SBST1303

BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT

MAY 2018

SBST 1303

ELEMENTARY STATISTICS

MATRICULATION NO: 901216065582-001

IDENTITY CARD NO. : 901216-06-5582
TELEPHONE NO. : 012-9386836
E-MAIL : nirupa16121990@oum.edu.my

LEARNING CENTRE : TEMERLOH LEARNING CENTRE

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TABLE OF CONTENT

QUESTION 1
(A) 3
(B) 3-4
(C) 5
(D) 5

QUESTION 2
(A) 6
(B) 6-8
(C) 8

QUESTION 3
(A) 9
(B) 9
(C) 9
(D) 10

QUESTION 4
(A) 11
(B) 11
(C) 12
(D) 12

REFERENCES 13

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QUESTION 1
1 ( a ) Step 1 : Divide field of study into six categories.

Step 2 : Develop frequency by counting the data in each field of study.

Table 1 shows the summary table for field of study chosen by 50 school leavers
around Klang Valley.

Table 1 : Summary Table For Field Of Study Chosen By School Leavers

Around Klang Valley.
Field Of Architecture Business Communication Engineering Foundation IT Total
Study (A) (B) (C) (E) (F) (I)
Frequency 4 10 8 11 10 7 50

1 ( b ) Relative Frequency = Frequency

Total Frequency
Field Of Study Frequency Relative Relative
Frequency Frequency ( % )
Architecture 4
(A)
Business 10
(B)
Communication 8
(C)
Engineering 11
(E)
Foundation 10
(F)
IT 7
(I)
Total 50 1 100

If the column data is expressed in frequency, f, then :

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Central angle =

If the column data is expressed in proportion, x( % ), then :

Central angle =

Field Of Study Frequency Percentage (%) Sectarian Angle

Architecture 4
(A)
Business 10
(B)
Communication 8
(C)
Engineering 11
(E)
Foundation 10
(F)
IT 7
(I)
Total 50 100% 360°

1 ( c ) Pie Chart Of Field Of Study Chosen By 50 School Leavers Around Klang Valley

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1 ( d ) Bar Chart Of Field Of Study Chosen By 50 School Leavers

QUESTION 2
2(a)

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As it is an approximation, we can choose any integer close to 6.1, i.e 6 or 7.

Let us say we choose 6. This means we should have at least 6 classes (6 or more).

Let 1.8 be the lower limit of the first class, and 0.8 as the class width. Then the lower
limit of the second class is 2.6 (i.e. 1.8 + 0.8 = 2.6). The upper limit of the first class is
2.5 (0.1 unit less than lower limit of the second class because of one decimal places data
set).

Frequency Distribution Table Of The Lifespan (in year) For A Sample Of 36 Batteries
Used In An Industrial
Lower Limit – Upper Class Counting Tally Frequency
Limit
1st class Start with 1.8 1.8 – 2.5 II 2
2nd class + class width 2.6 – 3.3 IIII 4
3rd class 3.4 – 4.1 IIII I 6
4th class 4.2 – 4.9 IIII IIII III 13
5th class 5.0 – 5.7 IIII III 8
6th class 5.8 – 6.5 III 3
Sum 36

2 ( b ) Label the horizontal axis by class name, class mid-point, or class boundaries with
its unit (if relevant). In the case of using class mid-point or class boundaries, they should
be scaled correctly. If the axis is labelled with class name, then the graph can start at any
position along the axis.

Label the vertical axis with class frequency or relative frequency.

The width of a bar begins with its lower boundary and ends with its upper
boundary, the height of the bar represents the frequency of that class. All bars are
attached to one another.

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Label the horizontal axis with class mid-point.

Label the vertical axis with class frequency or relative frequency.

Plot and join all points. Both ends of the polygon should be tied down to the
horizontal axis.

Class mid-point =

Class Class Mid-Point (x) Frequency ( f )

1.8 – 2.5 2.15 2
2.6 – 3.3 2.95 4
3.4 – 4.1 3.75 6
4.2 – 4.9 4.55 13

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5.0 – 5.7 5.35 8

5.8 – 6.5 6.15 3
Frequency polygon for a sample of 36 batteries used in an industrial.

2 ( c ) The modal class of the distribution is 4.2 – 4.9 (highest frequency).

QUESTION 3
3 ( a ) Mean is the average of all numbers. Mean involves all data from the smallest to
the largest value in the data set. The mean of a set of n numbers x 1, x2, …, xn is given by
the following formula :

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3 ( b ) Mode is the data that has the largest frequency. For the set of data with moderate
number of observations, mode can be obtained direct from its definition. The data should
first be arranged in ascending (or descending) order. Then the mode will be
observation(s) which occurs most frequently. Arrange the data in ascending order.

25, 29, 30, 32, 35, 38, 38, 40, 41, 43

Since number 38 occurs two times (the highest frequency), the mode is 38.

3 ( c ) Median is quantified as the 50% of the data having values less than the median
value, and the other 50% of the data having values more than the median value. Since the
calculation of median does not involve all observations, it is therefore not affected by
extreme values of data. When all observations are arranged in ascending (or maybe
descending order), then median is defined as the observation at the middle point (for odd
number of observations), or it is the average of two observations at the middle (for even
number of observation).

Get the position of the median, position = (n+1). Arrange the given data in ascending
order.
Identify the median, , or calculate the average of the two middle observations, when the
numbers are even.

position = (n+1)

= (10+1) = 5.5. This position is at the middle, between 5th and 6th position.

Median

25, 29, 30, 32, 35, 38, 38, 40, 41, 43

The median is

3 ( d ) Get the position of the quartile,

where
r = 1 for first quartile,
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r = 2 for second quartile, and

r = 3 for third quartile.

Q1 is positioned between 2nd and 3rd, and it is 0.75 above the 2th position.

Q2 is positioned between 5th and 6th, and it is 0.5 above the 5th position.

Q3 is positioned between 8th and 9th, and it is 0.25 above the 8th position.

Arrange the data in ascending order

Q1 Q2 Q3

25, 29, 30, 32, 35, 38, 38, 40, 41, 43

Q1 is positioned between 29 and 30, and it is 0.75 above the 2th position.

Q2 is positioned between 35 and 38, and it is 0.5 above the 5th position.

Q3 is positioned between 40 and 41, and it is 0.25 above the 8th position.

Inter-quartile range is given by :

IQR =

= 40.25 – 29.75

= 10.5

10.5 is the inter-quartile range for the above data.

QUESTION 4
4(a) Venn diagram for the population and the events

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Both
0.2 0.1
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4 ( b ) i)

4 ( b ) ii) By referring to the above Venn diagram, probability that a youngster has
only a Facebook account is 0.5

4 ( b ) iii) Probability that a youngster has no Facebook nor a Twitter account is :-

1 – 0.9
0.1

4 ( b ) iv) By referring to the above Venn diagram, probability that a Facebook user
has a Twitter account as well is 0.2

4 ( b ) v)

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4(c)

Tree diagram for student and non-student

P(A) = 0.6, P(A1) = 0.4, P(B) = 0.8

Probability that the youngster uses a smartphone is :-

P(B) = P(B|A) + (B|A1)
= ( 0.6 × 0.8 ) + ( 0.4 × 0.55 )
= 0.48 + 0.22
= 0.7

4 ( d ) Probability youngster having a smartphone is studying :-

=
= 0.6857

The difference in the 60% proportion of students in the population is 0.6857. This is
because smartphone helps to enhance learning process in the classroom, Students are able
to get answers quickly. Smartphones provide the ability to get answers quickly. A student

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may not ask for clarification to a question he or she has in an open classroom hence the
use of a smartphone in a classroom setting can provide those answers.
ATTACHMENT

REFERENCES

1) Bluman, A. (2010). Elementary statistics: A brief version (Fifth ed.). St. Louis,
MO: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc
2) Bluman, A. G. (2009). Elementary statistics: A step by step approach. New York:
McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
3) Statistics New Zealand (2016). Percentage of New Zealand population who have
never worked, June 2016 quarter[Table]. Retrieved from
http://www.stats.govt.nz/browse_for_stats/income-and-work/employment_and
_unemployment/people-never-worked.aspx
4) SBST1303 ELEMENTARY STATISTICS. (n.d.). 3rd ed. pp.TOPIC 1 TO TOPIC
6.

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