays and noise margin
CO 7 Peform layout design for CMOS circuits
CO 8 Design an simple analog or digital VLSI system
Assessment Method

Weightage 15% 15% 30% 40% 100%
(%)
************************************************************************
94
EC2203 Linear Integrated Circuits PCC 3L: 1T: 0P 4 credits
1. To study the basic principles, configurations and practical limitations of op-amp.

2. To understand the various linear and non-linear applications of op-amp
3. To analyze and deign op-amp oscillators, single chip oscillators and frequency
generators
4. To understand the operation of the most commonly used D/A and A/D converter
types and its applications
Course content
Unit-I (10 hours)

Feedback Amplifiers
Feedback concept, General characteristics of Negative feedback amplifier, Different
feedback amplifiers (Voltge-series feedback, Current-series feedback, Current-shunt
feedback, Voltage-shunt feedback), Effect of negative feedback on input and output
impedances, gain & bandwidth
Unit-II (10 hours)

Operational Amplifiers
Ideal op-amp parameters, non-ideal op-amp, opamp in negative feedback, bandwidth and
slew rate on circuit Performance.
Op-amp applications- summing amplifier, integrator, differentiator, Instrumentation
amplifier, V to I and I to V converter, comparator, precision Rectifier, log and antilog
amplifier. Active filters.
Unit-III (12 hours)

Wave shaping circuits & Oscillators
Postive feedback concept, Barkhausen criterion and design of RC phase oscillators, Wien
Bridge oscillator. Ring oscillator, LC oscillators and crystal oscillators, Multivibrators –
Astable, Monostable and Bistable Multivibrators, Schmitt trigger, square and triangular
waveform generators.
95
Unit-IV
DC-DC Converters
Introduction, Performance parameters of DC-DC converters, Frequency limiting
parameters, Types of converters: Buck, boost and buck-boost.
Unit-V (10 hours)

PLL
Basic PLL topology and principle, Major building blocks of PLL- analog and digital phase
detector, VCO, applications of PLL.
Unit-VI
Data Converters
Analog vs discrete time signals, Sample-and-Hold circuits, ADC architectures (Flash
ADC, Successive Approximation ADC, Dual slope ADC. DACs( Binary weighted
resistors, R-2R DAC and current steering DAC). INL & DNL
Learning Resources
Textbooks:
1. Behzad Razavi, 'Fundamentals of Microelectronics',Wiley Publications
2. Sedra and Smith, 'Microelectronics Circuits', Oxford Publications,6th Edition.
3. R Jacob Baker, ‘CMOS Mixed Signal Circuit Design’, Wiley Publications
Reference Books:
1. Boylestad R. L. and L. Nashelsky, 'Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory', 10/e or
11/e, Pearson, 2009.
2. Millman J. and C. Halkias, 'Integrated Electronics', 2/e, TMH, 2010.
3. Neamen D., 'Electronic Circuit Analysis and Design', 3/e, TMH, 2006
4. Spencer R. R. and M. S. Ghausi, 'Introduction to Electronic Circuit Design',
Pearson, 2003
Web Resources:
1. Prof D Nagendra Krishnapura, NPTEL-IIT Madras, 'Analog Integrated Circuit
Design' URL: https://nptel.ac.in/courses/117106030/
2. Prof K Radhakrishna Rao, NPTEL-IIT Madras, 'Electronics for Analog
Processing-II', URL: https://nptel.ac.in/courses/117106088/
96
CO1 Infer the DC and AC characteristics of operational amplifiers and its effect on
output and their compensation techniques.
CO2 Elucidate and design the linear and nonlinear applications of an op-amp and
special application ICs.
CO3 Explain and compare the working of multi vibrators using special application
IC 555 and general purpose op-amp.
CO4 Classify and comprehend the working principle of data converters.
CO5 Illustrate the function of application specific ICs such as Voltage regulators,
PLL and its application in communication.
Assessment Method
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
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97
Linear Integrates Circuits

Laboratory

1. Experimentally demonstrate the frequency response of amplifiers
2. Practical knowledge on different types of multivibrators and their applications
3. Introductory designs on Analog to Digital Converters
4. Practical exposure to CMOS circuit design especially operational amplifiers
5. Familiarization with CAD tool for analog circuit design
List of Experiments
1. Design and analysis of Feedback amplifiers.
2. Frequency response of inverting & non-inverting amplifier.
3. Design of an Instrumentation amplifier.
4. Schmitt trigger & Noise suppression using Bistable multivibrator.
5. Monostable & Astable multivibrator using opamp.
6. Design of amplifier using CMOS inverters.
7. Two – bit flash ADC design.
8. Design of a typical CMOS inverter(sizing) using Mentor Graphics Tool and finding
transfer characteristics & finding the propagation delay.
9. Design of a two input CMOS NAND & NOR gates (sizing) using Mentor Graphics
Tool.
10. Design of a fully differential single stage opamp using resistive loads using Mentor
Graphics Tool.
11. Design of a single stage opamp using diode connected load using Mentor Graphics
Tool.
12. Term Project(Designing Public Addressing System).
Note: It is mandatory to perform experiment on any one of the EDA Tools (LTspice
preferred) before the experiment is done on hardware. All experiments must be unique,
design specifications should not be common in the lab.
Course outcome:
CO 1 To analyze the frequency response of amplifiers
CO 2 Experimentally know the noise suppression in bistable multivibrators
CO 3 Utilization of IC 555 timer
98
CO 5 Design of Analog to Digital Converters

CO 6 Design of CMOS circuits using CAD tool
CO 7 Design of operational amplifiers
CO 8 Design of a prototype project using the concepts of analog electronic circuits
Assessment Method
project
Weightage (%) 25% 15% 40%
**********************************************************************
99
Electromagnetic waves
EC2204 PCC 3L: 1T: 0P 4 credits
and Guided media
1. Introduce the fundamental importance of electromagnetic theory and wave

propagation phenomena for an electronics and communication engineer.
2. Understanding guided media role for efficient power transmission in
communication systems, between microwave subsystems, optical fiber systems.
3. Introduce to the higher order modes of propagation in guiding media.
Course Content
Unit-I (6 hours)
Introduction
Application, Review of vector algebra (dot product, cross product, scalar and vector
components of vector), coordinate systems (rectangular, cylindrical, spherical coordinate
systems), vector calculus(gradient, curl, divergence)
Review of Electrostatics, Magnetostatics, electrodynamics and Maxwell equations and
boundary conditions.
Unit-II (8 hours)
Wave Propagation
Wave solution to Maxwell equations, Uniform plane wave solution, propagation constant ,
Propagation of uniform plane waves in perfect dielectric and in lossy medium (conductor,
lossy dielectric), Wave polarization, Power and Poynting vector.
Unit-III (8 hours)
Wave propagation at interfaces
Reflection, refraction, Normal Incidence, Oblique Incidence ,effects of wave polarization
in reflection and refractions, total internal reflection, Brewster angle, phase and group
velocities.
100
UNIT-IV (8 hours)
Transmission Lines: Parameters
Transmission Lines- Equations of Voltage and Current on TX line, Propagation constant ,
characteristic impedance, reflection coefficient and VSWR, Impedance Transformation,
Power transfer on TX line, Smith chart.
UNIT-V (6 hours)
Waveguides-I
General solution of TEM, TE, TM waves, parallel plate waveguide, rectangular
waveguide, circular waveguide.
UNIT-VI (7 hours)
Waveguides-II
Coaxial line, power handling capacity, strip line, microstrip, wave velocity and dispersion,
RF connectors, excitation of waveguide.
Learning Resources
Text books
1. Matthew N.O.Sadiku, 'Elements of Electromagnetics', Oxford University Press ,

6thedition, 2014.
2. William H. Hayt Jr. and John A. Buck, 'Engineering Electromagnetics', 7thedition,
2006, TMH.
Reference books
1. 1.E.C.JordanandK.G.Balmain , 'Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems',
PHI, 2ndEdition, 2000.
2. John Kraus and Daniel fleisch, 'Electromagnetics with applications' , McGraw-hill
international edition ,5th edition , 1999.
Web Resource
1. Prof David Staeling, MIT-Opencourseware, ‘Electromagnetics and Applications’.
URL:https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-
013- electromagnetics-and-applications-spring-2009/index.htm
2. Prof R K Shivgaonkar, NPTEL-IIT Bombay, 'Transmission Lines and EM Waves'
3. Prof Harish shankar Ramachandra, NPTEL-IIT Madras, 'Electromagnetic Fields'
101
Course Outcomes

CO 1 Apply vector calculus to static electric-magnetic fields in different engineering
situations.
CO 2 Analyze Maxwell’s equation in different forms (differential and integral) and
apply them to diverse engineering problems.
CO 3 Examine the phenomena of wave propagation in different media and its
interfaces and in applications of microwave engineering
CO 4 Analyze the concepts of electromagnetic wave polarization
CO 5 Understand the concepts of guiding media and its necessity at high frequency
CO 6 Understand the usage of smith chart and its importance in impedance matching
Assessment Method
Assessment Tool Weekly Monthly tests End Total

tests/Assignments Semester
Test
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
***********************************************************************
102
ENGINEERING THIRD YEAR: SEMESTER-I
EG3183 English-2 Laboratory HSC 0L: 0T: 3P 1.5 credits

1. To expose the students to a variety of self-instructional, learner friendly modes of
language learning.
2. To help the students cultivate the habit of reading passages from the computer
monitor, thus providing them with the required facility to face computer-based
competitive exams such GRE, TOEFL, GMAT etc.
3. To enable them to learn better pronunciation through stress on word accent,
intonation, and rhythm.
4. To initiate them into greater use of the computer in resume preparation, report
writing, format making etc.
Unit 1
Laboratory/Practicals 1.5 credits – 3 hrs Contact Period in a Week
(Total contact hours = 9 hrs)
1. Listening – Learn English Select – British Council
1.1 A Request From Your Boss
1.2 A Voice Mail Message
2. Speaking
2.1 British Council – A 2 – Modules – 6-10 – Text Material
2.2 At The Post Office – Spoken English – EFLU
3. Reading
3.1 Vocabulary Skills
4. Writing
4.1 Curriculum Vitae
4.2 E- Correspondence
5. Oxford Interactive Laboratory – LSRW software – Compulsory Practice -
Intermediate Level
6. Life Skills – Mega living! Achieving Mastery of the mind, body and character
6.1 The Ultimate Challenge
Unit 2
103

1.1 Booking A Table
1.2 Business Cards
2. Speaking
2.2 At The Doctor’s – Spoken English – EFLU
3. Reading
3.1 Eye Reading and Visual Perception
3.2 Prediction Techniques
4. Writing
4.1 Note Making
5. Oxford Interactive Laboratory – LSRW software – Compulsory Practice –
Intermediate Level
6.1 The Power of Limitless Living
Unit 3
1.1 Finding The Library
1.2 Meeting A New Team Member
2. Speaking
2.2 Buying A Shirt – Spoken English – EFLU
3. Reading
3.1 Scanning Skills
3.2 Skimming Skills
4. Writing
4.1 Report Writing
Intermediate Level
6.1 The Promise of Mega Living
Unit 4
104
1.1 Meeting Other Students

1.2 Meeting people At A Dinner
2. Speaking
2.1 British Council – B1 – Modules – 1-5 – Text Material
2.2 At The Market – Spoken English – EFLU
3. Reading
3.1 Intensive Reading Skills
4. Writing
4.1 Expansion Of Proverbs And Other
Intermediate Level
6.1 Excelling With The and Igniting Yourself
Unit 5
1.1 Ordering In A Cafe
1.2 Organizing A Group Project
2. Speaking
2.1 British Council – B 1 – Modules – 6-10 – Text Material
2.2 In The Library– Spoken English – EFLU
3. Reading
3.1 Reading Practice Exercises
4. Writing
4.1 Describing Pictures
Intermediate Level
6.1 Your Mind And Its Unlimited Potential – Your Commitment To Self
Mastery:Kaizen
Resources
Text
1. British Council A2 Level Book

2. Spoken English : A Self Learning Guide To conversation Practice –
105
By: V.Sasi Kumar, PV Dhamija

3. Effective Technical Communication
By: M Ashraf Rizvi
4. English For Empowerment
By: G. Damodar, D. Venkateshwarlu, M. Narendra, M. Sarath Babu,
GM. Sundaravalli
5. Mega Living
By: Robin Sharma
Web resources
1. https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/beginner-a1-listening/request-your-boss
2. https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/beginner-a1-listening/voicemail-message
3. https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/beginner-a1-listening/booking-table
4. https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/beginner-a1-listening/business-cards
5. https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/beginner-a1-listening/finding-library
6. https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/beginner-a1-listening/meeting-new-team-
member
7. https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/beginner-a1-listening/meeting-other-students
8. https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/beginner-a1-listening/meeting-people-dinner
9. https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/beginner-a1-listening/ordering-caf
10. https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/beginner-a1-listening/organising-group-
project
Course Outcomes
After the completion of this course, the student will be able to
CO 1 Use English languages, both written and spoken, competently and correctly
CO 2 Improve Comprehension and fluency of speech
CO 3 Gain confidence in using English in verbal situations
Assessment Method
Assessment Tool Internal External Marks Total Marks

Marks
Weightage (%) 40% 60% 100%
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106
EC3102 Computer Networks ESC 3L: 0T: 0P 3 Credits

1. To develop an understanding of modern network architectures from a design and
performance perspective.
2. To introduce the student to the major concepts involved in wide-area networks
(WANs),local area networks (LANs) and Wireless LANs (WLANs).
3. To provide an opportunity to do network programming
4. To provide a WLAN measurement ideas.
Course Content:
Unit - I (8 hours)
Data communication Components: Representation of data and its flow Networks , Various
Connection Topology, Protocols and Standards, OSI model, Transmission Media,
Unit-II (8 hours)
LAN: Wired LAN, Wireless LANs, Connecting LAN and Virtual LAN, Techniques for
Bandwidth utilization: Multiplexing - Frequency division, Time division and Wave
division, Concepts on spread spectrum.

Data Link Layer and Medium Access Sub Layer: Error Detection and Error Correction -
Fundamentals, Block coding, Hamming Distance, CRC; Flow Control and Error control
protocols - Stop and Wait, Go back – N ARQ, Selective Repeat ARQ, Sliding Window,
Piggybacking, Random Access, Multiple access protocols -Pure ALOHA, Slotted
ALOHA, CSMA/CD,CDMA/CA
Unit - IV (8 hours)
Network Layer: Switching, Logical addressing – IPV4, IPV6; Address mapping – ARP,
RARP, BOOTP and DHCP–Delivery, Forwarding and Unicast Routing protocols.
Unit - V (7 hours)
Transport Layer: Process to Process Communication, User Datagram Protocol (UDP),
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), SCTP Congestion Control; Quality of Service, QoS
improving techniques: Leaky Bucket and Token Bucket algorithm.
107
Unit - VI (6 hours)
Application Layer: Domain Name Space (DNS), DDNS, TELNET, EMAIL, File Transfer
Protocol (FTP), WWW, HTTP, SNMP, Bluetooth, Firewalls, Basic concepts of
cryptography.
Learning resources
Text book:
1. Behrouz A. Forouzan “Data Communications and Networking”, 4e , Tata
McGraw Hill.
2. W. Stallings, “Data and Computer Communication”, 8e, Pearson
3. Andrew S. Tanenbaum “Computer Networks”, 4e, Pearson Education.
Reference Books:
1. S.Kshev “An Engineering Approach to Computer Networks “, 2nd edition
2. W.A.Shay, Thomson “Understanding Communications and Networks”,3rd edition,
Web resources:
1. Prof Ajit Pal, NPTEL-IIT Kharagpur, ‘Data Communications’.
2. Prof Sujoy Gosh, NPTEL-IIT Kharagpur, ‘Computer Networks’.
3. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_fundamentals/computer_networking
CO 1 Explain the functions of the different layer of the OSI Protocol.

Draw the functional block diagram of wide-area networks (WANs), local area
CO 2 networks (LANs) and Wireless LANs (WLANs) describe the function of each
block.
For a given requirement (small scale) of wide-area networks (WANs), local area
CO 3 networks (LANs) and Wireless LANs (WLANs) design it based on the market
available component
For a given problem related TCP/IP protocol developed the network
CO 4
programming.
108
Configure DNS DDNS, TELNET, EMAIL, File Transfer Protocol (FTP),

CO 5 WWW, HTTP, SNMP, Bluetooth, Firewalls using open source available
software and tools.
Assessment method:
Assessment
Weekly tests Monthly tests End Semester Test Total
Tool
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
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109
EC3103 Computer Organization and ESC 3L: 1T: 0P 4 credits

Architecture

To expose the students to the following:
1. How Computer Systems work & the basic principles.
2. Instruction Level Architecture and Instruction Execution.
3. The current state of art in memory system design.
4. How I/O devices are accessed and its principles.
5. To impart the knowledge on micro programming.
Course Content
Introduction to computer system and its sub-modules, Signed and Unsigned Numbers,
Addition and Subtraction, Multiplication, Division, Floating Point Representation.

Introduction to MIPS architecture, MIPS Instruction Set Architecture, Procedures,
Recursive Programs, Architecture Examples, Introduction to Assessing and Understanding
Performance, CPU Performance and its Factors, Evaluating Performance, Benchmarks
and the performance of recent Intel Processors.

Introduction to Processor: Data path and Control, Logic design Conventions, Building a
Data path, Simple Implementation scheme, Multi-cycle Implementation, Exceptions,
Microprogramming: Simplifying Control Design, Introduction to Digital Design Using a
Hardware Design Language.

Introduction to Pipelining, A pipelined Data path, Pipelined Control, Data Hazards and
Forwarding, Data Hazards and Stalls, Branch Hazards, Exceptions, Advanced Pipelining.
Introduction to Memory Hierarchy, The Basic of Caches, Measuring and Improving Cache
Performance, Virtual Memory, Common Framework for Memory Hierarchies.
110

Introduction to Storage, Networks and other Peripherals, Disk Storage and Dependability,
Networks, Busses and other Connections between Processors, Memory and I/O Devices,
Interfacing I/O Devices to the Processor, Memory and Operating System, I/O Performance
Measures, Designing an I/O System.
Learning Resources
Text Books
1. David A. Patterson and John L. Hennessy ‘Computer Organization and Design’,
Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 3rd Edition.
Reference Books
1. Ian McLoughlin ‘Computer Architecture – An Embedded approach’, McGraw-Hill
Education (Asia), 1st Edition.
Web resources
1. Prof Anshul Kumar, NPTEL- IIT Delhi, ‘Computer Architecture’.
URL:http://nptel.ac.in/courses/106102062/
1 Able to write recursive program in MIPS.
2 Able to construct cost effective computer system.
3 Able to differentiate different designs and organizations.
4 Able to handle design issues in the development of processor or other

components that satisfies design requirements.
Assessment Method
Tool
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
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111
EC3101 Communication Systems-2 PCC 3L: 1T: 0P 4 credits
Course objectives
1. To understand the functional block diagram of Digital communication system.

2. To understand the need for source and channel coding.
3. To study various source and channel coding techniques.
4. To understand a mathematical model of digital communication system for bit
error rate analysis of different digital communication systems.
Course content:
Unit-I (8 hours)
Basic tools of Digital communication, Transmission Pulse Shaping, Power Spectral
Density, Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) Channel, Optimal Receiver Design,
Signal-to-Noise Power Ratio (SNR), Matched Filtering (MF)
Unit-II (8 hours)
Maximum Likelihood (ML) Receiver, Probability of Error, Binary Phase Shift Keying and
associated Prob. of Error, Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) and Other Schemes.
Unit -III (9 hours)

Signal Space Theory, Frequency Shift Keying (FSK), Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
(QAM), M-ary Phase Shift Keying (MPSK) and associated Prob. of Error, Pulse Shaping
Filter Design, Nyquist Pulse Shaping Criterion, Raised-Cosine Filter, Passband-Baseband
Equivalence.
Unit-IV (6 hours)
Introduction to Wireless Communication, Performance of Digital Modulation in Fading
Channels, Introduction to Information Theory, Channel Capacity.
Unit -V (8 hours)
Source Coding, Entropy Codes, Huffman Coding, Linear Block Codes, Hamming Weight
and Distance Properties, Syndrome Decoding,
Unit -VI (6 hours)

Convolutional Codes, Trellis Structure and Decoding of Convolutional Codes.
112
Text books
1. S. Haykin, ‘Communications system’, Wiley, 4th Edition 2009.
2. John G. Proakis, Masoud Salehi, ‘Digital Communications’, McGrawHill, 2008,
5th Edition.
References books
1. Herbert Taub, Donald L Schiling, ‘Principles of Communication Systems’, –
Goutam Saha, McGraw-Hill, 2008, 3rd Edition.
2. Wayne Tomasi, ‘Electronic communication systems’, Pearson,5th edition.
3. R. P. Singh, S. Sapre, ‘Communication Systems: Analog and Digital’, McGraw-
Hill Education, 2012.
Web References
1. Prof. Aditya K. Jagannatham, NPTEL-IIT Kanpur, 'Principles Of Communication
Systems-II'. URL: https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108104098/
CO1 Understand basic components of Digital Communication Systems.

CO2 Design optimum receiver for Digital Modulation techniques
Analyze the error performance of Digital Modulation Techniques
CO3
Understand the redundancy present in Digital Communication by using various
CO4
source coding techniques
Know about different error detecting and error correction codes like block
CO5
codes, cyclic codes and convolution codes
Assessment Method

Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
************************************************************************
113
Communication systems-2
Laboratory
1. To inculcate practical knowledge on various digital communication techniques

2. To understand the type of digital communication technique required for specific
purposes
List of Experiments
1. Modulation and Demodulation of Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)

2. Modulation and Demodulation of Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
3. Modulation and Demodulation of Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
4. Simulation of BER performance of ASK over AWGN channels
5. Simulation of BER performance FSK over AWGN channels
6. Simulation of BER performance PSK over AWGN channels
7. Simulation of BER performance of Digital modulation schemes over Rayleigh fading.
8. Study and analysis of Digital Communication techniques in real time
telecommunication systems
9. Term Project
Course Outcomes

Understand the practical aspects of Pulse width modulation, pulse position
CO 1
modulation
Understand the practical aspects of Amplitude shift keying, Frequency shift
CO 2
keying and phase shift keying
CO 3 Differentiate the difference between different communication techniques
Understand the difference between analog communication techniques and digital
CO 4
communication techniques
Design a sample telecommunication system using digital communication
CO 5
techniques
114
Assessment Method

(In semester)
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
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115
EC3182 Microprocessors, Microcontrollers PCC 0L: 0T: 3P 1.5 credits

and Computer Networks Lab
1. Experimental exploration of features of microprocessors and microcontrollers

and implementation of various operations
2. Interfacing microprocessors and microcontrollers with other electronics
components like Display, Sensors, Actuators etc
3. Familiarizing with Networking protocols and coding for interfacing them.
List of Experiments
8085 Programming and Interfacing

1. Arithmetic operations
2. Interface 7 segment displays with 8085 using 8255.
3. Interface 8279 Keyboard/Display IC with 8085.
4. Generate square wave and saw tooth waveforms by using 8085.
5. Interface ADC and DAC to 8085.
6. Interfacing and programming of stepper motor and DC Motor speed control using
8085.
8051 programming and Interfacing

1. Basic programs
2. Interfacing 8279 Keyboard/Display IC with 8051
3. Interface ADC and DAC with 8051.
4. Serial Communication using Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) with 8051.
5. Generate square wave and saw tooth waveforms by using 8051.
6. Interfacing and programming of stepper motor and DC Motor speed control using
8051
7. Sensor Interfacing with 8051
116
Computer Networks
1. To write a C/Python program to develop a DNS client server to resolve the given
hostname.
2. To write a client-server application for chat using UDP
3. To implement programs using raw sockets (like packet capturing and filtering)
4. To write a C/Python program to perform sliding window
5. To get the MAC or Physical address of the system using Address Resolution
Protocol.
6. To simulate the Implementing Routing Protocols using border gateway
protocol(BGP)
7. To simulate the OPEN SHORTEST PATH FIRST routing protocol based on the
cost assigned to the path.
Course Outcome
CO 1 Design and implement programs using 8051 microcontroller

CO 2 Design and implement programs using 8085 microprocessor
CO 3 Interfacing with 8051 microcontroller
CO 4 Interfacing with 8085 microprocessor
CO 5 Comparison of microprocessor and microcontroller
CO 6 Exploring the features of advances microcontrollers and microprocessors over
8051 microcontroller and 8085 microprocessor respectively
CO 7 Programming and implementing network protocols
CO 8 Design and analysis of a prototype for a simple real time application
Assessment Method

project
Weightage (%) 25% 15% 40%
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117
EC3185 RF and Microwave Engineering PCC 1L: 0T: 3P 2.5 credits

Laboratory
Course Objective
1. Know about the behavior of microwave components

2. Understand the radiation pattern of horn antenna
List of Experiments
1. Modeling of Rectangular waveguides using CAD tools.

2. Measurement of guide wavelength and determination of frequency.
3. Measurement of directional coupler such as coupling, directivity, etc.
4. Modeling of Microwave components using CAD tools
5. Measurement of S-parameters of waveguide T-junction.
6. Gunn oscillator measurements such as power versus frequency, I-V characteristics
7. Reflex Klystron characteristics measurement
8. Unknown Impedance Measurement using Smith chart.
9. Measurement of radiation characteristics of horn antenna such as radiation patterns
and gain.
10. Term project using MMIC components
Assessment Method

project
Weightage (%) 25% 15% 40%
Course outcome:
CO 1 Demonstrate the characteristics of Microwave sources

CO 2 Demonstrate the characteristics of directional Couplers
CO 3 To test the characteristics of microwave components
118
CO 4 To analyze the radiation pattern of antenna

CO 5 To measure antenna gain
CO 6 Practice microwave measurement procedures
CO 7 To design a prototype project using MMIC components
************************************************************************
119
Mini Project -1
EC3190 PROJ 0L: 0T: 3P 1 credits
(Socially Relevant Project)
1. To introduce the student to the existing real-time societal problems

2. To make the student to identify a problem with the help of staff members
3. To see that students can propose elaborately and try attempting to solve the
problem to great extent.
List of Experiments
1. Identifying real-time societal problems
2. Idea proposal of multiple-solutions for the problem identified and discussion
3. Prototype design for an optimal solution
Note: The student is supposed to use the latest advancements of IOT/AI and general
understanding on science and technology for identifying solution to a problem
Course outcome
CO 1 To understand the problems the society facing at present specifically at

university/institute/ locality etc level.
CO 2 Shortlist some of the problems and do an exercise to choose a problem to solve
CO 3 Form a group with classmates and peers (worldwide), local authorities and
understand deeply the roots of the problem and start initiation of solving it.
CO 4 Propose a solution method and prepare either hardware or software models
depending upon the problem demands
CO 5 See his/her solution impact on the society and see or submit/suggest the
models to the authorities for further implementation after approval satisfying
he IP rights of RGUKT.
120
Assessment Method
Assessment Literature Seminar on Hardware/Software Final

Tool survey observed case- prototype development for Presentation
(Internal) studies identified problem and Viva-Voce
(Internal) (External) (External)
Weightage 20 % 20% 40% 20%
(%)
************************************************************************
121
MC3101 Constitution of India MC 1L: 0T: 0P 0 credits
1. The basic objective of the course is to provide knowledge about institutions

2. It help to understands the processes to governing the society in a systematic way.
3. It helps to establish social Justice, Liberty, Equity and Fraternity.
4. The course will introduce the idea of political system in general
5. It provides idea about working process of constitutional institutions.
6. To create awareness about the functioning of the judicial system in India.
Course Contents
Unit-I (2 hours)
Introduction-Constitution’ meaning of the term, Indian constitution sources and
constitutional history, Features: Citizenship, Preamble, Fundamental Rights and duties,
Directive Principles of State Policy.
Unit-II (3 hours)
Union Government and its Administration-Structure of the Indian Union: Federalism,
centre-state relationship, President: Role, power and position, PM and Council of
ministers, Cabinet and Central Secretariat, Lok sabha, Rajya sabha.
Unit-III (2 hours)
Election commission- Election commission: Role and functioning, Chief Election
Commissioner and Election Commissioners, State Election Commission: Role and
functioning, Institute and Bodies for the welfare of SC/ST/OBC and women.
Unit-IV (2 hours)
State Government and its Administration- Governor: Role and position, CM and Council
of ministers, state secretariat: Organization, structure and functions.
Unit-V (3 hours)
Local Administration-District’s Administration head: Role and importance,
Municipalities: Introduction, Mayor and role of Elected Representatives, CEO of
Municipal Corporation, Panchayati raj: Introduction, PRI: Zilla Panchayat, Elected
122
officials and their roles, CEO Zilla Panchayat: Position and role, Block level:
Organizational Hierarchy (different departments), Village level: Role of elected and
appointed officials, Importance of grass root democracy.
Unit-VI (3 hours)
Union Judiciary-Establishment and constitution of Supreme court, Appointment of Judges,
Establishment of State High court, Establishment of common High court for 2 or more
states, WRITS, PIL(Public Interest Litigation).
Learning resources
Text book
1. Durga Das Basu, Constitutions of India, 23rd ed, LexisNexis Publication.
Reference Books
1. Indian Polity by Laxmikanth
2. Indian Administration by Subhash Kashyap
3. Indian Administration by Avasti and Avasti
4. Government and Politics of India by W.H.Mrrison Jones
5. Constitution of India by J.C.Johari
Web Resources
1. https://unacademy.com/
CO 1 The students will understand their fundamental rules and duties.

CO 2 The students will learn the political system and the system of elections in India.
It is to provide the students the institutions and processes to govern themselves in
CO 3
the manner they prefer.
CO 4 Students can also be able to utilize the laws and facilities provided by constution
CO 5 It will provide over all idea about our legal system.
It will enable students more strong in terms of law and practice in
CO 6
day to day life.
123
Assessment Method
Tool
Weightage (%) 0 0 100% %100
** PASS/FAIL course
***********************************************************************
124
ENGINEERING THIRD YEAR: SEMESTER-II
EG3284 English-3 Laboratory HSC 0L: 0T: 3 P 1.5 credits

1. To expose the students to a variety of self-instructional, learner friendly modes of
language learning.
2. To help the students cultivate the habit of reading passages from the computer
monitor, thus providing them with the required facility to face computer-based
competitive exams such GRE, TOEFL, GMAT etc.
3. To enable them to learn better pronunciation through stress on word accent,
intonation, and rhythm.
4. To initiate them into greater use of the computer in resume preparation, report
writing, format making etc.
5. Soft Skills Will Enable the students become more aware of perfect life and to
improve their quality of their personal and professional lives.
Unit 1
1.1 A Morning Briefing
1.2 An Invitation To A Party
2. Speaking
2.2 At The Tailors – Spoken English – EFLU
3. Reading
3.1 A Poster AT Work
3.2 A Poster For Exam Candidates
4. Writing – (Collocations in Use)
4.1 Learning About Collocations ( 1-5 ) – 6-15 – English Collocations in Use
Intermediate Level
6.1 Your Mind And Its Unlimited Potential
6.2 The nature of The Mind-The Ultimate Super Power
125
Unit 2

1.1 Changing A Meeting Time
1.2 Changing Plans
2. Speaking
2.2 At The Chemists– Spoken English – EFLU
3. Reading
3.1 A Message To a New Friend
3.2 An Email From a Friend
4. Writing
4.1 Grammatical Aspects of Collocations ( 6-9 ) – English Collocations in Use
5. Oxford Interactive Laboratory – LSRW software – Compulsory Practice –
Intermediate Level
6.1 Discipline And Will Power-The Golden Keys
Unit 3
1.1 Four Conversations
1.2 Leaving a Message
2. Speaking
2.2 At The Railway Station– Spoken English – EFLU
3. Reading
3.1 An End of term report
3.2 An Invitation to a Job Interview
4. Writing
4.1 Special Aspects of Collocations ( 10-12 ) – English Collocations in Use
Intermediate Level
6.1 The Feel Good Principle And Beliefs: How To Unleash vitality
Unit 4
1.1 Missing a Class
1.2 Understanding an Explanation
126
2. Speaking
2.2 At The Tea Stall – Spoken English – EFLU
3. Reading
3.1 Choosing a Conference Venue
3.2 English Course Prospectus
4. Writing
4.1 Travel and the Environment ( 13-16 ) – English Collocations in Use
Intermediate Level
6.1 Mega Things And The Enhancement of Positivity
Unit 5
1.1 Who’s who in the Office
1.2 A Phone Call From a Customer
2. Speaking
2.1 British Council – B 1 – Modules – 18-20– Text Material
2.2 An Interview– Spoken English – EFLU
3. Reading
3.1 Professional Profile Summaries
3.2 Study Skills Tips
4. Writing
4.1 People and Relationships ( 17-21 ) – 6-15 – English Collocations in Use
Intermediate Level
6.1 The Magic of Goals: Your Visions of Excellence
Resources:
Textbooks:
1. British Council A2 Level Book.

2. V.Sasi Kumar , PV Dhamija , ‘Spoken English : A Self Learning Guide To
conversation Practice’.
3. Michael Mc Carthy and Felicity O’Dell , ‘English Collocations in Use’.
4. Robin Sharma , ‘Mega Living’.
127
Web
Listening:
1. https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/pre-intermediate-a2-listening/morning-
briefing
2. https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/pre-intermediate-a2-listening/invitation-
party
3. https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/pre-intermediate-a2-listening/changing-
meeting-time
4. https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/pre-intermediate-a2-listening/changing-plans
5. https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/pre-intermediate-a2-listening/four-
conversations
6. https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/pre-intermediate-a2-listening/leaving-
message
7. https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/pre-intermediate-a2-listening/missing-class
8. https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/pre-intermediate-a2-listening/understanding-
explanation
9. https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/pre-intermediate-a2-listening/whos-who-
office
10. https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/intermediate-b1-listening/phone-call-
customer
Reading:
1. https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/beginner-a1-reading/poster-work
2. https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/beginner-a1-reading/poster-exam-candidates
3. https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/pre-intermediate-a2-reading/message-new-
friend
4. https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/pre-intermediate-a2-reading/email-friend
5. https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/pre-intermediate-a2-reading/end-term-report
6. https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/pre-intermediate-a2-reading/invitation-job-
interview
7. https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/pre-intermediate-a2-reading/choosing-
conference-venue
8. https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/pre-intermediate-a2-reading/english-course-
prospectus
9. https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/pre-intermediate-a2-reading/professional-
profile-summaries
10. https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/pre-intermediate-a2-reading/study-skills-tips
128
Course Outcomes:
1. Using English languages, both written and spoken, competently and correctly.
2. Improving Comprehension and fluency of speech.
3. Gaining confidence in using English in verbal situations.
4. Life skills will enable them become decent citizens
Assessment Method
Assessment Tool Listening Speaking Reading Writing Total

Skills Skills Skills Skills
In Semester 10% 10% 10% 10% 40%
Weightage (%)
In Semester 15% 15% 15% 15% 60%
Weightage (%)
***********************************************************************
129
BM XY01 Product Design and Innovation HSC 1L: 0T: 0P 1 credit
1.To make awareness of the product design process.

2.This course will give an understanding of methods, tools and techniques applied
in product design.
3.This course will enhance the overview of innovation, product design process.
4.It will help to understand competitive benchmarking, aspects of human factors in
product design, tools for creative concept.
5.one of the objective of this course is to explain lectures including case studies and
hands-on exercises.
6.It will help students to generate creative ideas in to product design, considering
human factors aspects.
Course Contents:
Unit I (2 hours)
Need for Innovation and design ,user Innovation , introduction to product and Product
design, difference between Product development and product design.
Unit II (2 hours)
Need Problem Identification, user study by contextual enquiry, questionnaire study,
Interview techniques, Persona and scenario mapping, product study and market study,
design brief.
Unit III (2 hours)

Importance of human factors in product design, physical ergonomics, principles and
issues, ergonomic assessment tool, Cognitive issues in product design.
Unit IV (3 hours)
Creative techniques and tools, concept generation, concept evaluation, concept design and
presentations.
Unit V (4 hours)
Product prototype, model making work flow for prototype, tools and techniques for model
making and prototyping, introduction to prototype driven innovation.
130
Unit VI (2 hours)
Overview of materials and processes, Evaluation tools and techniques for User- Product
interaction
Learning resources
Text Books
1. Eppinger, S., & Ulrich, K., ‘Product design and development’, McGraw-Hill Higher
Education, 2015.
2. Green, W., & Jordan, P. W. (Eds.), ‘Human factors in product design: current practice
and future trends’. CRC Press, 1999.
Reference Books
1. Sanders, M. S., & McCormick, E. J., ‘Human factors in engineering and design’,
Mcgraw-Hill book company, 1993.
2. Roozenburg, N. F., & Eekels, J., ‘Product design: fundamentals and methods’ (Vol. 2).
John Wiley &Sons Inc., 1995.
Web resources:
1. Dr. Debayan Dhar, NPTEL-IIT Guwahati, ‘Product Design and Innovation’.
CO 1 A student will be able to understand basic of production design
CO 2 This subject will provide implication facilities of methods, tools and techniques
of production design.
CO 3 Students can be able to correlate human factor and competitive benchmarking in
product design.
CO 4 Students can have practical experience by implementing theory in case studies.
CO 5 They can enhance their creativity in product design.
CO 6 They will be able to create their own product design with

implementation of available theoretical knowledge.
131
Assessment Method
Assessment tool Monthly Report submission (End Semester) Total

Seminar
Weightage (%) 75% 25% 100%
*Note:
1. Industry personnel/start company founding personnel may be included in this course.

3. In Assessment Method, among one of the monthly seminars, the student is supposed to
submit video recording of seminar and the same should be played in the classroom.
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132
MC3201 Career Development Course MC 2L: 0T: 0P 0 credits

To enhance holistic development of students and improve their employability skills
To instill confidence in students and develop skills necessary to face the challenges of
competitive exams and placements
Course Contents
Unit I (1.5 hours)

Number system: Base System, Exponents, Factorials, LCM & HCF, Properties of
Numbers, Remainders, Successive Divisions
Sequence & Series: Arithmetic Progression, Harmonic Progression, Geometric
Progression
Programming in C
Unit II (8 hours)
Arithmetic: Averages, Clocks & Calendars, Simple Interest & Compoud Interest,
Mixture & Alligations, Percentages, Profit, Loss & Discounts, Ratio & Proportion,
Speed, Time & Distance, Time & Work
Algebra: Binomial Theorem, Complex Numbers, Functions, Higher Degree Equations,
Inequalities , Linear Equations, Logarithm, Quadratic Equations
Programming in C
Unit III (6 hours)

Geometry: Mensuration, Lines & Angles, Circles, Polygons, Triangles, Co-ordinate
Geometry, Trigonometry
Probability & Statistics: Mean, Median & Mode, Permutation & Combination,
Probability Set Theory & Venn Diagram
Programming using Data Structures
Unit IV (7 hours)
Logical Reasoning: Logical Sequence, Premise, Assumption & Conclusion, Binary
Logic, Blood Relations, Linear & Matrix Arrangement, Seating Arrangement, Coding
& Decoding, Statements & Assumptions Puzzles.
Analytical Reasoning: Course of Action Fact, Inference & Judgement, Logical
Deduction, Statement & Assumption, Strong & Weak Arguments, Syllogism
133
Programming in Python
Unit V (4.5 hours)

Data Interpretation: Charts (Column, Pie & Bar), Tables Graphs (Line & Area), Venn
Diagram, Data Sufficiency.
Programming using JAVA
Reading Comprehension
Unit VI (3 hours)
Verbal Ability: Cloze Test Error Spotting, Fill in the blanks, Sentence Correction,
Word Usage, Para jumbles, Paragraph Completion, Paragraph Summary
Programming using JAVA
.
Learning resources
Text book
1. Sarvesh K Verma, 'Quantitative Aptitude Quantum CAT', arihant publications
2. Arun Sharma, Meenakshi Upadhyay, ' Verbal Ability and Reading Comprehension'
, McGraw Hill publications
3. Arun Sharma, 'Data Interpretation', McGraw Hill publications
4. Arun Sharma, 'Logical Reasoning', McGraw Hill publications
Reference books
1. Nishit K Sinha, 'Logical Reasoning and Data Interpretation', Pearson publications
2. Arun Sharma, 'Quantitative Aptitude', McGraw Hill publications
Web resources
1. https://unacademy.com/
2. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/
3. https://www.indiabix.com/
CO 1 Improve aptitude, problem solving skills and reasoning abilities
CO 2 Improve Verbal ability skills, Data interpretation skills
CO 3 Understand the basic techniques required for solving Reading Comprehension
Familiarize with the written tests of competitive exams, campus placements and
CO 4
PSUs
CO 5 Collectively solve problems in teams and group
CO 6 Adopt and acquire new techniques in solving problem
134
Assessment Method

Tool
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
** Pass/Fail course.
Note: All examinations will be only of objective type. CDPC team assistance is to be
taken in preparation of question papers. For Monthly tests, negative marking may also be
introduced.
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135
ENGINEERING FOURTH YEAR: SEMESTER-I
BE4101 Environmental Studies MC 2L: 0T: 0P 0 credits
1. To provide knowledge about multidisciplinary nature of environment, various

sources of natural energy.
2. Understanding of ecosystem structure and function etc.
3. Knowledge of biodiversity and conservation
4. Understanding of problems caused by pollution and its impact
5. Understanding about the various social issues related to environment.
6. Awareness for the Environment and human health
Course Content
Unit-I (5 hours)
The Multidisciplinary Nature of Environmental Studies: Definition, scope and
importance; Need for public awareness.
Natural Resources: Renewable and Non Renewable Resources:
Natural resources and associated problems.
a) Forest resources: Use and over-exploitation, deforestation, case studies. Timber
extraction, mining, dams and their effects on forest and tribal people. b) Water resources:
Use and over-utilization of surface and ground water, floods, drought, conflicts over
water, dams-benefits and problems. c) Mineral resources: Use and exploitation,
environmental effects of extracting and using mineral resources, case studies. d) Food
resources: World food problems, changes caused by agriculture and overgrazing, effects
of modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems, water logging, salinity, case studies.
e) Energy resources: Growing energy needs, renewable and non renewable energy
sources, use of alternate energy sources. Case studies. f) Land resources: Land as a
resource, land degradation, man induced landslides, soil erosion and desertification. Role
of an individual in conservation of natural resources. Equitable use of resources' for
sustainable lifestyles.
Unit-II (5 hours)
Ecosystems: Concept of an ecosystem, Structure and function of an ecosystem,
Producers, consumers and decomposers, Energy flow in the ecosystem, Ecological
succession, Food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids, Introduction, types,
136
characteristic features, structure and function of the following ecosystem:-a. Forest

ecosystem, b. Grassland ecosystem, c. Desert ecosystem, d. Aquatic ecosystems (ponds,
streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries).
Unit-III (5 hours)
Biodiversity and It’s Conservation: Introduction – Definition: genetic, species and
ecosystem diversity, Biogeographical classification of India, Value of biodiversity:
consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option values, Biodiversity
at global, National and local levels, India as a mega-diversity nation, Hot-sports of
biodiversity, Threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife
conflicts, Endangered and endemic species of India, Conservation of biodiversity: In-situ
and Ex-situ conservation of biodiversity.
Unit-IV (5 hours)
Environmental Pollution: Cause, effects and control measures of:-a. Air pollution, b.
Water pollution, c. Soil pollution, d. Marine pollution, e. Noise pollution, f. Thermal
pollution, g. Nuclear hazards, Solid waste Management: Causes, effects and control
measures of urban and industrial wastes, Role of an individual in prevention of pollution,
Pollution case studies, Disaster management: floods, earthquake, cyclone and landslides.
Unit- V (5 hours)
Social Issues and the Environment: From Unsustainable to Sustainable development
Urban problems related to energy, Water conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed
management, Resettlement and rehabilitation of people; its problems and concerns. Case
Studies, Environmental ethics: Issues and possible solutions.• Climate change, global
warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust. Case
Studies. Wasteland reclamation, Consumerism and waste products, Environment
Protection Act, Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, Water (Prevention and
control of Pollution) Act, Wildlife Protection Act, Forest Conservation Act, Issues
involved in enforcement of environmental legislation, Public awareness.
Unit-VI (5 hours)
Human Population and the Environment: Population growth, variation among nations,
Population explosion – Family Welfare Programme, Environment and human health,
Human Rights, Value Education, HIV/AIDS, Women and Child Welfare, Role of
Information Technology in Environment and human health, Case Studies.
137
Learning resources
Text book
1. Erach Bharucha, ‘Textbook of Environmental studies’, UGC
Reference Books
1. Clark RS, ‘Marine Pollution’, Clanderson Press, Oxford (TB).
2. De AK, ‘Environmental Chemistry’, Wiley Eastern Ltd.
CO1 Well understanding about their surrounding natural resources and their
conservation
CO 2 Able to understand the ecosystem food chain and habitat.
CO 3 Develop the practices for conservation of biodiversity
CO 4 To well understand the pollution courses, impact and prevention from pollution
CO 5 Able to bring about an awareness of a variety of environmental concerns.
CO 6 It attempts to create a pro-environmental attitude and a behavioral pattern in
society that is based on creating sustainable lifestyles.
Assessment Method
Tool
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
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138
PROGRAM ELECTIVE COURSES
139
ECXY01 Advanced Digital Communications PEC 3L: 0T: 0P 3 credits

1. To know the concepts of probability analysis in view of different communication
systems
2. To make understand the students the different types of errors, noise and fading for
different communication systems
3. Students should able to calculate different types of fading for different systems by
using MAT lab.
Course Content
Unit - I (6 hours)
Review of probability basics-Random variable –probability density function, cumulative
distribution function, Moment generating function–Markov’s inequality– Chebyshev’s
inequality –function of one random variable-function of two random variables- Central
limit theorem.
Unit - II (8 hours)
Error rate analysis- Bit error rate for BPSK modulation, Symbol error rate for QPSK and
4-QAM modulations, Symbol error rate for 4PAM, Symbol error rate for 16 QAM,
Symbol error rate for 16PSK

System Performance Measures- Average Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) , Outage
Probability , Average Bit Error Probability (ABER) , channel capacity, Amount of Fading
,coefficient of variation, Average Outage Duration
Unit - IV (8 hours)
Fading Channel Characterization and Modeling - Characteristics of Fading Channels,
Fading models- Rayleigh, Nakagami-q (Hoyt), Nakagami-n (Rice), Nakagami-m ,Chi
square, gamma, weibull, Generalized-k ,k-u and H models, Composite fading and
shadowing models
Unit - V (10 hours)

Digital communication over fading channels: Bit error rate analysis of ASK, PSK and
FSK schemes over different fading channels. MATLAB Assignments on bit error rate
analysis of various modulation schemes.
140
Unit - VI (5 hours)
Design and analysis of communication systems using MATLAB
Learning Resources
Text Books
1. Simon Haykins “Digital Communication Systems” John Wilsey & Sons, fourth
edition
2. A.B Carlson,P B Crully,J C Rutledge”Communication Systems”fourth edition
McGraw Hill
Web Resources
1. Prof,S.sengupta Advanced digital Communication, IIT KHARGPUR,
URL:http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117105081/2
Course outcomes: On successful completion of the course students will able to

CO 1 Learn the fundamental results in information theory and probability
Understand how to use the results in information theory in communication
CO 2
system design
CO 3 Design and calculate the SNR of different digital communication methods
CO 4 Understand the different types of fading’s used in communication systems
CO 5 Understand the bit error rate of different communication methods
Design a simple communication system model in considering the probability
CO 6
analysis
Assessment Method

Tool
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
************************************************************************
141
Antennas and Radio wave

ECXY02 PEC 3L: 0T: 0P 3 credits
propagation

1. Understand basic terminology and concepts of Antennas and radiation.
2. To attain knowledge on the basic parameters for antenna design process and the
analysis of design
3. Analyze the electric and magnetic field emission from various basic antennas with
mathematical formulation of the analysis.
4. To have knowledge on antenna operation and types as well as their usage in real
time field.
5. Awareness of the wave spectrum and respective band antenna usage and also to
know the propagation of the waves at different frequencies through different layers
in the existing layered free space environment structure.
Course Content
Unit-I (6 hours)
Fundamental concepts of antennas
Physical concept of radiation, Radiation pattern, near-and far-field regions, reciprocity,
directivity and gain, effective aperture, polarization, input impedance, efficiency, Antenna
Noise temperature, Frii’s transmission equation, radiation integrals and auxiliary potential
functions.
Unit-II (8 hours)
Wire and Loop antennas
Infinitesimal Dipole, Small Dipole, Finite Length Dipole, Half wave length Dipole,
monopole, Small Circular loop and loop antenna.
Unit-III (9 hours)
Microstrip antennas
Basic characteristics of micro strip antennas, feeding methods, methods of analysis, design
of rectangular patch, Reflector antenna
Unit-IV (8 hours)
Broad Band antennas and Horn antennas
Concept of Broad Band, Log-Periodic Antennas , E-plane Sectoral Horn, H-plane Sectoral
Horn, Pyramidal Horn, and their properties.
142
Unit-V (6 hours)
Array antennas
Introduction to array, Two-Elemental Array, Array Factor, N-Element Linear Array:
Uniform Amplitude and Spacing, Broad Side and End-Fire Array
Unit VI (8 hours)
Radio wave Propagation
Antenna located over earth, field diffraction zones and losses, surface wave propagation,
ionospheric propagation, microwave and millimeter wave propagation, scattering by rain,
tropospheric scatter propagation, propagation into sea water, atmosphere ducts
Learning Resources
Text Books
1. C.A Balanis, “Antenna Theory and Design”, John Wiley& Sons, 3rd Ed, 2015.
2. R.E.Collin, ‘Antenna and Radiowave Propagation’, McGraw-Hill, New York,
1985.
Reference Books
1. John D.Kraus, ‘Antennas’ McGraw-Hill series ,2nd edition,1988 W L Stutzman,
and G.A Thiele, ‘Antenna Theory and Design’,John Wiley &sons, 2ndEd, 1998
2. R.S.Elliot, ’Antenna Theory and Design’, Revised edition,Wiley IEEE-
Press.,2003.
3. E.Jordan and K.Balmain, ‘Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems’,
Prentice-hall, New York, 1968.
4. R Garg, ‘ Design of Microstip Antenna’, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1991
Web resources
1. Prof. R.K. Shevgaonkar, IIT Bombay, ‘Lecture series on Transmission Lines and
EM Waves’(antenna related videos). URL: http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117101056/
2. Dr.AmalenduPatnaik, IIT Roorkee, “Web course on Advanced Antenna Theory
and Design', URL: http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117107035/
CO1 Define various antenna parameters

CO2 Analyze radiation patterns of antennas
CO3 Evaluate antennas for given specifications
CO4 Illustrate techniques for antenna parameter measurements
CO5 To understand the various applications of antennas
143
Assessment Method

Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
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144
ECXY03 Co-operative Communications PEC 3L: 0T: 0P 3 credits

1. To understand cooperation among modern communication networks that aids in
achieving maximum network efficiency.
2. To learn various multi-relay analysis.
3. To learn exact and approximated versions of SER analysis.
Course Content
Unit-I (8 hours)
Diversity Techniques
Types of Diversity and Advantages of Diversity techniques, Bit error rate analysis of
digital modulation schemes for different diversity techniques. Diversity Technique over
Fading Channels in the presence of Interference.
Unit-II (8 hours)
Cooperative communications
Relay channels, Basics of cooperative communication protocols-Amplify and forward and
decode and forward, hybrid decode amplify and forward protocols.
Unit-III (8 hours)
Cooperative communications with single relay
System model , Probability density function, cumulative distribution function and moment
generating function for harmonic distribution and minimum of exponential, and gamma
variants, Exact and Approximate SER analysis .
Unit-IV (8 hours)
Multi-node cooperative communications
Multi-node amplify-and-forward system model, dual hop-multi relay analysis, multi-hop&
multi relay. Bit error rate analysis.
Unit-V (8 hours)
Cooperative communications in the presence of Interference
System models, Exact and Approximate SER analysis .Asymptotic analysis of single and
multi-hop systems. Optimization: optimum power allocation, optimum relay positioning
schemes.
145
Unit-VI (5 hours)
Analysis of co-operative communications in the field of telecommunication system and
other relevant domains
Learning resources
Text book
1. K.J. Ray Liu et al, 'Cooperative Communications and Networking', Cambridge
University Press
Reference book
1. Y.W. Peter Hong et al, 'Cooperative Communications and Networking', Springer
Publications
Web resources
1. Prof Adithya K Jagannatham, NPTEL-IIT Kanpur, 'Applied Optimization for
Wireless, Machine Learning, Big Data',
CO 1 Use modern coding techniques such as network coding for improving the co-
operation gains
CO 2 Mathematically analyze the performance of cooperative communications
system
CO 3 Apply co-operative techniques to modern networks like mobile, edge, cloud
CO 4
Assessment Method:

Tool
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
146
ECXY04 Design of Microwave systems PEC 3L: 0T: 0P 3 credits
Course learning objectives
1. To introduce the student to microwave analysis methods and design techniques.

2. To understand the Scattering parameters to characterize devices and system
behavior.
3. To study the passive and active devices commonly utilized in microwave
subsystems
4. To understand the design procedures along with methods to evaluate device
performance.
5. To understand the free space communication link and equations developed to
determine the link carrier-to-noise ratio performance factor.
Course Content
Unit - I (6 hours)
Introduction
System Aspects of Antenna, Radio Receiver Architecture, Frii’s Formula, Noise in
Microwave Circuits, Dynamic Range and Intermodulation Distortion, Noise
Characterization of a Microwave Receiver, Microwave Propagation
Matching Networks
Smith chart, Admittance chart, Matching condition and maximum power transfer
condition, matching networks with lumped elements, single stub matching, quarter wave
transform.

Microwave amplifier design
Two-Port Power Gains, Stability, Stability Circles, Single-Stage Transistor Amplifier
Design, Low-Noise Amplifier Design, Broadband Transistor Amplifier, Balanced
Amplifiers, Distributed Amplifiers
Power amplifier design
Power Amplifiers Characteristics of Power Amplifiers and Amplifier Classes,
Characterization of Transistors, Design of Class-Power Amplifiers.
147
Oscillators and Mixers
Microwave Oscillators, Transistor Oscillators, Oscillator Phase Noise, Frequency
Multipliers. Mixer Characteristics, Single-Ended Diode Mixer, Single-Ended FET Mixer,
Balanced Mixer Image Reject Mixer, Other Mixers.
Microwave filter design
Filter Design by the Insertion Loss Method, Filter Transformations, Filter Implementation,
Richard's Transformation, Kuroda's Identities, Impedance and Admittance Inverters,
Stepped-Impedance Low-Pass Filters, Coupled Line Filters
Learning Resources
Text Books
1. David M Pozar, ‘Microwave Engineering’, John Wiley, 3rd Edition, 2005.
2. R.E. Collin, ‘Foundations for Microwave Engineering’, IEEE Press, John Wiley,
2nd Edition, 2002.
Reference Books
1. Guillermo Gonzalez, ‘Microwave Transistor Amplifiers Analysis and Design’,
Prentice hall, 2nd Edition,1997.
2. Joseph F. White, ‘High Frequency Techniques : An introduction to RF and
Microwave Engineering’, IEEE Press ,John Wiley & sons ,2004
Web Resources
1. Prof. Jayanta Mukherjee, NPTEL-IIT Bombay, ‘Microwave Integrated Circuits’,
CO1 Recognize different aspects of antenna and microwave concepts like

microwave propagation, microwave circuits etc.
CO2 Work with smith chart and finding parameters of microwave circuits by using
them.
CO3 Design and differentiate microwave amplifiers.
CO4 Know the characteristics of power amplifiers and design them.
CO5 Define different microwave oscillators and mixers.
C06 Recognize and design different microwave filters.
148
Assessment Method
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
************************************************************************
149
ECXY05 Detection and Estimation Theory PEC 3L: 0T: 0P 3 credits

The objective of this course is to make the students conversant with those aspects
of statistical decision and estimation which are indispensable tools required for the
optimal design of digital communication systems
Course Content
Unit-I (8 hours)
Review of Gaussian variables and processes; problem formulation and objective of signal
detection and signal parameter estimation in discrete-time domain. Bayesian, mini-max,
and Neyman-Pearson decision rules, likelihood ratio, receiver operating characteristics,
composite hypothesis testing, locally optimum tests, detector comparison techniques,
asymptotic relative efficiency.
Unit-II (8 hours)
Matched filter detector and its performance; generalized matched filter; detection of
sinusoid with unknown amplitude, phase, frequency and arrival time, linear model.
Unit-III (8 hours)
Estimator-correlator, linear model, general Gaussian detection, detection of Gaussian
random signal with unknown parameters, weak signal detection.
Unit-IV (8 hours)
Detection in the absence of complete statistical description of observations, sign detector,
Wilcoxon detector, detectors based on quantized observations, robustness of detectors
Unit-V (8 hours)
Minimum variance unbiased estimation, Fisher information matrix, Cramer-Rao bound,
sufficient statistics, minimum statistics, complete statistics; linear models; best linear
unbiased estimation; maximum likelihood estimation, invariance principle; estimation
efficiency; Bayesian estimation: philosophy, nuisance parameters, risk functions,
minimum mean square error estimation, maximum a posteriori estimation.
Unit-VI (5 hours)
Linear Bayesian estimation, Weiner filtering, dynamical signal model, discrete Kalman
filtering.
150
Learning resources
Text books
1. H. V. Poor, ‘An Introduction to Signal Detection and Estimation’, Springer, 2/e,
1998.
2. H. L. Van Trees, ‘Detection, Estimation and Modulation Theory: Part I, II, and
III’, John Wiley, NY, 1968
Reference Books
1. S. M. Kay, ‘Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing: Estimation Theory’,
Prentice Hall PTR, 1993.
2. S. M. Kay, ‘Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing: Detection Theory’,
Web Resources
1. Dr. Rohith Sinha, NPTEL-IIT Guwahati, ' Signal Detection and Estimation
Theory', URL: https://nptel.ac.in/courses/117103018/
CO 1 Study the qualitative problems of detection and estimation in the frame work of
statistical inference.
CO 2 Summarize the fundamental concept on Statistical Decision Theory and
Hypothesis Testing
CO 3 Gain an understanding of, and develop the ability to design automated systems
for detection and estimation.
CO 4 Write down hypothesis tests and estimation schemes for typical problems of
interest.
CO 5 summarizer with Bayesian parameter estimation (minimum mean square error
(MMSE), minimum mean absolute error (MMAE), maximum a-posterior
probability (MAP) estimation methods
CO 6 compare optimal filtering, linear estimation, and Wiener/Kalman filtering.
CO 7 construct Wiener and Kalman filters (time discrete) and state spacemodels
Assessment Method:
Assessment Weekly tests Monthly tests End Semester Total
Tool (In semester) (In semester) Test
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
**********************************************************************
151
ECXY06 Error Correcting Codes PEC 3L: 0T: 0P 3 credits
1. To provide a comprehensible and practical introduction to error control coding by

means of MATLAB implementations of Galois field arithmetic, Viterbi decoder
design, RS decoder design, and MAP architecture and others.
2. To understand the essence of typical design issues involved in design of
architectures for Error correcting codes by studying the algorithm of its design
structure
Course content
Unit-I (6 hours)
Error Control Coding at a glance, Channel Capacity and Shannon’s Theorem,
Considerations when selecting coding schemes, MATLAB implementations
Unit-II (6 hours)
Elementary algebraic structures, Galois Field and its arithmetic , Implementation of GF
(2m) Arithmetic, A special case: Inversion, MATLAB implementations
Unit-III (8 hours)
Linear Block Codes: Code construction and properties, Decoding Methods, Performance,
Encoder and Decoder designs, Hamming Codes. Cyclic Codes : Basic principles, Shift
Register based Encoder and Decoder , Shortened cyclic codes and CRC. BCH Codes:
Introduction, BCH Bound and Vander monde Matrix, Decoding BCH codes
MATLAB implementations
Unit-IV (8 hours)
Introduction to RS codes , Prelude: Non binary BCH codes , Reed-Solomon codes,
Decoding of RS codes , determining the Error location polynomial , Frequency-Domain
decoding, Error and Erasure decoding , RS decoder: From algorithm to architecture,
Standardized RS codes, MATLAB implementations
Unit-V (8 hours)
Fundamentals of convolutional codes : Code generation and representations. Decoding of
Convolutional codes: Optimum convolutional decoding and Viterbi algorithm, Sequential
decoding. Designing Viterbi decoder: Typical design issues, Design for high performance.
MATLAB implementations
152
Unit-VI (9 hours)
Turbo codes: Code concatenation, concatenating codes in parallel: Turbo code, Iterative
decoding of Turbo codes, Implementing MAP. Low-Density parity-check codes : Codes
with sparse parity-check matrix , decoding and encoding algorithms, High-level
architecture design for LDPC decoders. MATLAB implementations
Learning Resources
Text books
1. Yuan Jian, 'A practical guide to Error Control Coding using MATLAB' , Artech
House publications
2. Lin, Shu, D. J. Costello, Jr., 'Error Control Coding: Fundamentals and
Applications', Prentice Hall, 1983
Reference books
1. Peterson, W. W. and E.J. Weldon, Jr., 'Error-Correcting Codes' , the M.I.T. Press,
Cambridge, MA 1970
2. Shu Lin, 'An Introduction to Error-Correcting Codes' , Prentice-Hall
Web resources
1. Prof P Vijay Kumar, NPTEL-IISc Bangalore, ‘Error Correcting Codes’,
2. Nagi El Naga, 'Error Detecting and Correcting Systems Design' , Lecture Notes,
ECE Department, California State University, Northridge.
1 Analyze error control coding techniques in digital communication systems and in
digital storage systems
2 Understand and implementation of Galois Field Arithmetic
3 Understand and implement linear block codes, cyclic codes and BCH codes
4 Implementation Reed-Solomon codes
5 High performance convolution decoders design methodology analysis
6 Understanding of modern codes used in digital communications
Assessment Method:
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
******************************************************************
153
ECXY07 Information Theory and Coding PEC 3L: 0T: 0P 3 credits

The course aims to introduce to the students the concepts of amount of
information, entropy, channel capacity, source coding, error detection, error correction,
block coding, convolution coding, transform coding and quantization
Course Content
Unit - I (8 hours)
Definition of Information Measure and Entropy, Extension of an Information Source and
Markov Source, Adjoint of an Information Source, Joint and Conditional Information
Measure, Properties of Joint and Conditional Information Measures and a Morkov Source,
Asymptotic Properties of Entropy and Problem Solving in Entropy
Unit - II (8 hours)
Block Code and its Properties, Instantaneous Code and Its Properties, Kraft-Mcmillan
Equality and Compact Codes, Shannon's First Theorem, Coding Strategies and
Introduction to Huffman Coding, Huffman Coding and Proof of Its Optimality,
Competitive Optimality of the Shannon Code.

Non-Binary Huffman Code and Other Codes, Adaptive Huffman Coding, Shannon-Fano-
Elias Coding and Introduction to Arithmetic Coding, Arithmetic Coding, Information
Channels, Equivocation and Mutual Information.
Unit - IV (8 hours)
Properties of Different Information Channels, Reduction of Information Channels,
Properties of Mutual Information, Channel Capacity, Calculation of Channel Capacity,
Shannon's Second Theorem, Error Free Communication, Noisy Channel, Continuous
Sources and Channels
Unit - V (8 hours)
Differential Entropy and Evaluation of Mutual Information for Continuous Sources and
Channels, Channel Capacity of A Band Limited Continuous Channel, Introduction to
Rate-Distortion Theory, Definition and Properties of Rate-Distortion Functions,
Calculation of Rate-Distortion Functions, Computational Approach for Calculation of
Rate-Distortion Functions.
154
Introduction to Quantization, Lloyd-Max Quantizer, Compounded Quantization, Variable
Length Coding and Problem Solving in Quantizer Design, Vector Quantization,
Transform Coding
Learning Resources
Text books
1. Raymond W. Yeung, ``Information Theory and Network Coding'', Springer, 2008.
2. John R Pierce, ‘An Introduction to Information Theory: Symbols, Signals and
Noise’.
Reference books
1. Thomas M. Cover, Joy A. Thomas, 'Elements of Information Theory', 2nd Edition,
John Wiley & Sons, 2006
2. David J. C. MacKay, 'Information Theory, Inference, and Learning Algorithms',
Cambridge University Press.
Web Resources:
1. Prof S N Merchant, NPTEL- IIT Bombay, 'Information Theory and Coding' ,
2. Prof Adrish Banerjee, NPTEL-IIT Kanpur, 'An Introduction to Information
Theory', URL: https://nptel.ac.in/courses/117104129/
Course Outcomes: Students should able to
Derive equations for entropy mutual information and channel capacity for all
CO 1
types of channels
CO 2 Formulate the basic equations of block codes
Explain the various methods of generating and detecting different types of error
CO 3
correcting codes.
Distinguish between the different types of error correcting codes based on
CO 4
probability of error and noise ratio
Derive equations for entropy mutual information and channel capacity for all
CO 5
types of channels
Ability to understand the different types of quantization methods and
CO 6
transformation coding
Assessment Method

Tool
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
********************************************************************
155
ECXY08 Millimeter wave Technology PEC 3L: 0T: 0P 3 credits
1. Clarify the key ideas deriving mm Wave advancements and applications

2. Balance mm Wave arrangement with Microwave interchanges organization
3. Talk about different mm Wave key segments
4. Rundown key estimation, examination, and recognizable proof ideas of physical
parameters, and factual portrayals of mm Wave engendering channel.
Course content
Introduction to Millimeter Wave Technology
Introduction , Millimeter Wave Applications, Phase and Group Velocity, Slow and Fast
Waves, Skin Depth, Boundary Conditions, Challenges in Millimeter Wave Technology,
Material Properties at Millimeter Wave Frequencies, Substrate Losses.
Guiding Structures
Dielectric Loss, Conductor Loss, Radiation and Surface Wave Loss, EM Waves in
Transmission Lines, Surface Waves Wave-guiding Structures, High Power Limitation,
Planar Transmission Lines, Conductor-Backed Coplanar Waveguide, Surface-Integrated
Waveguide, Surface-Integrated Waveguide, Fabrication of PCB Circuits Dielectric Guides

Antennas at Millimeter Wave Frequencies
Antenna Parameters, Printed Millimeter Wave Antennas, Printed Millimeter Wave
Antennas, Waveguide Slot Arrays, On Chip Antennas, Dipole and Slot Antennas, Loop
Antennas, Fabrication of On Chip Antennas, Leaky Wave Antennas.
Millimeter wave Components
Dielectric Resonators, Filters, Determination of Quality Factor and Coupling Coefficient,
Power Dividers and Couplers, Matched Termination, Active Devices: Solid-State Devices,
Field Effect Transistors: High-Electron-Mobility Transistor, Electronic Switches.
156
Noise and Link Budget
Millimeter Wave Propagation, Frii’s Transmission Equation, Link Budget, Digital
Modulation and Bit Error Rate ,Channel Performance at 60 GHz, Millimeter Wave Link
Budget, Thermal Noise, Noise Temperature, External Sources of Noise
Millimeter Wave Systems
Antenna and Source Noise, Receiver Noise, Receiver Noise Factor, Receiver Noise
Factor, Operating Noise Factor, Noise Figure for Cascaded System Elements, Receiver
Noise Calculation, Passive Imaging, Transceiver Architectures.
Learning Resources
Text books
1. Duixian Liu et al, ‘Advanced Millimeter-wave Technologies: Antennas, Packaging
and Circuits’, Wiley.
2. Sergey M et al, ‘Handbook of RF, Microwave, and Millimeter-Wave Components’,
Artech House Microwave Library.
Reference books
1. Kao-Cheng Huang, Zhaocheng Wang, ‘Millimeter Wave Communication Systems’,
Wiley.
2. Shiban K. Koul, ‘Millimeter Wave and Optical Dielectric Integrated Guides and
Circuits’, Wiley.
3. David M. Pozar, ‘Microwave and RF Design of Wireless Systems’, Wiley.
Web Resources
1. Prof. Mrinal Kanti Mandal, NPTEL-IIT Kharagpur, ‘Millimeter wave technology’,
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the students will be able to
CO1 Understand mm wave advancement and applications

CO2 Recognizing different guiding structures in mm wave technology and
fabricating PCB circuits.
CO3 Understand different millimeter wave antennas and waveguide slot arrays.
CO4 Illustrating millimeter wave components and different electronic switches.
CO5 Understanding noise parameters and millimeter wave link budget.
157
CO6 Understand millimeter wave systems and factors of noise.
Assessment Method
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
158
ECXY09 Optical Communications PEC 3L: 0T: 0P 3 credits

1. the functionality of each of the components that comprise a fiber- optic
communication system
2. the properties of optical fiber that affect the performance of a communication link
and types of fiber materials with their properties and the losses occur in fibers.
3. the principles of single and multi-mode optical fibers and their characteristics
4. working of semiconductor lasers, and differentiate between direct modulation and
external electro-optic modulation.
5. Analyze the operation of LEDs, laser diodes, and PIN photo detectors (spectral
properties, bandwidth, and circuits) and apply in optical systems.
6. Analyze and design optical communication and fiber optic sensor systems.
Course content
Unit-I (8 hours)
Overview of optical fiber communication
Historical development, The general system, advantages of optical fiber communications.
Optical fiber wave guides- Introduction, Ray theory transmission, Total Internal Reflection,
Acceptance angle, Numerical Aperture, Skew rays, Cylindrical fibers- Modes, V-number,
Mode coupling, Step Index fibers, Graded Index fibers, Single mode fibers- Cut off
wavelength, Mode Field Diameter, Effective Refractive Index, Related problems
Unit-II (8 hours)
Fiber materials
Glass, Halide, Active glass, Chalgenide glass, Plastic optical fibers. Signal distortion in
optical fibers-Attenuation, Absorption, Scattering and Bending losses, Core and Cladding
losses, Information capacity determination, Group delay, Types of Dispersion:- Material
dispersion, Wave-guide dispersion, Polarization-Mode dispersion, Intermodal dispersion,
Pulse broadening in Graded index fiber, Related problems
Unit-III (8 hours)
Optical fiber Connectors
Connector types, Single mode fiber connectors, Connector return loss, Fiber Splicing-
Splicing techniques, Splicing single mode fibers, Fiber alignment and joint loss- Multimode
fiber joints, single mode fiber joints
159
Unit-IV (8 hours)
Optical sources
LEDs, Structures, Materials, Quantum efficiency, Power, Modulation, Power bandwidth
product. Injection Laser Diodes- Modes, Threshold conditions, External quantum
efficiency, Laser diode rate equations, Resonant frequencies, Reliability of LED&ILD,
Optical detectors- Physical principles of PIN and APD, Detector response time,
Temperature effect on Avalanche gain, Comparison of Photo detectors, Related problems.
Unit-V (8 hours)
Source to fiber power launching
Output patterns, Power coupling, Power launching, Equilibrium Numerical Aperture, Laser
diode to fiber coupling, Optical receiver operation- Fundamental receiver operation, Digital
signal transmission, error sources, Receiver configuration, Digital receiver performance,
Probability of Error, Quantum limit, Analog receivers
Unit-VI (5 hours)
Optical system design
Point-to- point links- Component choice and considerations, Link power budget, Rise time
budget with examples, Line coding in Optical links, WDM, Necessity, Principles,
Measurement of Attenuation and Dispersion, Eye pattern
Learning resources
Text Book:
1. Gerd Keiser, ‘Optical Fiber Communications’, McGraw-Hill International edition,
3rd Edition,2000.
2. John M. Senior, ‘Optical Fiber Communications’, PHI, 2nd Edition, 2002
Reference Books
1. D.K. Mynbaev , S.C. Gupta and Lowell L. Scheiner, 'Fiber Optic
Communications', Pearson Education,2005.
2. S.C.Gupta, 'Optical Fiber Communication and its Applications', PHI, 2005.
Web resources:
1. Prof. Pradeep Kumar K, NPTEL-IIT Kanpur, 'Optical Communications’, URL:
http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117104127
160
CO 1 Recognize and classify the structures of Optical fiber and types.

CO 2 Discuss the channel impairments like losses and dispersion
CO 3 Analyze various coupling losses
CO 4 Classify the Optical sources and detectors and to discuss their principle
CO 5 Familiar with Design considerations of fiber optic systems
CO 6 the models of analog and digital receivers
Assessment Method
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
161
ECXY10 Principles of Radar PEC 3L: 0T: 0P 3 credits

1. To understand the basic concept of Radar and its applications
2. Understand the different Radar performance factors.
3. To explain the operation of MTI & Pulse Doppler Radar.
4. To explain the principle involved in radar system.
5. To know the various types of radar and areas of applications.
6. To compute radar parameters & solve problems relating to radar.
Course Content:
Radar Basics
Radar and Radar Equation: Introduction, Radar block diagram and operation, frequencies,
applications, types of displays, derivation of radar equation, minimum detectable signal,
probability of false alarm and threshold detection, radar cross-section, system losses
CW Radar
Doppler Effect, CW Radar, FM-CW Radar, Range and Doppler Measurement, altimeter,
Multiple Frequency CW Radar.

MTI and Pulse Doppler Radar
Pulse Doppler radar, MTI Radar, Delay Line Cancellers, Blind Speeds, Staggered PRFs.
Range Gated Doppler Filters, Limitations, MTI versus Pulse Doppler radar.
Tracking Radar
Sequential lobbing, conical scanning, mono pulse, phase comparison mono pulse, tracking
in range, comparison of trackers.
Unit – V: (8 hours)
Detection of Radar signals in Noise
Matched Filter Receiver , Cross-correlation Receiver, Efficiency of Non-matched
Filters, Matched Filter with Non-white Noise.
162
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR)
Fundamentals, cross-range resolution in radar, synthetic aperture viewpoint, Introduction
to polarimetric and interferometric SAR
Learning Resources
Text Books
1. Merrill I. Skolnik, ‘Introduction to Radar Systems’, , Tata McGraw-Hill, 2001,
3rd Edition
2. Peebles, Jr., P.Z., ‘Radar Principles’ Wiley, New York, 1998.
3. Byron Edde, ‘Radar Principals, Technology, Applications’, Pearson Education,
2004
Reference Books:
1. Hovanessian, S.A., ‘Radar System Design and Analysis’, Artech House 1984.
2. Harger, R. O., ‘Synthetic Aperture Radar Systems: Theory and Design’,
Academic Press, NY (1970).
3. Schleher, D.C., ‘MTI and Pulse Doppler Radar’, Artech House 1991
4. Richards, M.A., ‘Fundamental of Radar Signal Processing’, Tata
McGraw-hill. 2005
5. Sullivan, R.J., ‘Radar Foundations for Imaging and Advanced Concepts’,
Prentice-Hall of India. 2004
6. Mott, H., ‘Remote Sensing with Polarimetric Radar’, IEEE Press. 2007
Web Resources:
1. Dr. Robert M. O'Donnell, MIT –OCW, ‘Introduction to radar’, URL:
http://www.ll.mit.edu/workshops/education/videocourses/introradar/index.html
2. Dr. Robert M. O'Donnell, IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society,
‘Lecture series on Radar’, URL: http://aess.cs.unh.edu/radar%20se%20Li
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the students will be able to
CO1 Understand the essential principles of operation of radar systems

CO2 Classify different CW Radars and can define doppler effect.
CO3 Recognize tracking radars and comparison between them
CO4 Define and recognize MTI and pulse radar.
CO5 Detect the noise in radar signals and eradication of noise.
163
CO6 Understand the principles of Synthetic Aperture Radar, its use in geophysical
remote sensing and surveillance applications, and the digital processing used to
form SAR images
Assessment Method

Tool
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
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164
Radio Frequency and Microwave

Engineering
Course Objective
1. Introduce limitations of lumped analysis and lumped components at high

frequency and introduce to the design of microwave components at high
frequency.
2. Introduce analysis of Microwave networks using two port parameters.
3. To study about Microwave Solid-State Microwave Devices and Microwave Tubes
and insight into Microwave Measurement Techniques.
Course Content
Introduction
Applications of microwave engineering ,Distinguishing features of high frequency
electromagnetic, RF behavior of passive components at high frequencies.
Unit-II (8 hours)
Microwave Network Analysis
Impedance and equivalent voltages and currents , Z-matrix, ABCD matrix, S-matrix,
properties of S-matrix , signal flow graphs.
Unit-III (8 hours)
Power divider and couplers
Resistive and junction power dividers , Wilkinson power divider, directional couplers,
quadrature hybrid, 180 degree hybrid , waveguide magic tee.
Unit-IV (7 hours)
Microwave Components
Non reciprocal devices: faraday’s rotation, isolator and circulator,Microwave resonators,
RF diodes : PIN diode , Schottky diode.
Unit-V (8 hours)
Microwave Sources
Limitations of conventional tubes ,classification of microwave tubes.Reflex klystron,
Magnetron, Travelling Wave tubes,Transferred Electron Device’s ,Ridely-Watkins-Hilsun
(RWH) Theory , Gunn diode.
165
Unit-VI (8 hours)
Antenna parameters
Radiation concepts, Basic antenna principles, Near field and far field regions, Antenna
parameters :radiation intensity , gain, directivity, Effective area, radiation pattern , Frii’s
Equation.
Learning Resources
Text Books
1. David M Pozar , “Microwave Engineering”, John Wiley, 3 rd Edition, 2005
2. Samuel Y. Liao , “Microwave Devices and Circuits” ,PHI, 3 rd Edition,1994
Reference Books
1. R.E. Collin, ‘Foundations for Microwave Engineering’, IEEE Press, John Wiley,
2nd Edition, 2002.
2. Reinhold Ludwig, Gene Bogdanov, ‘RF Circuit Design theory and applications’
PHI publications.
3. Clayton R Paul, ‘Introduction to Electromagnetic Compatibility’, Wiley, 2nd
edition,2006.
Web Resources
1. Dr. Amitabha Bhattacharya, NPTEL-IIT Kharagpur, ‘Basic Tools of Microwave

Engineering’. URL: http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117105122/
2. Dr. Amitabha Bhattacharya, NPTEL-IIT Kharagpur, ‘Basic Tools of Microwave

Engineering’. URL: http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117105130/
3. Prof. Sharma, RGUKT content, ‘Microwave engineering’.
CO1 Understood RF behavior of passive components at high frequency.
CO2 Use S-parameter terminology to describe circuits and Design microwave
transmission lines.
CO3 Describe and analyze different impedance matching techniques and Design
impedance matching networks for specific application.
CO4 Use microwave components such as isolators, couplers, circulators and Know
principles of Microwave devices.
CO5 Understand basic design parameters of antennas
166
CO6 Know principles of Microwave tubes and microwave devices and about
different Microwave Measurement techniques.
Assessment Method
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
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167
ECXY12 Satellite Communications PEC 3L: 0T: 0P 3 credits
Course Objectives
1. Determine the orbital parameters of a satellite

2. Determine the azimuth and elevation angles and visibility of a geostationary
satellite from an earth station
3. Create link budgets for an uplink and a downlink, and determine carrier to noise
ratio (C/N) at an earth terminal receiver
4. Calculate the baseband signal-to-noise ratio or bit error rate for a satellite link
5. Design a communications satellite system to meet specified objectives for signal to
noise ratio (S/N) in an analog baseband or BER in a digital link using appropriate
multiple access techniques
Course Content
Unit-I (8 hours)
Intro and Orbital Mechanics, Launchers
Developing the Equations of the Orbit, Kepler’s Three Laws of Planetary Motion,
Describing the Orbit of a satellite, Locating the in the Orbit, Locating the Satellite with
Respect to the Earth. Orbital Elements, Look Angle Determination, The Sub satellite
Point, Elevation and Azimuth angle Calculations, Specialization to Geostationary
Satellites, Visibility Test, Orbital Perturbations, Orbit Determination, Launches and
Launch Vehicles, Doppler Shift, Range Variations, Solar Eclipse, Sun Transit Outage.
Unit-II (8 hours)
Satellite Subsystems
Attitude and Orbit Control System, Telemetry, Tracking, Command and monitoring,
Power Systems, Communication Subsystems, Transponders, Satellite Antennas,
Equipment Reliability and Space Qualification, Redundancy.
Unit-III (8 hours)
Satellite Link Design
Introduction, Basic Transmission Theory, System Noise Temperature and G/T Ratio,
Noise Figure and Noise Temperature, G/T Ratio for Earth stations. Design of Downlinks,
Link Budgets, Uplink Design, Designs for Specified C/N Ratios.
168
Unit-IV (8 hours)
Multiple Access Techniques
Introduction, FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, Intermodulation, Calculation of C/N with
Intermodulation TDMA Frame Structure, Demand Access Multiple Access(DAMA),
Spread Spectrum Transmission and Reception.
Unit-V (8 hours)
Propagation Effects and their Impact on Satellite-Earth Links
Introduction, Quantifying Attenuation and Depolarization, Atmospheric Absorption,
Cloud Attenuation, Troposphere Scintillation and Low Angle Fading, Faraday Rotation in
the atmosphere, Ionospheric Scintillation, Rain and Ice Effects, Antenna Noise,
Propagation Impairment Countermeasures.
Unit-VI (5 hours)
Practical aspects of Satellite communication systems.
Learning Resources
Text Books
1. Satellite Communications 2 nd Edition, by T Pratt, C.W.Bostain, J.EAllnutt.John

Willey sons 2003.
2. Satellite communications systems: Systems, Techniques, and Technology 5 th
Edition by G Maral, M.Bousquet, Z.Sun , John Willy Sons.
3. Gary D Gordon and Walter L Morgan, Principles of Communication satellites,
John Wiley& Sons,1993.
Web resources
1. Dr. Kalyankumar Bandopadhyay, NPTEL-IIT Kharagpur, ‘Satellite

Communication Systems’. URL: http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117105131/
Course outcomes
CO1 Able to learn the dynamics of the satellite.

CO2 Able to understand the communication satellite design.
CO3 Able to understand how analog and digital technologies are used for satellite
communication networks.
CO4 Able to learn the design of satellite links.
CO5 Able to study the design of Earth station and tracking of the satellites.
169
Assessment Method

Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
***********************************************************************
170
ECXY13 Wireless Communications PEC 3L: 0T: 0P 3 credits

1. To get an understanding of mobile radio communication principles, types and to
study the recent trends adopted in cellular and wireless communication system
standards.
2. Develop a relationship between re-use ratio and cluster size or re-use factor for
hexagonal cell geometry
3. Study co-channel interference, adjacent channel interference and hand off
strategies.
Course Content
Unit-I (7 hours)
Cellular concepts: frequency reuse, Cell Sectoring, Cell Splitting, traffic analysis, trunking
efficiency, call blocking probability, Blocked calls cleared system, blocked calls delayed
system, hard handover and Soft handover.
Unit-II (8 hours)
Introduction to radio wave propagation, free space propagation model, Antenna
fundamentals, received power calculations, Friis Free Space equation, Fraun hoper
distance, Path loss exponent, Indoor Path loss Models, Two-Ray Model, Receiver
sensitivity.
Unit-III (8 hours)
Diffraction, Fresnel Zones, Fresnel-Kirchhoff Diffraction Parameter, Shadow fading,
Log-Normal Distribution, Boundary Coverage Probability, Percentage of Area Coverage.
Distance Dependent Path loss Models: Okumura and Hata models.
Unit-IV (8 hours)
Small Scaling Fading: Multipath Propagation, Envelope Fading, Rayleigh and Rician
Fading, Doppler Effect, Time Dispersion, Frequency Dispersion, Frequency Flat and
Selective Fading, Slow and Fast Fading, Coherence Time & Coherence Bandwidth.
Unit-V (8 hours)
Diversity: Introduction to MIMO systems, Receive Diversity, Selective combining,
Maximal ratio combining (MRC), Equal gain combining, Transmit Diversity, Alamouti
Scheme, Zero forcing and MMSE equalizers.
171
Unit-VI (6 hours)
Multiple Access techniques: Code Division Multiple Access, RAKE Receiver,
WCDMA, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, Cyclic Prefix, Design of OFDM
systems.
Learning Resources
Text Books
1. Theodore, S. Rappaport , ‘Wireless Communications, Principles, Practice’, 2nd
Ed., 2002, PHI.
2. Andrea Goldsmith, ‘Wireless Communications’, 2005 Cambridge University Press.
3. Gottapu Sasibhushana Rao, ‘Mobile Cellular Communication’, Pearson Education,
2012.
Reference Books
1. Kaveh Pah Laven and P. Krishna Murthy, ‘Principles of Wireless Networks’,
2002, PE.
2. Kamilo Feher, ‘Wireless Digital Communications’, PHI.
3. William Stallings, ‘Wireless Communication and Networking’, PHI.
4. Upen Dalal, ‘Wireless Communication’, Oxford Univ. Press.
Web resources:
1. Prof David Koilpillai, NPTEL-IIT Madras, 'Introduction to Wireless and Cellular
Communication System', URL: https://nptel.ac.in/courses/106106167/
Course Outcomes: At the end of this course student will able to
Apply the knowledge of basic communication systems and its principles.

CO 1
Describe the cellular concept and analyze capacity improvement Techniques.
CO 2 Mathematically analyze mobile radio propagation mechanisms.
CO 3 Mathematically analyze small scale fading and multi path mechanisms.
CO 4 Summarize diversity reception techniques.
CO 5 Assess the standard wireless technologies
CO 6 Study and analyze the real-world wireless communication system models
172
Assessment Method
Tool
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
************************************************************************
173
ECXY14 Advanced Digital Signal Processing PEC 3L: 0T: 0P 3 credits

1. To understand multi-rate systems and different wavelets.
2. To learn about both CWT and DWT.
3. To understand variants of the wavelet transform and its implementation
Course Content:
Unit - I (6 hours)
Need for multi resolution / multi-scale analysis, time-frequency analysis and generation of
wavelets
Unit-II (8 hours)
Piece-wise constant approximation-the Haar wavelet, dyadic multi resolution analysis
(MRA), relating dyadic MRA to filter banks, elements of multi-rate systems, two-band
filter bank design
Unit-III (8 hours)
Orthogonal and bi-orthogonal wavelets, Daubechies family of wavelets, Vanishing
moments and regularity, Conjugate Quadrature Filter banks (CQF), Data compression-
fingerprint compression standards JPEG-2000 standards.
Unit-IV (8 hours)
The uncertainty principle and its implications: Gaussian function, the Gabor transform and
its generalization in time, frequency. Continuous wavelet transform (CWT).
Unit-V (8 hours)
CWT to the DWT discretization, discretization of scale, discretization of translation,
discretization of time, Going from piecewise linear to piecewise polynomial, the class of
spline wavelets.
Unit-VI (7 hours)
Variants of the wavelet transform and its implementation structures, the wave packet
transform, Computational efficiency in realizing filter banks-polyphase components, the
lattice structure, the lifting scheme applications.
174
Learning resources
Text books
1. Howard L. Resnikoff, Raymond O.Wells, 'Wavelet analysis :The Scalable
Structure of Information’, Springer,1998.
2. Stephen Welstead, ‘Fractal and Wavelet Image Compression Techniques’, PHI
publications
Web resources
1. Prof V.M. Gadre, NPTEL-IIT Bombay, ‘Advanced Digital Signal Processing’,
URL: http://nptel.ac.in/courses/ 117101001
1 Know the analysis of discrete time signals.

2 Analyze multirate DSP systems.
3 Determine coefficients for perfect reproduction filter banks and wavelets.
4 Choose parameters to take a wavelet transform, and interpret and process
the result.
5 To analyze the different wavelet transformation techniques
6 Apply the algorithms for wide area of recent applications
Assessment Method

Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
************************************************************************
175
ECXY15 Artificial Neural Networks PEC 3L: 0T: 0P 3 credits
Course Objectives
1. Principles of neuro computing with artificial neural networks.
2. Supervised and unsupervised learning.
3. Connectionist architectures.
Course content
Unit - I (6 hours)
Introduction to Artificial Neural Networks
Artificial Neura Networks and Applications, ANN usefulness and capabilities, Equivalent
electrical model, Artificial Neural Model and Linear Regression, Gradient Descent
Algorithm, Nonlinear activation units and learning mechanisms, Basic learning rules,
Leaning Mechanisms(Hebbian, Competitive, Boltzmann), classifications of Synaptic
modification.
Unit-II (8 hours)
Associative Memory and Dimensions
Stochastic learning algorithm, Characteristics of associative memory, Associative
memory model, Matrix Memory, Condition for Perfect recall, Statistical aspects of
learning, properties of regressive model, Neural measure of effectiveness, V.C
dimension, Shattering, Importance of V.C dimensions.
Unit-III (8 hours)
Perception and Baye’s classifier
Single layer perception, Gauss-Newton’s method, Linear least scale filter, Ergodic
process, Least Mean Square Algorithm, Convergence Consideration in LSM algorithm,
Perceptron Convergence Theorem, Bayes classifier and Perceptron, Bayes classifier for
Gaussian distribution, Comparison between Baye’s classifier and perceptron, Multilayer
perceptron.
Unit-IV (8 hours)
Back propagation algorithm
Back propagation algorithm, practical consideration in back propagation algorithm, Modes
of training, Solution of Non-Linearity separable problems using MLP, Heuristics for Back
Propagation, Mean and Variance induced local field, Multi-Class classification using
Multilayered perceptrons.
176
Unit-V (7 hours)
Radial Basis Function networks
Cover’s Theorem, RBF networks, separability and interpolation, types of phases, RBF
as ill-posed surface reconstruction, Regularization, Solution of regularization equation
: greens function, Use of greens function in regularization networks, Generalized
RBF, Comparison between MLP and RBF, Learning mechanisms in RBF.
Unit-VI (8 hours)
Introduction principle components and analysis
Dimensionality Reduction Using PCA, Types of transformation, Hebbian-Based principle
component analysis, Generalized Hebbian Algorithm, Introduction to Self organizing
maps, Essential process in the formation of self organizing maps, Cooperative and
adaptive processes in SOM, 2-D lattice, Vector quantization using SOM, Optimum
encoder and decoder.
Learning resources
Text Books
1. Laurene V. Fausett , 'Fundamentals of Neural Networks: Architectures, Algorithms
and Applications', Pearson publications.
Reference Books
1. S. Sivanandam, 'Introduction to Neural Networks using MATLAB', Tata McGraw
Hill publications.
Web Resources
1. Prof.S.Sengupta, NPTEL-IIT Kharagpur, ' Neural Networks'.
URL: http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117105084
Course Outcomes:
The students will be able to
.
CO1 Neuro computing with artificial neural networks widely used for addressing
real-world problems such as classification, regression, pattern recognition, data
mining, time-series modeling, etc..
177
CO2 Unsupervised learning is studied using Kohonen networks. Recurrent networks

of the Hopfield type are briefly covered.
CO3 There are offered contemporary parameter training techniques for all these
connectionist architectures
CO4 Program implementations of the studied neural networks are provided in
Matlab, and applied to classification, regression and time series data.
Assessment Method:

Tool
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
************************************************************************
178
ECXY16 Bio Medical Signal Processing PEC 3L: 0T: 0P 3 credits
Course Objectives:
1. Fundamental tools that are used to describe, analyze and process biomedical
signals.
2. Fundamental principles in the analysis and design of filters, power spectral density
estimation and non-stationary signal processing techniques with applications to
biomedical signals will be taught.
SYLLABUS:
Human body as a system, Building blocks, Biomedical signal origin & dynamics.
(EEG, EMG etc.)
Unit-II (8 hours)
Filtering for Removal of artifacts Statistical Preliminaries; Time domain filtering
(Synchronized Averaging, Moving Average). Filtering for Removal of artifacts contd.
Time domain filtering (Moving Average Filter to Integration, Derivative-based operator),
Frequency Domain Filtering (Notch Filter)
Unit-III (8 hours)
Filtering for Removal of artifacts contd. Optimal Filtering: The Weiner Filter. Filtering for
Removal of artifacts contd. Adaptive Filtering Selecting Appropriate Filter
Unit-IV (8 hours)
Event Detection Example events (viz. P, QRS and T wave in ECG) Derivative based
Approaches for QRS Detection Pan Tompkins Algorithm for QRS Detection. Event
Detection contd. Dicrotic Notch Detection Correlation Analysis of EEG Signal.
Unit-V (8 hours)
Waveform Analysis Illustrations of problem with case studies Morphological Analysis of
ECG Correlation coefficient The Minimum phase correspondent and Signal Length.
Waveform Analysis contd. Envelop Extraction Amplitude demodulation The Envelogram
Analysis of activity Root Mean Square value Zero-crossing rate Turns Count, Form factor.
179
Unit-VI (7 hours)
Frequency-domain Analysis Periodogram. Frequency-domain Analysis Averaged
Periodogram Blackman-Tukey Spectral Estimator Daniells Spectral Estimator Measures
derived from PSD.
Learning Resources
Text books
1. R M Rangayyan “Biomedical Signal Analysis: A case Based Approach”, IEEE
Press, John Wiley & Sons. Inc, 2002
2. Willis J. Tompkins “Biomedical Digital Signal Processing”, EEE, PHI, 2004
Reference books
1. D C Reddy “Biomedical Signal Processing: Principles and Techniques”, Tata
McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. Ltd, 2005
2. J G Webster “Medical Instrumentation: Application & Design”, John Wiley &
Sons Inc., 2001
3. C Raja Rao, S K Guha “Principles of Medical Electronics and Biomedical
Instrumentation”, Universities Press, 2001
Web References
1. Prof.Sudipta Mukhopadhyay, NPTEL-IIT Kharagpur 'Biomedical signal
processing', URL: https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108105101/
Course Outcomes
The students will be able to
CO 1 Analyze the design techniques involved for digital filters

CO 2 Identify the bio-signals
CO 3 Understand special techniques like Heart rate variability Analysis
Assessment Method

Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
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180
ECXY17 Digital Image Processing PEC 3L: 0T: 0P 3 credits

1. Students should able to understand fundamental technologies for digital image
compression, analysis and processing.
2. Student should able to learn necessity of digital image and reconstruction of digital
image
3. Student should able to know how to transform the images by using image
transformation techniques
4. Student should able to understand the need for image transforms and their image
enhancement.
5. Students should able to know the colour image processing techniques and their
image segmentation methods.
Course Content
Unit - I (7 hours)
Introduction to Digital image Processing and Image Digitization
Need of Image processing, Applications, Introduction to Video Sequence processing,
Image compression, Image representation, Steps in Digital Image processing, Need of
digitization, Image as matrix of Numbers, Sampling, Signal Reconstruction from Samples,
Convolution, 2D sampling, Image Quantization, Quantization error, Quantizer, Design.
Relationships between pixels.
Unit - II (8 hours)
Basic Transformations and Image Interpolation
Translation, rotation, scaling, Camera Model and Image Geometry, Camera Calibration
and Stereo Imaging, Stereo Image modeling, Interpolation and Resampling, B-spline
interpolation Functions, Constant interpolation, Image Transformation, DCT Basis
Images, Walsh Transform, Hadamard Transform
Unit-III (7 hours)
Image Transforms
Image Transformation, Basis Images, Fourier Transformation, Discrete Cosine Transform,
Walsh Transform, Hadamard Transform. K- L Transform.
181
Unit-IV (7 hours)
Image Enhancement and Image Restoration
Necessity of Image Enhancement, Spatial Domain Operations, Frequency domain
operations, Power law transformation. Image Enhancement frequency. Image Restoration
and Restoration techniques, Image Registration.
Unit-V (8 hours)
Colour Image Processing and Image Segmentation
Primary and Secondary Colours, Chromaticity diagram and its use, RGB color model, HIS
color model, Conversation from one model to another, Pseudo Color Image processing,
Colour and intensity modifications, Image Segmentation, Linking of edge points,
Threshold Technique, Region based Segmentation.
Unit-VI (8 hours)
Mathematical Morphology and Object Representation and Description.
Morphological Image processing Techniques: Dilation, Erosion, Opening, Closing.
Applications Hit or Miss Transform, Image under Standing Techniques, Boundary based
Descriptions, Region based Descriptions, Recognition techniques: Using shape number,
Feature based Techniques, Neural based Technique.
Learning Resources
Text books
1. Rafel C. Gonzalez and Richard E. woods, 'Digital Image Processing', Pearson
publishers
Reference books
1. Anil K. Jain , ‘Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing’, Prentice Hall (1989).
Web Resources
1. Prof. P.K Biswas, NPTEL-IIT Kharagpur, ‘Digital Image Processing’,
URL: http://nptel.ac.in/courses
The course will cover techniques and tools for digital image processing, and
CO 1 finally also introduce image analysis techniques in the form of image
segmentation.
The course is primarily meant to develop on-hand experience in applying these
CO 2 tools to process these images. Hence the programming assignments form a key
component of this course
182
The students would be encouraged to develop the image processing tools from
CO 3
scratch, rather than using any image processing library functions.
Students will also get an opportunity to familiarize with Open CV image
CO 4
processing library.
Emphasis will be to develop engineering skills and intuitive understanding of the
CO 5
tools used in Image Processing.
CO 6 Select feature extraction techniques for image analysis and recognition.
Assessment Method:
Tool
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
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183
Digital Voice and Picture

Communication

1. To understand speech model and different quantization models.
2. To understand Digital TV (picture signal) communication, characteristics, and
coding.
3. To study applications of: Low resolution TV, mobile TV, audio/ video
conferencing, video telephony.
Course Content
Unit-I (6 hours)
Speech production model, Speech coding, Sampling of speech, Quantizers for speech
signal, Uniform and non-uniform quantizer, Mew law and optimum quantizer, Adaptive
quantizer, Differential quantization.
Unit-II (8 hours)
Linear delta modulation and adaptive delta modulation, Differential PCM, Adaptive
prediction, Linear prediction of speech, Computational aspect of LPC (Linear Predictive
Coding) parameters, Cholasky decomposition, Lattice formulation of LPC coefficient,
Linear predictive synthesizer, LPC vocoder.
Unit-III (8 hours)
Introduction to image and video coding, Lossy image compression, Discrete cosine
transform (DCT), DCT quantization and limitations, Theory of wavelets, Discrete wavelet
transform, Multi resolution analysis, DWT on the images and its encoding, Embedded
zero tree wavelet encoding.
Unit-IV (8 hours)
Introduction to video coding, Basic building blocks in video coding, Conventional video
and streaming video, Hybrid video coding, video decoding, Motion estimate technique,
Fast motion estimation technique.
Unit-V (8 hours)
Video coding standards, Advanced coding aspects, Profile and levels, Macro blocks, Slice
and slice types, Audio coding basic concepts, Audio coding AC-3 techniques, AC-3
decoding techniques, MPEG-1 audio coding and decoding techniques.
184
Unit-VI (7 hours)
Introduction to VOIP, VOIP signal processing (H.323 protocol), H.323 call controls and
enhancements, Interworking with PSTN limitations and solution, Multiplexing schemes,
H.323 multiplexing, Header compression and BW, ISDN video conferencing, SIP
protocol, 4G multimedia conferencing.
Learning resources
Text books
1. L.R. Rabiner, Digital Processing of Speech Signals
2. Kondoz, Digital Speech: Coding for low bit rate communication systems; John
Wiley publication
Reference Books
1. Jacob Benesty, M. Mohan Sondhi, Yiteng Huang, Handbook of Speech
Processing, Springer
2. K.R. Rao, Z. S. Bojkovic, D. A. Milovanovic, Introduction to Multimedia
Communications Applications, Middleware, Networking, Wiley publication.
Web resources
1. Prof S Sengupta, NPTEL-IIT Kharagpur, ‘Digital Voice And Picture
Communication’, URL: http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117105081
CO 1 Extract data form the lossy images.
CO 2 Differentiate between different audio and video standards.
CO 3 Analyze the image in different aspects.
CO 4 Analyze the video and audio vide codecs
CO 5 Analyze modulation techniques
CO 6 Analyze advanced voice and video protocols
Assessment Method

Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
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185
ECXY19 Estimation of Signals and Systems PEC 3L: 0T: 0P 3 credits
Course Objectives
1. Signal detection and estimation is the area of study that deals with the processing
of information-bearing signals.
2. Applications of the theory of signal detection and estimation are in many areas,
such as communications, automatic control, radar/ sonar, speech and image
processing and medical signal processing.
3. In general, detection and estimation applications involve making inferences from
observations that are distorted or corrupted in some manner.
4. Cast detection and estimation problems in a probabilistic framework in which
unknown behavior is assumed to be random.
Course Content
Introduction, Probability Theory, Random Variables, Function of Random Variable Joint
Density, Mean and Variance.
Unit-II (7 hours)
Random Vectors Random Processes, Random Processes and Linear Systems, Some
Numerical Problems, Miscellaneous Topics on Random Process, Linear Signal Models.
Unit-III (8 hours)
Linear Mean Square Error Estimation, Auto Correlation and Power Spectrum Estimation-
Transform Revisited Eigen Vectors/Values, The Concept of Innovation, Last Squares
Estimation Optimal IIR Filters.
Unit-IV (8 hours)
Introduction to Adaptive Filters, State Estimation, Kalman Filter-Model and Derivation,
Estimator Properties
Unit-V (8 hours)
The Time-Invariant Kalman Filter, Kalman Filter-Case Study, System identification
Introductory Concepts, Linear Regression-Recursive Least Squares, Variants of LSE
Unit-VI (8 hours)
Least Square Estimation, Model Order Selection Residual Tests, Practical Issues in
Identification, Estimation Problems in Instrumentation and Control Conclusion
186
Learning resources
Text Books
1. H. L. Van Trees, "Detection, Estimation and Modulation Theory: Part I, II and

III", John Wiley, NY, 1968.
2. H. V. Poor, "An Introduction to Signal Detection and Estimation", Springer, 2/e,
1998.
Reference Books
1. S. M. Kay, "Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing: Estimation Theory",
2. S. M. Kay, "Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing: Detection Theory",
Web resources
1. Prof S Mukhopadhyay, NPTEL-IIT Kharagpur, ‘Estimation of signals and
systems’. URL: https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108105059/
Assessment Method:

Tool
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
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187
ECXY20 Medical Image analysis PEC 3L: 0T: 0P 3 credits
Course Learning objectives

1. To provide students with an overview of the computational and mathematical
methods in medical image processing.
2. To learn medical image data analysis (CT, MRI, PET and Ultrasound).
3. To learn current methods used to enhance and extract useful information from
medical images.
Course content
Introduction to Medical Image analysis
Medical Image analysis and overview
Unit-II (6 hours)
Imaging and Clustering
X ray and CT Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Ultrasound Imaging, Optical
Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Texture in Medical Images, Region Growing and
Clustering.
Unit-III (6 hours)
Image Segmentation
Random Growing and Clustering, Random Walks for Segmentation, Active Contours for
Segmentation, Systematic Evaluation and Validation, Decision Trees for Segmentation
and Classification, Random Forests for segmentation and Classification.

Neural Networks for Segmentation
Simple neuron, Neural network formulation, Learning with error back propagation,
Gradient checking and optimization.
Unit-V (12 hours)

Medical Image Analysis
Medical Image processing using MATLAB
Case study: Finding parasitic infections with MATLAB: Explore and manage a range of
real-world image sets, Solve challenging image processing problems with user interfaces,
Develop familiarity with simple to advanced image segmentation approaches, Classify
parasitic infections using machine learning techniques
188
Unit-VI (5 hours)
Applications
Retinal Vessel Segmentation, Vessel Segmentation in Computed Tomography Scan of
Lungs, Tissue Characterization in Ultra sound.
Learning Resources
Text books
1. Atam P. Dhawan, ‘Medical image analysis’, IEEE Press Series on Biomedical
Engineering.
2. G. Dougherty, 'Medical Image Processing', Springer, 2011.
Reference Books
1. K. D. Toennies, 'Guide to Medical Image Analysis’, Springer, 2012.
2. T. M. Deserno, 'Biomedical Image Processing', Springer, 2011.
3. A. Criminisi, J. Shotton, 'Decision Forests for Computer Vision and Medical
Image Analysis', Springer, 2013.
Web resources
1. Prof. Debdoot Sheet, NPTEL - IIT Kharagpur, ‘Medical Image Analysis’, URL:
2. URL:https://www.mathworks.com/videos/medical-imaging-workflows-with-
matlab-81850.html
3. URL:https://www.mathworks.com/videos/medical-image-processing-with-matlab-
81890.html
CO 1 Exposure to a variety of radiological diagnostic scenarios with examples
CO 2 Analyze medical image outputs of X-Ray, MRI scan, CT scan etc
CO 3 Analyze image segmentation mechanisms
CO 4 Application of specific image processing techniques for medical diagnosis
CO 5 Application of Neural networks for medical image analysis
CO 6 Application of MATLAB for medical image analysis
Assessment Method:
189

Tool
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
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190
Pattern Recognition and

applications

1. To understand the mathematical approach for pattern recognition.
2. To apply neural networks for pattern recognition.
3. To learn to apply pattern recognition for resolving real time problems
Course content
Unit-I (7 hours)
Polynomial curve fitting – The curse of dimensionality - Decision theory- Information
theory - The beta distribution - Dirichlet distribution-Gaussian distribution The exponent
family: Maximum likelihood and sufficient statistics -Non-parametric method: kernel-
density estimators - Nearest neighbor methods.
Unit-II (8 hours)
Linear models for regression and classification: Linear basis function models for
regression -Bias variance decomposition-Bayesian linear regression - Discriminant
functions - Fisher’s linear discriminant analysis (LDA) - Principal Component Analysis
(PCA) - Probabilistic generative model - Probabilistic discriminative model.
Unit-III (8 hours)
Kernel methods: Dual representations-Constructing kernels-Radial basis function
networks-Gaussian process-Maximum margin classifier (Support Vector Machine) –
Relevance Vector Machines-Kernel-PCA, Kernel-LDA.
Unit-IV (8 hours)
Mixture models: K-means clustering - Mixtures of Gaussian - Expectation-Maximization
algorithm- Sequential models: Markov model, Hidden-Markov Model (HMM) - Linear
Dynamical Systems (LDS).
Unit-V (8 hours)
Neural networks: Feed- forward Network functions-Network training - Error Back
propagation - The Hessian Matrix - Regularization in Neural Network - Mixture density
networks – Bayesian Neural Networks
Unit-VI (6 hours)
Applications: Speech recognition, Character and handwriting recognition. Analysis of
biological sequences
191
Learning Resources
Text Books
1. C.M.Bishop, 'Pattern recognition and machine learning', Springer,2006
2. J.I.Tou & R.C. Gonzalez, 'Pattern Recognition Priciples', Addsion –Wesley
Publishing company
Reference books
1. Richard O. Duda, Peter E. Hart and David G. Stork, "Pattern Classification", John
Wiley & Sons, 2001.
2. EarlGose, Richard Johsonbaugh and Steve Jost, "Pattern Recognition and Image
Analysis", Prentice Hall, 1999.
Web resources
1. Prof.P.K.Biswas, NPTEL-IIT Kharagpur, ‘Pattern recognition’,
Course outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
CO 1 summarize the various techniques involved in pattern recognition

CO 2 identify the suitable pattern recognition techniques for applications
CO 3 apply performance evaluation methods for pattern recognition, and
critique comparison of techniques
CO 4 apply pattern recognition techniques to real-world problems such as
document analysis and recognition.
CO 5 implement simple pattern classifiers, classifier combinations, and
structural pattern recognizers.
CO 6 summarize the artificial neural network based pattern recognition
techniques
Assessment Method:
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
****************************************************************
192
ECXY22 Analog IC Design PEC 3L: 0T: 0P 3 credits

1. To learn basics of negative feedback amplifiers and its characteristics
2. To learn broad coverage in the field that is relevant linear circuits using op amps.
3. Understand the applications of op-amps
4. To learn the different noises present in transistors and resistors
5. To learn how to design single ended op-amps
Course Content
Negative feedback systems and stability
Negative feedback amplifier using an integrator, Frequency and time domain behavior,
Loop gain and its implications, Negative feedback amplifier realization, Finite DC gain,
Increasing DC gain, Effect of multiple poles, Negative feedback systems with multiple
poles and zeros in the forward path, Stability analysis using Nyquist criterion, Nyquist
criterion, Loop gain-Bode plot and time domain interpretation, Significance of 60 degree
phase margin
Opamp at the block level: Frequency compensation
Concept of the opamp for realizing negative feedback circuits, Realizing a multi stage
opamp-frequency compensation-miller opamp, Realizing a multi stage opamp, feed
forward compensated opamp, Opamp as a general block, unity gain compensation, non
idealities-swing limits, slew rate, offset, dc negative feedback around op-amps

Opamp amplifiers
Amplifiers using Miller compensated opamp, Effect of input capacitance, gain bandwidth
product, Transimpedance amplifier, lead-lag compensation, Inverting and non inverting
amplifiers-CMRR and its importance
Noise in resistors, MOS transistors and matching
Noise models, Noise calculations, Noise scaling, IC components and their models,
Mismatch, Layout considerations. Body effect in basic amplifier stages, Frequency
response of a common source amplifier
193
Single ended opamp design
Realizing a single stage opamp-diff pair, small signal ac analysis, Single stage opamp-
mismatch and noise, Single stage opamp-telescopic cascode, Replica biasing a cascode,
Single stage opamp-folded cascode, Two stage miller compensated opamp, Three stage
opamp, CMRR of an opamp and opamp circuits.
Fully differential opamp design
Fully differential opamps, Differential and common mode half circuits, common mode
feedback, Fully differential miller compensated opamp-common mode feedback loop and
its stability, Fully differential single stage opamp, Fully differential telescopic cascode
opamp, Fully differential feed forward compensated opamp.
Learning Resources:
Text book
1. Behzad Razavi, 'Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits', McGraw-Hill
Reference books
1. Jim Williams, Newnes “Analog Circuit Design: Art, Science and Personalities
(EDN Series for Design Engineers) (Paperback),, Reprint edition, 1991.
2. David Johns and Ken Martin “Analog Integrated Circuit Design, , John Wiley &
Sons, 1997.
Web Resource
1. Prof S Aniruddhan, NPTEL-IIT Madras, 'Analog IC Design',
2. Prof Behzad Razavi, 'Lecture series on Analog Electronics-2'
URL:https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLO4mxQzfcml_56XSGcA8ULO
v7qEtZd0Hy
Course outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to learn
CO 1 How to design negative feedback systems
CO 2 How to draw the frequency response of op amp.
CO 3 Design the applications of op amp.
CO 4 Identify different noises present in analog circuit design
CO 5 Design of single ended opamp
CO 6 Design of differential amplifier
194
Assessment Method
tests
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
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195
ECXY23 Digital IC Design PEC 3L: 0T: 0P 3 credits

The objective of the course is to provide students with a basic understanding of the
integrated circuit devices namely combinational and sequential circuits by using CMOS
Course Content
Unit - I (3 hours)
A Historical Perspective, Issues in Digital Integrated Circuit Design, Quality Metrics of a
Digital Design, Cost of an Integrated Circuit, Functionality and Robustness, Performance,
Power and Energy Consumption.
Unit - II (5 hours)
Introduction, Interconnect Parameters — Capacitance, Resistance, and Inductance,
Capacitance, Resistance, Inductance, Electrical Wire Models, The Ideal Wire, The
Lumped Model, The Lumped RC model, The Distributed RC Line, The Transmission
Line

Introduction, The Static CMOS Inverter — An Intuitive Perspective, Evaluating the
Robustness of the CMOS Inverter: The Static Behavior, Switching Threshold, Noise
Margins, Performance of CMOS Inverter: The Dynamic Behavior, Computing the
Capacitances, Propagation Delay: First-Order Analysis, Propagation Delay from a Design
Perspective, Power, Energy, and Energy-Delay, Dynamic Power Consumption, Static
Consumption
Unit - IV (8 hours)
Introduction, Static CMOS Design, Complementary CMOS, Rationed Logic, Pass-
Transistor Logic, Dynamic CMOS Design , Dynamic Logic: Basic Principles, Speed and
Power Dissipation of Dynamic Logic , Issues in Dynamic Design, Cascading Dynamic
Gates, Perspectives, Designing Logic for Reduced Supply Voltages
Unit - V (10 hours)

Introduction, Timing Metrics for Sequential Circuits, Classification of Memory Elements,
Static Latches and Registers, The Bistability Principle, Multiplexer-Based Latches,
Master-Slave Edge-Triggered Register, Low-Voltage Static Latches, Static SR Flip-
Flops—Writing Data by Pure Force, Dynamic Latches and Registers, Dynamic
Transmission-Gate Edge-triggered Registers, C2MOS—A Clock-Skew Insensitive
196
Approach, True Single-Phase Clocked Register (TSPCR), Alternative Register Styles,

Pulse Registers Sense-Amplifier Based, Registers , Pipelining: An approach to optimize
sequential circuits, Latch- vs. Register-Based Pipelines, NORA-CMOS—A Logic Style
for Pipelined Structures, Non-Bistable Sequential Circuits
Introduction, Memory Classification, Memory Architectures and Building Blocks, The
Memory Core, Read-Only Memories Nonvolatile Read-Write Memories, Read-Write
Memories (RAM), Contents-Addressable or Associative Memory (CAM), Memory
Peripheral Circuitry, The Address Decoders, Sense Amplifiers Voltage References,
Drivers/Buffers, Timing and Control, Memory Reliability and Yield, Signal-To-Noise
Ratio, Memory yield, Power Dissipation in Memories, Sources of Power Dissipation in
Memories, Partitioning of the memory, Addressing the Active Power Dissipation.
Learning Resources
Text Books
1. Jan M. Rabaey ,Anantha Chandrakasan and Borivoje Nikolic ‘Digital Integrated
Circuits’- A Design Perspective (Second Edition)
Web Resources
1. Prof Jan Rabaey, ‘Digital Integrated Circuits Jan Rabaey Lecture series’, URL:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLB3i9IKhwBX8EEkgSy0AjaRFCmY2g
BiQc
Course outcomes: At the end of this course student will able to

CO 1 Understand the practical aspects of Digital IC Design
CO 2 Understand the concepts of Static and Dynamic CMOS logic design
CO 3 Understand the timing issues of design
CO 4 Analyse the power dissipation issues in circuits
CO 5 Optimize the design considering the concepts of pipelining
CO 6 Understand the concept of memory cell design at transistor level abstraction
Assessment Method
Tool
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
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197
ECXY23 Digital VLSI System Design PEC 3L: 0T: 0P 3 credits

1. To learn how to formulate ASM charts for sequential and combinational circuits.
2. To learn how to design the memories
3. To learn pipelining and parallelism concepts of different architectures
4. To learn how to design the DCTQ processor.
5. To learn implementations using FPGA device
Course Content:
Unit - I (8 hours)
Algorithmic State Machines: Components of ASM Chart, ASM for Binary Multiplier,
ASM for weighing machine, ASM for Bus Arbiter, Arithmetic Mean, Sort operation
Unit - II (6 hours)
Design of Memories
On-Chip dual address ROM Design and Verilog implementation, Single Address ROM
Design and Verilog implementation, On-Chip Dual RAM Design

Design of Arithmetic Circuits
Principle of pipelining, partitioning of a design, serial signed adder design, parallel signed
adder design , parallel and pipelined multiplier design and Verilog implementations
Unit - IV (8 hours)
Design of a Discrete Cosine Transform and Quantization Processor
DCTQ processor block diagram, Signal description of DCTQ processor , Architecture of
DCTQ processor, Verilog code for DCTQ Datapath and Control path, verification of
DCTQ processor
Unit - V (10 hours)

RT Level Design
Sequential Multiplier – shift and add multiplication process , sequential multiplier design ,
multiplier testing, Von Neumann Computer Model-processor model specification,
designing the adding CPU, design of data path and control path, testing adding CPU, CPU
Design and Test- details of processor functionality.
198
Hardware Implementations using FPGA and I/O Boards
FPGA board features, features of Digital Input/output board, Traffic light controller design
and implementation on FPGA, Real Time clock design and implementation on FPGA,
Projects for implementation on FPGA.
Learning resources
Text book:
1. S.Ramachandran, ‘Digital VLSI Systems Design’, Springer Publications.
2. Zainalabedin Navabi, ‘Verilog Digital System Design’.
Web Resources:
1. Prof S Srinivasan, IIT Madras, ‘VLSI Circuits’.
Course outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to learn
CO 1 Formulation of ASM charts for digital systems
CO 2 Demonstrate the computer memories and implementing on FPGA board
CO 3 Understanding the RTL guidelines in digital system design
CO 4 Design of DCTQ processor using FPGA
CO 5 FPGA implementation of memory systems
CO 6 Practical aspects involved in FPGA design of digital systems
Assessment Method
Tool
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
*******************************************************************
199
ECXY25 Electronics Systems Packaging PEC 3L: 1T: 0P 4 credits

1. Students shall learn about the packaging evaluations
2. Students shall learn about the current trends in packaging
3. Students shall learn about the electrical issues and routing techniques
4. Students shall learn about CAD tools and PCB fabrication techniques
5. Students shall learn about the design issues
6. Students shall learn about the thermal design considerations in the packaging
Course Content
Unit- I (6 hours)
Introduction, history of semiconductors, Packaging aspects of handheld products, Case
studies in applications, Wafer fabrication, inspection and testing, Wafer packaging,
Packaging evolution; Chip connection choices, Wire bonding, TAB and flip-chip.
Unit- II (7 hours)
Introduction, Single chip packages or modules (SCM), Commonly used packages and
advanced packages; Materials in packages, Advances packages (continued); Thermal
mismatch in packages; Current trends in packaging, Multichip modules (MCM)-types;
System in package (SIP);Packaging roadmaps; Hybrid circuits.
Unit- III (8 hours)

Electrical Issues- Resistive Parasitic, Capacitive and Inductive Parasitic, Layout guidelines
and the Reflection problem, Interconnection. Introduction to DFM, DFR & DFT,
Components of a CAD package and its highlights, Design Flow considerations, Beginning
a circuit design with schematic work and component layout, examples of layout and
routing; Technology file generation from CAD; DFM check list and design rules; Design
for Reliability
Unit- IV (8 hours)
Review of CAD output files for PCB fabrication; Photo plotting and mask generation,
Process flow-chart, PWB substrates, Substrates continued, Video highlights; Surface
preparation, Photo resist and application methods, UV exposure and developing, printing
technologies for PWBs PWB etching; Resist stripping, Screen-printing technology,
Through-hole manufacture process steps; Panel and pattern plating methods, Video
highlights on manufacturing, Solder mask for PWBs; Multilayer PWBs; Introduction to
200
microvias, Microvia technology and Sequential build-up technology process flow for
high-density interconnects, Conventional Vs HDI technologies; Flexible circuits; Tutorial
session.
Unit- V (8 hours)
SMD benefits, Design issues; Introduction to soldering, Reflow and Wave Soldering
methods to attach SMDs, Solders; Wetting of solders; Flux and its properties, Defects in
wave soldering, Vapour phase soldering, BGA soldering and Desoldering/ Repair, SMT
failures, SMT failure library and Tin Whisker, Tin-lead and lead-free solders, Phase
diagrams; Thermal profiles for reflow soldering; Lead-free alloys, Lead-free solder
considerations; Green electronics; RoHS compliance and e-waste recycling issues.
Unit- VI (8 hours)
Thermal Design considerations in systems packaging, Introduction to embedded passives;
Need for embedded passives; Design Library; Embedded resistor processes, Embedded
capacitors, Processes for embedding capacitors; Case study examples; Summary of
materials in packaging.
Learning resources
Textbooks
1. Rao R. Tummala, ‘Fundamentals of Microsystems Packaging’, McGraw Hill, NY,
2001.
Reference books
1. William D.Brown, 'Advanced Electronic Packaging', IEEE Press, 1999.
2. William Trimmer, 'Micromechanics and MEMS: Classic and Seminal Papers to
1990’ by, IEEE Press, IEEE Number PC4390, ISBN 0-7803-1085-3, NewYork.
Web resources
1. Prof G V Mahesh, NPTEL-IISc Bangalore, 'An Introduction to Electronics
Systems Packaging', URL: http://nptel.ac.in/syllabus/108108031/
CO 1 Understand the evaluation of the packaging techniques
CO 2 Understand the underlying concepts in the current trends in the packaging
CO 3 Understand the underlying concepts in the electrical issues in the packaging
CO 4 Understand the underlying concepts in the PCB fabrication
CO 5 Understand the underlying concepts in the Design issues
CO 6 Understand the underlying concepts in the thermal issues in the packaging
201
Assessment Method:

(In semester)
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
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202
ECXY26 Embedded Systems PEC 3L: 0T: 0P 3 credits

1. Students shall learn about evaluation of embedded systems
2. Students shall learn about PIC Unit
3. Students shall learn about ARM processors
4. Students shall learn about DSP processors
5. Students shall learn about software limitations in embedded systems
6. Students shall learn about networking of embedded systems
Course Content:
Overview of Embedded Systems, Embedded System Architecture, Processor examples:
ARM,PIC etc, Introduction to Embedded Hardware, Overview of micro controller and
micro-processor, Vonnueuman Architecture, Hardvard Architecture, Advanced Hardvard
Architecture, Introduction to PIC microcontroller.
Unit-II (10 hours)

Instruction format, Addressing modes, Instructions, Data transfer instructions, Arithmetic
and Logical instructions, Bit oriented instructions, Control instructions, Assembly
language programming, Interrupts in PIC, Interrupts timing, PIC input output pins, PIC
timers, Watchdog timer, PWM mode in PIC, PIC peripherals, PIC examples.
Unit-III (10 hours)

History, ARM Architecture and its versions, Basic ARM organization, Registers and its
organization, Processor modes, Memory Organization, ARM Instruction set, ARM Data
types, ARM interrupt processing, Stack organization, ARM input output system, Pipeline
operation in ARM, Simple ARM based systems.
Unit-IV (8 hours)
Features of digital signal processors, DSP applications and DSP algorithms, DSP memory,
Instruction sets and parallel instructions, System on chip, Memory, Memory organization,
Virtual memory, Memory management Unit, BUS structure, Serial interfaces, Power
aware architecture.
203
Unit-V (6 hours)
Requirement and features of software for embedded systems, Usage of C and java and its
limitations, Fundamentals of embedded operating systems, Scheduling policies, Resource
management, Embedded OS.
Unit-VI (5 hours)
Network embedded systems, Distributed embedded systems and its Architecture, Multi-
processor networks, Ethernet and its features, Hardware modules, Protocols.
Learning Resources:
Textbooks
1. Wayne Wolf, ‘Computers as components: Principles of Embedded Computing System
Design’, Morgan Kaufman publication, 2000.
Reference books:
1. Andrew, N. Sloss, Dominic Symesm Chirs Wright, ‘ARM System Development’s
Guide Designing and Optimizing System Software’, Morgan kaufman publication,
2004.
2. John B. Peatman, ‘Design with PIC microcontroller’, Pearson Education Asia, 2002.
3. Tim Wilmshurst,‘The Design of Small –Scale embedded systems’, Palgrave 2003
4. Marwedel, ‘Embedded System Design’, Peter, Kluwer Publisher, 2004
Web resources:
1. Dr. Santanu Chaudhury, NPTEL-IIT Delhi, 'Embedded Systems', URL:

https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108102045/
CO 1 Understand evaluation of embedded systems

CO 2 Analyse the PIC Unit
CO 3 Analyse the ARM processors
CO 4 Analyse the DSP processors
CO 5 Understand the software limitations in embedded systems
CO 6 Understand the networking of embedded systems
204
Assessment Method
(In semester)
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
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205
Embedded System Software

Testing

1. Students shall learn about Embedded Systems software testing
2. Students shall learn about software testing methods
3. Students shall learn about software testing matrices
4. Students shall learn about Embedded Systems integration
5. Students shall learn about SCM activities
6. Students shall learn about Embedded Systems software testing tools
Course Content
Unit-I (8 hours)
Introduction of embedded systems and software testing, Marketing drivers, Role of
testing, Key process elements for embedded software testing, Typical life cycle phase,
Embedded C environment, Embedded testing setup, Prerequisites for embedded system
testing, Test case design and procedures, Test standards, Depicting levels of testing,
Software life cycle, Embedded V model life cycle, Nested V model life cycle, Master test
planning.
Unit-II (8 hours)
Dynamic testing, Dynamic testing types, Black box testing, White box testing, Coverage
aspects, Equivalance partitioning, State transition testing, State transition fault categories,
Model based testing, Grey box testing, Testing tools-life cycle, Test automation and
techniques, Risk based testing.
Unit-III (8 hours)
Static testing, Static vs dynamic testing, Static analysis, Static analysis tools, Coding
standards, Sample rule, Stack overflow, Program inspection walkthrough and reviews,
Test metrics, Test metrics life cycle and types, Software testing metrics.
Unit-IV (8 hours)
Software integration goals and objectives, Top down integration and testing, Integration
considerations, Integration strategy comparison, Bottom up testing, Layer integration,
Client server integration, Collaboration integration, Integration testing environment,
Generating test cases, Regression testing, Case diagram, Test case maintenance.
206
Unit-V (7 hours)
Depicting levels of testing, Configure management elements, SCM activities, SCM
phases, Different types of test processes related to software remodel, Introduction to EST
and fundamentals of testing.
Unit-VI (6 hours)
LDRA unit testing tool introduction, Static analysis tool by using C or C++, Target based
testing, Level testing, Identification of test cases, Test line work flow.
Learning Resources
Textbooks
1. Bart Broekman and Edwin Note boom, 'Testing Embedded Software', Addison-
Wesley.
Web Resources
1. Seer Akademi, NPTEL -MoU, IIT Madras, 'Embedded software Testing', URL:
CO 1 Understand the embedded system software testing
CO 2 Understand the software testing methods
CO 3 Understand the software testing matrices
CO 4 Understand the embedded systems integration
CO 5 Understand the SCM activities
CO 6 Understand the embedded system software testing tools
Assessment Method

(In semester)
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
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207
ECXY28 FPGA based System design PCC 3L: 0T: 0P 3 credits
Course Objectives
1. Getting to know how to make an idea of digital system using FPGA.

2. Exploring FPGA for different practical applications.
Course content
Unit-I (6 hours)
Introduction to FPGAs, difference b/w synthesizable and non-synthesizable constructs,
learning different elegant Verilog styles and etc. and design of Digital clock on FPGA.
Unit-II (6 hours)
Image processing on FPGA: acquisition of image on to FPGA board, performing different
simple image processing operations on FPGA.
Unit-III (12 hours)

Game Design: Various interconnections with FPGA i.e. Keyboard, UART
communication, VGA and etc. How to create an animated picture on Display through
FPGA and introduction to various P-mods.
Unit-IV (6 hours)
CORDIC implementation: Learning how to implement CORDIC algorithm on FPGA and
Discrete Fourier Transform, Fast Fourier Transform.
Unit-V (7 hours)
Machine learning Algorithms on FPGA: synthesizing machine learning algorithms using
IEEE 754 floating point representation.
Unit-VI (8 hours)
Robotics Application: Replacing Arduino and RasPI with FPGA board for effective
processing.
208
Learning resources
Textbooks/Reference books
1. FPGA Prototyping by Verilog examples: Xilinx Spartan 3 Version by Pong chu.
Course Outcomes:
CO1 Student will able to design digital systems independently on FPGA.
CO2 Student would be able to implement image processing, signal processing
architectures on FPGA board.
CO3 Students would be able to implement game design algorithms along with audio,
graphics integration.
CO4 Students would be able to implement machine learning algorithms and use them
for robotics applications.
Assessment Method:

Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
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209
ECXY29 Low Power Circuits and Systems PEC 3L: 0T: 0P 3 credits
Course Content:
Unit-I (6 hours)
Basics of MOS circuits
MOS Transistor structure and device modeling , MOS Inverters, MOS Combinational
Circuits
Unit-II (6 hours)
Sources of Power dissipation
Dynamic Power Dissipation, Short Circuit Power, Switching Power, Glitching Power,
Static Power Dissipation, Degrees of Freedom
Unit-III (8 hours)
Supply Voltage Scaling Approaches
Device feature size scaling, Multi-Vdd Circuits, Architectural level approaches:
Parallelism, Pipelining, Voltage scaling using high-level transformations, Dynamic
voltage scaling, Power Management
Unit-IV (10 hours)

Switched Capacitance Minimization Approaches
Hardware Software Tradeoff, Bus Encoding, Two’s complement Vs Sign Magnitude,
Architectural optimization, Clock Gating, Logic styles
Unit-V (8 hours)
Leakage Power minimization Approaches
Variable-threshold-voltage CMOS (VTCMOS) approach, Multi-threshold-voltage CMOS
(MTCMOS) approach, Power gating, Transistor stacking, Dual-Vt assignment approach
(DTCMOS)
Unit-VI (7 hours)
Special Topics
Adiabatic Switching Circuits, Battery-aware Synthesis, Variation tolerant design, CAD
tools for low power synthesis
Learning resources
Textbooks
1. Ajit Pal, ‘Low-Power VLSI Circuits and Systems’, Springer publications.
2. Anantha P. Chandrakasan and Robert W. Brodersen, Low Power Digital CMOS
Design, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995.
210
Reference books
1. Kaushik Roy and Sharat C. Prasad, Low-Power CMOS VLSI Design, Wiley-
Interscience, 2000.
Web resources
1. Prof Ajit Pal, NPTEL-IIT Kharagpur, ‘Low Power VLSI Circuits & Systems’.
Assessment Method:

Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
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211
ECXY30 MEMS and Microsystems PEC 3L: 0T: 0P 3 credits

1. Students shall learn about the Importance of Micro Electronics & Micro sensors and
Materials used.
2. Student shall learn about the clean room technology.
3. Students shall learn about different fabrication steps
4. Students shall learn about the different micro deposition techniques
5. Students shall learn about the fabrication of discrete electronic components
6. Students shall learn about different applications of micro sensors.
Course Content
Unit-I (6 hours)
Introduction to Nano Technology & Nano Materials. Evaluation of Micro Electronics and
Micro Sensors, Materials for Micro Electronics & Micro sensors, Electrical, Physical,
Chemical, Optical and Thermal Properties of a materials used for Micro Electronics &
Micro Sensors.
Unit-II (6 hours)
Silicon wafer manufacturing process, Wafer orientations, Electrical, physical, chemical,
thermal and optical properties for different orientations. Clean room classifications, Clean
room protocols.
Unit-III (8 hours)
Fabrication process flow: cleaning, oxidation, ion implantation, diffusion of atoms,
patterning, different photo-resists, Mask Alignment, Lithography-types, etching-types.
Unit IV (7 hours)
Different deposition techniques: Spin coater, Sputtering unit, Thermal Evaporation,
Atomic vapour deposition, LPCVD, CVD, Metallization, Wafer bonding.
Unit V (10 hours)

Fabrication of MOS capacitor, BJT, FET, PMOS, NMOS and CMOS.
Unit VI (8 hours)
Micro Machining techniques, Different Micro sensors, Different applications of Micro
Electronics & Micro Sensors.
212
Learning Resources
Textbooks
1. Stephen D. Senturia, ‘Microsystem Design’Kluwer’,Academic Publishers, 2001.
Reference books
1. Marc Madou, ‘Fundamentals of Micro fabrication’, CRC Press, 1997, ISBN 0-8493-
94511.
2. Richard S. Muller, Roger T. Howe, Stephen D. Senturia, Rosemary L. Smith, and
Richard M. White, ‘Micro sensors’, IEEE Press, IEEE Number PC 0257-6, ISBN 0-
87942-254-9, New York, 1991.
3. M.H. Bao, ‘Micromechanical Transducers: Pressure sensors, accelerometers, and
gyroscopes’, Elsevier, New York, 2000.
4. Gregory Kovacs, ‘Micro-machined Transducers Sourcebook’, WCB McGraw-Hill,
Boston, 1998, ISBN 0-07-290722-3.
5. William Trimmer, ‘Micromechanics and MEMS: Classic and Seminal Papers to
1990’ by, IEEE Press, IEEE Number PC4390, ISBN 0-7803-1085-3, New York.
Web resources
1. Prof Santiram Kal, NPTEL-IIT Kharagpur, 'MEMS and Microsystems'
2. Prof Shantanu Bhattacharya, NPTEL-IIT Kanpur, ' BioMEMS and Microfluids',
CO 1 Understand about the importance of Micro Electronics
CO 2 Analyse the underlying fundamentals in Clean Room Protocols
CO 3 Understand the underlying fundamentals in Micro-fabrication procedures
CO 4 Understand the underlying fundamentals in Micro-fabrication procedures
CO 5 Apply the fabrication procedures for developing the discrete electronic components
CO 6 Analyse the different applications of Micro Electronics & Micro Sensors
Assessment Method

(In semester)
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
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213
ECXY31 RF IC Design PEC 3L: 0T: 0P 3 credits
Course Learning objective
This course will develop electronic circuits for radio frequency applications, specific to
CMOS integrated circuits. Course will be specific to CMOS integrated circuits, and
specific to radio frequencies.
In particular, the course will focus on circuits for radio front-ends for mobile phone
handsets. The course will cover low noise amplifiers, mixers, power amplifiers, frequency
synthesizers (and phase locked loops). The course will also cover several modern radio
architectures.
Course content
UNIT – I: (6 hours)
RF systems – basic architectures, Transmission media and reflections, Maximum power
transferPassive RLC Networks , Parallel RLC tank, Q , Series RLC networks, Matching,
Pi match, T match , Passive IC Components , Interconnects and skin effect , Resistors,
capacitors , InductorsReview of MOS Device Physics , MOS device review
UNIT – II (7 hours)
Distributed Systems , Transmission lines, reflection coefficient , The wave equation,
examplesLossy transmission lines ,Smith charts – plotting gamma
UNIT – III (8 hours)

High Frequency Amplifier Design, Bandwidth estimation using open-circuit time
constantsBandwidth estimation using short-circuit time constants, Risetime, delay and
bandwidth ,Zeros to enhance bandwidthShunt-series amplifiers, tuned amplifiers
Cascaded amplifiers
UNIT – IV (8 hours)
Noise ,Thermal noise, flicker noise review ,Noise figure ,LNA Design ,Intrinsic MOS
noise parameters , Power match versus noise match , Large signal performance, design
examples & Multiplier based mixers ,Subsampling mixers , RF Power Amplifiers, Class
A, AB, B, C amplifiers , Class D, E, F amplifiers RF Power amplifier design examples
214
UNIT – V (8 hours)
Voltage controlled oscillators, Resonators, Negative resistance oscillators, Phase locked
loops, Linearized PLL models , Phase detectors, charge pumps , Loop filters, PLL design
examples
UNIT – VI (8 hours)
Frequency synthesis and oscillators, Frequency division, integer-N synthesis, Fractional
frequency synthesis ,Phase noise ,Radio architectures ,GSM radio architectures ,CDMA,
UMTS radio architectures.
Learning resources
Text Books
1. The Design of CMOS Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuits by Thomas H. Lee.
Cambridge University Press, 2004.
2. RF Microelectronics by Behzad Razavi. Prentice Hall, 1997.
Reference Books
1. Joseph F. White , “High Frequency Techniques : An introduction to RF and
Microwave Engineering “ ,IEEE press ,John Wiley & sons ,2004.
2. Christopher Bowick ,“RF Circuit Design”, Newnes, ,2 nd Edition, 2007.ISBN
number:0750685182.
Web resources
1. Shouribrata Chatterjee, NPTEL-IIT Delhi, ‘RF Integrated Circuits’.
Assessment Method
(In semester)
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
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215
ECXY32 System Verilog PEC 3L: 0T: 0P 3 credits
1. Learn the important concepts in SOC/ASIC/VLSI design verification flow

2. Be ready and qualified for a Verification job in semiconductor industry
3. Be able to code, simulate and verify SystemVerilog Testbenches
4. Learn the System Verilog language for Functional Verification usage
Content
Unit-I (8 hours)
Data types: Built-in data types, Fixed-Size and Dynamic arrays, Queues, Associated
arrays, Linked list, Enumerated Data types, Constants, Strings, Net types
.
Unit-II (8 hours)
Procedural statements and routines: Tasks, Functions and Void functions, Routine
arguments, Local data storage and Time values.
Unit-III (7 hours)
Test Bench and Design, Interface construct, Stimulus timing, Top-Level scope, Module
interactions, System verilog assertions, the FOUR PORT ATM Router, directed test for
the LC3 fetch block.
Unit-IV (8 hours)
OOP: class, objects, Static and Global Variables, Class routines, Public vs Local and
Building test bench, inheritance, factory patterns, type casting and virtual methods,
copying an object, call backs.
Unit-V (7 hours)
Threads and inter process communication: working with threads, disabling threads, inter
process communication, events, semaphores, mail boxes, building a test bench with
threads and ITC.
Unit-VI (7 hours)
Virtual interfaces with ATM router, connecting to multiple design configurations,
procedural code in an interface.
216
Introduction to Verification, Verification Plan, Directed testing, Functional coverage,

Layered Test bench, Maximum code reuse.
Learning resources
Text book/Reference books
1. Chris Spear, ‘System Verilog for Verification’, Springer Publications 3rd edition.
Web resources
1. Ramdas Mozhikunnath M, ‘SoC verification using Systemverilog.
URL: https://www.udemy.com/soc-verification-systemverilog/
Assessment Method:

Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
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217
ECXY33 VLSI DSP PEC 3L: 0T: 0P 3 credits

1. To make an in-depth study VLSI implementation of DSP architecture.
2. To enable students to design VLSI system with high speed and low power.
3. To make the students to implement DSP algorithm in an optimized method.
Course content:
Unit I (6 hours)
Typical DSP Algorithms, DSP Application Demands and scaled CMOS Technologies,
Representations of DSP algorithms, Dataflow graph representations, loop bound and
iteration bound, iteration bound of Multirate data-flow graphs
Unit II (8 hours)
Pipelining of FIR Digital Filters, Parallel processing, pipelining and parallel processing for
low power, retiming techniques, Unfolding: algorithm, properties, critical path,
applications , Folding: transformation, register minimization in folding architectures,
folding of multirate systems
Unit III (7 hours)

Systolic array design methodology, FIR systolic arrays, selection of scheduling vector,
matrix multiplication and 2D systolic array design, cook-toom algorithm, winograd
algorithm, iterated convolution, cyclic convolution, design of fast algorithm by inspection
Unit IV (8 hours)
Parallel FIR filters, Discrete Cosine Transform and Inverse DCT, Parallel architectures for
rank-order filters, pipeline interleaving in digital filters, pipelining in 1 st order IIR Digital
filters, pipelining in higher-order IIR digital filters, parallel processing for IIR filters, low-
power IIR filters
Unit V (8 hours)
Parallel multipliers, interleaved floor-plan and bit-plane-based digital filters, bit-serial
multipliers, bit-serial filter design and implementation, canonic signed digit arithmetic,
distributed arithmetic, redundant number representations, carry-free radix-2 addition and
subtraction, hybrid radix-4 addition, data format conversion, redundant to non-redundant
converter
218
Unit VI (8 hours)
Synchronous pipelining and clocking styles, clock skew and clock distribution in bit-level
pipelined VLSI Designs, wave pipelining, constraint space diagram and degree of wave
pipelining, implementation of wave-pipelined systems.
Learning Resources
Textbooks:
1. K. K. Parhi, ‘VLSI DSP Systems’, Wiley, 2003
2. U. Meyer-Baese, ‘DSP with FPGA’, Springer, 2004.
CO 1 Understand the overview of DSP concepts.

CO 2 Implementing DSP architectures using VLSI algorithms
CO 3 Improve the speed of digital system through transformation technique.
CO 4 Improve the speed of digital system through transformation technique.
CO 5 Perform pipelining and parallel processing in FIR systems to achieve high
speed and low power.
Assessment Method:

Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
********************************************************************
219
ECXY34 VLSI Physical Design PEC 3L: 0T: 0P 3 credits
COURSE OBJECTIVE:
1. Understand the concepts of Physical Design Process such as partitioning,

Floorplanning, Placement and Routing.
2. Discuss the concepts of design optimization algorithms and their application to
physical design automation.
3. Understand the concepts of simulation and synthesis in VLSI Design Automation
4. Formulate CAD design problems using algorithmic methods
Course Content
Unit-I (8 hours)
Introduction, Design representations, various design styles, VLSI physical design
automation, Partitioning, Floor planning and various floor planning algorithms, pin
Assignment and Placement.
Unit-II (7 hours)
Grid routing, Global routing, detailed routing and clock design.
Unit-III (7 hours)
Clock network synthesis, Power and ground routing, Time closure concept and time
driven placement.
Unit-IV (8 hours)
Time driven placement, Physical synthesis, Performance-Driven Design flow, various
miscellaneous approaches to timing optimization. Interconnect modelling, Design rule
check and Layout compaction.
Unit-V: (7 hours)
Testing of VLSI circuits, Fault modelling, Fault simulation, Test pattern generation,
Design for testability, Boundary Scan standard, BIST.
Unit-VI: (8 hours)
Low power VLSI design, Techniques to reduce power, Gate level design for Low Power,
other low power techniques, Algorithmic level Techniques for Low Power Design.
*As this is a Industry relavant course, the syllabus may vary as per the needs.
220
Learning resources
Text books
1. S.H. Gerez, “Algorithms for VLSI Design Automation”, John Wiley ,1998.
2. N.A.Sherwani , “Algorithms for VLSI Physical Design Automation”, (3/e),
Kluwer,1999.
Reference books
1. S.M. Sait , H. Youssef, “VLSI Physical Design Automation”, World scientific,
1999.
2. M.Sarrafzadeh, “Introduction to VLSI Physical Design”, McGraw Hill (IE),
1996.
Web resources
1. Prof Indranil Sengupta, NPTEL-IIT Kharagpur, ‘VLSI Physical design’.
URL: https://nptel.ac.in/courses/106105161
Course outcomes:
CO Students are able to know how to place the blocks and how to partition the blocks
1 while for designing the layout for IC.
CO
Students are able to solve the performance issues in circuit layout.
2
Students are able to analyze physical design problems and Employ
CO
appropriate automation algorithms for partitioning, floor planning, placement and
3
routing
CO Students are able to decompose large mapping problem into pieces, including logic
4 optimization with partitioning, placement and routing
CO
Students are able to analyze circuits using both analytical and CAD tools
5
Assessment Method:

Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
******************************************************************
221
ECXY35 VLSI Testing and Verification PEC 3L: 0T: 0P 3 credits
Course Objectives
To get familiarized with the concepts of integrated circuits verification and testing
methodologies .
Content
Unit-I (6 hours)
Introduction, Overview of VLSI Design Flow, High Level Synthesis (HLS) Overview,
Scheduling in High Level Synthesis (HLS), Resource Sharing and Binding in HLS
Unit-II (7 hours)
Logic Synthesis, Physical Design, Introduction to formal methods for design verification,
Temporal Logic: Introduction and Basic Operations on Temporal Logic
UNIT III: (7 hours)

Syntax and Semantics of CTL, Equivalences between CTL Formulas, Introduction to
Model Checking, Model Checking Algorithms, Model Checking with Fairness
UNIT IV: (7 hours)

Binary Decision Diagram: Introduction and Construction, Ordered Binary Decision
Diagram (OBDD), Operation on OBDD, OBDD for state Transition system
UNIT V: (8 hours)
Symbolic model checking, Introduction to Digital VLSI Testing, Functional and Structural
Testing, Fault Equivalence, Fault Simulation
UNIT VI : (10 hours)

Testability Measures (SCOAP) , Introduction to Automatic Test Pattern
generation(ATPG) and ATPG Algebras, D-Algorithm, ATPG for synchronous sequential
circuits, Scan Chain based Sequential circuit testing, Built in Self Test (BIST)
Learning resources
Textbooks
222
1. Miron Abramovici, Melvin A. Breuer and Arthur D. Friedman, “Digital Systems

Testing and Testable Design,” Revised, IEEE Press (1990)
2. Samiha Mourad and Yervant Zorian, “Principles of Testing Electronic Systems”,
Wiley (2000)
3. Michael L. Bushnell and Vishwani D. Agrawal, “Essentials of Electronic Testing,
for Digital, Memory and Mixed-Signal VLSI Circuits”, Kluwer Academic
Publishers (2000)
Web resources
1. Prof Arnab Sarkar, ‘NPTEL-IIT Guwahati’, ‘VLSI Design verification and test’.
Course Outcomes: The student will be able to

CO1 Analyse the use of various algorithms for verification of VLSI systems.
CO2 Understand High level synthesis and resource sharing.
CO3 Understand the concepts of VLSI testing such as DFT, ATPG etc.
CO4 Understanding the difference between testing and verification
Assessment Method:

Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
************************************************************************
223
OPEN ELECTIVE COURSES
224
ECXY50 Artificial Intelligence OEC 3L: 0T: 0P 3 credits
1. Artificial Intelligence is a major step forward in how computer system adapts,

evolves and learns. It has widespread application in almost every industry and is
considered to be a big technological shift, similar in scale to past events such as the
industrial revolution, the computer age, and the smart phone revolution.
2. This course will give an opportunity to gain expertise in one of the most
fascinating and fastest growing areas of Computer Science through classroom
program that covers fascinating and compelling topics related to human
intelligence and its applications in industry, defence, healthcare, agriculture and
many other areas.
3. This course will give the students a rigorous, advanced and professional graduate-
level foundation in Artificial Intelligence.
Course content
Unit-I (3 hours)
Introduction
Concept of AI, history, current status, scope, agents, environments, Problem Formulations,
Review of tree and graph structures, State space representation, Search graph and Search
tree.
Unit-II (8 hours)
Search Algorithms
Random search, Search with closed and open list, Depth first and Breadth first search,
Heuristic search, Best first search, A* algorithm, Game Search.
Unit-III (8 hours)
Probabilistic Reasoning
Probability, conditional probability, Bayes Rule, Bayesian Networks- representation,
construction and inference, temporal model, hidden Markov model.
225
Unit-IV (8 hours)
Markov Decision process
MDP formulation, utility theory, utility functions, value iteration, policy iteration and
partially observable MDPs.
Unit-V (8 hours)
Reinforcement Learning
Passive reinforcement learning, direct utility estimation, adaptive dynamic programming,
temporal difference learning, active reinforcement learning- Q learning.
Unit-VI (5 hours)
Programming (Python)
1. Write a programme to conduct uninformed and informed search.
2. Write a programme to conduct game search.
3. Write a programme to construct a Bayesian network from given data.
4. Write a programme to infer from the Bayesian network.
5. Write a programme to run value and policy iteration in a grid world.
6. Write a programme to do reinforcement learning in a grid world.
7. Mini Project work.
Learning resources
Textbooks/Reference books
8. Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig, “Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach” , 3rd
Edition, Prentice Hall
9. Elaine Rich and Kevin Knight, “Artificial Intelligence”, Tata McGraw Hill
10. Trivedi, M.C., “A Classical Approach to Artifical Intelligence”, Khanna Publishing
House, Delhi. 4. Saroj Kaushik, “Artificial Intelligence”, Cengage Learning India,
2011
11. David Poole and Alan Mackworth, “Artificial Intelligence: Foundations for
Computational Agents”, Cambridge University Press 2010.
Webresources
1. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/106105077
2. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/106106126
3. https://aima.cs.berkeley.edu https://ai.berkeley,edu/project_overview.html (for
Programming)
Course learning outcomes: After undergoing this course, the students will be able to:
226
CO1 Build intelligent agents for search and games

CO2 Solve AI problems through programming with Python
CO3 Learning optimization and inference algorithms for model learning
CO4 Design and develop programs for an agent to learn and act in a structured
environment
Assessment Method:

Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
*Note: In view of practicals programming concepts involved in the course, Monthly

Test-3 examination may also be assessed based on Mini-project work submitted by the
student.
*******************************************************************
227
ECXX51 Computational Science and OEC 3L: 0T: 0P 3 credits

Engineering using Python
1. To introduce Python programming language as a tool for computation.

2. To solve numerical algorithms covering interpolation, integration, differentiation,
ODE and PDE solvers and basic linear algebra using Python.
Course content
Unit-I (6 hours)
About computers, Python- Variables, assignments, Numpy arrays, Control structures.
Unit-II (8 hours)
Python packages, programming , plotting, Errors, Non dimensionalization, Data I/O and
Mayavi.
Unit-III (8 hours)
Lagrange interpolation , interpolation in 2D, Splines.
Unit-IV (8 hours)
Numerical integration: Newton- Cotes, Gaussian quadratures.
Unit-V (8 hours)
Numerical differentiation, ODE solvers
Unit-VI (7 hours)
Fourier transform, PDE solver: Diffusion equation in Spectral method, using finite
difference. PDE solver: Wave equation using finite difference, Liner algebra Ax=B solver.
Learning resources
Textbooks
1. Mark Newmann, ‘ Computational Physics with Python’, 2 nd Edition
2. J.M. Stewart, ‘Python for Scientists’, Cambridge Univ. Press (2014)
228
Reference books
1. M.Lutz, ‘Learning Python’, O’Reilly, 5th Edition(2013)
2. J.H Ferziger, ‘Numerical Methods for Engineering Applications’, John Wiley &
Sons(1998)
Web resources
1. Prof Mahendra K Verma, NPTEL-IIT Kanpur, ‘Computational Science and

Engineering using Python’.
Course outcomes: After the completion of the course, the student will be able to
CO 1 Use python as a computational tool.

CO 2 Understand Python packages
CO 3 Use python programming for solving ODE, PDE
CO 4 Use python programming for solving integration
CO 5 Use python programming for fourier transforms
CO 6 Use python programming for linear algebra
Assessment Method

Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
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229
ECXY52 Linux programming and OEC 3L: 0T: 0P 3 credits

scripting
Course Objectives
1. The goal of the course is the study of scripting languages such as PERL, TCL/TK ,
Python and BASH
2. Creation of programs in the Linux environment
3. The study of the principles of scripting languages
Content
Unit-I (6 hours)
Introduction to Linux, File System of the Linux, General usage of Linux kernel & basic
commands, Linux users and group, Permissions for file, directory and users, Searching a
file & directory, zipping and unzipping concepts.
Unit-II (8 hours)
Introduction to Networking in Linux, Network basics & tools, File transfer protocol in
Linux, Network file system, Domain Naming Services, Dynamic hosting configuration
Protocol & Network information Services.
Unit-III (8 hours)
Introduction to Perl Scripting, working with Simple Values, Lists and Hashes, Loops and
Decisions, Regular Expressions, Files and Data in Perl Scripting, References
&Subroutines, Running and Debugging Perl, Modules, Object-Oriented Perl.
Unit-IV (8 hours)
Tcl Fundamentals, String and Pattern Matching, Tcl Data Structures, Control Flow
Commands, Procedures and Scope, Evel, Working With UNIX, Reflection and
Debugging, Script Libraries, Tk Fundamentals, Tk by Examples, The Pack Geometry
Manager, Binding Commands to X Events, Buttons and Menus, Simple Tk Widgets, Entry
and Listbox Widgets Focus, Grabs and Dialogs
230
Unit-V (8 hours)
Python scripting: Introduction to Python, Using the Python Interpreter, More Control Flow
Tools, Data Structures, Modules, Input and Output,Errors and Exceptions, Classes, Brief
Tour of the Standard Library.
Unit-VI (8 hours)
Projects using Perl, Tcl and Python in Linux environment.
Learning resources
Textbooks
1. Python Tutorial by Guido van Rossum, and Fred L. Drake, Jr., editor,
Release 2.6.4
2. Practical Programming in Tcl and Tk by Brent Welch , Updated for Tcl
7.4 and Tk 4.0
Reference books
1. Teach Yourself Perl 5 in 21 days by David Till.
2. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4: System Administration Guide Copyright
2005 Red Hat, Inc
Web resources
1. Anand Iyer, NPTEL-IIT Madras ‘Linux Programming & Scripting’.
URL: https://nptel.ac.in/syllabus/117106113/
Assessment Method:

Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
******************************************************************
231
ECXX53 Machine Learning OEC 3L: 0T: 0P 3 credits
1. To provide a broad survey of approaches and techniques in machine learning.

2. To develop a deeper understanding of several major topics in machine learning.
3. To develop the basic skills necessary to pursue research in machine learning.
Course Content:
Unit- I (6 hours)
Introduction, Different types of Learning, Hypothesis space and Cross-Validation, Linear
Regression, Introduction to decision trees, learning decision trees, over fitting, Python
exercise on decision trees and linear regression
Unit- II (7 hours)
K-Nearest neighbour, feature selection, feature extraction, collaborative filtering, python
exercise on Knn and PCA.
Unit- III (8 hours)

Bayesian Learning, Naïve Bayes, Bayesian Network, Python exercise on Naïve Bayes
Unit- IV (8 hours)
Logistic regression, Introduction to Support Vector Machine, SVM: The Dual formation,
SVM: maximum margin with noise, nonlinear SVM and Kennel function, SVM: solutions
to the dual problem, Python exercise on SVM.
Unit- V (8 hours)
Multilayer Neural network, neural network and back propagation algorithm, deep neural
network, python exercise on neural network.
232
Unit- VI (8 hours)
Introduction to computational learning theory, sample complexity: finite hypothesis space,
VC Dimension, Introduction to Ensembles, Bagging and Boosting, Clustering, means
clustering, agglomerative hierarchical clustering, python exercise on clustering.
Learning Resources:
Text Books
1. Tom Mitchell, ‘Machine Learning’, McGraw- Hill, 1997, 1st Edition.
2. EthemAlpaydin, ‘Introduction to Machine Learning’, Phi, 2nd Edition.
Web resources
1. Prof Sudeshna sarkar, NPTEL- IIT Kharagpur, ‘Introduction To Machine
Learning’. URL: http://nptel.ac.in/courses/106105152/
1 Understand the fundamental issues and challenges of machine learning like data,
model selection, and model complexity.
2 Understand strengths and weaknesses of many popular machine learning

approaches.
3 Design and implement various machine learning algorithms in a range of real

world applications.
Assessment Method:

Tool
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
**********************************************************************
233
Robotics Operating
ECXX58 PCC 3L: 0T: 0P 3 credits
System:Drones
1. Introduction to Aerial Robotics.

2. To analyse the components of aerial robots their sensors and actuators.
3. To be exposed to dynamic models of quadrotor.
4. To be able to develop linear control for the quadrotor models.
5. To be able to sense and estimate the state of the quadrotor.
6. Learn to use Robotic Operating System (ROS).
Content
Unit I
Introduction to ROS
ROS architecture & philosophy, ROS master, nodes, and topics, Console commands,
Catkin workspace and build system
Launch-files, Gazebo simulator, Programming Tools.
Unit II
ROS Packages
ROS package structure, Integration and programming with Eclipse, ROS C++ client
library (roscpp), ROS subscribers and publishers, ROS parameter server, RViz
visualization.
Unit III
ROS Services
234
TF Transformation System, rqt User Interface, Robot models (URDF), Simulation

descriptions (SDF),ROS services
ROS actions (actionlib), ROS time, ROS bags, Debugging strategies
UNIT IV
Introduction to Aerial Robotics
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Quadrotors, Key Components of Autonomous Flight, State
Estimation, Applications, Basic Mechanics, Dynamics and 1-D Linear Control, Design
Considerations, Design Considerations, Agility and Manoeuvrability.
Unit V
Planning and Control
2-D Quadrotor Control, 3-D Quadrotor Control, Time, Motion, and Trajectories, Time,
Motion, and Trajectories, Motion Planning for Quadrotors.
Unit VI
Practicals
1) Introduction to Robotic Operating System (ROS).
2) Introduction to ROS master, ROS nodes and ROS topics.
3) Building Catkin workspace and cmake.
4) Introduction to Gazebo simulator.
5) ROS package structure.
6) Introduction to ROS Python (rospy) and ROS C++ library (roscpp).
7) Using ROS subscribers and publishers.
8) ROS parameter server and rViz visualization.
9) Introduction to ROS action, ROS time, TOS bags.
10) Using Hector Drone simulator.
11) Term Project.
Learning resources
Text Books
1. Effective Robotics Programming with ROS, Third Edition - by Anil Mahtani, Luis
Sanchez, Enrique Fernandez, Aaron Martinez
Reference Books
1. Smart-Programming Robots with ROS_ A Practical Introduction to the Robot
Operating System-O'Reilly Media Morgan Quigley, Brian Gerkey, William D.
235
Web resources
1. Prof Marco Hutter, ETH-Zurich, ‘Programming for Robotics-ROS’.
URL: http://www.rsl.ethz.ch/education-students/lectures/ros.html
Course outcomes: After the completion of this course, the students gets acquainted
with the following
CO 1 Knowledge on Aerial Robotics
CO 2 To analyse the components of aerial robots their sensors and actuators
CO 3 To be exposed to dynamic models of quadrotor
CO 4 To be able to develop linear control for the quadrotor models.
CO 5 To be able to sense and estimate the state of the quadrotor

CO 6 Learn to use Robotic Operating System (ROS)
Assessment Method

Tool
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
*Note: As this course is a practical oriented in nature, Monthly Test-3 assessment may be
done based on the Term project submitted by the students.
**********************************************************************
236
Bio sensors and Bio OEC 3L: 0T: 0P 3 credits

ECXY57
electronics
Course Learning Objectives: During this course students will:

1. To understand the use of biomolecues as recognition elements for detection of a
particular analyze and the use of biological elements such as proteins in place of
silicon chips and learn the basic concepts in biosensing and bioelectronics
2. To be able to understood and learn transducers in biosensors
3. To be able to solve typical problems in biosensing and applications and learn about
the remaining challenges in this field
4. To learn biomolecutes and functioning concept
5. To learn basic concepts of developments towards biomolecular computer
6. To be able to understood commercial prospects for biomolecular computing system
Course Content:
Unit I: (6 hours)
Introduction: Biosensors- Advantages and limitations, various components of biosensors
Biocatalysis based biosensors, Bioaffinity based biosensors & Microorganisms based
biosensors, Biologically active material and analyze. Types of membranes used in
biosensor constructions.
Unit II (6 hours)
Transducers in biosensors: Various types of transducers; principles and applications -
Calorimetric, Optical, Potentiometric / Amperometric, Conductometric / Resistometric,
Piezoelectric, Semiconductor, Impedimetric, Chemiluminiscene - based Biosensors.
Unit III (9 hours)

Application and uses of biosensors: Biosensors in clinical chemistry, medicine and health
care, biosensors for veterinary, agriculture and food Low cost - biosensor for industrial
processes for online monitoring; biosensors for environmental monitoring. Application of
237
enzymes in analysis; design of enzyme electrodes and their application as biosensors in

industry, healthcare, food and environment.
Unit IV (9 hours)
Molecules of life. In this context discuss monomeric units and polymeric structures.
Discuss about sugars, starch and cellulose. Amino acids and proteins. Nucleotides and
DNA/RNA. Two carbon units and lipids.
Unit V (9 hours)
Bioelectronics: Potential advantages & Developments towards a biomolecular computer,
development of molecular arrays as memory stores; molecular wires and switches;
mechanisms of unit assembly.
Unit VI (6 hours)
Design for a biomolecular photonic computer: Assembly of photonic biomolecular
memory store; Information processing; commercial prospects for biomolecular computing
systems.
Learning resources
Text book:
1. Brian R Eggins – ‘Biosensors an Introduction’, First edition, John Wiley & Sons
2. Publishers, 1996.
3. Loic J Blum, Pierre R Coulet – ‘Biosensors Principles and Applications’, First edition,
Marcel Dekker,Inc, 1991.
4. Donald G. Buerk – ‘Biosensors Theory and Applications’, First Edition Technomic
Publishing. Co, Inc, 1993.
Reference Books:
1. Elizabeth A Hall – ‘Biosensors’, First Edition, Open University, Milton Keynes, 1990.
2. Graham Ramsay – ‘Commercial Biosensors’, First edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
1998.
3. Tran Minh Canh – ‘Sensor Physics & Technology – Biosensors’, First Edition,
Champan & Hall, 1993.
Understood the sources and use of electrical fields and currents in the context of
CO 1
biological systems and problems are discussed.
238
Solve problems related to the biosensing techniques and their physical concepts
CO 2
are introduced in a quantitative fashion.
CO 3 Applied their gained knowledge and understanding for human welfare
CO 4 Good understanding on biomolecules and their function
CO 5 Better understanding of bioelectronics basic concept and application
Well understanding on basics and commercialization of biomolecular computing

CO 6
system.
For Theory courses only:

Course Nature Theory
Assessment Method

Tool
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
239
MAXX02 Matrix algebra BSC 3-0-0 3

1. To learn the concepts of vector spaces and its basis
2. To provide an overview of different types of matrices
3. Learn the concepts of row and column space
4. To study the methods of finding the Eigen values and Eigenvectors
5. To study the different methods decomposition
6. To learn the concepts of Diagonalization
Course Content:
Unit – I (7 Contact
hours)
Vector Spaces, Subspaces, Bases and Dimension, Ordered basis and coordinates. Linear
transformations, Matrix representation of linear transformations, Rank-Nullity Theorem
Unit - II (7 Contact
hours)
Symmetric, skew-symmetric, Hermitian, Skew – Hermitian, Orthogonal, Unitary matrices
and their properties.
Unit - III ( 8 Contact

hours)
Idempotent matrix, Row and column spaces, rank and trace and their properties.
Unit - IV ( 8 Contact
hours)
Quadratic forms, positive definite and their properties, Reduction of quadratic forms to
canonical form using Lagrange method and orthogonal reduction.
240
Unit - V (8 Contact
hours)
Matrix diagonalization: QR, LD and singular value decomposition.
Unit - VI (7 Contact
hours)
Iterative methods to solve AX=B using Jacobi, Gauss- Seidel, SOR Methods.
Learning resources
Text book:
1. Gilbert Strang, ‘ Introduction to Linear Algebra’ , Wellesley Cambridge Press, South
Asian Edition.
Reference Books:
1. Kanti Bhushan Datta, ‘Matrix and Linear Algebra’, PHI , Second Edition.
2. David A. Harville, ‘Matrix Algebra from a Statistician’s Perspective’, Springer
3. Erwin Kreyszig, ‘Advanced Engineering Mathematics’, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd, 8th
Edition
4. Kenneth Hoffman and Ray Kunze, ‘Linear Algebra’, PHI, 2nd Edition.
Web resources:
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LJ-
LoJhbBA4&list=PLbMVogVj5nJQ2vsW_hmyvVfO4GYWaaPp7
Solve systems of linear equations, analyze vectors in geometrically and
CO 1
algebraically
CO 2 Understand the different types of matrices and their properties
241
CO 3 Row and column space of different types of matrices
CO 4 Compute and use Eigenvectors and Eigenvalues
CO 5 Different methods of matrix Decomposition
Use the characteristic polynomial to compute the eigenvalues and eigenvectors

CO 6 of a square matrix and use them to diagonalise matrices when this is possible;
discriminate between diagonalisable and non-diagonalisable matrices.

Assessment Method

Tool
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
************************************************************************
Course code Course name Course L-T-P Credits

Category
PY XXXX Thin Film Technology Elective 3-0-0 3

1. The course is aimed at equipping the undergraduate Engineering and Physics students
with the basic understanding of how thin films are fabricated, characterized and their
applications.
2. This course gives an introduction to vacuum technology which plays a key role in the
dynamics of nucleation and growth of a thin film.
242
3. This course explains various mechanical and chemical ways of depositing methods for
thin film fabrication
4. Dynamics of nucleation and growth of a thin film during fabrication are explained.
5. Various characterization methods of the grown thin films are explained.
6. Optical and electrical Properties and applications of thin films in the field of solar cells
are covered.
Course Content
UNIT–I: Vacuum technology (10 Hours)

Fundamentals of vacuum, basic definition and pressure regions of vacuum, kinetic theory
of gases mean free path, vacuum pumps and systems, rotary mechanical pump, diffusion
pump, turbo molecular pump, sputter ion pump, measurement of vacuum, concept of
different gauges, Pirani gauge, ionization gauge and penning gauge.
UNIT-II: Physical methods of thin film deposition (10 Hours)

Thermal evaporation, resistive heating, flash evaporation, rf-heating, co-evaporation,
sputtering plasma, sputtering variants, sputtering yield low pressure sputtering, rf-
sputtering, reactive sputtering, magnetron sputtering, evaporation versus sputtering,
Epitaxy (MBE)
UNIT–III: Chemical methods of thin film deposition (12 Hours)

Electro-deposition, electrolytic deposition, electro less deposition, anodic oxidation, spray
pyrolysis, spin and dip coating, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), homogenous and
heterogeneous process, CVD reactions, pyrolysis, hydrogen reduction, transfer reactions,
CVD processes and systems, low pressure CVD.
UNIT–IV: Growth of thin films and thickness measurements (10 Hours)

Introduction: nucleation and early stages of film growth, thermodynamic aspects of
nucleation, capillary theory, thin film growth modes, Volmert Weber (VW) growth,
Frank-van der Merwe (FM) growth, Stranski-Krastanov growth
UNIT V: Characterization methods of thin films (10 Hours)

Thickness measurement, electrical methods, microbalance monitors, quartz crystal
monitor, mechanical method (stylus), optical interference methods, ellipsometry,
interference fringes.
UNIT–VI: Properties of thin films (10 Hours)
243
Mechanical, electrical and optical properties of thin films, Application to Renewable

energy technology – Thin film solar cells, Quantum well and Quantum dot solar cells, dye
– sensitized solar cells.
Text Books:
1. Milton Ohring ‘Materials Science of Thin Films’ Academic Press, 2nd Edition
REFERENCES:
1. K. L. Chopra ‘Thin Film Phenomenon’, McGraw-Hill, 2nd Edition
CO 1 Gain knowledge over Vacuum technology and principle of vacuum pumps-

various types of vacuum pumps and their corresponding ranges.
CO 2 Gain knowledge about various physical fabrication methods of thin films like
thermal evaporation, Pulsed laser deposition, Sputtering, Epitaxy etc.
CO 3 Gain knowledge about various Chemical methods of fabrication like Oxidation,

pyrolysis, Various methods of chemical Vapour Deposition.
CO 4 Know about growth kinetics and nucleation of thin films along with their
measurement
CO 5 Characterization methods of electron microscopy, ellipsometry, and

spectroscopy are covered.
CO 6 Mechanical, optical and electric Properties of thin films are covered and various
applications in the field of solar cells are covered.
Assessment Method
Assessment Tool Weekly tests Monthly tests End Semester Test Total
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
244

Category
PYXXXX Introduction to Fiber Optics Elective 3-0-0 3

1. The course is aimed at equipping the undergraduate Engineering and Physics students
with the basic understanding of optical fibers and optical fiber communication. The course
provides knowledge of optical fiber waveguide at fundamental level, essentials of an
optical fiber communication system and understanding of various components of an
optical fiber telecommunication system.
2. This course gives an introduction of optical fibers, their applications in our lives and
some interesting facts associated with optical fibers. This unit explains the need for optical
telecommunication and outlines the advantages of a fiber optic communication system.
3. This course explains various mechanisms of optical signal attenuation in an optical fiber
and Pulse broadening through intermodal dispersion in an optical fiber is explained.
Electromagnetic wave analysis of light propagation in an infinitely extended dielectric
medium has been carried out. Electric and magnetic field associated with a light wave is
explained.
4. Concept of TE/TM and EH/HE modes of an optical fiber has been explained. Scalar
wave equation of LP modes of the fiber is formed and is implementation in a step-index
fiber has been discussed. Various loss mechanisms at the joint of two fibers have been
explained.
5. Total dispersion in a single mode fiber and waveguide dispersion in various types of
graded index fibers have been discussed. In this lecture we introduce components and
devices based on optical fibers. Working of directional coupler and its applications as a
switch and as a power splitter have been explained
6. Optical Sources and Detectors were explained
Course Content:
Unit - I (10 hours)

Introduction, need for optical communication, salient features of optical fibers, ray theory
of light guidance, numerical aperture, modes of a fiber, single and multimode fibers, step-
index and graded-index fibers.
245
Fiber fabrication techniques, Transmission characteristics of optical fibers, attenuation,

pulse broadening mechanism, intermodal dispersion, bit rate - length product, material
dispersion

Electromagnetic wave analysis of light propagation in an infinitely extended medium, em
waves in dielectrics, boundary conditions Electromagnetic analysis of planar optical
waveguides, TE and TM modes, planar mirror waveguide, dielectric symmetric step-
index, planar waveguide, symmetric and anti-symmetric modes, b-V curves,

Power associated with modes of dielectric symmetric planar waveguide, asymmetric
planar waveguide, single polarization single mode waveguide, excitation of guided modes
by prism coupling technique, radiation modes, optical fiber waveguide, EH and HE modes
Unit - IV (10 hours)

Optical fiber modes, field patterns, fractional power in the core, single mode fiber, cut-off
wavelength, mode field diameter, bend loss, splice loss, waveguide dispersion, group
delay, Total chromatic dispersion, dispersion in graded-index and multilayer fibers, optical
fiber components and devices, directional coupler, power splitter, WDM coupler,
polarization controllers, fiber Bragg gratings

Detectors for optical communication, p-i-n photodetector, APD, System design, dispersion
and attenuation limited systems, BER, power budgeting of fiber link, recent advances
Learning resources
Text book:
1. A. K. Ghatak and K.Thyagarajan, ‘Introduction to Fiber Optics’, Cambridge

University Press
Reference Books:
1. B. E. A. Saleh and M. C. Teich, ‘Fundamentals of Photonics,’ Wiley-Interscience

2. G.P. Agrawal, ‘Optical Fiber Communication System’ Wiley-Interscience
3. G. Keiser, ‘Optical Fiber Communications’, McGraw Hill
246
4. A. Snyder and J Love, ‘Optical Waveguide Theory’, Chapmann and Hall

5. J. M. Senior, ‘Optical Fiber Communications,’ Pearson Prentice Hall
Web resources: Dr. Vipul Rastogi, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee , NPTL video
lectures,
URL: https://nptel.ac.in/courses/115107095/33#
CO 1 Know about optical fibers, their applications in telecommunication and outlines

the advantages of a fiber optic communication system.
CO 2 Gain knowledge about various mechanisms of optical signal attenuation in an

optical fiber and Pulse broadening through intermodal dispersion in an optical
fiber. Understand the electromagnetic wave analysis of light propagation in an
infinitely extended dielectric medium.
CO 3 Gain knowledge about Concept of TE/TM and EH/HE modes of an optical fiber.
Scalar wave equation of LP modes of the fiber is formed and is implementation
in a step-index fiber.
CO 4 Know about various loss mechanisms at the joint of two fibers
CO 5 Understand total dispersion in a single mode fiber and waveguide dispersion in

various types of graded index fibers. Gain knowledge about working of
directional coupler and its applications as a switch and as a power splitter.
CO 6 Optical Sources and Detectors were explained

Assessment Method

Tool
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
247

Category
PY XXXX Semiconductor Optoelectronics Elective 3-0-0 3

1. This unit emphasis the importance of Quantum mechanics in semiconductors.
2. This unit gives an introduction to electron theory of solids and motion of electron in a
periodic lattice. This Unit also aims at electrical properties of matter.
3. This unit emphasis the types of semiconductors and construction and working of
semiconductors in terms of carrier statistics.
4. This unit enlighten about the interaction of light with different types of semiconductor
materials. This unit also focuses on the optoelectronic properties of semiconductors.
5. These unit emphasis measurement techniques employed to study the semiconductor
parameters.
6. This unit focuses on the design and fabrication of various types of semiconducting
materials.
Course Content:
Module 1: Wave nature of particles and the Schrodinger equation (10 Hours)
Introduction to Quantum mechanics, Wave nature of Particles, Time-dependent and time
independent Schrodinger equation for wave function, Born interpretation, probability
current, Expectation values, Free-particle wave function and wave-packets, Uncertainty
principle. Solution of stationary-state, Schrodinger equation for one dimensional problems
(particle in a box), linear harmonic oscillator.
Module 2: Electronic materials (10 Hours)
248
Free electron theory, Density of states and energy band diagrams, Kronig-Penny model (to
introduce origin of band gap), Energy bands in solids, E-k diagram, Direct and indirect
band gaps, Types of electronic materials: metals, semiconductors, and insulators,
Module 3: Semiconductors (10 Hours)
Density of states, Occupation probability, Fermi level, Effective mass, Intrinsic and
extrinsic semiconductors, Dependence of Fermi level on carrier-concentration and
temperature (equilibrium carrier statistics), Carrier generation and recombination, Carrier
transport: diffusion and drift, p-n junction.
Module 4: Light-semiconductor interaction (10 Hours)
Semiconductor materials of interest for optoelectronic devices, Optical transitions in bulk
semiconductors: absorption, spontaneous emission, and stimulated, Emission; Optical loss
and gain; Photovoltaic effect, Exciton, Drude model.
Module 5: Measurements (10 Hours)

Four-point probe and van der Pauw measurements for carrier density, resistivity, and Hall
mobility; Hot-point probe measurement, capacitance-voltage measurements, parameter
extraction from diode I-V characteristics, DLTS, band gap by UV-Vis spectroscopy,
absorption/transmission.
Module 6: Engineered semiconductor materials (10 Hours)

Density of states in 2D, 1D and 0D (qualitatively). Practical examples of low-dimensional
systems such as quantum wells, wires, and dots: design, fabrication, and characterization
techniques.
Learning resources:
Text Book
1. J. Singh, ‘Semiconductor Optoelectronics: Physics and Technology’, McGraw-Hill Inc.
(1995).
References:
1. B. E. A. Saleh and M. C. Teich, ‘Fundamentals of Photonics’, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
(2007).
2. S. M. Sze, ‘Semiconductor Devices: Physics and Technology’, Wiley (2008).
3. A. Yariv and P. Yeh, Photonics: Optical Electronics in Modern Communications,
Oxford University Press, New York (2007).
4. P. Bhattacharya, Semiconductor Optoelectronic Devices, Prentice Hall of India (1997).
Online course:
1. M R Shenoy NPTEL -IITD, “Semiconductor Optoelectronics”,
249
2. Monica Katiyar and Deepak Guptaon NPTEL- IITD "Optoelectronic Materials and
Devices" URL: https://nptel.ac.in/syllabus/113104012/
CO 1 Student will able to understand the importance of Quantum mechanics in
semiconductors
CO 2 Student will able to understand the electron theory of solids in terms of motion
of electron in a periodic lattice and electrical properties of matter.
CO 3 Student will able to understand the different types of semiconductors and

construction and working of semiconductors in terms of carrier statistics
CO 4 Student will able to understand the Optical transitions in semiconductors and

photovoltaic effect.
CO 5 Student will able to understand the how to measure the semiconductor electronic
parameters using different techniques.
CO 6 Student will able to understand design and fabrication of various semiconducting

material.
Assessment Method

Tool
Weightage (%) 10% 30% 60% 100%
250
251

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Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies - AP

Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

General, Course structure, Semester-wise credit distribution

1 Hour Lecture (L) per week 1 credit

1 Hour Tutorial (T) per week 1 credit

3 Hours Practical (Lab)/week 1.5 credits

B. Total number of credits: 160

C. Minimum number of contact hours/weeks per semester: 15 weeks of teaching

i. For 1 credit course: 15 contact hours per semester

D. Course code and definition, Abbreviations

Course code Definitions

ECEL Program Electives

ECP1 Project Stage-I

ECP2 Project Stage-II

ECMP1 Mini Project Stage-I

ECMP2 Mini Project Stage-II

ECSI Summer Internship

ES General Engineering Courses

HS Humanities and Social Sciences including

PCC Program Core Course

PEC Program Elective Course

OEC Open Elective Course

BSC Basic Science Course

HSC Humanities and Social Sciences including

PROJ Mini project/Project

S.No Category Credits

F. Semester-wise Credits Distribution

TOTAL E1-S1 E1-S2 E2-S1 E2-S2 E3-S1 E3-S2 E4-S1 E4-S2

Total number of Mandatory Courses (MC): 03 (Indian Constitution, Environmental

E1-S1: Engineering first year first semester

Mandatory Induction Program

ENGINEERING FIRST YEAR: SEMESTER-1

ENGINEERING FIRST YEAR: SEMESTER-2

ENGINEERING SECOND YEAR: SEMESTER-1

ENGINEERING SECOND YEAR: SEMESTER-2

ENGINEERING THIRD YEAR: SEMESTER-1

ENGINEERING THIRD YEAR: SEMESTER-2

ENGINEERING FOURTH YEAR: SEMESTER-1

ENGINEERING FOURTH YEAR: SEMESTER -2

** Completion of courses through MOOCs is subjected to the regulations and guidelines

List of Program Electives Courses/ Open Elective Courses

Professional Elective Courses

ECXY01:Advanced Digital Communications

ECXY02:Antenna and Radio wave propagation

ECXY04:Design of Microwave systems

ECXY05:Detection and Estimation Theory

ECXY06:Error Correcting Codes

ECXY07:Information Theory and Coding

ECXY08:Millimeter wave Technology

ECXY11:Radio Frequency and Microwave Engineering

Signal Processing Stream

ECXY14:Advanced Digital Signal Processing

ECXY15:Artificial Neural Networks

ECXY16:Biomedical Signal Processing

ECXY17:Digital Image Processing

ECXY18:Digital Voice and Picture Communication

ECXY19:Estimation of Signals and Systems

ECXY20:Medical Image Analysis

ECXY21:Pattern Recognition and applications