CHAPTER III

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, the research design and the methodology were discussed; especially on the

processes the researchers did to obtain information before concluding an answer. Furthermore, the

researchers focused on the materials that used in conducting the study, the methods and preparation of

research used in conducting the experiment, the respondents, statistical formula, flowchart of the method

and the data gathering procedure to be used for analysis and interpretation.

RESEARCH DESIGN/METHOD

This study is experimental in nature, specifically a true-experimental research design.

The term true-experimental refers to any randomized research experiment. In proving a certain

experimental research using the true-experimental research design is its random selection of participants.

Random selection of participants makes a bias-free selection so it ensures objectivity of results. This

design is the best way to examine causal relationships. The true experiment sometimes thought of as a

research method that can adequately measure the cause and effect relationship.

In this experimental research, the data are quantified or measured, such as the measurements of

the oil used in making the soap. Variables in this case were set to multiple observation before and after

they used the soap. The purpose of this observation is to see the connection of the pre-test and the post-

test or the original group without test and the post-test based on the condition that took place.
GENERAL PROCEDURE

In this study that was conducted and managed, researchers follow a proper procedure from the

beginning of the study up to the soap making process. The general procedure helps the researcher to

achieve the hypothesis data and conclusions.

Problem Clarification. The researchers formulated questions and objectives of the study to

determine the concentration of this whole experimental research, including the main problem, which is to

prove that pili oil can be a base for making soap. The researchers also gave limitations as well to have

focus in a specific scope. Clarification of the problem is a very important part for the general procedure,

as it is where the study started. Hence, without starting in this part of the procedure, the study will not

have a proper focus in continuing.

Searching of related information. Through different sources such as books, internet and other

research papers, the researchers searched for the related literature and studies that would help in building

foundation for the research. These related information would help the researchers to understand the

related literature and study.

Experimentation. The researchers conducted an experiment on making soap and added pili oil

to achieve the desire output. Proper equipment and ingredients were also used during the process.

Eventually, the created soap was expected to have the three main characteristics that the researchers

identified in the theoretical framework, which are cleansability, bubblibility, and texture.

Surveying and Testing. After the experiment, the researchers prepared a survey-questionnaires

for the respondents. We developed an online questionnaires for the respondents to answer it without

leaving their houses. The questionnaires are used to gather more information from the respondents and to

know their insights and assessment of the product. The respondents likewise tried and tested the soap

during the survey.

 Analysis. After the latter, the results revealed upon the survey-questionnaire and the tests were

analysed and interpreted by the researchers. The statistical formula was identified as the percentage of

how many respondents chose a specific item or choice.

In addition, in the general procedure of the study, the analysed and interpreted data were used to

formulate conclusions.

RESPONDENTS

In this study, the researchers aimed to conduct a small-scaled survey for limited students

involved, who will aid in order to arrive into precise answers for the eight questions given in the online

survey-questionnaire. Moreover, the respondents identified were both male and female students who are

either college students or high school students of Sorsogon State College. Each group, however, only

covered 10 students each with a total of 20 respondents. The researchers decided to choose these 20

students to represent possible consumers of the soap with pili oil. The respondents also helped in proving

the effectivity of the product, as the 10 college students would be the experimental group and the other 10

high school students would be the control group.

INSTRUMENTATION

The survey questionnaire is the main instrument of the researchers that would help in gathering

the data and it would be distributed through internet to the randomly selected participants. The

questionnaire was composed of eight questions, which is about the consumption of the experimented

soap. The questions are more about the evaluation and response and were answered after they tried the

soap to their body considering their roles as college students and high school students. The questionnaire

was designed by the researchers in which the questions used to assess the general acceptability of the

innovation.
 Aside from abovementioned, the researchers used different kinds of equipment during the

experiment. A Do-It-Yourself Kit for toilet soap using all natural blends of oil was bought containing

complete tools and ingredients which is necessary for making a soap.

Table 1: Research Tools

QUANTITY UNIT DESCRIPTION

3 pcs. Measuring Cup
1 pc. Weighing Scale
1 pc. Whisk/rubber spatula/electric mixer
4 pcs. Molding Pan
1 pc. Mixing Bowl
1 pc. Basin
4 pc. Katsya or filter cloth
5 pairs Disposable Gloves
5 pcs. Disposable Mask
1 pack “2x3” Plastic For Retail
1 pc. Tape

Table 2: Research Ingredients

All the five varieties of soap making oils were bought from the local market.

QUANTITY UNIT DESCRIPTION

1 Kg. Sodium Hydroxide (lye)
20 mL Pili oil
10 mL Palm oil
15 mL Virgin Coconut Oil
10 mL Argan oil / olive oil
1/2 Kg. Shea butter
3 cups Water
1/2 Pc. ice
 In the process of making the soap, it comprised two stages: The Dissolving of the Lye-Solution-

Pearl and the second one has also two parts, the Preparation of oils to be used and the Actual Mixing with

Complete Ingredients. Both were discussed and were useful in the experiment done by the researchers.

Preparation for Making Lye Solution

For the first stage, the melting of the lye must be done in a ventilated space.

1. Gloves and other protective clothes were worn for safety when dealing with lye (it is

poisonous and causes severe burns).

2. Estimate the amount of water needed on a basin and put the ice on it. After 3 minutes, pour

lye on the cold water.

3. Lye was then opened safely before mixing it with water. Stir the solution using a spoon until

all lye beads are dissolved. Then, it was set aside before the heat subsided without cover or

lid. After a minute or two, the water will turn clear.

4. As soon as the lye dissolves into water, it becomes the lye solution needed for the next stage.

5. Put the solution on a cool area, keep out of reach of children.

Preparation of Essential Oils

 For the second stage in preparation of the oils that are needed in making the soap, researcher must

properly measure the oils using cups and step in aside for the mixing process.

Preparation for Soap Making

1. Make sure that you are wearing the proper protective equipment like gloves and mask in

making soap.

2. Prepare the lye solution and the essential oils.

3. Pour the essential oils into the basin containing lye and mix the solution thoroughly by using

whisk, rubber spatula or electric mixer (if any). Then, the Lye Solution was placed carefully

into the blends of oil. A stainless whisk or egg beater was used to mix the solution until it

becomes a bit sticky.

4. Put shea butter on the molding pan and pour the mixture on it. Wait for 5 to 10 minutes or

until the mixture cools down.

5. Eventually, mixture was put into the mold using a rubber spatula before covering it with a

towel or cloth to insulate while solidifying. For 24 hours, it was set aside.

6. If poured into the soap mold, remove after 24 hours and then cut or slice it according to

desired thickness. Then, it undergone fermentation for 2 to 3 weeks before it would be ready

for used. It was allowed to be exposed in a fresh air. After that, package and label were made.

STATISTICAL TOOL/ANALYSIS

The researchers used a statistical tool that would help give an accurate percentage on how many

respondents chose or not chose an item in the questionnaire, which was relevant in formulating the

interpretation and conclusion of the study. In relation, the formula encompassed the frequency, or the

number of respondents, and the total population which was multiplied to a hundred to yield a percentage.

The various data gathered were analyzed and interpreted using the formula below.
 f
P= x 100
n

Where:

P = percentage

n= total population

f= frequency or number of the respondents

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

Experimentation was conducted to create the soap product with the pili oil as the base. It is

mainly to make a soap using pili oil that can be used in the human’s bare skin. The product was the

treatment used to every respondent for a more specific and accurate data analysis.

For the purposes of this research, online survey method was utilized as the data gathering

procedure. Questionnaires were distributed online among the randomly selected control and experimental

grouped students of the Sorsogon State College Senior High School and College Department and this is

the initial phase of the study. Appropriate letters were attached to the questionnaires as the researchers

conducted their survey among the randomly selected students. Actual distribution management,

observation and interpretation of the questionnaire were personally made by the researchers.

The study also used observation as a data gathering technique. This technique was used when the

researchers cannot secure enough or valid data through the use of the questionnaire or some other

technique. The researchers asked permission to each respondent if the soap could be tested in their bodies

for means of observation if using pili oil in making soap will give extra characteristics to the soap itself.

After which, statistical data were collected and analyzed.

 Likewise, presented below is the screenshot captured of the survey-questionnaire, which contains

all the queries that that the researchers need to know in attaining precise results. It would help this study

by serving as a tool to know what the respondents feel and know about using the soap having pili oil as

one of the ingredients. Through it would also help in proving that the soap is indeed feasible.

https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/QN896MP?fbclid=IwAR0FaRBoGu5L57NtSZMZ6zKHWZAQUEr9H-

R5eA9Yvecxv6YSwMsn-z0isl4

FLOWCHART OF THE STUDY

 This study had undertaken a step-by-step process, which gave the researchers a clear insight and

smooth flow of the general understanding and execution of the research along with the experimentation.

The figure below shows the flowchart for the whole study:

Gathering and collection of ingredients and tools

1ST PART

Saponification

Ingredients Materials

Making a soap with long lasting fragrance

2ND PART

Conduct an online survey

Approval of letter to the

Making of questionnaire respondents Testing of product

Interpretation and analyzation of data

Results and discussion

Conclusion and recommendation

Figure 1
 FLOWCHART OF THE STUDY

REFERENCES:

Heffner, C. L. (n.d). Chapter 5.4 True Experimental Design. Retrieved from<https://allpsych

.com/researchmethods/trueexperimentaldesign/>

Hasan, R. A. (n.d) Experimental Research. Retrieved from

https://www.slideshare.net/raselierdu/experimental-20-research11-70012898

Arcilla, C, Barruga, W and Cordial, J (n.d). An Experimental Research on Making A Soap With Long
Lasting Fragrance. Retrieved from
https://www.academia.edu/36835895/An_Experimental_Research_on_Making_a_Soap_with_Long
-Lasting_Fragrance

Anthony, K. A (n.d). Malunggay soap chapter 3, Research Methodology. Retrieved from

https://www.academia.edu/40884000/Malunggay_SoapCHAPTER_III_RESEARCH_METHODOLOGY
 APPENDICES

APPENDIX A

May 14, 2020

Dear (Principal Name)

Good day!

We, the researchers from Gr.11 thymine, are currently conducting an experimental research on
making a soap with pili oil as one of the ingredients. The aim of this study is to know if a soap
with pili oil is possible and how will it benefit the consumers.
 In light of this, may we ask for your permission to let us use the Science Laboratory in order to
do our experiment? We will be only excusing the students on their free times and vacant
schedules.

We hope for your favourable response so we may finish the experiment successfully.

Thank you.

Respectfully yours,

Emmanuel Kate Magpayo

Arabella Lanuza
Mark Angelo Soliman
Anne Roselle Navotas
Princess Jane Lasala
Researchers

Noted by:

Mr. Jhonner Ricafort

Research Teacher

Approved by:

(Principal Name)
Principal

APPENDIX B

May 14, 2020

To the Respondents:
 We, the students of Gr. 11 Thymine, are currently conducting an experimental research on
making a soap pili oil as one of its ingredients. The aim of this study is to know if a soap with pili
oil is possible and how will it benefit the consumers.

You may refuse or leave blank some of the questions you do not wish to answer. Your
responses in this survey will be confidential and anonymous. Data from this research will only
report the tallied information we have gathered.

If you wish to cooperate with us, kindly check the box/ boxes that corresponds your answer to
the following questions.

Your cooperation in this survey would be much appreciated.

Thank you.

Respectfully yours,

Emmanuel Kate Magpayo

Arabella Lanuza
Mark Angelo Soliman
Anne Roselle Navotas
Princess Jane Lasala
Researchers

Noted by:

Mr. Jhonner Ricafort

Research Teacher

(Principal Name)

Principal