COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

Sector:
CONSTRUCTION
Qualification:
SHIELDED METAL ARC WELDING (SMAW) NC I
Unit of Competency:
Use Hand Tools
Module Title:
Using Hand Tools.

FERNANDEZ COLLEGE OF ARTS & TECHNOLOGY

Gil Carlos St., Baliwag, Bulacan
 HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

Welcome to the module in Shiekded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) NC I. This

module contains training materials and activities for you to complete.

The unit of competency “Use Hand Tools “

contains knowledge, skills and attitudes required for a trainers course. It is one of the
specialized modules at SMAW NC I

You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to

complete each learning outcome of the module. In each learning outcome are
Information Sheets and Resources Sheets (Reference Materials for further reading to
help you better understand the required activities). Follow these activities on your
own and answer the self-check at the end of each learning outcome. You may
remove a blank answer sheet at the end of each module (or get one from your
facilitator/trainer) to write your answers for each self-check. If you have questions,
don‟t hesitate to ask your facilitator for assistance.

Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)

You may already have some or most of the knowledge and skills covered in
this learner's guide because you have:

 been working for some time

 already completed training in this area.

If you can demonstrate to your trainer that you are competent in a particular
skill or skills, talk to him/her about having them formally recognized so you don't
have to do the same training again. If you have a qualification or Certificate of
Competency from previous trainings, show it to your trainer. If the skills you acquired

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 are still current and relevant to the unit/s of competency they may become part of
the evidence you can present for RPL. If you are not sure about the currency of
your skills, discuss this with your trainer.

This module was prepared to help you achieve the required competency, in
Utilize Electronic Media in Facilitating Training. This will be the source of information
for you to acquire knowledge and skills in this particular trade independently and
at your own pace, with minimum supervision or help from your instructor.

 Talk to your trainer and agree on how you will both organize the
Training of this unit. Read through the module carefully. It is divided into
sections, which cover all the skills, and knowledge you need to
successfully complete this module.

 Work through all the information and complete the activities in each
section. Read information sheets and complete the self-check.
Suggested references are included to supplement the materials
provided in this module.

 Most probably your trainer will also be your supervisor or manager.

He/she is there to support you and show you the correct way to do
things.

 Your trainer will tell you about the important things you need to
consider when you are completing activities and it is important that
you listen and take notes.

 You will be given plenty of opportunity to ask questions and practice

on the job. Make sure you practice your new skills during regular work
shifts. This way you will improve both your speed and memory and also
your confidence.

 Talk to more experience workmates and ask for their guidance.

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  Use the self-check questions at the end of each section to test your
own progress. When you are ready, ask your trainer to watch you
perform the activities outlined in this module.

 As you work through the activities, ask for written feedback on your
progress. Your trainer keeps feedback/ pre-assessment reports for this
reason. When you have successfully completed each element, ask
your trainer to mark on the reports that you are ready for assessment.

 When you have completed this module (or several modules), and feel
confident that you have had sufficient practice, your trainer will
arrange an appointment with registered assessor to assess you. The
results of your assessment will be recorded in your competency
Achievement Record.

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 LIST OF COMPETENCIES

No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code

1 Apply Safety Practices Applying Safety Practices MEE721201

Interpret Drawings and Interpreting drawings and

2 MEE721202
Sketches sketches.
Perform Industry Performing industry
3 MEE721203
Calculations. calculations.
Contribute to Quality Contributing to quality system
4 MEE721204
System

5 Use Hand Tools Using of hand tools MEE721205

6 Prepare Weld Materials Preparing weld materials MEE721206

7 Set up Welding Equipment Setting up Welding Equipment MEE721207

8 Fit up Weld Materials Fitting up Weld Materials MEE721208

9 Repair Welds Repairing welds. MEE721209

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 MODULE OF INSTRUCTION

Qualification : Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) NC I

Unit of Competency : Use Hand Tools

Module Title : Using of Hand Tools

Introduction:

This module contains information and suggested learning activities on

SMAW NC II. It includes training materials and activities for you to complete.

Completion of this module will help you better understand the succeeding
modules.

This module consists of three learning outcomes. Each learning outcome

contains learning activities supported by each instruction sheets. Before you
perform the instructions read the information sheets and answer the self-check
and activities provided to as certain to yourself and your trainer that you have
acquired the knowledge necessary to perform the skill portion of the particular
learning outcome.

Upon completion of this module, report to your trainer for assessment to

check your achievement of knowledge and skills requirement of this module. If
you pass the assessment, you will be given a certificate of completion.

Learning Outcomes:

Upon completion of this module, the trainee/trainee must be able to:

LO1. Select hand tools.

LO2. Use hand tools

LO3. Maintain hand tools.

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 Performance Criteria:

1.1 Handling tools and materials

1.2 Communicating with superiors and co-workers .

1.3 Interpreting job specification and work order.

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 LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY

Learning Outcome 1 : Select hand tools.

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA :

1. Hand tools selected are appropriate to the requirements of the task.

2. Unsafe or defective tools are identified and marked for repair according to
procedure.

CONTENTS

1. Types and uses of hand tools

2. Hand tool defects

CONDITIONS:

The students/ trainee should be provided with:

 Hand tools
o Hacksaws
o Hammers (ball peen, chipping)
o Punches
o Screwdrivers
o Wrenches
o Scrapers
o Chisels
o Gouges
o Files
o Clamps

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  Supplies/materials
o - Pencil/paper
o - Reference books
o - Learning materials/module
o - OHP/transparencies
o - Video/multi-media materials

METHODOLOGIES:

 Lecture/demonstrations
 Self pace learning
 Group discussion

ASSESSMENT METHODS:

 Written/oral
 Direct observation
 Interview
 Demonstration

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 Learning Outcome 1 : Select Hand Tools
Learning Activities Special Instructions
1. Read Information Sheet 5.1-1 on If you have some problem on the
Visualizing Objects and Shapes content of the information sheet don’t
specifically geometric shapes. hesitate to approach your facilitator.

2. Answer Self Check 5.1-1 Check your answer with Answer Key

5.1-1

3. Read Information Sheet 5.1-2 on If you have some problem on the

Interpreting Formulas for Volume, content of the information sheet don’t
Areas, and Perimeters of Plane and hesitate to approach your facilitator
Geometric Figures.

4. Answer Self Check 5.1-2 Check your answer with Answer Key
5.1-2

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 Information Sheet 5.1-1

A tool is a device that can be used to produce an item or accomplish a

task, but that is not consumed in the process. It can be considered as extension of
the human hand thus increasing speed, power, and accuracy and on the other
hands equipment includes any machine powered by electricity
A list of common hand tools and their uses are provided with picture
illustration for your better comprehension.

Types and Uses of Hand Tools

(SMAW tools including but not limited to the following;)

1. Measuring tools

A tool use for measuring physical quantity of distance (ex. Push pull rule steel
tape, Caliper etc.. )

2. Holding tools

Tools for holding firmly any material that has to be cut. (ex. vise grip, C-
clamp and bench vise)

3. Cutting tools

In the context of machining, a cutting tool or cutter is any tool that is used to
remove material from the work piece by means of shear deformation(ex. hacksaw,
crosscut saw and rip saw)
 4. Driving Tools

Driving tools include a variety of steel tools used to install, repair and
maintain a variety of constructions. Drivers are used to drill, insert and drive screws,
nuts and bolts into surfaces with mechanical and manual force. Tools defined as
drivers include hammers, screwdrivers, mauls and sledges

Measuring Tools

Pull-push rule. This flexible rule when extended will support itself, but may
also be used to measure curved, irregular surfaces.
Steel tape rule blade is usually ½ inch wide and 72
inches long. The graduation is sixteenths, except
for the first 6 inches which are graduated in thirty-
seconds of an inch

Steel tape is similar to a steel tape rule except for its flexible number of feet
that are marked on the tape. The tape is 3/8 inch wide and available in lengths
from 25 to 100 feet.

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 Steel rule. This is the most common tool used in tool room. It is made of
tampered steel about 1/8 inch thick and ¾ inch wide and 6 to 12 inches long. The
same style maybe obtained in length from 1 to 48 inches. 

Try square is an instrument used to measure the square of an object.

Combination square. It is an instrument combined with 45°, 90° and a

protractor.

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 Micrometer caliper. Is a precision measuring instrument used to measure
dimensions in thousandths of an inch.

Vernier caliper is a precision measuring instrument used to measure the

inside, outside diameter, as well as depth of hole and slot.  Dividers. These are
used for measuring or setting of distances, and to lay out arcs and

Dividers. These are used for measuring or setting of distances, and to lay out
arcs and circles.

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 Holding Tools

Vise-Grips or Locking Pliers are pliers that can be locked into position, using
an over-center toggle action. One side of the
handle includes a bolt that is used to adjust the
spacing of the jaws, the other side of the handle
(especially in larger models) often includes a
lever to push the two sides of the handles apart
to unlock the pliers. Locking pliers are available
in many different configurations, such as needle-
nose locking pliers, locking wrenches, locking clamps and various shapes to fix
metal parts for welding. They also come in many sizes

Bench vise (American English) or vice (British English) is a mechanical

apparatus used to secure an object to allow work to be
performed on it. Vises have two parallel jaws, one fixed
and the other movable, threaded in and out by
a screw and lever

Drill vise is a sturdy steel vise with movable jaw that easily goes back or forth
by raising the handle

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 Hand vise V block with clamp is used to hold metal stocks for small
machining operation

Clamps are made of different sizes and appearance that are fitted to its
purpose. These devices have been designed to hold work securely which
performing skills through grinding, bending, fitting and cutting of metals. Some
types of clamps and metal vises are:

1. C-clamp or G-clamp is a type of clamp device typically used to hold

a wood or metal work piece, and often used in, but are not limited to,
carpentry and welding. Often believed that these clamps are called "C"
clamps because of their C-shaped frame, or also often called C-
clamps or G-clamps because including the screw part they are shaped
like an uppercase letter g, but in fact they were originally called a
carriage makers clamp, or Carriage Clam

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 2. Tool maker clamp is used for holding small parts both at the bench and
at the machine. This tool is also known as a parallel clamp

Tong is used to hold the metal to be forged and must be held securely while
working.

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 Pliers are used for holding, cutting and twisting wires

o Combination Pliers

o Slide Cutting Pliers

o Long Nose Pliers

o Slop Joint Pliers/ Mechanical Pliers

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 Cutting Tools

Hacksaw is a fine-toothed saw, originally and mainly made for cutting metal.

Most hacksaws are hand saws with a C-shaped frame that holds
a blade under tension. Such hacksaws
have a handle, usually a pistol grip, with
pins for attaching a narrow disposable
blade. The frames may also be
adjustable to accommodate blades of
different sizes. A screw or other
mechanism is used to put the thin blade
under tension.

On hacksaws, as with most frame

saws, the blade can be mounted with
the teeth facing toward or away from the handle, resulting in cutting action on
either the push or pull stroke.

Blade. It is made of thin, high grade steel usually 1.27 mm thick and 30.48cm
long with an inclined row of teeth serving as cutter.

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 The two types of blades are:

a. All hard In this type, the entire blade is hardened and tempered, making
it very brittle. Use this type in cutting steel and cast iron.

B Flexible back. In this type, only the teeth portion is hardened and
tempered, making the blade springy and less likely to break.

The following are the recommended teeth-per-inch of blades for different

kinds of stocks to be cut: a. 14 teeth-per-inch. It is used for brass, aluminum, cast
iron and soft iron. b. 18 teeth-per-inch. It is used for drill rod, mild steel, tool steel
and general work c. 24 teeth-per-inch. It is recommended for thin tubing and pipe.

Files are made of high grade steel which are hardened and tempered.
Each file has rows of teeth that form, shape and finish metal by removing small
chips and smoothing rough edges of the metal surface. They differ in length,
shape, cut and coarseness.

Kinds of files:
1. Mill file a single-cut file used for filing and finishing brass and bronze.

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 2. Flat file is usually rectangular in shape and tapered slightly in width and
thickness. It is one of the most commonly used files for general work.

3. Square file is intended for filing square or rectangular holes.

4. Round file is used primarily for enlarging holes.

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 5. Half-round file is used for filing curved or concave surfaces

6. A triangular file is used for filing surfaces that meet at least 90º. It is
exclusively used for sharpening wood saws and for smoothening
rectangular opening. It is also known as three square file.

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 Cold chisel. A wedge-shaped tool used to shear, cut, and chip metal .

Types of cold chisel and their particular functions:

1. Flat chisel is used for chipping flat surfaces; cutting off rivets or metal
fasteners, thin sheets, and small bars; and for general purposes. Its cutting
edge ranges from 13 to 25mm.

2. Cape chisel has a narrow edge suited for cutting narrow grooves or slots.

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 3. Diamond-point chisel has a diamond-shaped cutting edge intended to
cut V grooves

o Round-nose chisel has a round nose cutting edge for cutting round and
semi-circular grooves.

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 Scraper is used in removing points, burrs and sharp edges from metal
surface and similar parts. This tool is made of hardened steel of various shapes that
fit according to each purpose. There are bearing scrapes, flat, sharper, three-
connected scraper.

1. . For the removal of the high spots on metal surface.

2. For scraping the surface of cylindrical bearing when fitting shafts into place.

3. For the removal of burrs and sharp internal edges from soft brushing and
similar parts

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 Punches, are used for permanent marking on the surface of metal

Kinds of Punches;

1. Prick punch A small center punch which is also known as a layout

puncher. Its point is placed an angle of 30 degrees.

2. Center punch has one end guard to a 90 degrees conical point.

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 Driving Tools

Hammers

1. Ball peen hammer is used for straightening bending and deforming

metals. It has two faces. One is flat in striking cold chisels and punches. The
other side the “peen” is rounded for bending and shaping metals. Ball peen
hammer generally has a wood or fiberglass handle measuring 10-16 inches
long. Head weight ranges from 2-48 oz. A 20oz hammer is good for general
purpose

2. Chipping hammer is used for removing slag on weld and with two faces,
the tapered from one side and round pointed on the other side.

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 Wrench is used for loosening and tightening light and heavy nuts and bolts.
There are different kinds and sizes of wrenches designed according to uses and
functions

1. An adjustable wrench has a movable jaw which makes it adjustable to

various sizes of nuts. A heavy type of adjustable wrench is the monkey/pipe
wrench

Adjustable Wrench Pipe Wrench

2. Oxy acetylene wrench- A type of wrench used for tightening hose and
fitting connection on oxy-acetylene unit

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 3. An open-ended wrench is one that is made to fit one size of nut or
bolt. This is the most inexpensive type of wrench that is quite efficient
in ordinary situations.

4. A closed-end wrench is similar to a single ended wrench, but as it

entirely encloses a nut, there is a little danger of the wrench slipping
off the nut or the jaws spreading apart.

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 5. Socket wrench is a tool with a usually interchangeable socket to fit
over a nut or bolt.

Screwdriver is hand tool that is designed to turn screws. The blade is made of
steel, attached to one end of a wooden or plastic handle. The other end is
flattened to fit slots in the heads of screws on bolts. The other kinds of screw drivers
are called a Phillips screw driver and helical-ratchet screw driver

Flattened

Philips

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 Electrical Equipment (Power Grinder)

Grinder s a cutting tool which is driven by an electric motor

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 Self Check 5.1-1

Part I. Directions: Identify the following hand tools below.

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

6. 8. 9.

10. 11. 12.

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 Part II I. Directions: Match Column A with Column B. Write only the letter of the
correct answer

Column A Column B

1. A measuring tool used to measure a. Hacksaw

squareness of an object. b. Cold chisel
c. Try Square
2. Tools used for measuring or setting d. Flat file
of distances, and to lay out arcs e. Divider
and circles.

3. Rectangular in shape and

tampered slightly in width and
thickness. It is the most
commonly used files for general
work.

4. It is used for chipping flat surfaces,

cutting of rivets or metal fasteners,
thin sheets, small bars; and for
general purposes.

5. The most common tool used in

tool room. It is made of tampered
steel about 1/8 inch thick and ¾
inch wide and 6 to 12 inches long

Part III Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. A tooth cutting tool usually with the solid and adjustable frame.
A. Hacksaw B. Screw driver C. Hammer D. Wrench

2. Tool used for loosening and tightening light and heavy nuts and bolts.
A. Hacksaw B. Screw driver C. Hammer D. Wrench

3. This tool is used to tighten and loosen screws by pushing or pulling screws in a
rotating manner.
A. Hacksaw B. Screw driver C. Hammer D. Wrench

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 Answer Key 5.1-1
Part I
1. Pull Push Rule
2. . Vise Grip
3. Oxy Acetylene Wrench
4. Chipping Hammer
5. Flat Chisel
6. Tong
7. Adjustable Wrench
8. Socket Wrench
9. Pipe Wrench
10. Bench Vise
11. Hack Saw
12. G – Clamp

Part II

1. C
2. e
3. d
4. b
5. a
Part III

1. A
2. D
3. B

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 Information Sheet 5.1-2

Hand Tool Defect

There are many ways of identifying hand tools. One of these is to identify
them according to their function. However, awareness of defective and non-
defective hand tools is a primordial concern of workers/welders to be effective in
their jobs.

Below are the recommended practices to identify defective and non-

defective hand tools.

1. Visual inspection: Defective tools can easily be distinguished from the

functional ones through visual inspection. The physical appearance of tools
will describe such characteristics as dullness, sharpness, dismantled parts,
and unevenness of the teeth of the cutting tools.

Take the time to look for the following:

 Loose, cracked, or splintered handles. If a wooden handle is damaged, it is

prone to breaking during use, which can cause injury to you or others. If a
handle is not splintered too badly, you can probably sand it down just fine.
Sand against the grain first if the handle is really rough and then sand with
the grain until it's smooth enough you can run your hand along it without
feeling any chips or splinters. Finish off with a coating of linseed oil. However,
if the handle is cracked or heavily splintered, you'll need to replace it.

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  Corrosion and rust. Depending on the level of corrosion or rust, the tool may
be unsafe to use. Try removing the rust or just replace the too if the damage
is great.

 Cracked housing on power tools. If a power tool has anything more than a
simple hairline crack on the housing, don't use it. Unless you have the
expertise to repair it, you'll need to get it repaired by a professional.

 Power tools that don't start easily. If your tool needs a couple of tries to get
going or a little "push" to get the blade spinning, don't use it. Take the time to
clean and lubricate it and if that doesn't solve the problem, get it repaired.
There are some fixes you can take on yourself, such as replacing a belt on a
sander or maybe fitting in a new switch or power cord. But if you're not 100%
sure you're up to the repair, take it to a pro.

 Frayed insulation or exposed wires. Obviously, these are electrical hazards.

While some electrical tape might take care of a small problem temporarily,
it's best to have the tool repaired before using it

2. Functionality: Another way is to check the quality of the manufactured tools.

Is it already susceptible to wear and tear? Has it already exceeded its service
life? Has it passed the manufacturer’s quality control test? A few pieces of the
hand tools issued in the shop can be subjected for Condemnation if they are
no longer serviceable.

3. Performance: Performance of hand tools is determined not only during the

actual use but also after use to find out whether the hand tools are still worth
using.

4. Service span: Hand tools that are issued must be recorded to determine
when it was received and how long the tools have been kept in the tool room.
A hand tool which is too old is unsafe for both the students and workers. Such
tool should be marked defective and segregated from the good ones

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 Self-Check 5.1-2

Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Defective hand tools are kept and ___________.

A) marked as defective. B) Mixed together with non-defective tools.

C) put anywhere in the shop. D) Sold in the junk shop

2. One way of checking whether hand tools are defective or non-defective is the___________.

1. Length of service

11. Trade mark of the manufacturer

111. Physical appearance

A. 1 only C. 111 only

B. 11 only D. 1, 11, and 111

3. Which is determined after the operation of a hand tool is tested?

A.) Service span B.) Performance

C.) Physical appearance D.) Repair Maintenance

4. All defective hand tools with major defects are subjected to _________.

1. Repair

11. Condemnation

111. Display/sample

A. 1 only C. 111 only

B. 11 only D. 1, 11, and 111

5. Service span of a tool pertains to _________.

A) Maintenance schedule B) determining when the tool is acquired

C) functionality of a tool D) defectiveness of a tool

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 Answer Key 5.1-2

1. A.
2. C
3. B
4. B
5. B

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 LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY

Learning Outcome 2 : Use hand tools..

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA :

1. Hand tools are used to produce the desired outcomes to job

specifications.

2. Task performed in accordance with company or industry safety

procedure

CONTENTS

1. Procedures in using different hand tools

Tasks:
o Adjusting
o Dismantling
o Assembling
o Finishing of item or components

CONDITION:

The students/ trainee should be provided with:

 Hand tools
 Hacksaws
 Hammers (ball peen, chipping)
 Punches
 Screwdrivers
 Wrenches
 Scrapers
 Chisels
 Gouges
 Files

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  Clamps

 Supplies/materials
o - Pencil/paper
o - Reference books
o - Learning materials/module

METHODOLOGIES:

 Lecture/demonstrations
 Self-pace learning
 Group discussion

ASSESSMENT METHODS:

 Written/oral
 Direct observation
 Interview
 Demonstration

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 Learning Outcome : Procedures in using different hand tools.
Learning Activities Special Instructions
1. Read Information Sheet 5.2-1 on If you have some problem on the
Visualizing Objects and Shapes content of the information sheet don’t
specifically geometric shapes. hesitate to approach your facilitator.

2. Answer Self Check 5.2-1 Check your answer with Answer Key
5.2-1

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 Information Sheet 5.2-1

Procedures in using different hand tools

Hacksaw

Steps in Mounting Blade to the Metal Frame

1. Select the correct type of blade.

2. Attach the blade to the frame by pointing the teeth away from the handle.

3. Tighten the wing nut of the handle until the blade is tight enough.

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 Safety Measures: Tighten the wing nut securely enough to prevent from buckling
and breaking

Steps in Fixing Stock In Metal Vise and Operation Position

1. Fasten the stock in vise with lay-out line as close as possible to the end of the
used vise jaws.

2. Stand with your feet 25 to 30 centimeters apart and one foot forward.

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 3. Lean the body a little forward as shown in the drawing

Steps in Sawing the Stock

1. Start the saw by guiding the blade with the thumb of your left hand while taking
one or two light strokes with your right hand.

2. Move the saw with a light steady and even motion of about 40 to 50 strokes per
minute.

3. Apply pressure during the forward stroke and release during the return strokes.

4. Hold the stock with your left hand to avoid cuts upon sawing with your right
hand

Steps in Bending 90o with Ball Peen Hammer

1. Force the metal over the vise jaws using left-hand.

2. Strike it several times near the hand with flat head of a hammer.

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 Steps in Squaring off a 90 o Bend

3. Place the metal in the bench vise and tighten strongly

4. Strike the metal with the flat head of a hammer in the direction of the arrow
indicated.

Circular Bend

1. Place the metal over a pipe or round bar and clamp in a bench vise.

2. Strike the metal with a glancing blow using the flat head of a hammer until the
desired curve is obtained.

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 Cold Chisel

Cold Chisel is used for cutting and chipping cold metals

The illustration above presents the Two Hands Positioning in cold chiseling
which shows the proper grip in using the tool. For heavy work, hand gripping of tool
should be strong and tight; for fine and small work, hold the tool lightly.

Look at the person work with the ball peen hammer and the chisel, as shown in the
illustration above. A cold chisel will cut metals only if you strike it with the flat head
of a ball peen hammer. The complete safety protection device and the body
position when performing the task (chiseling) are evidently done.

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 Wrench

Wrench is used for loosening and tightening light and heavy nuts and bolts. There
are various kinds and sizes of wrenches designed according to use and function. It
is tool steel on movable jaws.

A repair worker often uses tools to remove and replace damaged parts. The
wrenches are used to tighten and loosen the nut and bolts that hold the parts in
place. Other tools are used to hold parts for cutting, welding and other works

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 Wash type of wrench is usually used for only one or two different jobs. Figure above
shows a repair worker using a box of wrench and an open-end wrench to remove
a deck lid bolt in an automobile. The ends of the wrench are offset (the hand is
lower than the handle). In this way, the worker’s hand is above the surface of any
object as the nut of bolt is turned

A combination wrench of open-end and a box-end will tell the advantage of

box-end over open lid. Box-end wrench has complete contact with six points on
the bolt head. This completely surrounds the grip of the bolt head or nut allowing
less chances of wrench slippage.

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 Screw Drivers

Screw drivers are usually made in different sets. This tool is used to tighten and
loosen screws by pushing or pulling screws in a rotating manner. In the above
illustration, a set of standard and Phillips tips of different sizes are shown.

Screwdriver is driven by fully turning the blade in clockwise motion until the entire
screw is removed from the wood and metal. The purpose is to hold or fix two
pieces and by no chances to space apart even opposing force occurs

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 Do’s and Don’ts Hand Tools

Do’s

 Use tools designed to allow wrist to stay straight. Avoid using hand tools with
your wrist bent.

 Ensure that workers are properly trained in the safe use of hand tools.
 Use good quality tools and keep tools in good condition at all times.
 Inspect tools for defects before use. Replace or repair defective tools.
 Keep cutting tools sharp and cover sharp edges with suitable covering to
protect the tool and to prevent injuries from unintended contact.
 Replace cracked, splintered, or broken handles on files, hammers,
screwdrivers, or sledges.
 Ensure that the handles of tools like hammers and axes fit tightly into the
head of the tool.
 Replace worn jaws on wrenches, pipe tools and pliers.
 Redress burred or mushroomed heads of striking tools.
 Pull on a wrench or pliers. Never push unless you hold the tool with your palm
open.
 Point sharp tools (e.g., saws, chisels, knives) laying on benches away from
aisles and handles should not extend over the edge of the bench top.
 Maintain tools carefully. Keep them clean and dry, and store them properly
after each use.
 Carry tools in a sturdy tool box to and from the work site.
 Wear safety glasses or goggles, or a face shield (with safety glasses or
goggles) and well-fitting gloves appropriate for the hazards to which you
may be exposed when doing various tasks.
 Use a heavy belt or apron and hang tools at your sides, not behind your
back.

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 Don’ts

 Do not use tools for jobs they are not intended to do. For example, do not
use a slot screw drivers as a chisel, pry bar, wedge or punch or wrenches as
hammers.
 Do not apply excessive force or pressure on tools.
 Do not cut towards yourself when using cutting tools.
 Do not hold the stock in the palm of your hand when using a cutting tool or
a screwdriver.
 Do not wear bulky gloves to operate hand tools.
 Do not throw tools. Hand them, handle first, directly to other workers.
 Do not carry tools in a way that interferes with using both hands on a ladder,
while climbing on a structure, or when doing any hazardous work. If working
on a ladder or scaffold, tools should be raised and lowered using a bucket
and hand line.
 Do not carry a sharp tool in your pocket.

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 Self Check 5.2-1

I. List two (2) don’ts in the use of:

a. hacksaw

b. bench vise

c. ball peen hammer

d. Chisel

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 Answer Key 5.2-1

2 Do’s and Don’t’s in the use of the following tools;

a. Hacksaw

1. Do tighten the wing nut securely enough to prevent the blade of the
hacksaw from buckling and breaking.
2. Attach the blade to the frame by pointing the teeth away from the
handle.

b. Bench Vise

1. Make sure that the vise is bolted securely to a bench of the table
2. Swivel base is locked.

c. Ball Peen Hammer

1. Ensure the hammer is firmly attached to its handle.

2. Replace loose, cracked or splintered handle.

d. Chisel

1. Place chisels safely within the plastic protective caps to cover cutting
edges when not in use
2. Wear eye protection if there is a risk of eye injury from particles released from
the workpiece or when sharpening

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 LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY

Learning Outcome 3 : Maintain hand tools

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA :

1. Routine maintenance of hand tools is undertaken according to standard

operating procedures, principles and techniques.

2. Hand tools are stored in designated location in accordance with

manufacturer’s instruction/standard operating procedure.

CONTENTS:

1. Routine maintenance
 Lubricating
 Tightening
 Simple tool repair
 Hand sharpening
 Cleaning

2. Proper storage of hand tools

CONDITION:

The students/ trainee should be provided with:

Hand tools
 Hacksaws
 Hammers (ball peen, chipping)
 Punches
 Screwdrivers
 Wrenches
 Scrapers
 Chisels

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  Gouges
 Files
 Clamps

Supplies/materials

 Pencil/paper
 Reference books
 Learning materials/module

METHODOLOGIES:

 Lecture/demonstrations
 Self-pace learning
 Group discussion

ASSESSMENT METHODS:

 Written/oral
 Direct observation
 Demonstration

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 Learning Outcome : Maintain hand tools.
Learning Activities Special Instructions
1. Read Information Sheet 5.3-1 on If you have some problem on the
Visualizing Objects and Shapes content of the information sheet don’t
specifically geometric shapes. hesitate to approach your facilitator.

2. Answer Self Check 5.3-1 Check your answer with Answer Key
5.3-1

3. Read Information Sheet 5.3-2 on If you have some problem on the

Interpreting Formulas for Volume, content of the information sheet don’t
Areas, and Perimeters of Plane and hesitate to approach your facilitator
Geometric Figures.

4. Answer Self Check 5.3-2 Check your answer with Answer Key
5.3-2

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 Information Sheet 5.3-1

Routine maintenance.

Maintenance of hand tools and machines are of both primordial concerns

The term “maintenance” means a scheduled or a planned visit of tools or
equipment’s for inspection and from there, reports and recommendation
developed and the next tasks to be decided such as cleaning, application of
lubricants, dismantling and etc.

Some of the simple maintenance activities for hand tools, and the
maintenance schedule should be posted in a visible corner of the tool area where
everybody can read it.

1. Lubricating. A task performed through the application of lubricant

substance to the identified items in parts.
2. Tightening/Loosening. In an assembly of structures, we have tools for fittings
that need to be tightened and loosened and in as much as they pose high
risk to safety. Tightening bolts and nuts and other fittings requires procedures
should carry out compliance.
3. Tool for hand Sharpening. Some tools need to be sharpened such as blades
of knife, cold chisel, punches and many others. To do hand sharpening for
hand tools requires techniques and application. In some multi knives cutter,
manufacturers produce knife sharpening system to hold or clamp the blade
for ensuring strong blade to stone contact during sharpening and also
provided with course to fine honing stones. For cold chisel and punches, the
right file-size and grades are used for repairing the defective anvil curve.
4. Simple Repair. Repair practices of hand tools are still available anytime. But,
to some extent, tools are checked yearly and many of the hand tools are
eligible for condemnation and the whole items are to be replaced by a new
unit. However, there are instances that minor repair can be performed, like
replacement of wooden handle of a hammer and mushroomed head of a
cold chisel.

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 5. Cleaning. Simple process applied to hand tools. The cleaning approach
may differ from one another. For example, cleaning of the rack corners of
hand tools by using air vacuum or by a piece of clothes. Similar process may
be applied to identical cleaning situations.

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 Self-Check 5.3-1

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1 A simple process applied to hand tools to extend its life span.

A. Cleaning. B. Simple repair C. Lubricating D. Overhauling

2. A bench vise is rusting. How could have been prevented?

A. Cleaning B. Simple repair C. Lubricating D. Overhauling

3. A worker handle of a ball peen hammer is broken. What is the remedy?

A. Cleaning B. Simple repair C. Lubricating D. Overhauling

4. Your cold chisel is dull? What maintenance activity should you do?

A. Cleaning B. Simple repair C. Lubricating D. Sharpening

5. What is considered a minor repair?

A The task not too long to perform

B Whole item to be replaced

C Motor overhauling

D Cleaning

6. “Urgent repair” is similar to:

A maintenance schedule

B maintenance Inspection

C an ordinary routine

D an immediate repair

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 Answer key 5.3-1

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 Information Sheet 5.3-2

Proper storage of hand tools.

Importance of Proper Storage of Tools and Equipment

 It is an important factor for safety.

 Improves general appearance of tool room and construction areas.

 Reduces overall tool cost through maintenance.

 This also ensures that tools are in good condition at hand

 Teaches workers principle of (tool) accountability

Proper Storage of hand tools.

1. Delegate a place to store tools.

Clean out the junk and clutter and make a space only for tools. Figure out
how much space is needed for the amount of tools you have. Sweep away
cobwebs, dirt and other foreign matter. Get a shelving unit and store chemicals,
liquids and paint substances.

2. Find the parts and keep it close by from its main tool.

Locate cords, bits, nails and screws and organize them. Allocate plastic bins
to store smaller household tools. If you have a large tool collection, organize by
type for easy location. Keep the parts for each specific tool close by.

3. Coat tools with thin film of lubricants as protection against rust.

Moisture accelerates the rusting process, so it’s important to keep your tools
as dry as possible if you decide not to oil them. You can’t really oil the inside of

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 power tools anyway (unless you take them apart), so it’s definitely important to
keep those in dry locations.

The best way to do this is to store your tools in cases or toolboxes. This creates
a microclimate of sorts where it’s much easier to control the humidity level. You
can even throw in a silicon gel packet or two (those small packets of beads you
find in shoes and other products when you buy them) to help with moisture
buildup. You can even buy different size dry packs at most hardware stores—or
online—if you don’t have any on hand.

Chrome-finished tools are more impervious to rust, so buy chrome tools if at

all possible, rather than just plain polished steel. Of course, chrome tools aren’t
invincible to rust, as the chrome finish can chip, so still keep an eye on them.

4. Set up racks to hang tools for easy visibility.

Mount commercially available racks along the wall of your storage area to
hang hand tools, cords and other equipment. Screw racks into the wall with screws
recommended by the manufacturer and a power drill. Wind long cords in a loop
and hang from rack. Place tools on racks by the handle. Draw the outline of the
tool with a permanent marker to identify its place, or use labels to mark the
location.

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 5. Create a library for User’s manual and Warranty.

For tools and appliances that have various functions, designate a library
area or bin within the storage space for user manuals and warranty sheets. Store
the booklets alphabetically and in a dry area. Type up a sheet listing all of the
books to create simple table of contents.

(5S Implementation)

 Clearly label machinery, equipment, part, jigs, tools, and their locations, so
that everything is understandable, and visible to everyone at a glance.

 Don’t pile up jigs, tools, and materials without separators (shelves). They
should be picked up easily.

 Rearrange machinery and equipment to make smooth production flow,

when necessary.

 Maintain the space around the fire extinguishers and evacuation passages
free.

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 INSTRUMENT FOR INSTITUTIONAL ASSESSMENT

EVIDENCE PLAN/EVALUATION PLAN

TRAINEES NAME
FACILATATORS NAME
QUALIFICATION Pipefitting NC II
UNIT OF COMPETENCY COVERED Maintain Tools and Equipment
Ways in which evidence will be collected:
(tick the column)

Demonstration
[tick

Witten Test

Interview
The evidence must show that the
candidate……
 Identified and accessed specification/manuals as per
job requirements X

 Interpreted manuals in accordance with industry

practices X

 Applied information in manuals according to the given

task X

 Stored manuals in accordance with company

requirements X

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 COMPETENCY ASSESSMENT RESULTS SUMMARY

Candidate’s Name:
Assessor’s Name:
Qualification: Pipefitting NC II
Date of Assessment:
Assessment Center:
The performance of the candidate in the
following assessment methods: Not
Satisfactory
Maintain Tools and Equipment Satisfactory
[Pls. check () appropriate box]

A. Demonstration with Oral Questioning

B. Written Exam

Did the candidate's overall performance meet

the required evidences/ standards?
OVERALL EVALUATION COMPETENT NOT YET COMPETENT
Recommendation
For re-assessment. _______________________________________________________
For submission of document. Pls. specify (Portfolio Document)
_____________________
For issuance of COC
______________________________________________________

General Comments [Strengths / Improvements needed]

Candidate’s signature: Date:

Assessor’s signature: Date:

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 RATING SHEET FOR OBSERVATION/ WITH ORAL QUESTIONING

Candidate’s
Name:
Assessor’s Name:
Assessment
Center:
Qualification: Pipefitting NC II
Unit of Maintain Tools and Equipment
Competency
Instructions for the assessor:

Date of observation:
Description of assessment activity:
Location of assessment activity:
If yes, tick the
During the performance of skills, the candidate….
box
 Identified the types and uses of construction

materials and tools

 Used Different forms 

 Followed Requisition procedures 

 Completed work related documents 

Assessor’s signature: Date:

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 RATING SHEET FOR OBSERVATION/DEMONSTRATION WITH ORAL QUESTIONING

The candidate should answer the following questions: Satisfactory

response

Yes No

 How do you handle tools and equipment

properly?

 Why is it important to follow instructions?

The candidate’s underpinning knowledge was:

Satisfactory  Not Satisfactory 
Feedback to candidate:

The candidate’s overall performance was:

Satisfactory  Not Satisfactory 
Assessor signature: Date:

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 SUGGESTED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FOR OBSERVATION / DEMONSTRATION

Qualification: Pipefitting NC II

Unit of Competency Maintain Tools and Equipment

1. Why is it important to follow the company’s SOP?

Answer:

2. Why is it important to inspect tools prior to usage??

Answer:

3. Why is it important to check tools, accessories and materials for

damages according to enterprise procedures?
Answer:

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