MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

ON

Rehabilitation & Retrofitting of Structure

CIVIL ENGINEERING

INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

DUNDIGAL, HYDERABAD - 500 043
 UNIT III
INSPECTION AND TESTING
16. In prestressed concrete structures the primary problem is damaged caused to
a. Bridge decks
b. Spans
c. Anchorages
d. Ridges [c]
17. Rehabilitation of structures may be required due to several reasons one
reason is
a. Environmental effects
b. Tensile effects
c. Compressive effects
d. Range effects [a]
18. The problem of rehabilitation is
a. Unique
b. Submerged
c. Lined
d. Layered [a]
19. Maintaining prestressed concrete structures of various types in a fit and
serviceable condition is primary function of
a. Maintenance engineer
b. Design engineer
c. Surface engineer
d. Structural engineer [a]
20. The structural concrete slab panels can be repaired by
a. Internal bonding
b. External bonding
c. Stress bonding
d. Layered bonding [b]
21. The impression of structure is of
a. 3
b. 4
c. 2
d. 6 [c]
22. Which type of inspection is more intensive involving examination of structural
elements?
a. Minor inspection
b. General inspection
c. Major inspection
d. Reverse inspection [c]
23. Prestressed concrete structures showing visible signs of distress in the form
of:
a. Surface cracks
b. Patterns
c. Patches
d. None of the mentioned [a]
24. One of the testing equipment used for inspection is:
a. Strain gauges
 b. Measuring jar
c. Test tubes
d. None of the mentioned [d]
25. The pachometer is used to locate the:
a. Steel reinforcement
b. Aluminium reinforcement
c. Tensile reinforcement
d. Surface reinforcement [a]
26. In case of bridge greater than 10.7m in height and which cannot be inspected
from beneath due to watery situation the instrument suited for inspection
work is:
a. Electrical resistance meter
b. Strain gauges
c. Barins snooper vehicle
d. Rain gauges [c]
27. In the case of dormant cracks wider than about 1m, it is more economical to
use
a. Epoxy resin
b. Grouting
c. Tensioning
d. Ranging [b]
28. How many sealants are there used depending upon their suitability in a given
situation?
a. 3
b. 2
c. 4
d. 1 [c]
29. How many types of damages are present in classification of damage?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4 [c]
30. If the loss of prestress is excessive resulting in tensile cracks, which method
should be used:
a. Preloading method
b. Hollow method
c. Transparent method
d. Layered method [d]
UNIT IV
REPAIR OF STRUCTURES
1. The super structure in Swanley bridges in U.K is made up of a continuous
slab supported on:
a. Longitudinal piers
b. Transverse piers
c. Inclined piers
d. Curved piers [c]
2. A design review indicated that the reinforcements at the cracked locations
were
a. Adequate
 b. Inadequate
c. Collapse
d. Deform [b]
3. The restoration of the end block of the girder can be done completely
dismantling the:
a. Concrete
b. Cement
c. Water
d. Aggregates [a]
4. The suspended span comprises of how many prestressed concrete girders?
a. 4
b. 2
c. 6
d. 1 [b]
5. The investigations revealed that the bearings were not at:
a. 60 degrees
b. 30 degrees
c. 90 degrees
d. 20 degrees [a]
6. The repair and rehabilitation of damaged or spalled concrete is done by
removing the:
a. Loose concrete
b. Collapsing
c. Breakage
d. Bonding [a]
7. In many cases of heavily loaded girders, shear distress is observed near the:
a. Edges
b. Supports
c. Span
d. Length [b]
8. Bridge girders located in zones of very severe exposure conditions suffer:
a. Spalling
b. Bleeding
c. Winding
d. Spinning [a]
9. The crack propagation in the concrete girders can be arrested by using the
principles of:
a. Pre tensioning
b. Post tensioning
c. Prestressing
d. Loading [b]
10. In some cases of repairs of girders damaged by collision, the damage is
severe what are used:
a. Trusses and bars
b. Struts and pins
c. Links and dowels
d. Lace and anchors [c]
11. The corrosion of reinforcement due to extreme exposure is common for
structure located in
a. Dry conditions
b. Costal zones
c. Regional zones
d. Hot condition [b]
12. In case of damaged prestressed concrete I girders which are used for
restoring strength?
a. Pre tensioning
b. Post tensioning
c. Chemicals
d. Dies [b]
13. In restoration of strength by adding external reinforced concrete the damages
concrete is first repaired by applying
a. Preload
b. Tensile load
c. Compressive load
d. Overload [a]
14. The depth of structural element is increased by adding:
a. Excess concrete
b. Low concrete
c. Prestressed concrete
d. Dies [a]
15. On basis of width fine cracks have the size
a. < 1mm
b. 1-2mm
c. > 2mm
d. None [a]
16. The process of deposition of water-soluble salts on the surface of masonry or
concrete is called
a. spalling
b. efflorescence
c. crazing
d. laitance [b]
17. For testing mass concrete in roads, air-field pavements and hydraulic
structures, the approximate impact value required for rebound hammer
A 10
B 20
C 30
D 40 [c]
18. As per BIS the quality of concrete is termed as --------- for UPV of 3.0km/s-
3.5km/s
a. Excellent
b. Medium
c. Good
d. Poor [c]
19. The NDT used for the determination of chloride concentration
a. Infrared thermography
 b. RCPT
c. Carbonation test
d. All [d]

20. The method of deposition of concrete by jetting it with high velocity is called
a. Dry mixing concrete
b. shotcrete
c. motor replacement
d. grouting [b]

21. The process of restoring or increasing section of an existing member by

enclosing it in new concrete is called
a. Overlay
b. Grouting
c. Guniting
d. Jacketing [d]
22. The inheritability of concrete to heal cracks within itself is called
a. Carbonation
b. Passivation
c. autogenous healing
d. None [c]
23. Shotcrete is used in application of
a Soil stabilization
b. water proofing
c. stabilization of rock slopes
d. None [c]
24. The permeability of moist cured concrete in comparison to that of steam
cured concrete is
a. Smaller
b. High
c. equal
d. None [a]
25. The epoxy resins are excellent binding agents with -----------
a. High tensile strength
b. High Compressive strength
c. High Shear strength
d. None [a]
26. The function of polymer latex is to act as -----------------
a. Corrosion Resistor
b. Water reducing plasticizer
c. Thermal resistor
d. None [b]
27. In dry packing, the repair material has a mortar proportion of ------------
a 1:2
b. 1:4
c. 1:3
d. None [c]
28. Oil, grease, animal fat may be removed by using -------------
a. Ammonium Sulphate
 b. Nitric acid
c. Sulphuric acid
d. Caustic soda [d]
29. The blow holes are caused by ----------
a. Improper design of form work
b. Cold Joints
c. Bleeding
d. None [a]
30. For repair of large and deep patches the method of repair used is ------------
a. Concrete replacement
b. Mortar replacement
c. Aggregate replacement
d. None [a]
UNIT V
HEALTH MONITORING OF STRUCTURES
1 What is an Actuator?
a. An actuator typically is a mechanical device that takes energy — usually energy
that is created by air, electricity or liquid — and converts it into some kind of
motion.
b. An actuator typically is a electrical device that takes energy — usually energy that
is created by air, electricity or liquid — and converts it into some kind of motion.
c. An actuator typically is a mechanical device that takes energy — usually energy
that is created by water and sound— and converts it into some kind of motion.
d. None [a]
2 What is a Sensor?
a. A sensor is a converter that measures a chemical quantity and converts it into a
signal which can be read by an observer or by an (today mostly electronic)
instrument.
b. A sensor is a converter that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a
signal which can be read by an observer or by an (today mostly electronic)
instrument.
c. None
d. All the above [b]
3 What is Passive SHM technique?
a. If the monitoring process is consisting of both actuators and sensors and some
perturbations/vibrations are generated by the actuators and the structural response
is captured by the sensors, which is then analysed for identifying damages, then
such a technique is called “passive monitoring.”
b. If the monitoring process is based only on the diagnostic signal from the sensors,
which is generated only upon occurrence of damage/deflections in the structure,
such a technique is called “passive monitoring.”
c. a or b
d. None [b]
4 What is Active SHM technique?
a. If the monitoring process is consisting of both actuators and sensors and some
perturbations/vibrations are generated by the actuators and the structural response
is captured by the sensors, which is then analysed for identifying damages, then
such a technique is called “active monitoring.”
b. If the monitoring process is based only on the diagnostic signal from the sensors,
which is generated only upon occurrence of damage/deflections in the structure,
such a technique is called “active monitoring.”
 c. a or b
d. None of the above [a]
5 Piezoelectric actuators and sensors based methods are the examples of
a. Active SHM technique
b. Passive SHM technique
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above [a]
6 SHM using velocity meters and accelerometers are the examples of
a. Active SHM technique
b. Passive SHM technique
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above [b]
7 LVDT is the examples of
a. Acoustic Sensors
b. Vibration Sensors
c. Strain Sensors
d. Displacement Sensors [d]
8 Velocity receiver is a
a. Acoustic Sensors
b. Vibration Sensors
c. Strain Sensors
d. Displacement Sensors [a]
9 Accelerometers is a
a. Acoustic Sensors
b. Vibration Sensors
c. Strain Sensors
d. Displacement Sensors [b]
10 Strain Sensors is a
a. Acoustic Sensors
b. Vibration Sensors
c. Strain Sensors
d. Displacement Sensors [c]
11 Displacement gauges,
a. Acoustic Sensors
b. Vibration Sensors
c. Strain Sensors
d. Displacement Sensors [d]
12 Ultrasonic thickness gauges is an example of
a. Acoustic Sensors
b. Vibration Sensors
c. Strain Sensors
d. Displacement Sensors [a]
13 Static Response sensors are
a. Displacement Sensors
b. Acoustic Sensors
c. Strain Sensors
d. both a and c [d]
14 Dynamic Response Sensors are
 a. Acoustic Sensors
b. Vibration Sensors
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above [c]
15 Direct Effect (Sensor) converts______
a. Mechanical stress to Electric field
b. Electric field to Mechanical Strain
c. Thermal strain to mechanical stress
d. None [a]
16. Converse Effect (Actuator) converts______
a. Mechanical stress to Electric field
b. Electric field to Mechanical Strain
c. Thermal strain to mechanical stress
d. none [b]
17. Actuation is possible at
a. very low frequencies
b. very moderate frequencies
c. very high frequencies
d. none [c]
18. Actuation is in the order of
a. MHz
b. KHz
c. GHz
d. None [a]
19. The monitoring which is continuous even during the service period of the structure
and the level of responsiveness of such a system is quick enough to enable
appropriate remedial action or evacuation.
a. Real time
b. On-line
c. Automated
d. none [a]
20. The alerting system which must use user friendly on-screen
imaging and audible alarms.
a. Real time
b. On-line
c. Automated
d. none [b]
21. The diagnosis and alerting system which does not need human interference for its
operation.
a. Real time
b. On-line
c. Automated
d. none [c]
22. Structural view
a. predicts optimal use of the structure
b. minimizes downtime of the structure
c. Both a and b
d. none [c]
23. Constructor View
 a. gives the constructor a scope for improvement in his products
b. gives him a chance for repair before an embarrassing collapse of the
structure
c. avoids catastrophic failures
d. Both and b [d]
24. SHM is classified into two categories and
a. Diagnosis
b. Prognosis.
c. Both a and b
d. None [c]
25. One can determine the presence of a flaws, their location, and their extent along
with the possibility of looking at the delaying the propagation of flaws in the
structure by
a. Diagnosis
b. Prognosis.
c. Both a and b
d. None [a]
26. _____________ uses the information of the diagnosis part and determines the
remaining life of the structure.
a. Diagnosis
b. Prognosis.
c. Both a and b
d. None [b]
27. An array of distributed sensors, either wired or wireless to interrogate the structure at
periodic intervals or continuously.
a. Sensing Technology
b. Diagnostic Signal Generation
c. Both a and b
d. none [a]
28. ---------- involves the necessary electronic components to efficiently transmit
the diagnostic signal, while filtering out unwanted noise so that the signal
analysis gives realistic picture of the state of the structure.
a. Damage Identification Analysis
b. Sensing Technology
c. System Integration
d. Signal Processing [d]
29. ------------involves expertize in identification and characterization of damages using
the knowledge of static and dynamic structural mechanics, material properties and
the physics of the specific sensing technology being used
a. Damage Identification Analysis
b. Signal Processing
c. System Integration
d. Signal Processing [a]
30. Impact echo method is
a. Active SHM technique
b. Passive SHM technique
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above [a]