FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY-DILIMAN

Sampaguita Avenue, Mapayapa Village

Diliman, Quezon City, 1101 Metro Manila

A Comparative Study between the Effectiveness of the Online and Written Reviewer of

Grade 12 STEM Students in Far Eastern University-Diliman

A Qualitative Research

presented to

The Senior High School Department

In Partial Fulfillment of the Course

Practical Research 2

Presented by:
Furigay, Roy Jones
Lara, King Andrei
Sonza, Arvie
Garcia, Phoebe Ryna B.
Gesite, Tricia Mae
Limoso, Alliana Michaela C.
Luna, Divine Grace

Submitted to:

Ms. Romarien Manaois

INTRODUCTION

The development of the technology in the 21st century has been changing rapidly as well

as the benefits it provides are increasing in number. The use of devices such as tablets, iPad and

Laptop have changed the industry from printed books to eBooks that is available in the given

devices as an application. This technology has also been introduced to school curriculum to meet

the needs of the 21st century readers. As the digitally format books have some advantages over

type-written books, this production has driven people to purchase this device that has digital format

books. The individuals who inclined toward the digital books frequently state that the gadget takes

a mess of weight from their shoulders literally. Studies have demonstrated that with regards to

persuing comprehension, printed books are as yet a superior decision. One such investigation

directed by the Joan Ganz Cooney Center at Sesame Workshop shows that literacy building in

children is more effective with a printed book than with an eBook because of the centralized focus

on the story and the opportunities for interaction between the child and the parent reading the book

with the child.

It is crucial to determine which is more effective. An example of this is when a student is

having their quiz tomorrow. Some students prefer written reviewer because through writing the

students will easily remember it. While online reviewer is practical because the students will just

only login through canvas and there are provided notes for them. This is why the researchers are

extinguishing which is more effective.

method plays an important part in determining its efficiency for the students. An eBook is an

electronic version of a traditional print book that can be read by using a personal computer or by

using an eBook reader. (Rouse 2005) In addition, eBook or digital book is an advance device that

are not made only for students but also for adults or book worms. Anyhow, what is a book? A

book is a physical book that has the text, images, etc., printed on paper. The pages are bound

together, and the book has either a hardcover or soft cover (paperback). Without this method a

developed one can’t be made like the new technology which is the eBook. The single most

important difference is that print books have static layouts that once printed do not change, whereas

eBook have dynamic layouts. This is because most eBooks are formatted with re-flowable text.

According to eBook launch 2019, Re-flowable text is “the ability to automatically wrap

words in a document to the next line as the user changes the window size and thereby relocates the

right margin of the page”. With print, you control the layout. The words appear on the printed page

exactly where you want them to appear. With eBooks, there is no “page.” By giving up the control

of the printed page, the readers gain much more in return.

According to Byars M. (2015) The majority of participants do read on a weekly basis for

both school related activities as well as for personal pleasure. When asked for general reading

purposes the majority of participants also claimed that they would choose a printed book over an

e-reader. While there were some people that did choose e-books as their desired platform to read

on, there were only 18% of participants that had completed an e-book in over the past year.

Moreover, it can be also concluded that the price is definitely a factor when people choose e-books

over printed books, e-books can at time be more cost effective than purchasing a printed book.

66.7% of people agreed that cost was a definitive factor in the influence of buying an e-book over
a printed book. Compared to the people that choose to read off of printed books, the majority of

those participants (83.1%) agreed that price was not a factor.

The study focuses on the identification of which is more efficient in terms of academics

between written and online reviewer. In which, the researchers will determine the difference

between the two. The main beneficiary of this study are the grade 12 STEM students of FEU

Diliman specially for examinations. Moreover, Teachers would also benefit from this study, for

they can use it for the betterment of their way of teaching. The study will take place at Far Eastern

University Diliman. The only respondents involved in this research are the grade 12 students of

Senior High-school department from Far Eastern University Diliman.

Moreover, this research will be conducted to determine the reason for technology shift

regarding the books that this generation is currently into. A lot of people is favored in using books

as their source of information academically but as time goes by, school curricula are changing their

way of using such methods for they believed that these digital books were more advanced and

beneficial for the students in this generation. In addition, this study would provide tips and

solutions regarding the uncertainty of the effectiveness of using this advance technology.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The main problem of this research is to determine the difference between Online and

Written Reviewer of Grade 12 STEM Students in Far Eastern University - Diliman to determine

which method is much more effective for students in studying. This study also aims to know the

different techniques of Grade 12 stem students in reviewing as well as the difference of a Written

reviewer from Online reviewer.

The main objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of written and online

reviewer to the academic performance of grade 12 STEM students in FEU Diliman University.

Specially, this study aims:

1. To find out the relationship of written and online reviewer to the Grade 12 students.

2. To determine the difference of using written reviewer and an online reviewer.

3. To identify which method is much more effective for the Grade 12 students.

HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDY

The researchers have come up with an idea that there is no significant difference between

online and written reviewer in terms of their effectiveness for students while studying. Moreover,

their effectiveness depends on the eagerness to learn and the way the students used to study.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS

The study will focus on significant reviewer of the senior high school students of Far

Eastern University - Diliman between online and written. The research undertaking will be finding

respondent from one (1) strand: Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM),

academic year 2019-2020. The researchers will be gathering data from this strand only.

The study will discover what is more utilize way of learning from the students. In addition,

the focus of the study is to determine the difference between online and written reviewers. It

delimits that the study may not generalizable to the students who are not using any reviewers.
 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study is to be conducted to determine the difference and comparison of an online

reviewer and a written reviewer. It focuses in the effectiveness of each method, as well as the

perspective of students in its application. The researchers should be able to produce results that

will set as a guide to help the students.

Furthermore, this study will be beneficial to the following:

Students. The direct beneficiary of this research is the Grade 12 STEM Students of Far

Eastern University- Diliman. It aims to give techniques and ways on how would they utilize in

reviewing using their chosen tool as a reviewer. Also, this can be a way of the students who are

timid when it comes to preparing for their academic performance tasks.

Teachers. The study will be beneficial to the teachers for it would give them awareness

regarding the effectiveness of online and written reviewer in the academic performances of the

grade 12 STEM students. It aims to disseminate techniques and tips that would help the students

improve their performance in school.

Future Researchers. The results of this study will serve as a basis or a reference material

for future researchers who would like to conduct the same study.
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter provides an in depth literature and studies related to the research undertaking.

It includes foreign and local references gathered from previous journals, reports, theses, articles

and reports aimed to support the study. This chapter discusses American Research Institute for

Policy Development, Electronic books or print books for increase reading comprehension and

vocabulary acquisition in third grade students, a comparison of the influence of electronic books

and paper books on reading comprehension, eye fatigue and perception, Printed books vs Digital

books.

Textbooks: ebook vs print (Vol. 3). American Research Institute for Policy Development.

Books are an integral part of people’s lives. They provide the foundation of learning from

an early age and continue to grow with people throughout their adult lives. The purpose of a book

is to convey information. Whether that information be intellectually driven or for personal reasons,

books are always going to be a part of people’s lives. However, the appearance of books has taken

a drastic change within the past couple of years. Transitioning over to a digital age, books are no

exception. While many readers are familiar with printed books, e-books are a relatively new option

when considering the format of reading. With all of the advances being made in technology to

make lives easier and more efficient, the printing industry could be in danger of having people

choose a digital lifestyle over a printed one. When examining print books versus e-books, reader

must choose which they like best, and what options go into making that decision.
Electronic books or print books for increase reading comprehension and vocabulary

acquisition in third grade students. Arcata, United States.

The internet and other technologies have proven to be powerful new tools in the classroom

as nation seek to prepare children for their future in an information age (Leu 2000). For many

students, electronic books (e-books) can promote increased reading engagement, comprehension

and vocabulary development (Bickel 2017). As Buckley and Johnson (Buckley & Johnson, 2013)

mention, “more students and faculty [are] using portable electronic devices, and eBook databases

now provide more downloading capabilities.” However, students still prefer print versions of

textbooks although eBooks are usually cheaper to purchase. Kolowich (Kolowich, Pumping the e-

brakes, 2011) states, “e-textbooks show signs of finally gaining traction, although they still account

for a smaller share of all textbook

purchases than any method of acquiring a print textbook.” (Adeel Khalid 2014)

A comparison of the influence of electronic books and paper books on reading

comprehension, eye fatigue and perception. Department of Education, Chongshin

University, Seoul, South Korea.

A number of research studies have used reading comprehension, accuracy, and speed to

investigate the effect of e-books and p-books on reading performance. The debate has been largely

fuelled by the seemingly irreconcilable differences between critics such as Birkerts (1994) and

Sanders (1994), who believe that e-books ultimately diminish the personal growth of individuals,

and advocates such as Spiro and Jehng (1990), who believe that navigating online texts can build

cognitive flexibility.
Printed books vs Digital books. California Polytechnic State University.

A study by Macedo-Rouet et al. (2003) presented findings from 47 undergraduate

university students. It revealed that e-book readers obtained slightly lower comprehension scores

than p-book readers. Interestingly, the researchers found that the comprehension decrease was

limited to questions concerning complementary documents, or documents that were not

immediately visible on the computer screen but had to be selected through a menu. They reported

that e-book readers needed time to perform mouse clicks to go from one page to another and

needed to use the scroll bar while reading (Macedo-Rouet et al., 2003). In a more recent UK study,

Grimshaw and Dungworth (2004) investigated 9-10 year-old students’ use of e-books and

compared it to their use of p-books. The researchers found no significant difference between the

reading comprehension scores of children reading the electronic versions and those.

Ebooks vs. Print Books: Readers’ Choices and Preferences Across Contexts.

In 2011, it has been reported by amazon that the purchases of ebooks had surpassed the sales of

printed books. The increase of ebook sales and popularity, had caused to the declination of people to printed

books. This signalled to the change in the way people seek information (Gibson & Gibb 2011; Hamblen,

2011). A recent survey from Paw Center for Internet Research in December 2011 showed that Americans

age 16 and older had read some form of digital content within the previous years. Additionally, 17% of all

readers reported reading at least one ebook in 2011, a figure that increased to 23% in 2012 (Ranis et al.

(2012) reported that there had been a corresponding decrease in the percentage of Americans reading print

books (from 78% in 2011 to 75% in 2012).

METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, the research design, participants, data collection method, research

instruments, conceptual and theoretical framework and procedure for data analysis are presented.

This part of the research undertaking discussed the research design that was used, as well as the

participants, the methodology for data collection, the research instruments used and procedure for

data analysis that guided the whole study.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

The replacement of eBooks from printed books has been the biggest question in this

generation. Where in the growth of technology is rapidly increasing worldwide as well as the

advancements of these devices. This technology shift has been studied by media researches for

decades, based on the differences and similarities of each medium, such as appearance, method of

use and function. “Since functional equivalence is based on the assumption that a new medium

provides the same gratifications or benefits as the old, it is imperative that studies using this

framework specify the functions of the media very carefully” (Robinson & Martin, 2009).

The theory named ‘Diffusion of Innovation’ proposed by Everett Rogers (1962)

developed one of the oldest social science theories the Diffusion of Innovation Theory. The theory

explained how an idea or product gains momentum and spreads throughout a specific location. It

was said in this theory that people, as a part of the social organization, learns how to adopt new

ideas, behaviour or product. Adoption is an act of perceiving the idea or product as new or

innovative. However, adoption of ideas, behaviour or products does not happen easily in a social

organization, for some people learns to adopt the innovation than others.
 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Independent Dependent

 Online Reviewers  Effectiveness on

 Written Reviewers Grade 12 Stem

Students

Definition of Terms

Print books. It is a physical book that has text, images, etc., printed on paper (John,2013).

eBooks. It is a text presented in a format which allows it to be read on a computer or

I hand held device (Emma Yates, 2001).

Effectiveness. Degree to which objectives are achieved and the extent to which targeted

problems are solved (businessdictionary.com, 2019).

Analysis. Refers to the process of evaluating data using analytical and logical reasoning to

examine each component of the data provided (businessdictionary.com, 2019).

Benefits. Refers to a thing that produces good or helpful outcome.

Convenience. A quality of being useful, practical, or easy for someone.

The researchers used Descriptive and Correlation research design. Descriptive research

method can be explained as a statement of affairs as they are at the present with the researchers

having no control over variable. In this method, the researchers used an open-ended survey that is

randomly picked grade 12 students in Far Eastern University Diliman year 2019-2020 to identify

and determine the effectiveness in term of academic performances.

On the other hand, Correlation research is a non-experimental research method, in which

the researcher is looking for two variables, understands and assess the statistical relationship

between the topic with no influence from any other variable. This method was used in the study

perfectly to compare variables and identify the efficiency of an online reviewer from a written

reviewer among the Grade – 12 stem students of FEU Diliman

RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY

The researchers will ask the participants through survey. Hence, every participant are

Grade 12 stem students who study at FEU Diliman and ever experienced to review online and

study with written reviewer. In finding participant, simple random sampling was employed

considering its ease of use and its accurate representation of the larger population.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS

The researchers will use a survey questionnaire where in the students will fill up his/her

sex; the date when she/he answered, this will determine what time did he/she answered the survey;

from what section he/she belongs to; Class number, to make sure the tally is not doubled.
 The Grade 12 STEM students of Far Eastern University Diliman S.Y. 2019 – 2020 are the

respondents of the survey. In which they would be asked about Advantages and Disadvantages of

Written or Online Reviewer as well as the effects of it on their academic performance. For the

result identification, the researchers would identify which method is more effective for the students

in terms of their performance in school.

DATA GATHERING METHOD

The idea of the title is related to the current system of schools nowadays, the use of gadgets

and books academically. In terms of examinations or test, every depends on reviewers. The

researchers had conducted multiple attempts for the title and had been exactly modified to the

given study. Specially with the help of the other researchers, the topic had been easy to clarify for

the readers.

The content of the research paper had been acquired by gathering different data from other

Related studies with reliable articles. In which, are used to create a more precise solution with the

topic, Effectiveness of Written and Online reviewer to the Grade 12 – Stem Students.

After the collection of data, the researchers will conduct a survey in a form of

questionnaires, mainly focused on the study effectiveness of written and online reviewer to the

Grade 12 – Stem Students. In which, the students will be asked about the effects of each method

in their academic performance. Given the possible ways to gather data for the study, the researchers

had prepared well to accumulate the data given by every process and to have it analyzed

accordingly.
 METHODS OF DATA ANALYSIS

The answers on the questionnaires that will provide will analyze using Descriptive and

Inferential analysis.

The Descriptive analysis will utilize by the researchers to provide a brief summary of why

the respondents want to study using written or online reviewer while Inferential analysis will use

to determine whether the findings from the sample can generalize - or be applied - to the entire

population.

Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient will use to measure and study the strength of

association between written and online reviewer.

RESEARCH LOCALE AND TIME

The study will be conducted at Far Eastern University Diliman located at Sampaguita

Avenue, Mapayapa Village, Brgy. Pasong Tamo, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101 Metro Manila. The

surveys would be distributed during the lunch break or Vacant of the Grade 12 students of Far

Eastern University Diliman S.Y. 2019 – 2020.

 Yates, E. (2001). Ebooks: a beginner's guide. Retrieved from

https://www.theguardian.com/books/2001/dec/19/ebooks

 LaMorte, W. (2019). Diffusion of Innovation Theory. Retrieved from

http://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/MPH-

Modules/SB/BehavioralChangeTheories/BehavioralChangeTheories4.html

 Khalid, A. (2014). Textbooks: ebook vs print (Vol. 3). American Research Institute for Policy

Development. Retrieved from http://jehdnet.com/journals/jehd/Vol_3_No_2_June_2014/13.pdf

 Bickel, J. M. (2017). Electronic books or print books for increase reading comprehension and

vocabulary acquisition in third grade students. Arcata, United States. Retrieved from

https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1067&context=etd

 Jeong, H. (2010) A comparison of the influence of electronic books and paper books on reading

comprehension, eye fatigue and perception. Department of Education, Chongshin University,

Seoul, South Korea.

 John (2019). Similarities and Differences Between Print Books and Ebooks. Retrieved

from https://ebooklaunch.com/what-are-the-differences-between-a-print-book-and-an-

ebook-with-re-flowable-text/

 Byars, M. (2015) Printed books vs Digital books. California Polytechnic State University.

Retrievedfrom.

http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1147&context=grcsp

 Dearing, J. (2009). Applying Diffusion of Innovation Theory to Intervention Development.

Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2957672/

population.

 Goel, T. (2017). Why We Need Learning Theories.

http://tarunagoel.blogspot.com/2017/08/why-we-need-learning-theories.html

 Robinson & Martin (2009). Ebooks vs. Print Books: Readers’ Choices and Preferences

Across Contexts.