Chapter Notes - Our Environment - Class 10 Science - PANTOMATH

Our Environment
Class X- PANTOMATH
By Sourav Kr. Singh- 9823554471
Chapter Notes: Our Environment - Class 10 Science - PANTOMATH
Our Environment
Our Environment
Environment: Our surrounding is called environment. Note:
1.Living and non-living present in environment.
2.They are dependent each other.
Living Thing: Organisms that can ability to grow, reproduce, take in and use energy, excrete waste,
respond to the environment, and possess an organized structure
These are two types:

1.Producers (Autotrophs): Organisms which produce their own food, e.g. Plants.
2.Consumers: Organism which depend on other organisms for food, e.g. Lion, Elephant and
Human etc.
These are three types:

1. Herbivores: Eat only plants e.g. Deer, Elephant and Cow etc.
2. Carnivores: Eat only other animals e.g. Lion, Snake etc.
3. Omnivores: Eat both plants and animals e.g. Humans, Crow etc.
Plants Grasshopper Frog Snake Hawk

(Producers) (Primary Consumer) (Secondary) (Tertiary)(Quaternary)
(2 nd order) (3rd order) (4 order)
st th
Order of Consumers: (1 order)
Class X- PANTOMATH By Sourav Kr. Singh- 9823554471 1/8

Then there are,

Decomposers: Organisms who fee on dead plants and animals e.g. Bacteria, Fungi and worm etc.
What Decomposers Do? They:

1. Clean up environment by decomposing dead organisms
2. Break complex compound in dead organism into nutritions. These nutritions mix with soil
making soil more fertile.
Food Chain: Food chain is a series of organisms in which every next organism depends on the one
before it.
E.g.: 1. Plants Grasshopper Frog Snake Hawk
2. Plants Deer Lion
2. Algae Insect fish Bird
Food Web: In our environment, there can be many food chains which are interlinked at various
levels. Thus, many food chains form a network which is called food web.
A Food Web

Trophic Levels: Different levels in the food chain are called trophic level.
E.g.: (i)
Algae Insect fish Bird
Producers Herbivore Carnivore Top Consumer
(1st Trophic Level) (2nd Trophic Level) (3rd Trophic Level) (4th Trophic Level)
4th
Top
Carnivore
Carnivore 3rd
nd
Herbivore 2
Producer 1st

E.g.: (ii)
Plan Deer Lion

Producers Herbivore Top Consumer
(1st Trophic Level) (2nd Trophic Level) (3rd Trophic Level)
Top rd
Carnivore 3
nd
Herbivore 2
Producer 1st
Flow of Energy: Sun is ultimate source of energy. Only 1% of solar energy coming to earth is
absorbed by plants. Plants convert this energy to chemical energy by the process of photosynthesis.
Some of this energy is lost by plants to surrounding. Rest is stored in body of plants. Almost90% of
this energy is utilized for its own need and rest 10% is left for the organism of the next trophic level.
So, very little energy is left for the organism which is at the tertiary level. Flow of energy is
unidirectional.
E.g.: Plants Grasshopper Frog Snake Hawk
Only 10% of the energy is transfer to the next trophic level
Plants Grasshopper Frog Snake Hawk
Energy: 10000 J → 1000J → 100 J → 10 J

Biological Magnification: As we move to higher trophic level certain harmful substances such as
Mercury, DDT and Pesticides etc. are accumulated, this is called biological magnification.
Ecosystem: This is a system of interdependencies among various living beings and non-living things
in a given habitat.
An ecosystem has two types of components.
1. Abiotic Component: All the non-living things make the abiotic component of an ecosystem. E.g.
Air, water and soil are the abiotic components.
Features of Abiotic Component:

1. Air provides oxygen (For respiration) and carbon di oxide (for photosynthesis)and other gases
for various needs of the living beings.
2. Water is essential for all living beings because all the metabolic activities happen in the
presence of water.
3. Soil is the reservoir of various nutrients which are utilized by plants

2. Biotic Component: All living beings make the biotic component of an ecosystem. E.g.: Green
plants, Animals and Bacteria and fungi etc.
Features of Abiotic Component:

1. Green plants play the role of producers. Because they prepare own food by process of
photosynthesis.
2. Animals and other living beings play the role of consumers. Because they dependent for food
(directly or indirectly) from plants.
3. Bacteria and fungi play the role of decomposers. As they decompose dead remains of plants
and animals so that raw materials of organisms can be channelized back to the environment.
Our Effect on Environment:

Waste: Due to our waste environment get polluted.There are some examples of waste:
House hold garbage: Kitchen waste, Paper, Polythene, wood, Glass, Metal cans and detergents.
Sewage: Waste products generated by human body.
Commercial waste: from shops, hospitals waste
Industrial waste: chemical which are used in industry.
E-Waste/ Electronic waste: Useless mobile phones, computer systems and old electronic
instruments.
E-Waste
Waste are of two types:

1. Biodegradable: Wastes which can be decomposed by living organisms like decomposers. They
mainly include plants and animals. E.g. Paper, Cotton, Veg waste, Sewage etc.

2. Non- Biodegradable: Waste which cannot be decomposed by living organisms are non-
biodegradable. E.g. Glass, Metals, Plastics, Dyes, detergents etc.
Keep a Note:
1. We should use more of biodegradable material for saving our environment. Such as cotton bags
instead of Polythene.
2. Paper is biodegradable but should still be avoided for saving the plants.
Recycle: Paper, Polythene, metal and cans.

Dump in pits: Sewage and food waste becomes fertilizers after decomposition.
Biogas Plants:Sewage and food waste used in make of biogas.
Burnt: Hospital wastes Should be burnt..
Ozone Layer Depletion: Ozone layer is found high up in atmosphere. When ultraviolet radiations
act on oxygen, the oxygen gets converted into ozone.

O2 → O + O
O2 + O → O3 (Ozone)
Ozone layer works like a protective shield for living beings. The ozone layers wards off harmful
ultraviolet radiations from the sun, which cause cancer, cataract and destroy plant.
Depletion: Ozone layer is becoming thin worldwide. It is thinnest at Antarctica and then Artic. This
lets more UV rays to reach the surface of earth. It is call Ozone hole.
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs): CFCs is used in refrigerators, air conditions, fire extinguishers and
Shaving creams, which cause depletion of ozone layer.
Prevention: In 1987, the UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) succeeded in forging an
agreement among different countries not to produce CFCs. Since then, there is decrease in growth
of depletion.

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Our Environment

These are two types:

These are three types:

2. Carnivores: Eat only other animals e.g. Lion, Snake etc.

Plants Grasshopper Frog Snake Hawk

Class X- PANTOMATH By Sourav Kr. Singh- 9823554471 1/8

Then there are,

What Decomposers Do? They:

E.g.: 1. Plants Grasshopper Frog Snake Hawk

2. Plants Deer Lion

2. Algae Insect ﬁsh Bird

Class X- PANTOMATH By Sourav Kr. Singh- 9823554471 2/8

Algae Insect ﬁsh Bird

Producers Herbivore Carnivore Top Consumer

Class X- PANTOMATH By Sourav Kr. Singh- 9823554471 3/8

Plan Deer Lion

E.g.: Plants Grasshopper Frog Snake Hawk

Only 10% of the energy is transfer to the next trophic level

Plants Grasshopper Frog Snake Hawk

Energy: 10000 J → 1000J → 100 J → 10 J

Class X- PANTOMATH By Sourav Kr. Singh- 9823554471 4/8

An ecosystem has two types of components.

Features of Abiotic Component:

3. Soil is the reservoir of various nutrients which are utilized by plants

Class X- PANTOMATH By Sourav Kr. Singh- 9823554471 5/8

Features of Abiotic Component:

Our Eﬀect on Environment:

Waste are of two types:

Class X- PANTOMATH By Sourav Kr. Singh- 9823554471 6/8

Recycle: Paper, Polythene, metal and cans.

Class X- PANTOMATH By Sourav Kr. Singh- 9823554471 7/8

Class X- PANTOMATH By Sourav Kr. Singh- 9823554471 8/8

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