Physics Practical

Investigatory Project
Biology
• Name:-Rajdeep Banerjee
• Class:-XII-B
• Roll no:-14
• Session:-2019-20
Certificate
This is to certify that Mr.Rajdeep
Banerjee of class XII-B, Army Public
School has satisfactorily completed
the project in biology for the AISSCE
as prescribed by CBSE in the year
2019-20
Date:-
Registration no:-
Signature of internal examiner:-
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Acknowledgement
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Contents
• What is biotechnology
• What control this natural
vegetation
• Gene manipulation
• Structure of a chromosome
• PCR animation
• Transformation cassettes
• Modern examples
• Applications of biotechnology
• Biotechnology in diagonosis
• Biotech in aquaculture and
• transgenic animals
• Production of antibiotics
• Uses in agriculture
• Industrial biotechnology
• Bibliography
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Applications of
biotechnology
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Biotechnology in
Diagnosis
• It helps in disease diagnosis by

various techniques.
• ELISA, PCR etc are some of them
• ELISA (Enzyme Linked

Immunosorbent Assay) is based
on antigen and antibody reaction
to detect different diseases.
• PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)

is technique to amplify specific
DNA segment
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• This help us to diagnose HIV and
AIDS
Biotechnology and its

Application in Aquaculture
Fisheries
• It helps in improving the quality

and quantity of fishes. Through
biotechnology, fishes are induced
to breed via gonadotropin
releasing hormone
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• Growth Enhancement
• Genetic Characterization
• Control of Diseases
• Metabolic Engineering
• Transgenisis
Transgenic Animals
Animals that have

their DNA manipulated are known
as Transgenic Animals.
• For Example: Rats, Rabbits, Pigs,

Sheep etc.
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• These animals help to understand
how genes are regulated and how
they help in development of
animals. It helps to study how
genes are responsible for the
development of various diseases.
• Transgenic Animals have foreign

gene inserted deliberately into
their Genome.
• This Foreign Gene is inserted into

pronuclei of fertilized egg.
• This fertilized egg is then inserted

into the surrogate mother whose
uterus is activated artificially, to
implant the fertilized egg.
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• Such mother is known
as Surrogate Mother. The mother
give birth to genetically modified
organisms.
• Example: Dolly was a

female domestic sheep
• The first animal to be cloned from

an adult somatic cell.
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Biotechnology in
Production of
Antibiotics
• Plants are used to develop
antibiotics for Humans as well as
for Animal use.
• It helps in production of
antibiotics, vaccines and artificial
hormones for hormone therapies.
• Edible Vaccines are mucosal
targeted vaccines, which causes
stimulation of both systematic and
mucosal immune response.
• Edible vaccines hold great
promise as a cost-effective, easy-
to-administer, easy-to-store and
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fail-safe readily acceptable vaccine
delivery system, especially for the
poor developing countries.
• It involves introduction of
selected desired genes into plants
and then inducing these altered
plants to manufacture the
encoded proteins.
• Edible vaccines are being

developed for various diseases,
such as Measles, Cholera and
Hepatitis B, and many more are in
the process of development.
• It helps in formation of genetically

modified insulin known as Humulin.
This helps in treatment of large
number of diabetes patients.
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• The use of biotechnology in
agriculture is known as green
biotechnology.
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• Biotechnology had contributed a
lot towards the upliftment of
agriculture.
• The organisms formed after
manipulation of genetic content is
known as Genetically Modified
Organisms such as Crops, Animals,
Plants, Fungi, Bacteria etc.
• Genetically Modified crops are
formed by manipulation of DNA to
introduce new trait into the crops.
• These manipulations are done to
introduce traits such as Pest
Resistance, Insect
Resistance, Weed Resistance etc.
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Genetically modified
crops
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• Industrial Biotechnology
• It is a function of
applied Biotechnology. The
discipline studies the methods of
using Biotechnology for producing
and processing materials,
bioenergy, chemicals and also
pharmaceuticals products.
• Fermentation is biotechnology in
which desirable microorganisms
are used in the production of
value-added products of
commercial importance.
• Fermentation occurs in nature in
any sugar-containing mash from
fruit, berries, honey, or sap tapped
from palm
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• If left exposed in a warm
atmosphere, airborne yeasts act on
the sugar to convert it into alcohol
and carbon dioxide.
• The making of wines and beers
uses this biotechnology under
controlled conditions.
• Alcoholic beverages have been
produced for centuries in various
societies.
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Investigatory Project

Signature of internal examiner:-

• It helps in disease diagnosis by

• ELISA, PCR etc are some of them

• ELISA (Enzyme Linked

• PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)

Biotechnology and its

• It helps in improving the quality

Animals that have

• For Example: Rats, Rabbits, Pigs,

• Transgenic Animals have foreign

• This Foreign Gene is inserted into

• This fertilized egg is then inserted

• Example: Dolly was a

• The first animal to be cloned from

• Edible vaccines are being

• It helps in formation of genetically

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