DGT MH –CET 12th PHYSICS Study Material 1

2 Gravitation
 COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW 3. Relation between 'G' and Acceleration due
to gravity.
1. Newton's Law of gravitation
The acceleration due to gravity at a distance r
In the universe, every particle attracts every other from the centre of the earth is given by :
particle with a force which is :
a) Directly proportional to the product of their F GM e
gr   2 ... (ii)
masses. M r
That is, F  m1m 2 ... (1) At height h. If R = radius of the earth, and h be
the height of the point from the surface of the
b) Inversely proportional to the square of earth, then acceleration due to gravity at height h
distance between them. That is,
is given by :
1
F ... (2) GM e
r2 gh  ... (iii)
(R  h)2
Combining (1) and (2), we get,
Here, r  R  h
Gm1m2
F On the surface of earth, h = 0
r2
where G is universal gravitational constant GM e
 gs  g 
having value 6.67  10–11 Nm2 kg–2 R2
Properties of Gravitational force:
a) It is independent of the medium between 4. The weight of a body
the particles. The weight of a body of mass M is given by
b) It follows the laws of superposition. That is W = Mg. Hence weight also varies in the same
the force of interaction between two way as g does.
particles is independent of the presence of
other particles. SATELLITES
c) The gravitational force is always attractive. 5. What is a satelllte ?
d) The gravitational force forms an action The satellite is a body that constantly revolves
reaction pair. That is, around another body. For example, all the
 
F12   F 21 planets are the satellites of the sun. The moon is
a satellite of the earth. The planet Jupiter has
2. Gravitational force due to earth twenty eight satellites. The saturn has thirty
The gravitational force due to earth (mass Me) satellites. All these are examples of natural
on any body of mass M at a distance r from the satellites. Since 1957, a large number of man made
centre of the earth is given by : satellites have been put into the orbits around the
earth. These satellites are called artificial satellites.
MeM
FG ... (i)
r2 6. Principle of launching a satellite
where, G is called gravitational constant. Also Suppose, a body is projected horizontally from
G = 6.67  10–11 Nm2kg–2 the top of a high tower. The body will describe a

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parabolic path under the influence of gravity. 8. Time period of the satellite
Depending upon its initial velocity it may The time taken by the satellite to make one
complete rotation around the earth is called time
period. It is given by,
Disance travelled by satellite
T
Speed of the satellite

Circumference of the orbit of the satellite


Orbital velocity

2 r
or T
Fig. 6.1 0
strike the earth at the point marked 1 or at the 1
point marked 2 in the fig. 6.1. The range of the  r3  2
or T  2   ... (i)
projectile in the second case, is larger than that in  GM e 
the first case. In fact, in the second case, the
1
projectile almost reaches the opposite side of the
2  r 3  2
earth. The body can also be projected with a or T   ... (ii)
certain velocity, such that it will not fall to the R g
earth. On the' other hand it may start orbiting
around the earth as shown in the fig. 6.1. In such ( GM e  gR 2 )
a case, the projectile becomes a satellite of the If the satellite is very close to earth.
earth. i.e. h is very small as compared to R then writing
7. Orbital velocity r  R  h  R in equation (ii), we find
1
The velocity with which the satellite moves in
R 2
the orbit around the earth (or any other T  2   ... (iii)
heavenly body) is called orbital velocity. g
The orbital velocity at a height above the surface
9. Altitude of Satellite
of the earth is given by :
The altitude of a satellite is given by,
1
GM e  gR 2  2 1
0     T 2 gR 2  3
R  h R  h  h 2 
R ... (iv)
 4 
GM e
where g  , is the acceleration due to Knowing the time period T, and radius of earth
R2 R, we can calculate the altitude h or the height of
gravity on the surface of the earth. the satellite above the earth's surface.
If gh be the acceleration due to gravity at a height
h, then the orbital velocity is given by 10. Stationary Satellite
A satellite whose time period is 24 hours and
0   g h (R  h) 
1/ 2
is revolving in an orbit concentric and
Near the surface of the earth, the orbital velocity coplanar with the equatorial plane of earth is
is given by, called geostationary or stationary satellite.
The satellite is stationary w.r.t. earth, that is it
0  Rg  7.92 km s 1
always appears above a particular place on the
Thus the orbital velocity that must be given to the earth. In fact, it moves round the earth from
satellite to put it in the orbit very near the surface WEST to EAST, with the same angular velocity
of the earth is 7.92 km s–1. as that of the earth about its own axis.

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Since, the time period of the stationary satellite is Therefore from equation (i), we find
same as the time taken by the earth to complete 1
one rotation about its own axis, it is also termed  2gR 2  2
as SYNCHRONOUS satellite. Such satellites es     2gR
 R 
are often used for telecommunication and so they
are also termed as COMMUNICATION For earth, g = 9.8 ms–2 and R = 6.4  106 m
satellites. The orbit of the stationary satellite is
called the parking orbit.  es  2  9.8  6.4  106 ms 1
The stationary satellite must orbit at a certain  11.2 km s 1
height 'h' above the earth given by :
The value of escape velocity is different for
1
1/ 2 different planets and satellites. Moon is small both
2  r 3 
2 2  (R  h)3  in size and mass as compared to earth so the
T     
R g R  g  escape velocity at the moon (about 2.40 km s–1)
is quite small as compared to earth.
1
 gT 2 R 2  3 12. Planetary motion
or h 2 
R
 4  The early attempts to understand the solar
system were made by Greeks. Potlemy, around
Substituting, T = 24  60  60 = 86400s ;
140 AD, developed a theory called Geocentric
g = 9.8 ms–2, R = 6.4  106 m. Theory. According to which, earth was
We get, h = 35950 km  36,000 km considered to be at the centre of the universe
That is, the stationary satellite orbits at a height and the sun, the moon, the planets and the
of about 36,000 km. stars all moved around it. However Ptolemy's
theory was quite complicated. Here planets
1
 (g)  2 supposedly revolved in circles around the earth
The orbital velocity is, 0  R   . and the centre of these circles themselves move
 (R  h)  in what are known as epiricles.
Substituting the values, we get 0  3.08 km/s. In 1543, Copernicus, a Polish astronomer
put forward a simple hypothesis called the
11. Escape velocity Heliocentric theory. According to which sun
The escape velocity is defined as the minimum is considered to be stationary and all planets,
velocity with which a body should be projected including the earth were supposed to move
upwards so that it may escapefrom the around it. In addition, Copernicus assumed that
gravitational pull of the earth. the earth rotated on its axis once each day (such
observations about the rotation of the earth about
If es be the escape velocity of the body, then its
its own axis was also made by great Indian
kinetic energy when it is projected from the earth
mathematician and astronomer, Aryabhata of the
1 5th century).
into the space = Mes 2
2
13. Kepler's laws
To escape the body from the gravitational field
The heliocentric motion of the planets was
of earth the kinetic energy should be equal to the
a revolutionary concept in those times and hence
potential energy.
was bitterly opposed by church. Danish
1 GMM e astronomer Tycho Brahe made a rigorous
i.e. M2es 
2 R accurate measurements of the positions of stars
and planets. His data was analysed by Johanes
1
 2gR 2  2 Kepler. After putting a lot of labour he set forth
or es     2gR his discoveries in the form of three laws known
 R  as Kepler's laws as explained below.

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i) Law of orbits (or the first law) : All

T2
planets move around the sun in elliptical or  a constant
orbits with the sun at one focus. R3
ii) Law of areas (or the second law) : The Kepler's laws are based on the study of
area swept by the line joining the sun and Tycho Brahe.
the planet per unit time is constant.
14. Shape of the orbit of a satellite
In figure 15.1 the planet moves from A to B
in the same time in which it moves from A' Let  be the velocity of the satellite in its orbit.
to B'. And area SAB = area SA'B'. And 0 = orbital velocity, es escape velocity.
iii) Law of periods (or the third law) : The i) If   0 , the satellite falls to the earth
square of the time taken to complete the
following a spiral path.
orbit (time period T) is proportional to
the cube of the semimajor axis (R) of the ii) If   0 , the satellite continues to move in
elliptical orbit. the orbit.
Mathematically, T  R
2 3
iii) If 0    es , then the satellite moves in
elliptical orbit.
iv) If   es , then the satellite escapes from
the earth following a parabolic path.
v) If   es , then the satellite escapes from
the earth following a hyperbolic path.
Kinetic energy, potential energy and total energy
in the above mentioned cases are as given in the
table below.
Fig. 13.1
S.No. Relation between Path Eccentricity Relation between Sign of
, 0 and es KE and PE Total Energy
1.   0 Spiral – KE < PE –VE
2.   0 Circle e0 KE < PE –VE
3. 0    es Ellipse e 1 KE < PE –VE
4.   es Parabola e 1 KE = PE Zero
5.   es Hyperbola e 1 KE > PE +VE

15. Binding energy of a Satellite. to the attractive force. In other words, for
Gravitational potential energy due to earth. displacing the test mass from infinity to its
present location, the work is done by the
The gravitational potential energy of mass M due
gravitational force field.
to earth at a distance r outside the surface of the
earth (i.e., r > R) is given by : b) As distance from the source mass increases,
the potential energy decreases. At infinite
GM e M distance from the source mass, the gravitational
Up   ... (i)
r potential energy is zero.
Discussion Because For
a) The negative sign in the equation (i) shows GM e M
r  , U p  0
that the gravitational potential energy is due 

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c) If we displace a body from r = r1 to r = r2, Now, the grav. potential at the earth's
the change in potential energy is given by : GM
surface   .
GM e M GM e M R
U p  
r1 r2 The P.E. of the satellite of mass m resting on the
earth's surface = gravitational potential  mass
1 1 
 GM e M    GMm
of satellite =  .
 r1 r2  R
d) It is found that the gravitational potential The K.E. is zero, since the satellite is at rest.
energy at any point is independent of the
GMm GMm
path along which the test mass is displaced.  T.E.  U  
It merely depends upon the (straight line) R R
distance between the source and the test
GMm
masses.  B.E.  
R
Binding energy :
This is the binding energy of a satellite at rest on
The minimum amount of energy required to
earth's surface.
remove the satellite from the gravitational field
of earth is called binding energy. 16. Weightlessness condition in a satellite
Let us consider a satellite of mass m revolving in An astronaut sitting in a geostationary satellite is
circular orbit around the earth at a height h above in the weightlessness state as the value of 'g'
the earth's surface, the inside the satellite is zero.
GM * The apparent weight of the body.
Vc (critical velocity of satellite) = = Actual weight – weight of the body due to
r
acceleration.
where, M = mass of earth
= mg – ma = m(g – a)
1 1 GM GMm * When an astronaut is in orbiting satellite, then
K.E. of satellite = m v c2  m 
2 2 r 2r the satellite and astronaut both are attracted
towards the centre of earth with same
GMm centripetal acceleration. Thus astronaut is
P.E. of satellite  
r not able to exert wt. on the floor and he
feels weightlessness.
Total energy (T.E.) = K.E. + P.E.
i.e., g = a
1 GMm GMm  apparent weight = 0
= 
2 r r * The weightlessness does not mean that the
mass of the body is zero and the absence of
1 GMm gravity. But it means that the astronaut feels
T.E.  
2 r that he is not attracted by any gravitational
force.
–ve sign shows that the satellite is bound to earth
* Weightlessness condition is also called as
due to gravitational force.
Zero-gravity condition and it is observed
Now, to remove the satellite from gravitational only in artificial satellites but not on natural
field of earth, the least energy is required which satellites like moon etc. Which has its own
must be equal to T.E. gravity.
1 GMm * The height of geostationary satellite is
 B.E.    36000 km and its orbital velocity is
2 r
3.1 km/s.

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17. Variation of 'g' due to Altitude, Latitude and Dividing (3) by (2), we get,
Depth.
 d
i) Variation of (g) with height. g d  g s 1  
 R
We know that the gravitational intensity on
the surface of the earth is :
iii) Variation of g with latitude
GM e The acceleration due to gravity at latitude 
gs 
R2 on the surface of the earth is given by,
where R is the distance from the centre of g   g p  R2 cos 2 
the earth.
where gp is the acceleration due to gravity
GM e at pole.
 gh 
(R  h)2
At equator   00
Here, r  R  h
g e  g p  R 2  g e  g p
If h << R, then we can write :
2
It means that the weight of body is more at
GM e  h pole than weight at equator.
gh  1  R 
R2   

 2h 
 g h  gs 1  
 R
where gs is the gravitational intensity on the
surface of earth.

ii) Variation of g with depth (d)

We know that, the value of g on the surface
of earth is given by,
GM e
gs 
R2
Consider the earth to be a homogeneous
sphere of uniform density  and radius R.
The mass of earth is given by,
4
M e  R 3
3

4
G  R 3
Therefore, g s  3
R2

4
 gs  GR ... (2)
3
When body is taken to depth d, the mass of
sphere (R – d) will only be effective,
therefore
4
g d  G(R  d) ... (3)
3

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Newton's law of gravitation and acceleration due 8. An iron ball and a cork ball of the same radius
to gravity (g) are released from the same vacuum. Both of
1. What is gravitational mass ? It is : them reach the ground simultaneously. Which of
a) gravitational force exerted by the body the following is the correct explanation of the
phenomenon ?
b) gravitational force experienced by the body
a) Acceleration due to gravity is independent of
c) measure of gravitational force experienced by
the mass of the falling bodies.
the body
b) Acceleration due to gravity in vacuum is
d) measure of neither gravitational force exerted
independent of the size of the bodies.
nor that experienced by a body
c) In vacuum, the acceleration due to gravity is
2. Gravitation is universal force. However, when we
zero.
stand near a wall, we are not pulled by the wall
because : d) In vacuum, there is no resistance to the motion
of the balls.
a) wall has large area
9. The gravitational effect of which of the following
b) the wall is at small distance
causes tidal waves in the sea ?
c) flat surfaces do not exert gravitation
a) Earth b) Moon
d) the gravitation due to wall is negligible as
c) Sun d) None of the above
compared to that due to the earth
10. Which of the following statements about the
3. Which of the following statements about the
variation of the gravitational field strength of the
Gravitational constant is true ?
earth is true ?
a) It has no units
a) It increases when we go above the surface
b) It has same value in all systems of units of the earth
c) It is a force b) It increases when we go below the surface
d) It does not depend upon the nature of medium of the earth
in which the bodies lie c) Its magnitude is maximum at the surface of
4. The gravity is measured in : the earth
a) N b) kg d) None of the above statements is true
c) N kg –1
d) N kg–2 m2 11. The gravitational force of earth on a ball of mass
5. The gravitational constant depends upon : one kilogram is 9.8 N. The attraction of ball on
a) size of the bodies the earth is :
b) gravitational mass a) 9.8 N
c) distance between the bodies b) negligible
d) none of the above factors c) slightly less than 9.8 N
6. The acceleration due to gravity (on earth) depends d) more than 9.8 N
upon : 12. If the gravitational mass of a body on the moon
a) size of the body be denoted by Mm and that on the earth by Me,
b) gravitational mass of the body then :
c) gravitational mass of the earth 1
a) M m  M e b) M m  M e
d) none of the above factors 6
7. The dimensional formula for the universal
c) M m  M e d) M m  6M e
gravitational constant is :
13. The mass of a body on the surface of the earth is
a) M 0 L0 T 0 b) M 1L0 T 2
6 kg. If we measure its mass on the surface of
c) M 1L2 T 2 d) M 1L3 T 2 the moon, it will be :

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a) 36 kg b) 6 kg a) 40 ms–2 b) 20 ms–2
c) 1 kg d) 0.1 kg c) 10 ms–2 d) none of the above
14. An iron sphere and an aluminium sphere, both of
1
same radius are dropped from the top of a tower 22. Mass of the moon is of the mass of the earth.
100 m high. At a height 40 m above the ground, 81
both of them will have same. 1
Its diameter is of that of the earth.
a) momentum 3.7
b) kinetic energy If acceleration due to gravity on the surface of
c) potential energy the earth is 9.8 m/s2, then the acceleration due to
d) acceleration. gravity on the surface of the moon :
15. A man is carrying a load equal to his own weight 9.8
(W) on his head. If he jumps from roof of a a) 9.8  6 m/s2 b) m/s2
6
building, during his fall, the weight experienced
by the man will be : 9.8
c) m/s2 d) 9.8  3 m/s2
a) Zero b) W 3
c) 2 W d) None of the above 23. If R is the radius of the earth and g the acceleration
16. Two bodies held one above the other at a distance due to gravity on the earth's surface, the mean
of 50 cm are simultaneously released. What will density of the earth is :
be their separation after 4 seconds of motion ?
4G 3R
a) 2.0 m b) 1.0 m a) 3gR b) 4gG
c) 0.5 m d) 0.25 m
17. If the density of the earth is doubled keeping its 3g 4RG
radius constant then acceleration due to gravity c) d) 3g
4RG
(present value 9.8 ms–2) will be :
a) 2.45 ms–2 b) 4.9 ms–2
Satellites
c) 9.8 ms–2 d) 19.6 ms–2
18. If the mass and radius of a planet are doubled, 24. The synchronous satellite of the earth orbits from :
then acceleration due to gravity on its surface a) north to south in the polar plane
will become : b) south to north in the polar plane
a) one fourth b) one half c) east to west in equatorial plane
c) double d) four times d) west to east in equatorial plane
19. If the radius of the earth decreases by 10%, the 25. The plane of the elliptical orbit of the satellite
mass remaining unchanged, what will happen to passes through :
the acceleration due to gravity ?
a) north pole
a) Decrease by 19 %
b) south pole
b) Increase by 19 %
c) centre of the earth
c) Decrease by more than 19 %
d) none of the above
d) Increase by more than 19 %
26. What causes the tail of the comet ?
20. Gravitational attraction between two weights
1 kgf each separated by 1 m will be : a) Centrifugal force pushes away the gases
a) 6.67  10–9 N b) 6.67  10–11 N b) Lighter gases are left behind during the orbital
c) 6.67  10–13 N d) Zero motion
21. The mass of a planet is double and its radius is c) Tail of the comet always exists but becomes
half as compared to that of the earth. Assuming visible near the sun
g = 10 ms–2 on the earth, the acceleration due to d) The radiation pressure from the sun causes
gravity at the planet will be : the tail

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27. A stationary satellite of a planet orbits at : 33. Suppose, there is a planet orbiting about the sun
a) any height at a distance 4 times the present distance of the
b) a definite height independent of its own mass earth. What will be the duration of the year of
the planet in terms of the year on the earth ?
c) a height depending upon its own mass
a) 2 years b) 4 years
d) a definite height independent of the mass of
the planet c) 8 years d) 16 years
28. Which ofthe following is independent of the mass 34. The distance of the geostationary satellite from
of the earth ? the centre of the earth (radius R) is nearest to :
a) Orbital velocity b) Escape velocity a) 5 R b) 6 R
c) Gravitational intensity c) 7 R d) 8 R
d) None of the above
29. Which of the following is NOT true for stationary Orbital Velocity of Satellite
satellite of the earth ? 35. For a satellite to revolve very near to the surface
a) Its time period is 24 hours of the earth, the orbital velocity should be about :
b) Its angular speed is equal to that of earth about a) 3 km s–1 b) 8 km s–1
its own axis c) 11 km s–1 d) none of the above
c) It is stationary in space 36. The orbital velocity for a stationary satellite of
d) It revolves from west to east the earth is about 3.08 km s–1. For the satellite
that revolves round the earth very near to its
30. Which of the following statements is wrong about
surface, the orbital velocity should be :
the satellite of earth ?
a) more than 3.08 km s–1
a) It is freely falling body
b) less than 3.08 km s–1
b) It is not accelerated
c) equal to 3.08 km s–1
c) It has constant speed
d) It is weightless d) less than 2  3.08 km s–1
31. Two satellites of masses M1 and M2 are revolving 37. The orbital velocity at a height h above the surface
around the earth in circular orbits of radii r1 and of the earth is 90% of that near the surface of
the earth. If the escape velocity at the surface of
1
r2. The ratio of their speeds  the earth be , then its value at the height h will
2
be :
r1 r2 a) 0.90  b) 0.99 
a) r b) r c) 0.81  d) 0.11 
2 1
38. The orbital velocity of a satellite at a height R
r1 r2 above the surface of the earth is . What will be
c) r2 d) r1 the value of the escape velocity from the same
location ?
32. A planet is revolving in an elliptical orbit about
the sun. Its closest distance from the sun is r and a) 2 b) 
the farthest distance is R. If the velocity of the
 
planet nearest to the sun be  and that farthest c) d)
2 2

away from the sun be V, then  39. The gravitational mass of a body on the earth is
V
M. The inertial mass of the same body on the
r R moon will be :
a) b)
R r a) 6 M b) M

r2 R2 M
c) d) c) d) zero
R2 r2 6

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40. Escape velocity of the air molecules from the a) zero b) 1 s

surface of the earth is : c) 2 s d) infinity
a) 3.1 km s–1 b) 7.9 km s–1 47. As the radius of the satellite orbit increases, its
c) 11.2 km s–1 d) 36 km s–1 time period :
41. A satellite is revolving around the sun in a circular a) decreases
orbit with uniform velocity . If the gravitational b) increases
force suddenly disappears the velocity of the
c) remains constant
satellite will be :
d) first increases, becomes maximum for stationary
a) zero b) 
satellite and then decreases
c) 2  d) infinity
48. A satellite of mass M is orbiting in an orbit of
42. The orbital velocity of a satellite very near to the radius R. Work done by gravity per revolution on
surface of earth is . What will be its orbital the satellite is given by :
velocity at an altitude 7 times the radius of the
earth ? MgR
a) b) MgR
2
 
a) b) c) Mg  2R d) none of the above
2 2
49. The time period of a satellite in a circular orbit of
  radius R is T. What will be the time period if the
c) d) radius of the orbit is 4R.
2 2 4
a) 2 T b) 4 T
Kepler's Laws & Periodic Time of Satellite c) 8 T d) 16 T
43. The variation in the speed of the planets in their 50. Two satellites of mass M and 16M are put in the
orbits about the sun can be explained on the basis same orbit around the sun. If T1 and T2 be their
of the conservation of : T1
time periods, then 
a) linear momentum T2
b) angular momentum
a) 4 b) 1
c) total energy
c) 0.5 d) 0.25
d) angular kinetic energy
51. A satellite revolves around a planet in an elliptical
44. If T be the time taken by a planet to complete the orbit of minor and major axes a and b respectively.
orbit about the sun and R is the mean distance If T be the time period of the satellite, then T2 is
between the planet and the sun, then what is the proportional to :
relation between T and R ?
3 3

a) T  R 2 b) T 2  R ab ab
a)   b)  
 2   2 
c) T 2  R 3 d) T3  R 2
c) a3 d) b3
45. The relation between the time period and mean
radius of the orbit of a planet about the sun is 52. Two satellites are in the parking orbits around
given by : the earth. Mass of one is 10 times that of other.
The ratio of their periods of revolution is :
a) Newton's law of gravitation
b) Keplar 's law a) 1 b) 10
c) The law of conservation of momentum c) 10 d) 100
d) None of the above 53. Which of the following is different from the
46. A pendulum beats second on the earth. Its time other ?
period on a stationary satellite of the earth will a) Period of the satellite orbiting around the earth
be : very near to its surface

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b) Period of the simple pendulum ofvinfinite a) R n b) R n 1/ 2

length
c) Period of moon around the earth c) R n 1/ 2 d) R  n
d) Period of the body dropped in the tunnel bored 60. The time period of a satellite in a circular orbit of
across the earth and through its centre radius R is T. The period of another satellite in a
circular orbit of radius 4 R is :
54. Which of the following is conserved in the
planetary motion around the sun ? T
a) 4 T b)
a) Angular energy 4
b) Rotational kinetic energy
T
c) Angular momentum c) 8 T d)
8
d) Linear momentum
61. The period of the satellite of the earth orbiting
55. A satellite is revolving around the earth in a
very near to the surface of the earth is T0. What
circular orbit 4 times the radius of the parking
is the period of the geostationary satellite in terms
orbit. What will be the time period of the satellite ?
of T0 ?
a) 2 days b) 4 days
c) 16 days d) none of the above T0
a) b) 7 T0
56. Fig. shows a planet in elliptical orbit around the 7
sun (S). Where is the kinetic energy of the planet
maximum ? c) 7 T0 d) 7 7 T0
62. The time period (T) of the artificial satellite of
earth depends on the density (d) of the earth
(assumed constant) as :

a) T  d b) T  d

1 1
c) T  d) T 
d d
a) P1 b) P2
c) P3 d) P4 Gravitational potential energy and binding energy
57. A satellite is orbiting around the earth with a period of a satellite
T. If the earth suddenly shrinks to half its radius 63. A body of mass M is raised from the surface of
without change in mass, the period of revolution the earth to an altitude equal to the radius of the
of the satellite will be : earth. The potential energy gained by the body
will be :
T T
a) b) MgR
2 2
a) b) MgR
c) T d) 2 T 2
58. Period of revolution of a satellite in its circular c) 2 MgR d) none of the above
orbit of radius r around earth is T. The period of 64. Let g be acceleration due to gravity on the earth's
revolution of the satellite in a circular orbit of surface. The gain in the potential energy of an
radius 4r will be : object of mass m raised from surface of earth to
a) T b) 2 T a height equal to radius R of the earth is :
c) 4 T d) 8 T 1
a) mgR b) 2 mgR
59. Suppose the gravitational force varies inversely 2
as the nth power of distance. Then the time period
of a planet in circular orbit of radius R around the 1
c) mgR d) mgR
Sun will be proportional to : 4

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65. The kinetic energy of a satellite in its orbit around a) – 2 MgR b) – MgR
the earth is E. What should be the kinetic energy
MgR MgR
of the satellite so as to enable it escape from the c)  d) 
gravitational pull of the earth ? 2 4
a) 4 E b) 2 E 72. The kinetic energy of a satellite of mass M orbiting
at a height equal to the radius of the earth (R) is
c) 2E d) E
given by :
66. A projectile is fired with a velocity less than the a) 2 MgR b) MgR
escape velocity. What can we say about the sum
of its potential and kinetic energies ? MgR MgR
c) d)
a) Negative 2 4
b) Positive 73. A body of mass 2 kg is dropped from a height h.
c) Zero Let M be the mass of the earth and R be its radius.
d) May be +VE, –VE or zero If h >> R, what will be the velocity of the body
when it reaches the surface of the earth ?
67. A satellite is revolving around the earth with a
kinetic energy E. How much kinetic energy 1/ 2
  1 1 
should be given to it so that it escapes away from a)  2GM    
the earth ?   R h 

E E 1
a) b)   1 1  2
2 2 b) GM    
  R h 
c) E d) 2 E
68. What is the ratio of potential energy to the kinetic  1 1
energy of the moon orbiting around the earth ? c) 2GM    d) none of the above
R h
a) 1 : 4 b) 1 : 2
74. The gravitational potential energy of a body at a
c) 4 : 1 d) 2 : 1
distance r from the centre ofthe earth is U. What
69. The gravitational potential energy of a body at a will be its weight at a distance R from the centre
distance rfrom the centre ofthe earth is U. What of the earth ?
will be its weight at the location ?
Ur Ur
U a) b)
a) 2 b) Ur 2
R R2
r
Ur 2
U c) d) none of the above
c) d) Ur R2
r
75. The kinetic energy of a satellite is 2 MJ. What is
70. Given that mass of the earth is M and its radius is
its total energy ?
R. A body is dropped from a height equal to the
radius of the earth above the surface of the earth. a) 1 MJ b) 2 MJ
When it reaches the ground, its velocity will be : c) 4 MJ d) 8 MJ
1/ 2
76. A body is projected vertically upwards with a
 GM  GM velocity equal to one third of the escape velocity.
a)   b)
 R  R What is the maximum height attained by the
body ?
1/ 2
 2GM  2GM
c)   d) R
 R  R a) R b)
2
71. A satellite of mass M is orbiting around the earth
at a height equal to the radius of the earth (R). R R
c) d)
Its potential energy is given by : 4 8

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Escape Velocity of a Satellite : 83. A stone falls from infinite far away distance to
77. Moon has no atmosphere, because : the earth. What is the velocity it can attain in
term of the radius ofthe earth (R) and acceleration
a) there is no vegetation on it
due to gravity g ?
b) it is far away from the earth
c) it is not a planet a) gR b) 2gR
d) the escape velocity on it is small
c) 3gR d) 2 gR
78. At what angle with the horizontal should a
projectile be fired with the escape velocity to 84. The ratio of the radii of two planets is R and the
enable it escape from gravitational pull of the ratio of the acceleration due to gravity on the
earth ? same planet is A. What is the ratio of the escape
velocities from them ?
a) Less than 450 b) 450
c) More than 450 d) Any angle a) AR b) 2AR
79. A ball is thrown parallel to the surface of the earth
AR A
from the top of Mount Everest, with a velocity c) d)
more than the escape velocity.What will happen 2 R
to it ? It will : 85. The ratio of the radii of the planets P1 and P2 is
a) become a satellite of earth k. The ratio of the acceleration due to gravity on
b) fall down to earth them is r. The ratio of the escape velocities from
them will be :
c) escape away from earth
d) depend upon the mass of the projectile a) kr b) kr
80. To put in orbit, the satellite should be fired as a
k r
projectile with : c) d)
r k
a) escape velocity
86. A satellite is orbiting around the earth. By what
b) twice the escape velocity
percentage should we increase its velocity so as
c) thrice the escape velocity
to enable it escape away from earth ?
d) none of the above
a) 41.4 % b) 50 %
81. A projectile is fired verticaly upwards. It escapes
c) 82.8 % d) 100 %
from the earth, when fired with velocity . If it is
to be fired at 450 to the horizontal, what should 87. The escape velocity from the earth's surface is
be its velocity to enable it escape from the 11 km/s. Certain planet has radius twice that of
gravitational pull of the earth ? the earth but its mean density is the same as that
of the earth. The value of the escape velocity
 from this planet would be :
a) 2 b)
2 a) 44 km/s b) 22 km/s
c)  d) some other velocity c) 11.0 km/s d) 5.5 km/s
82. A missile is launched from the earth with a speed
3 km/s towards a target and it hits the target. In Weightlessness Condition :
such a case the sum of the potential and kinetic 88. Suppose, the gravitational attraction of the earth
energies of the missile is : suddenly disappears (do not ask how ?) Which
a) +VE of the following statements will be true ?
b) –VE a) Weight of the body will become zero but the
c) Zero mass will remain unchanged
d) +VE, –VE or zero depending on the angle of b) Weight of the body will remain unchanged but
projection the mass will become zero

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c) Both mass as well as weight will be zero 95. Weightlessness is not experienced by a person in
d) Neither mass nor weight will be zero an orbiting natural satellite around the sun in space
because of :
89. An astronaut orbiting in a spaceship around the
earth just drops a coin. The coin will move : a) gravity is more than sun
a) along the spaceship b) it has its own gravity
b) away from the spaceship c) sun's reaction force
c) downwards to the earth d) free fall towards the sun
d) tangentially to the orbit
90. A man inside an artificial satellite feels weight- Variation of 'g' due to altitude, latitude and depth :
lessness because the force of attraction due to 96. Let ge and gp be the acceleration due to gravity
earth on him is : on the earth and a planet. The radius of the planet
a) zero at that place as well as its mass is twice that of the earth.
Which of the following relations is true ?
b) equal to the necessary centripetal force
c) balanced by the force of repulsion a) g p  4g e b) g p  2g e
d) infinite
c) g e  4g p d) g e  2g p
91. If the speed of rotation of earth about its axis is
increased : 97. As we go from pole to the equator, the effective
a) weight of a body at the equator decreases value of acceleration due to gravity decreases
due to :
b) weight of a body at the poles does not change
a) rotation of the earth only
c) noth 'a' and 'b' d) neither 'a' and 'b'
b) shape of the earth only
92. If a body is taken to place where there is no
gravity, then : c) both rotation and shape of the earth
a) both its mass and weight become zero d) neither rotation nor shape of the earth
b) neither its mass nor weight becomes zero 98. Where will it be profitable to purchase 1 kilogram
sugar ?
c) its mass becomes zero but not weight
a) At poles b) At equator
d) its weight becomes zero but mass remains the 0
same c) At 45 latitude d) At 400 latitude
93. An astronaut weighs 70 kg on the earth. If he is 99. If radius of the earth contracts 2% and its mass
inside a satellite revolving in circular orbit around remains the same, then weight of the body at the
the earth at the height of 3200 km, he would weigh : earth surface :
[Radius of earth = 6400 km] a) will decrease
a) 26 kg b) 140 kg b) will increase
c) will remain the same
c) 70 2 kg d) zero
d) none of these
94. A body is projected up with a velocity equal to
100. The earth is to be considered as a homogeneous
3 solid sphere. Scientist A goes deep down in mine
  th of the escape velocity from the surface and scientist B goes high up in a balloon. The
4
value of g measured by :
of the earth. The height it reaches is :
[Radius of earth = R] a) A goes on decreasing and that by B goes on
increasing
10 R 9R b) B goes on decreasing and that by A goes on
a) b)
9 7 increasing
9R 10 R c) each decreases at the same rate
c) d)
8 3 d) each decreases at different rates

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101. A high jumper can jump 2.0 m on the earth. With

R  n 
the same effort how high will he be able to jump c) d) R  
on a planet whose density is one-third and radius
n2  n 1
one-fourth that of the earth ? 108. A person jumps from the fifth story of a building
a) 4 m b) 8 m with load on his head. The weight experienced
c) 12 m d) 24 m by him before reaching the earth will be :
102. The value of the gravitational acceleration at the a) zero b) g kg-wt
height h to be 1% of its value at the surface of c) m (g + a) d) mg
earth, then h is equal to : 109. If the radius of the earth shrinks by 1.5% (mass
[Re = 6400 km] remaining same), then the value of acceleration
a) 6400 km b) 57,600 km due to gravity changes by :
c) 2560 km d) 64,000 km a) 1% b) 2%
103. If the radius of the earth suddenly decreases to c) 3% d) 4%
80% of its present value and the mass of the earth 110. If the radius of the earth is 6400 km, the height
remaining the same, then the value of the above the surface of the earth where the value
acceleration due to gravity will : of acceleration due to gravity will be 4% of its
a) remain unchanged value on the surface of the earth is :
a) 6400 km b) 64 km
9.8
b) become m/s 2 c) 57600 km d) 25600 km
0.32
111. If the change in the value of 'g' at a height h
c) increase by about 36 %
above the surface of the earth is the same as at a
d) increase by about 56 % depth x below it, then (both x and h being much
104. If both mass and the radius of the earth decrease smaller than the radius of the earth) :
by 1%, then the value of the acceleration due to
a) x = h b) x = 2h
gravity will :
a) decrease by 1% b) increase by 1% h
c) x = d) x = h2
c) increase by 2% d) remain unchanged 2
105. If the earth stops rotating about its axis, then 112. The mass of the lift is 500 kg, when it ascends
acceleration due to gravity remains unchanged with an acceleration of 2 m/s2. The tension in the
at : cable will be : [g = 10 m/s2]
a) the equator b) the poles a) 6000 N b) 4000 N
c) latitude 450 d) latitude 600 c) 5000 N d) 50 N
106. The value of g on the earth's surface is 980 cm/s2. 113. The depth from the surface of the earth where
Its value at a height of 64 km from the earth's acceleration due to gravity is 20% of its value on
surface is : the surface of the earth is : [R = 6400 km]
a) 960.40 cm/s2 b) 984.90 cm/s2 a) 1280 km b) 5120 km
2 2
c) 982.45 cm/s d) 977.55 cm/s c) 800 km d) 640 km
107. The depth d at which the value of acceleration 114. If the earth suddenly shrinks to half of its present
radius, the acceleration due to gravity will be :
1
due to gravity becomes   times the value at [keeping mass constant]
n
the surface, is : g
a) b) 4 g
[R = radius of the earth] 2
R  n 1 g
a) b) R   c) d) 2 g
n  n  4

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115. If  is the angular velocity of rotation of the earth 121. Period (T) of revolution of a satellite about the
about its axis and R is radius of the earth, to earth is plotted against its distance (R) from the
decrease the weight of a body near the equator earth. The plot will look like :
by 40% then the new angular speed should be :

3g 2g
a) b)
5R 5R
a) b)
2g G
c) d)
3R R
116. The reduction in acceleration due to gravity at
height equal to the radius of the earth from its c) d)
surface is :
a) 20 % b) 25 % 122. The orbital period of a satellite in a circular orbit
of radius 'R' about a spherical planet of mass 'M'
c) 60 % d) 75 %
and mean density '' for low altitude orbit (i.e.,
117. The acceleration due to gravity at a depth equal R = Rp = radius of planet) will be :
to half the radius of the earth from its surface is :
a) 3G b) 2G
3g g
a) b)
4 4  3
c) d)
G G
3g g
c) d) 123. An arificial satellite moving in a circular orbit
2 2
around the earth has a total (kinetic + potential)
energy E0. Its potential energy is :
Recent Question from MH-CET Exams. a) 2 E0 b) E0
118. If  is the mean density of the earth and R is its c) 1.5 E0 d) – E0
radius, then critical speed of a satellite revolving
124. The distance between centre of the earth and
very close to the surface of earth is :
moon is 384000 km. If the mass of the earth is
6  1024 kg and G = 6.66  10–11 Nm2/kg2. The
3 G
a) 2R b) 2R speed of the moon is nearly :
G 3
a) 1 km/sec b) 4 km/sec
c) 8 km/sec d) 11.2 km/sec
 3C
c) 2R d) 2R 125. When body is raised to a height equal to radius of
3G 
earth its P.E. changes by :
119. What would be duration of the year, if the distance
between the earth and the sun gets doubled ? MgR
a) MgR b)
2
[Assume the earth's orbit to a circular one]
a) 365 days b) 556 days c) 2 MgR d) none of these
c) 1032 days d) 129 days 126. A planet has twice the radius but the mean density
120. The ratio of the radius of earth to that of the moon 1
is th as compared to earth. What is the ratio
is 10. The ratio of acceleration due to gravity on 4
the earth and on the moon is 6. The ratio of escape of escape velocity from earth to that from the
velocity from earth's surface to that of moon is : planet ?
a) 10 b) 6 a) 3 : 1 b) 1 : 2
c) 1.66 d) 7.74 c) 1 : 1 d) 2 : 1

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127. The masses of two planets are in the ratio 1 : 2. 133. If the distance between the earth and sun
Their radii are in the ratio 1 : 2. The acceleration
1
due to gravity on the planets are in the ratio : becomes   th, then its period of revolution
4
a) 1 : 2 b) 2 : 1
around the sun will become :
c) 3 : 5 d) 5 : 3
a) 330 days b) 129 days
128. If the acceleration due to gravity of a planet is
half the acceleration due to gravity of earth c) 365 days d) 45.6 days
surface and radius of planet is half the radius of 134. Two planets have density in the ratio 2 : 3 and
earth, the mass of planet in terms of mass of earth radii in the ratio 1 : 2. Then the ratio of acceleration
is : due to gravity at their surface is :
a) 1 : 3 b) 3 : 1
Me Me
a) b) c) 1 : 9 d) 9 : 4
2 4
135. The earth rotates about its own axis, then the
Me Me value of acceleration due to gravity is :
c) d)
6 8 a) same at any position and constant
129. Dimensions of universal gravitational constant G b) more inside the earth comparative to surface
is given by : c) is different at different latitude
a) M1 L–3 T–2 b) M2 L3 T–2 d) is zero on the surface of the earth
c) M2 L2 T–3 d) M–1 L3 T–2 136. According to Kepler's law, the areal velocity of a
130. Acceleration due to gravity g in terms of mean planet around the sun, always :
density of Earth d (where R is radius of Earth a) increases
and G universal gravitation constant) is : b) decreases
c) remains constant
3
a) g  4R 2 dG b) g  RdG d) first increases and then decrease
4
137. A body is taken to a height of nR from the surface
4R 2 G 4 of the earth. The ratio of the acceleration due to
c) g  d) g  RdG
d 3 gravity on the surface to that at the altitude is :
a) (n + 1)2 b) (n + 1)–2
1 c) (n + 1)–1 d) (n + 1)1
131. If the radius of an orbit reduces to   th of its
4 138. If the density of the earth is doubled keeping
value, then the new period of revo ution of satellite radius constant find the new acceleration due to
is : [initial period = T1] gravity ?
1 1 [g = 9.8 m s2]
a) T1 b) T1 a) 9.8 m/s2 b) 19.6 m/s2
2 4
c) 4.9 m/s2 d) 39.2 m/s2
1 1
c) T1 d) T1 139. If the earth stops rotating, then change in the
6 8 weight of the body at the north pole is :
132. Ratio of radii of the planets is x : y and ratio of a) zero b) constant
density of the planets is m : n. The ratio of
c) increases d) decreases
acceleration due to gravity is :
140. The escape velocity from the earth is about 11
x m x n km/s. The escape velocity from a planet having
a) y  n b) y  m twice the radius and the twice mean density as
the earth, is :
y m y n a) 31 km/s b) 11 km/s
c)  d) 
x n x m c) 22 km/s d) 15.5 km/s

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141. A rocket of mass M is launched vertically from

h
the surface of the earth with an initial speed v. a) d  h b) d 
2
Assuming the radius of the earth to be R and
negligible air resistance, the maximum height h
attained by the rocket above the surface of the c) d  d) d  2h
4
earth is :
146. A satellite of mass 'm' is revolving in circular orbit
R  gR  of radius 'r' round the earth. Its angular momentum
a) b) R  2  1 w.r.t. the centre of its orbit is :
 2gR   2v 
 2  1 [M = mass of earth, G = universal gravitational
 2v 
constant]
R  2gR  a) (G M m r)1/2 b) (G M m2 r)1/2
c) d) R  2  1
 2gR   v  c) (G M m r )2 2 1/2
d) (G M2 m2 r)1/2
 2  1
 v  

142. A communication satellite revolving around the

earth very close to be surface of earth of radius
R. Then the period of communication satellite
depends upon :
a) mass of the satellite
b) radius of the earth
c) mass of satellite and radius of earth
d) height of the satellite and mass of the earth
143. Calculate angular velocity of earth so that
acceleration due to gravity at 60 0 latitude
becomes zero.
[Radius of earth = 6400 km, gravitational
acceleration at poles = 10 m/s2, cos 600 = 0.5]
a) 7.8  10–2 rad/s
b) 0.5  10–3 rad/s
c) 1  10–3 radls
d) 2.5  10–3 rad/s
144. A body of mass 'm' is raised to a height '10R'
from the surface of earth, where 'R' is the radius
of earth. The increase in potential energy is :
[G = universal constant of gravitation, M = mass
of earth and g = acceleration due to gravity]

GMm GMm
a) b)
11 R 10 R

mgR 10 GMm
c) d)
11 G 11 R
145. Let 'gh' and 'gd' be the acceleration due to gravity
at height 'h' above the earth's surface and at depth
'd' below the earth's surface respectively. If gh = gd
then the relation between 'h' and 'd' is :

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REVISION OUESTIONS
3V
from Competitive Exams c) d) 12 V
2
1. The value of g at a particular point is 9.8 m/s2. 7. A satellite of mass m is orbiting around the earth
Suppose the earth suddenly shrinks uniformly to in a circular orbit with a velocity u What will be
half its present size without losing any mass. The its total energy ?
value of g at the same point (assuming that the
distance of the point from the centre of the earth 3 2 1 2
a)   m b)   m
does not shrink) will now be : 4 2
a) 4.9 m/s2 b) 9.8 m/s2
1
c) 3.1 m/s2 d) 19.6 m/s2 c) m2 d)    2
2
2. Kepler's second law regarding constancy of aerial
velocity of a planet is a consequence of the law 8. The atmosphere is held to the earth by :
of conservation of : a) winds
a) Energy b) Angular momentum b) gravity
c) Linear momentum d) None of these c) clouds
3. The escape velocity from the earth's surface is d) the rotation of earth
11 km/s. A certain planet has a radius twice that 9. For a satellite escape velocity is 11 km/s. If the
of the earth but its mean density is the same as satellite is launched at an angle of 600 with the
that of the earth. The value of the escape velocity vertical, then escape velocity will be :
from this planet would be :
a) 22 km/s b) 11 km/s a) 11 km/s b) 11 3 km/s
c) 5.5 km/s d) 16.5 km/s 11
c) km/s d) 33 km/s
4. If R is the radius of the earth and g the acceleration 3
due to gravity on the earth's :
10. A satellite A of mass m is at distance of r from
4G 3G the surface of the earth. Another satellite B of
a) 3gR b) 4gR mass 2 m is at a distance of 2 r from the earth's
centre. Their time periods are in the ratio of :
3g Rg a) 1 : 2 b) 1 : 16
c) d)
4RG 12G
c) 1 : 32 d) 1 : 2 2
5. The largest and the shortest distance of the earth 11. The gravitational force between two point masses
from the sun are r1 and r2. Its distance from the
sun when it is at perpendicular to the major-axis m1m 2
m1 and m2 at separation r is given by F  k .
of the orbit drawn from the sun is : r2
The constant k :
r1  r2 r1  r2
a) b) r  r a) depends on system of units only
4 1 2
b) depends on medium between masses only
2r1r2 r1  r2 c) depends on both (a) and (b)
c) r  r d) d) is independent of both (a) and (b)
1 2 3
12. If the acceleration due to gravity at the earth's
6. Two satellites A and B go around a planet P in
surface is 9.8 m/s2 and the mass of the earth is
circular orbits having radii 4R and R respectively.
80 times that of the moon and radius of earth
If the speed of satellite A is 3 V, the speed of the
4 times that of moon, the value of G at the moon's
satellite B would be :
surface will be :
4V a) 9.8 m/s2 b) 1.96 m/s2
a) 6 V b)
3 c) 4.9 m/s2 d) none of above

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13. The value of g on the moon whose diameter is c) A is true but R is false.
1 1 d) A is false but R is true
that of earth is of that of earth. The ratio 18. If the gravitational force between two objects
4 6
of escape velocities at moon and earth's surface 1 1
is nearly : were proportional to (and not as 2 ) where
R R
a) 1 : 5 b) 1 : 1 R is separation between them, then a particle in
c) 2 : 5 d) 5 : 1 circular orbit under such a force would have its
14. The escape velocity from earth is 11.2 km/s. If a orbital speed u proportional to :
body is to be projected in a direction making an 1
angle 450 to the vertical, then the escape velocity a) b) R0
R2
is :
a) 11.2  2 km/s b) 11.2 km/s 1
c) R1 d)
R
11.2
c) km/s d) 11.2 2 km/s 19. If the earth stands still what will be its effect on
2 mass weight ?
15. Two bodies of masses m1 and m2 are initially at a) Increase b) Decrease
rest at infinite distance apart. They are then c) Remain the same d) None of these
allowed to move toward each other under mutual 20. In a satellite if the time of revolution is T, then
gravitational attraction. Their relative velocity of K.E. is proportional to :
approach at a separation distance r between them
is : 1 1
a) b)
T T2
1/ 2 1/ 2
 (m1  m 2 )   (m1  m 2 ) 
a)  2G  b)  2G  1
 r   r  c) d) T–2/3
T3
1/ 2
  1/ 2 21. If mass of a body is M on the earth surface, then
r  2G 
c)   d)  m1m 2  the mass of the same body on the moon surface
 2G(m1m 2 )   r 
is :
16. Let g be the acceleration due to gravity at earth's
M
surface and K be the rotational kinetic energy of a) b) zero
the earth. Suppose the earth's radius decreases 6
by 2%, keeping all other quantities same, then : c) M d) none of these
a) g decreases by 2% and K decreases by 4% 22. If g is the acceleration due to gravity on earth
then increase in potential energy of a body of
b) g decreases by 4% and K increases by 2%
mass m upto a distance equal to the radius of the
c) g increases by 4% and K decreases by 4%
earth from the earth surface is :
d) g decreases by 4% and K is increases by 4%
1
17. Consider the following statements : a) mgR b) 2 mgR
2
Assertion (A) : Snow flakes and raindrops fall
to earth with a uniform velocity. 1
c) mgR d) mgR
Reason (R) : All freely falling objects have zero 4
weight. 23. If radius of the earth contracted 2% and its mass
Of these statements, remains the same then weight of the body at the
a) both A and R are true and R is the correct earth surface :
explanation of A a) will decrease b) will increase
b) both A and R are true and R is not correct c) will remain the same
explanation of A d) none

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1 GMm GMm
24. Given mass of the moon is th of the mass of a) b)
81 6R 3R
1 GMm
the earth and corresponding radius isth of the c) d) none of these
4 6R
earth. If escape velocity on earth surface is
31. A body of mass m is taken from the surface of
11.2 km/s the value of same on the surface of
the earth to a height nR above the surface where
the moon is :
R stands for the radius of the earth and n is an
a) 0.14 km/s b) 0.5 km/s integer. The change in the potential energy of the
c) 2.5 km/s d) 5 km/s body is :
25. The escape velocity of a body on the surface of
 n 1  n 
the earth is 11.2 km/s. If the earth's mass increases a)   mgR b)   mgR
to twice its present value and the radius of the  n   n 1
earth becomes half, the escape velocity would
nmgR
become : c) nmgR d)
2
a) 5.6 km/s
32. Mass of moon is 7.34  1022 kg. If the acceleration
b) 11.2 km/s (remains unchanged)
due to gravity on the moon is 1.4 m/s2, the radius
c) 22.4 km/s d) 44.8 km/s of the moon is : [G = 6.667  1011 Nm2/kg2]
26. The period of revolution of planet A around the a) 0.56  104 m b) 1.87  106 m
sun is 8 times that of B. The distance of A from
c) 1.92  106 m d) 1.01  108 m
the sun is how many times greater than that of B
from the sun ? 33. The escape velocity from the surface of earth is
Ve. The escape velocity from the surface of a
a) 2 b) 3
planet whose mass and radius are 3 times those
c) 4 d) 5 of the earth will be :
27. If the radius of the earth shrinks by 1.5% (mass a) Ve b) 3 Ve
remaining same), then the value of acceleration
c) 9 Ve d) 27 Ve
due to gravity changes by :
34. The period of revolution of a certain planet in an
a) 1 % b) 2 %
orbit of radius R is T. Its period of revolution in
c) 3 % d) 4 % an orbit of radius 4 R will be :
28. Who among the following gave first the
a) 2 T b) 2 2 T
experimental value of G ?
a) Cavendish b) Copernicus d) 4 T d) 8 T
c) Brook Teylor d) None of these 35. The mass ofthe earth is 81 times that of the moon
and the radius of the earth is 3.5 times that of the
29. The amount of work that must be done on a body
moon. The ratio of the escape velocity on the
of mass m so that it escapes from the gravity of
surface of earth to that on the surface of moon
a planet of mass M and radius R is given by :
will be :
3GMm GMm a) 0.2 b) 2.57
a) b)
4R R c) 4.81 d) 0.39

3GMm 1
c) d) none of these 36. If the radius of earth's orbit is made th, the
2R 4
duration of an year will become :
30. A satellite of mass m is launched from the earth's
a) 8 times b) 4 times
surface in a circular orbit. If the mass of the earth
is M and its radius R, the total energy of the 1 1
c) times d) times
satellite at an altitude 2R is : 8 4

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37. Two satellites are moving in orbits, R1 > R2 ; then 43. The escape velocity of a planet having mass
the velocities associated with them is : 6 times and radius 2 times as that of earth is :
a) V1 < V2 b) V1 > V2 a) b) 3 Ve
3 Ve
c) V1 = V2 d) V1 = 2 V2
38. If R is the radius of a planet, g is the acceleration c) 2 Vs d) 2 Ve
due to gravity, then the mean density of the planet 44. How much energy will be necessary for making
is given by : a body of 500 kg escape from the earth ?
3g 4GR [g = 9/8 m/s2, radius of the earth = 6.4  106 m]
a) b) a) About 9.8  106 J
4GR 3g
b) About 6.4  108 J
4gR 3G c) About 3.1  1010 J
c) d) 4gR
3G d) About 27.4  1012 J
39. The escape velocity of a projectile from the earth 45. A thief stole a box with valuable article of weight
is approximately : W and jumped down a wall of height h. Before
a) 7 km/s b) 112 km/s he reached ground he experienced a load of :
c) 11.2 km/s d) 1.1 km/s a) 2 W b) W
40. A rubber ball is dropped from a height of 5 m on c) W / 2 d) zero
a planet where the acceleration due to gravity is 46. If a planet consists of a satellite whose mass and
not known. On bouncing it rises to 1.8 m. The radius are both half that of earth. Acceleration
ball loses its velocity on bouncing by a factor of : due to gravity (g) at its surface would be :

16 2 a) 4.9 m/s2 b) 9.8 m/s2

a) b) c) 19.6 m/s2 d) 29.4 m/s2
25 5
47. What is the weight of a 700 g of body on a planet
3 9
c) d) 1
5 2 whose mass is th of that of earth and radius is
7
41. A comet orbits the sun in highly elliptical orbital. 1/2 of earth ?
Which of the following quantities remains
a) 400 gf b) 300 gf
unchanged through out its orbit ?
c) 700 gf d) 500 gf
[Neglect any mass loss of the comet when it
comes very close to the sun] 48. Value of escape velocity from the earth s surface
is :
a) Torque
a) 11.2 m/s b) 11.2 km/s
b) Potential energy
c) 7.92 km/s d) 7.92 m/s
c) Kinetic energy
49. Height at which value of 'g' becomes one-fourth
d) Angular momentum
to that on earth is :
42. The escape velocity of a sphere of mass 'm' is
a) R b) 2 R
given by :
[G = Universal gravitational constant; M = Mass 3
c)   R d) 4 R
of the earth and Re = Radius of the earth] 2

GM 2GM 50. The escape velocity on the surface of earth is

a) b) 11.2 km/s. What would be the escape velocity
Re Re
on the surface of another planet of the same mass
but 1/4 times the radius of the earth ?
2GMm 2GM  R e
c) d) a) 22.4 km/s b) 44.8 km/s
Re Re
c) 5.6 km/s d) 11.2 km/s

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51. A body weighs 72 N on the surface of the earth. 56. A geostationary satellite is orbiting the earth at a
What is the gravitational force on it due to earth height of 5R above that surface of the earth, R
at a height equal to half the radius of the earth being the radius of the earth. The time period of
from the surface ? another satellite in hours at a height of 2R from
a) 32 N b) 28 N the surface of the earth is :
c) 16 N d) 72 N a) 5 b) 10
52. A body projected vertically from the earth
6
reaches a height equal to earth's radius before c) 6 2 d)
returning to the earth. The power exerted by the 2
gravitational force is greatest : 57. If e is escape velocity and 0 is orbital velocity
a) at the highest position of the body of a satellite for orbit close to the earth's surface,
b) at the instant just before the body hits the earth then these are related by :
c) it remains constant all through a) 0  2 e b) 0  e
d) at the instant just after the body is projected
53. The height at which the weight of a body becomes c) e  2 0 d) e  2 0
1 58. A black hole is an object whose gravitational field
th, its weight on the surface of earth (radius
16 is so strong that even light cannot escape from it.
R), is : To what approximate radius would earth (mass =
a) 5 R b) 15 R 5.98  1024 kg) have to be compressed to be a
c) 3 R d) 4 R black hole ?
54. Two bodies of masses m and 4m are placed at a a) 100 m b) 10–9 m
distance r. The gravitational potential at a point c) 10–6 m d) 10–2 m
on the time joining them where the gravitational 59. A satellite is moving with a constant speed V in a
field is zero is : circular orbit about the earth. An object of mass
9Gm m is ejected from the satellite such that it just
a)  b) zero escapes from the gravitational pull of the earth.
r
At the time of its ejection, the kinetic energy of
4Gm 6Gm the object is :
c)  d) 
r r 1
55. Which one of the following plots represents the a) mV 2 b) mV 2
2
variation of gravitational field on a particle with
distance r due to thin spherical shell of radius R ? 3
c) mV 2 d) 2mV 2
[r is measured from the centre of the spherical shell] 2
60. What is the minimum energy required to launch
a satellite of mass m from the surface of a planet
of mass M and radius R in a circular orbit at an
altitude of 2R ?
a) b) GmM 5GmM
a) b)
3R 6R

2GmM GmM
c) d)
3R 2R
61. Dependence of intensity of gravitational field (E)
c) d) of earth with distance (r) from centre of earth is
correctly represented by :

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a) The minimum initial velocity of the mass m to

escape the gravitational field of the two bodies
a) b) GM
is 4
L
b) The minimum initial velocity of the mass m to
escape the gravitational field of the two bodies
GM
c) d) is 2
L
c) The mmunum initial velocity of the mass m to
escape the gravitational field of the two bodies
62. A balloon with mass 'm' is descending down with
an acceleration 'a' (where a < g). How much 2GM
is
mass should be removed from it so that it starts L
moving up with an acceleration 'a' ? d) The energy of the mass m remains constant
ma 2ma 66. Four particles, each of mass M and equidistant
a) g  a b) g  a from each other, move along a circle of radius R
under the action of their mutual gravitational
attraction. The speed of each particle is :
2ma ma
c) g  a d) g  a
GM GM
a) b) 2 2
R R
1
63. A planet of radius R   (radius of Earth) has
10
the same mass density as Earth. Scientists dig a
c)
GM
R

1 2 2  d)
1 GM
2 R

1 2 2 
R 67. Two spherical bodies of mass M and 5M and
well of depth on it and lower a wire of the radii Rand 2R are released in free space with
5
initial separation between their centres equal to
same length and of linear mass density 10–3 kg
12R. If they attract each other due to gravitational
m–1 into it. If the wire is not touching anywhere,
force only, then the distance covered by the
the force applied at the top of the wire by a person
smaller body before collision is :
holding it in place is :
a) 7.5 R b) 1.5 R
[Take the radius of Earth = 6  106 m and the
c) 2.5 R d) 4.5 R
acceleration due to gravity on Earth is 10 m s–2]
68. Kepler's third law sates that square of period of
a) 96 N b) 108 N revolution (T) of a planet around the sun, is
c) 120 N d) 150 N proportional to third power of average distance r
64. The mass. of a spaceship is 1000 kg. It is 10 is between sun and planet i.e., T2 = Kr3 here K is
launched from the earth's surface out into free constant.
space. The value of g and R (radius of earth) are If the masses of sun and planet are M and m
10 m/s and 6400 km respectively. The required respectively then as per Newton's law of
energy in this work will be : gravitation force of attraction between them is
a) 6.4  108 Joules b) 6.4  109 Joules GMm
F , here G is gravitatonal constant. The
c) 6.4  10 Joules
10
d) 6.4  10 Joules
11
r2
65. Two bodies, each of mass M, are kept fixed with relation between G and K is described as :
a separation 2L. A particle of mass m is projected 1
from the midpoint of the line joining their centres, a) K  G b) K 
G
perpendicular to the line. The gravitational
constant is G. The correct statement(s) is (are) : c) GK  42 d) GMK  4 2

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69. From a solid sphere of mass M and radius R. a Brain Teasers

R 1. Three particles each of mass m are placed at the
spherical portion of radius is removed. as
2 three corners of an equilateral triangle. The centre
shown in the figure. Taking gravitational potential of the triangle is at a distance x from either corner.
V = 0 at r =  . the potential at the centre of the If a mass M be placed at the centre, what will be
cavity thus formed is : the net gravitational force on it ?
[G = gravitational constant] 3GMm
a) zero b)
x2

2GMm GMm
c) d)
x2 x2
2. The compartment containing an observer hanging
from a spring balance is fired as a projectile and
2GM 2GM returns to the earth following a parabolic path.
a) b)
3R R The reading of the spring balance when the cabin
is stationary on the earth is W. What will be the
GM GM reading when the cabin is moving on the parabolic
c) d)
2R R path ?
70. A remote sensing satellite of earth revolves in a a) More than W when the cabin is moving upwards
circular orbit at a height of 0.25  106 m above b) W when the cabin is at the highest point of
the surface of earth. the parabola
If earth's radius is 6.38  106 m & g = 6.8 ms–2. c) Zero only when the cabin is moving downwards
then the orbital speed of the satellite is : d) Zero during the upward as well as downward
a) 9.13 km s–1 b) 6.67 km s–1 motion and also at the highest point
c) 7.76 km s–1 d) 8.56 km s–1 3. A satellite is moved out to an orbit of larger radius.
 Which of the following quantities associated with
it increases ?
a) Potential energy b) Kinetic energy
c) Orbital speed d) Gravitational force
4. How much work per kilogram need to be done to
shift a 1kg mass from the surface of the earth to
infinity ? Take acceleration due to gravity = g and
radius of the earth = R.

g R
a) b) g
R
g
c) gR d)
R2
5. A mass M, is split into two parts (M – m) and m,
which are then separated by a distance r. For
m
what ratio of , will the gravitational attraction
M
between them be maximum ?
a) m = 0.20 M b) m = 0.25 M
c) m = 0.40 M d) m = 0.50 M

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6. A thin rod of length L is bent to form a circle. Its 12. A body of mass m falls from a height R above
mass is M. What force will act on the mass m the surface of the earth, where R is the radius of
placed at the centre of the circle ? the earth. What is the velocity attained by the
body on reaching the ground ? Acceleration due
42 GMm GMm
a) b) to gravity on the surface of the earth is g.
L2 42 L2
a) gR b) gR
2GMm
c) d) zero
L2 g g
c) d)
7. In the above question, what will be the gravitational R R
potential at its centre ?
13. A small body of mass m falls to the earth from
GM GM infinite distance away. What will be its velocity
a)  b) 
L 2L on reaching the earth ? Radius of the earth = R,
acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the
2GM earth is g.
c)  d) zero
L a) gR b) 2 gR
8. A body weighs 63 N on the surface of the earth.
What is the gravitation force on it at a height equal c) gR d) 2gR
to half the radius of the earth ? 14. If e = escape velocity, 0 = orbital velocity and
a) 31.5 N b) 28 N  = velocity of an object around the earth, then
c) 24.5 N d) 18 N the total mechanical energy of the body is +VE
when :
9. A ball is fired with a speed 2 gR from the
a)   0 b)   e
surface of the earth, where g = acceleration due
to gravity and R = Radius of the earth. What will c)   e d)   e
be its velocity in the interstellar space far away
15. Suppose the gravitational attraction varies
from the earth ?
inversely as the distance from the earth. If the
a) gR b) 2gR orbital velocity of a satellite in such a case varies
as nth power of distance, then n =
c) 2 gR d) 2 2gR a) – 1 b) zero
10. A satellite of mass m is orbiting around the earth c) + 1 d) + 2
at a height h above the surface of the earth. Mass 16. At what height above the surface of the earth
of the earth is M and its radius is R. The angular
(radius R) will be acceleration due to gravity be
momentum of the satellite is independent of :
reduced by 0.1 % ?
a) m b) M
c) h d) none of the above R R
a) b)
11. Two particles each of same mass move along a 100 200
circular path about their common centre of mass
R R
under the action of mutual gravitational force. If c) d)
the radius of their circular path is R, then what is 1000 2000
their linear speed ? 17. A satellite is orbiting around the earth with total
energy E. What happens to the satellite if its
GM 1  GM  kinetic energy is made of 2E ?
a) b) 2  R 
R   a) Radius of the orbit is doubled
b) Radius of the orbit is halved
1  GM  1  GM  c) Period of revolution is doubled
c) 4  R  d) 16  R 
    d) Satellite escapes away

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DGT GROUP TUITION (FEED CONCEPTS) [MHT - CET] PHYSICS

18. A projectile is fired making angle e with the

vertical. What is the ratio of potential energy to
the kinetic energy of the projectile at the highest
point of its path ?
a) sin 2  b) cos 2 
c) cot 2  d) tan 2 
19. A projectile is fired so as to have range R. It is
fired at a greater angle with the same speed and
again have the same range. If t1 and t2 be the
times of flight in the two cases, then t1 t2 =

R 2R
a) g b) g

R 4R
c) 2g d) g

20. The escape velocity from the earth is e . A body

is projected with velocity  > e. With what
constant velocity will it move in the interplanetary
space ?
a)   e b)   e

c) 2  e2 d) 2  e2


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DINESH [MHT - CET] PHYSICS

Answer Key
MH Text Book Based MCQ's

01. (c) 22. (b) 43. (b) 64. (a) 85. (b) 106. (a) 127. (b)
02. (d) 23. (c) 44. (c) 65. (b) 86. (a) 107. (b) 128. (d)
03. (d) 24. (d) 45. (b) 66. (a) 87. (b) 108. (a) 129. (d)
04. (a) 25. (c) 46. (d) 67. (d) 88. (a) 109. (c) 130. (d)
05. (d) 26. (d) 47. (b) 68. (d) 89. (a) 110. (d) 131. (d)
06. (c) 27. (b) 48. (d) 69. (c) 90. (b) 111. (b) 132. (a)
07. (d) 28. (d) 49. (c) 70. (a) 91. (c) 112. (a) 133. (d)
08. (a) 29. (c) 50. (b) 71. (c) 92. (d) 113. (b) 134. (a)
09. (b) 30. (b) 51. (d) 72. (d) 93. (d) 114. (b) 135. (c)
10. (c) 31. (d) 52. (a) 73. (d) 94. (b) 115. (b) 136. (c)
11. (a) 32. (b) 53. (c) 74. (b) 95. (b) 116. (d) 137. (a)
12. (b) 33. (c) 54. (c) 75. (b) 96. (d) 117. (d) 138. (b)
13. (b) 34. (c) 55. (d) 76. (d) 97. (c) 118. (b) 139. (a)
14. (d) 35. (b) 56. (d) 77. (d) 98. (b) 119. (c) 140. (a)
15. (a) 36. (a) 57. (c) 78. (d) 99. (b) 120. (d) 141. (c)
16. (c) 37. (b) 58. (d) 79. (c) 100. (d) 121. (d) 142. (b)
17. (d) 38. (a) 59. (b) 80. (d) 101. (d) 122. (d) 143. (d)
18. (b) 39. (b) 60. (c) 81. (c) 102. (b) 123. (a) 144. (d)
19. (d) 40. (c) 61. (d) 82. (b) 103. (d) 124. (a) 145. (d)
20. (b) 41. (b) 62. (c) 83. (b) 104. (b) 125. (a) 146. (b)
21. (d) 42. (c) 63. (a) 84. (a) 105. (b) 126. (c)

REVISION QUESTIONS from Competitive Exams.

01. (b) 11. (-) 21. (c) 31. (b) 41. (d) 51. (a) 61. (b)
02. (b) 12. (b) 22. (a) 32. (b) 42. (b) 52. (b) 62. (b)
03. (a) 13. (a) 23. (b) 33. (a) 43. (a) 53. (c) 63. (b)
04. (c) 14. (b) 24. (c) 34. (d) 44. (c) 54. (a) 64. (c)
05. (c) 15. (b) 25. (c) 35. (c) 45. (d) 55. (b) 65. (b, d)
06. (a) 16. (c) 26. (c) 36. (c) 46. (c) 56. (c) 66. (d)
07. (d) 17. (b) 27. (c) 37. (a) 47. (a) 57. (d) 67. (a)
08. (-) 18. (b) 28. (a) 38. (a) 48. (a) 58. (d) 68. (d)
09. (a) 19. (a) 29. (b) 39. (b) 49. (a) 59. (c) 69. (d)
10. (d) 20. (d) 30. (a) 40. (b) 50. (a) 60. (b) 70. (c)

BRAIN TEASERS

01. (a) 04. (c) 07. (c) 10. (d) 13. (d) 16. (d) 19. (b)
02. (d) 05. (d) 08. (b) 11. (b) 14. (d) 17. (d) 20. (d)
03. (a) 06. (d) 09. (b) 12. (b) 15. (b) 18. (c)

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DGT Group - Tuitions (Feed Concepts) XIth – XIIth | JEE | CET | NEET | Call : 9920154035 / 8169861448
 Hints & Solutions 30

DGT Group - Tuitions (Feed Concepts) XIth – XIIth | JEE | CET | NEET | Call : 9920154035 / 8169861448
 Hints & Solutions 31

DGT Group - Tuitions (Feed Concepts) XIth – XIIth | JEE | CET | NEET | Call : 9920154035 / 8169861448
 Hints & Solutions 32

DGT Group - Tuitions (Feed Concepts) XIth – XIIth | JEE | CET | NEET | Call : 9920154035 / 8169861448
 Hints & Solutions 33

DGT Group - Tuitions (Feed Concepts) XIth – XIIth | JEE | CET | NEET | Call : 9920154035 / 8169861448
 Hints & Solutions 34

DGT Group - Tuitions (Feed Concepts) XIth – XIIth | JEE | CET | NEET | Call : 9920154035 / 8169861448
 Hints & Solutions 35

DGT Group - Tuitions (Feed Concepts) XIth – XIIth | JEE | CET | NEET | Call : 9920154035 / 8169861448
 Hints & Solutions 36

DGT Group - Tuitions (Feed Concepts) XIth – XIIth | JEE | CET | NEET | Call : 9920154035 / 8169861448
 Hints & Solutions 37

DGT Group - Tuitions (Feed Concepts) XIth – XIIth | JEE | CET | NEET | Call : 9920154035 / 8169861448
 Hints & Solutions 38

DGT Group - Tuitions (Feed Concepts) XIth – XIIth | JEE | CET | NEET | Call : 9920154035 / 8169861448
 Hints & Solutions 39

DGT Group - Tuitions (Feed Concepts) XIth – XIIth | JEE | CET | NEET | Call : 9920154035 / 8169861448
 Hints & Solutions 40

DGT Group - Tuitions (Feed Concepts) XIth – XIIth | JEE | CET | NEET | Call : 9920154035 / 8169861448
 Hints & Solutions 41

DGT Group - Tuitions (Feed Concepts) XIth – XIIth | JEE | CET | NEET | Call : 9920154035 / 8169861448
 Hints & Solutions 42

DGT Group - Tuitions (Feed Concepts) XIth – XIIth | JEE | CET | NEET | Call : 9920154035 / 8169861448