A

PROJECT REPORT

ON

SOLAR POWER BASED BUCK-BOOST REGULATOR

FOR THE PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

MADAN MOHAN MALAVIYA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

SESSION: 2019-20

SUBMITTED BY-

ANTESH JAIN (2016031011)

ANSHUL YADAV (2016031010)
AMAN KESHARI (2016031009)
MADHUR MISHRA (2016031035)

UNDER GUIDENCE OF

Mr. K.P. Singh

(Associate Professor)
 CANDIDATE DECLARATION

We declare that this written submission represent our work and ideas in my word where other ideas
may be include . We adequately cited and referenced the original source. We also declare that We
have adhered to all principal of academics honestly and with full integrity and have not
misrepresented or fabricated any idea/facts in our submission .We understand that violation of
above will cause disciplinary action by the university.

(Signature)

ANTESH JAIN (2016031011)

ANSHUL YADAV (2016031010)
AMAN KESHARI (2016031009)
MADHUR MISHRA (2016031035)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This acknowledgement is a humble attempt to earnestly thank all those who were directly or
indirectly involved in preparation of this project report.
In particular we are thankful to my guide Mr. K.P. Singh (Associate Professor,EED) who guided
us in my seminar work. We are thankful to him for taking active part in the preparation of our
seminar report. It was impossible to present this report without his co-operation and suggestion.
Last but not least we would like to express out deep sense of gratitude to all the faculty members
of electrical Engineering Department and also our friends who help us to accomplish what we have
started for.
 ABSTRACT

Currently, there are plenty of technological applications that utilize natural,

environmental-friendly sources of energy. However, a disadvantage often found in
natural energy sources is that the intensity produced is uncertain. This occurence is
also found in solar panels, wherein the light intensity that enters is not always equal.
Light intensity may be affected by various factors such as ones on gloomy or sunny
weathers. This irregularity on light intensity leads to deviation of voltage output
produced by the solar panel. With the use of buck-boost converters, the amount of
output voltage may be set to higher or lower than the input voltage, enabling us to
maintain the desired output voltage. The amount of output voltage produced is
controlled by a microcontroller program which regulates pulse widths produced by
PWM signals. This report about designing a buck-boost converter for solar panels,
with a voltage input range of 10 to 50 V.
 Introduction

Solar power generation has a greater perspective in our country. Due to atmospheric concerns,
residential applications of continuous administrative strategy Solar Photovoltaic (PV) technology
have been enhanced. Government has taken efforts to upgrade the power demand for the nation.
But Generation of electricity is not as much the demand due to the shortage of generation. The
rural areas are mainly affected without electricity. To compensate the demand Photovoltaic power
has gained more attention by its quality of power which is provided to residential and industrial
customers. Gujarat has a greater capacity in solar power generation in which sunlight is converted
into electricity without pollutant emission and includes solar radiation and cell temperature of PV
as the environmental parameters.
Power conditioners are used to enhance the solar power generation in single stage or two stage
configurations exclusively for residential areas [1-2]. Single stage utility has lower power level (<
5kW) and has single phase PWM inverter between PV module and grid. It gives higher efficiency
and power density with low cost. The single stage configuration is generally tailored around a
single phase PWM operated by full bridge inverter. No electrical isolation is provided between the
PV modules and the grid. Moreover, the grid inverter is tasked either to invert the PV string dc
output voltage, or to accomplish the MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking). Resonant type
converters, which are zero current switching or zero voltage switching, has a good solution to
obtain high efficiency [3-4]. Particularly, the resonant converter is suitable for the dc-dc converter
because the dc-dc converter requires high switching frequency in order to realize downsizing and
high speed output voltage response. However, the number of parts in the circuit increases since
the resonant converters requires an additional inductor or capacitor. Moreover, the voltage and
current rating of the dc-dc converter are dominated by the output voltage and current rating in
conventional dc-dc converters.

Power conversion in high frequency is done in two stage configuration which includes cascade
connection of dc-dc step up converter and bridge inverter with dc link in the middle. DC-DC
converter can be a transformer less non-isolated type or a high frequency transformer isolated type.
Non isolated single stage power conditioners are generally more efficient than their two stage
counterparts. When the strings of PV modules are directly connected to the grid inverter, the
numbers of power processing steps are basically halved and a greater efficiency is achieved.
However, some additional problems in practice arise when such configuration is used in PV plants
for residential applications. In fact, due to the small power size generally less than 3 kW, only a
limited amount of PV modules can be connected in series to form a string feeding the power
conditioner. As a result, the inverter input dc voltage may be insufficient for a direct dc/ac
inversion, especially when the temperature of the PV modules exceeds at 40-45OC. In order to
expand the input voltage range, a step-up dc-dc converter is often introduced between the PV array
and the inverter, for a two stage configuration. It enables the implementation of the MPPT which
is independent from the delivery of the electrical power to the grid.
Overview
Buck-Boost Converter
Buck – boost converter is “a DC to DC converter which either steps up or steps down the input
voltage
level”. The step up or step down of input voltage level depends on the duty ratio. Duty ratio or
duty cycle is
the ratio of output voltage to the input voltage in the circuit. Buck – bust converter provides
regulated DC
output.
When it is in buck mode, the output voltage obtained is less than input applied voltage. In this
mode, the
output current is more than input current. However, the output power is equal to the input power.
When it is in boost mode, the output voltage obtained is more than the input applied voltage. In
this mode,
the output current is less than input current. However, the output power is equal to the input
power.
To operate the buck – boost converter, the two switches will operate simultaneously. When
switches are
closed, inductor stores energy in a magnetic field. When switches are open, the inductors get
discharged
and give the supply to the load. The inductors in the circuit do not allow sudden variations in the
current.
The capacitor across the load provides a regulated DC output.
There are several formats that can be used for buck-boost converters:

+Vin, -Vout: This configuration of a buck-boost converter circuit uses the same number of
components as the simple buck or boost converters. However this buck-boost regulator or DC-
DC
converter produces a negative output for a positive input. While this may be required or can be
accommodated for a limited number of applications, it is not normally the most convenient format.

SW 1 is Open
When the switch in closed, current builds up through the inductor. When the switch is opened the
inductor supplies current through the diode to the load.
+Vin, +Vout: The second buck-boost converter circuit allows both input and output to be the
same
polarity. However to achieve this, more components are required. The circuit for this buck boost
converter is shown below.

In this circuit, both switches act together, i.e. both are closed or open. When the switches are
open, the inductor current builds. At a suitable point, the switches are opened. The inductor then
supplies current to the load through a path incorporating both diodes, D1 and D2. In this circuit,
both switches act together, i.e. both are closed or open. When the switches are open, the inductor
current builds. At a suitable point, the switches are opened. The inductor then supplies current to
the load through a path incorporating both diodes, D1 and D2.
 • Duty ratio(D) is defined as Ton/T.

• here, Ton=ON Time

• T= time period of gate signal.

D=Ton/T

Ton=DT

T=Ton+Toff

Toff=T-Ton

Toff=T(1-D)
Applications of Buck boost converter

 It is used in the self regulating power supplies.

 It has consumer electronics.
 It is used in the Battery power systems.
 Adaptive control applications.
 Power amplifier applications.

Advantages of Buck Boost Converter

 It gives higher output voltage.

 Low operating duct cycle.
 Low voltage on MOSFETs
 Conclusion

In this work the PV residential applications using series compensated power processor is proposed.
It has a buck-boost converter whose output is connected in series to the PV string to form the
inverter input voltage. As a result of the series connection, the buck boost converter generates the
difference between the voltage delivered by PV modules and the inverter input voltage processing
only a part of the power delivered to the inverter. Ratings of the buck boost converter and the
efficiency of the power processor has a positive effects. The proposed scheme is implemented in
simulation studies and results were validated with real-time experimental setup of 480W prototype
which is available in the department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, NIT Trichy, India.
The proposed system is increases the efficiency of the system by reducing the losses. Hence it can
be used for PV residential application where the constant voltage is required and it enhances the
advantage of series compensation approach.
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