19-08-2019

OM Sri Krishnaaya Parabrahmane Namah: Avignamasthu

OM Sri Krishnaaya Parabrahmane Namah: Avignamasthu
Electrical Sciences: Electric Circuits

Review of Class 3:
 Passive Elements,
 Resistor
 Ohm’s Law
 Current divider
 Voltage divider
 KCL
 KVL
 Numerical
Class 4: Electrical Circuits Elements
Nodal Analysis, Numerical, Mesh Analysis, Numerical

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Numerical 3
Q3) For the circuit shown in Fig.3, find v2

+ -

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LT spice

EEE F111: Unit 1

==

a. To study basic circuit elements and the laws:

Voltage and current sources,
Independent and Dependent sources,
Resistors
Ohm’s law, KCL, KVL; Current and Voltage divider rule
Instantaneous power
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EEE F111: Unit 1

b. Reduction of network: To study circuit analysis techniques:

Nodal Analysis
Mesh Analysis
c. Reduction of network: To study circuit theorems

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Circuit Analysis

Why Circuit Analysis?

Circuits/Network: More complicated analysis
Set of Linear Algebraic equations
Nodal Analysis  variables are voltages (Node voltages)
 Circuits having more Current sources
Mesh or Loop Analysis  variables are current (Mesh currents)
 Circuits having more Voltage sources

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Steps of Nodal Analysis

1. Choose an essential node and name it as a reference node.
Symbols used -

2. Assign node voltages to the other nodes and currents in each

branch.
3. Apply KCL to each node other than the reference and express
currents in terms of node voltages.
4. Solve the resulting system of linear equations.

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Numerical 1
Q1) Find the voltage across 1k resistor using nodal analysis.

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Numerical 1 (cont..)
Step 1: Reference Node

500 500

+
I1
500 V 1k 500 I2
-

The reference node is called the ground node.

Usually junction with maximum branches

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Numerical 1 (cont..)

Step 2:
a. Assign nodal voltages at nodes 1, 2 and 3
b. Assign arbitrary currents for the branches

500 V I 500
V1 I3 2 6 V3
I7 3
1 I4 2 I5
I1 1k 500 I2
500

Vr= 0

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Numerical 1 (cont..)
Step 3:
a. Write KCL at each node
b. Write the currents in terms of node voltages I
I1 V1 3500 V2
Eg: KCL at node 1 V
1 I4
I1 = I3 +I4
I4 I1
500
V1 500 V2 500
I3

V1  V 2 Vr= 0
V1  V2 V
I3 =  1  I1
500
V1  0 500 500
I4 =
500
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Numerical 1 (cont..)
Step 3:
a. Write KCL at each node
b. Write the currents in terms of node voltages

KCL at node 2 V1 500 V2 500 V3

I5 +I6 = I3 I6
I3 I5
V2 V  V3 V1  V2 1k
 2 
1000 500 500

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Numerical 1 (cont..)
Step 3:
a. Write KCL at each node
b. Write the currents in terms of node voltages

KCL at node 3
I6 + I2= I7
V2 500 V3
V2  V3 V
 I2  3 I6 I7
500 500
500 I2

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Numerical 1 (cont..)
Step 4: Solve the system of equations If I1 = 5mA, I2 = 10mA

• Node 1:
 1 1   1  3
  V1   V2  5  10
 500 500   500 
• Node 2:
 1   1 1 1   1 
 V1     V2   V3  0
 500   500 1000 500   500 
• Node 3:
 1   1 1  3
 V2  V3     10  10
 500   500 500 
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Numerical 1 (cont..)
Step 4: Solve the system of equations
4x10-3 V1 - 2x10-3 V2 +0 V3 = 5 x10-3
-2x10-3 V1 + 5x10-3 V2 -2x10-3V3 = 0 Solve by Simultaneous equation
0V1 - 2x10-3 V2 + 4x10-3 V3 = 10x10-3

4x10-3 - 2x10-3 0 V1 5 x10-3

-2x10-3 5x10-3 -2x10-3 V2 = 0
Solve by Cramer’s rule
0 - 2x10-3 4x10-3 V3 10x10-3

4 -2 0 V1 5 V1 = 2.5 V
-2 5 -2 V2 = 0 Solution V2 = 2.5 V
0-2 4 V3 10 V3 = 3.75 V
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Numerical 2
Find the current in each branch and the voltages at the non-
reference nodes.
Super node

Circuit with voltage sources

Super node equation : i1 + i2 = i3 + 3
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v2 –Prepared
v3 =by4Dr. S. Radhika 16

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Numerical 2

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Numerical 3
Using Node Analysis, Find Ib and Vo.
5k
Ib

+
2k
5mA 1k 100Ib Vo
-

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Circuit Analysis

Why Circuit Analysis?

Circuits/Network: More complicated analysis
Set of Linear Algebraic equations
Nodal Analysis  variables are voltages
 Circuits having more Current sources
Mesh or Loop Analysis  variables are current
 Circuits having more Voltage sources

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What is a Mesh?

Meshes are loops which has no other loops within them

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Steps of Mesh Analysis

1. Identify the m meshes in the circuit
2. Assign mesh current
3. Apply KVL to each of the m meshes
4. Solve the resulting set of m simultaneous equations
for the mesh currents

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Mesh Analysis
1. Identify the m meshes in the circuit
R1  R2 

V1 + +
Mesh 1 Mesh 2 V2
– –

R3 
m =2

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Mesh Analysis
2. Assign mesh current
R1  R2 

V1 + +
I1 I2 V2
– –

R3 

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Mesh Analysis
3. Apply KVL to each of the m meshes
R1  R2 

V1 + +
I1 I2 V2
– –

R3 
V1 - R1I1- R3(I1-I2) = 0 –(1)

-V2 – R3(I2- I1) – R2(I2) = 0 –(2)

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Mesh Analysis
4. Solve the resulting set of m simultaneous equations for the
mesh currents

I1 (R1 + R3) – I2 R3 = V1 1

– I1 R3 +(R2 +R3 ) I2 = –V2 2

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Conclusion of Day 4

• Nodal Analysis
• Numerical
• Mesh Analysis
• Numerical

THANK YOU !!!

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