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Practical Research 1 Outline

The document provides an outline for a research methods course. It defines research and describes the characteristics of good research. Research involves investigating a topic through questioning to discover truths. Good research is timely, objective, relevant, accurate, coherent and systematic. The purpose of research is to learn independently and collaboratively while developing higher-order thinking skills. There are different types of research categorized by application, purpose, and data type. Both primary and secondary data sources are described. The document then focuses on qualitative research, outlining its characteristics, types, advantages, and disadvantages.

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CharlesVincentGalvadoresCarbonell
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5K views

Practical Research 1 Outline

The document provides an outline for a research methods course. It defines research and describes the characteristics of good research. Research involves investigating a topic through questioning to discover truths. Good research is timely, objective, relevant, accurate, coherent and systematic. The purpose of research is to learn independently and collaboratively while developing higher-order thinking skills. There are different types of research categorized by application, purpose, and data type. Both primary and secondary data sources are described. The document then focuses on qualitative research, outlining its characteristics, types, advantages, and disadvantages.

Uploaded by

CharlesVincentGalvadoresCarbonell
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© © All Rights Reserved
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PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 OUTLINE

PART 1
RESEARCH
 is a process of executing various mental acts for discovering and examining facts
and information to prove the accuracy or truthfulness of your claims or conclusion
about the topic of your research.
 it requires you to inquire or investigate about your chosen research topic by
asking questions .
 make you engage in top-level thinking of strategies of interpreting, analyzing,
synthesizing, criticizing, appreciating, or creating to enable you to discover truths
about many things you tend to wonder about the topic of your research
(Litchman, 2013).
 is analogous to inquiry, in that both involve investigation of something through
questioning.

CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH (TORACS)


 Timeliness- It must work on a topic that is fresh, new and interesting to the
present society.
 Objectivity- It must deal with facts, not with mere opinions arising from
assumptions, generalizations, predictions, or conclusion.
 Relevance- Its topics must be instrumental in improving society or in solving
problems affecting the lives of people in a community.
 Accuracy- It must give correct or accurate data, which the footnotes, notes and
bibliographical entries should honestly and appropriately documented or
acknowledged.
 Coherence/Clarity- It must succeed in expressing its central point or discoveries
by using simple, connected, direct, concise, and correct language.
 Systematic- It must take place in an organized or orderly manner.

PURPOSE OF RESEARCH
 To learn how to work independently (in individual research) and dependently with
team/group (in collaborative/group research).
 To learn how work scientifically or systematically.
 To have an in-depth knowledge of something.
 To elevate your mental abilities by letting you think in higher-order thinking
strategies (HOTS) of inferring, evaluating, synthesizing, appreciating, applying,
and creating.
 To improve your reading and writing skills.
 To be familiar with the basic tools of research and various techniques of
gathering data and of presenting research findings.

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 To free yourself, to a certain extent, from the domination or strong influence of a
single textbook or of the professor’s lone of viewpoint or spoon feeding.
TYPES OF RESEARCH
1. Based on Application of Research
 Pure Research- aims to increase your knowledge about something that deals
with concepts, principles, or abstract things.
 Applied Research- application of chosen research to societal problems or
issues.
2. Based on Purpose of Research
 Descriptive Research- aims at defining/describing or giving verbal portrayal or
picture of a person, thing, event, group, situation, etc.
 Correlational Research- shows relationship or connectedness of two factors,
circumstances, or agents called variables that affects the research.
 Explanatory Research- elaborates or explains not just the reasons behind the
relationship of two factors, but also the ways by which such relationship exists.
 Exploratory Research- its purpose is to find out or discover how reasonable or
possible it is to conduct a research study on a certain topic.
 Action Research- studies an ongoing practice/s of a school, organization,
community, or institution for the purpose of obtaining results that will bring
improvements in the system.
3. Based on Types of Data Needed
 Qualitative Research- requires non-numerical data, which means that the
research uses words rather than number to express the results, the inquiry or
investigation about people’s thoughts, beliefs, feelings, views and lifestyle
regarding the object of the study.
 Quantitative Research- involves measurement of data. Thus, it presents
research findings referring to the number of frequency of something in numerical
forms.

TYPES OF DATA
 Primary Data- obtained through direct observation or contact with people,
objects, artifacts, paintings, etc. (new and original information resulting from
sensory experience)
 Secondary Data- have already been written about or reported on and are
available for reading purposes.

APPROACHES TO RESEARCH

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 Scientific or Positive Approach- discover and measure information as well as
observe and control variables in an impersonal manner; uses numbers to
express data. This method is appropriate for quantitative research.
 Naturalistic Approach- uses words (non-numerical data) which directs you to deal
with qualitative data that speaks of how people behave toward their
surroundings.
 Triangulation Approach- combination of two approaches on which requires you to
gather and analyze data using multiple methods.

PART 2
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
 puts premium or high value on people’s thinking or point of view (perception)
conditioned by personal traits.
 subjectivity in this research is true because it involves personal involvement in
every stage of your research (Coghan, 2014).
 the reality is conditioned by society and people’s intention are involved in
explaining cause-effect relationship (act of inquiry or investigation of real-life
events.)

CHARACTERISTICS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH


 One of the characteristic of qualitative research is the “Human Understanding
and Interpretation” where data analysis results shown an individual’s mental,
social, and spiritual understanding of the world.
 “Active, power, and forceful” is a characteristic of qualitative research where a
lot of changes occur continuously in every stage of a qualitative research. As you
go through the research process, you find the need to amend or rephrase
interview questions and consider varied ways of getting answers.
 “Multiple research approaches and methods” is also a unique characteristic
of research wherein it allows the researcher to approach or plan the study in
varied ways.
 Another characteristic of research is the “Specificity to generalization” wherein
the specific ideas in a qualitative research are directed to a general undertaking
of something or it follows an inductive or scientific method of thinking.
 Another sole characteristic of Qualitative Research is the “Contextualization” in
which it involves all the variables, factors, or conditions affecting the study. Your
goal here is to understand the human behavior.
 “Diversified data in real-life situations” in qualitative research prefers the
collection of data in a natural setting like observing people as they live and work,
analyzing photographs or videos.

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 Qualitative research “Abounds with words and visuals”. Words, words, and
more words come in big quantity in this kind of research like data gathering
through interviews, reading books, searches from the library or even internet.
 “Internal Analysis”. Here, you examine the data yielded by the internal traits of
the subject individual. You study people’s perception or views about the topic, not
the physical existence on your study.

TYPES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH


 Case Study- usually takes place in the field of social care, nursing, psychology,
rehabilitation centers, education, etc. This involves a long-term study of a person,
group, organization, or situation.
 Ethnography- falling in the field of anthropology, ethnography is the study of
particular cultural group to get a clear understanding of its organizational set-up,
internal operation, and lifestyle.
 Phenomenology- coming from the word “phenomenon”, which means
something known through sensory experience; refers to the study of how people
find their experiences meaningful (death of love ones, handicapped persons,
friendliness of people).
 Content and Discourse Analysis- requires an analysis or examination of the
substance or content of the mode of communication (letters, books, journals,
photos, video recordings, SMS, online messages, emails, etc.) used by person,
group, organization, or any institutions in communicating.
 Historical Analysis- examination of primary documents to make you understand
the connection of past events to the present time.
 Grounded Theory- takes place when you discover a new theory to underlie your
study at the time of data collection and analysis.

ADVANTAGES/STRENGTHS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH


 It adopts a naturalistic approach to its subject matter, which means that those
involve in the research understand things based on what they find meaningful.
 It promotes a full understanding of human behavior or personality traits in their
natural setting.
 It is instrumental for positive societal change.
 It engenders respect for people’s individuality as it demands the researcher’s
careful and attentive stand toward people’s world views.
 It is a way of understanding and interpreting social interactions.
 It increases the researcher’s interest in the study as it includes the researcher’s
experience or background knowledge in interpreting verbal and visual data.
 It offers multiple ways of acquiring and examining knowledge about something.

DISADVANTAGES/WEAKNESSES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

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 It involves a lot of researchers’ subjectivity in data analysis.
 It is hard to know the validity or reliability of the data.
 It is open-ended questions yield “data overload” that requires long-time analysis.
 It is time-consuming.
 It involves several processes, which results greatly depend on the researchers’
views or interpretations.

REFERENCES
 Baraceros, E., 2016, Practical Research 1 First Edition, Rex Books Store
Publishing Company, pp. 1-27
 googlescholar.com
 Curriculum Guide

Summarized and prepared by:

CHARLES VINCENT G. CARBONELL


ISULAN NHS- SHS Teacher

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