Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 49 views

    Rock Mechanics-I: Rock Material and Rock Masses

    Uploaded by

    Lily Gurung cst
    Rocks contain micro-fissures and discontinuities like joints, faults, and bedding planes that create fractures and cavities between rock grains. These fissures and discontinuities mean that rocks are non-ideal and discontinuous, behaving differently than assumed homogeneous material. A rock mass consists of both the rock matrix and combination of these discontinuities. The discontinuities alter the behavior of rocks by reducing strength, creating anisotropy, and affecting permeability. Joints are the most common discontinuities and can form due to erosion, cooling of rock masses, or tectonic movement.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Rock Mechanics-I: Rock Material and Rock Masses

    Uploaded by

    Lily Gurung cst
    49 views10 pages
    Rocks contain micro-fissures and discontinuities like joints, faults, and bedding planes that create fractures and cavities between rock grains. These fissures and discontinuities mean that rocks are non-ideal and discontinuous, behaving differently than assumed homogeneous material. A rock mass consists of both the rock matrix and combination of these discontinuities. The discontinuities alter the behavior of rocks by reducing strength, creating anisotropy, and affecting permeability. Joints are the most common discontinuities and can form due to erosion, cooling of rock masses, or tectonic movement.

    Original Title

    Lecture_4

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Rocks contain micro-fissures and discontinuities like joints, faults, and bedding planes that create fractures and cavities between rock grains. These fissures and discontinuities mean that rocks are non-ideal and discontinuous, behaving differently than assumed homogeneous material. A rock mass consists of both the rock matrix and combination of these discontinuities. The discontinuities alter the behavior of rocks by reducing strength, creating anisotropy, and affecting permeability. Joints are the most common discontinuities and can form due to erosion, cooling of rock masses, or tectonic movement.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    49 views10 pages

    Rock Mechanics-I: Rock Material and Rock Masses

    Uploaded by

    Lily Gurung cst
    Rocks contain micro-fissures and discontinuities like joints, faults, and bedding planes that create fractures and cavities between rock grains. These fissures and discontinuities mean that rocks are non-ideal and discontinuous, behaving differently than assumed homogeneous material. A rock mass consists of both the rock matrix and combination of these discontinuities. The discontinuities alter the behavior of rocks by reducing strength, creating anisotropy, and affecting permeability. Joints are the most common discontinuities and can form due to erosion, cooling of rock masses, or tectonic movement.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 10

    Rock Mechanics-I

    Rock Material and Rock Masses


    Rock and Rock Masses
    • Rocks are commonly assumed to be
    CHILE type material to evaluate its
    properties or behavior.
    • However, Rocks are discontinuous as
    pores or fissures are common.
    • Interconnected pores or cavities are
    found between the rock grains.
    • Isolated vugs (cavities in rocks lined
    with crystals) are found in volcanic
    rocks and soluble carbonate rocks.
    Rock and Rock Masses
    • Micro-fissures
    • Small planar cracks common hard rocks that have undergone internal deformation.
    • Occur as intracrystalline and crystal boundary cracks.

    • Fissures
    • A fissured rock behaves like a damaged test specimen placed in a cracking zone.
    • Behavior of fissures is important with regard to the rock properties (than the mineral
    composition) .
    • Create non-linear load/ deformation response
    • Reduces the tensile strength
    • Create stress dependency in material properties
    • Produce variability and scatter in test results
    • Introduce a scale effect into the prediction of behavior
    Discontinuities in Rocks
    • Joints, faults, bedding planes, folds, schistosity and other similar
    defects in rocks.

    • Rock mass = rock matrix + combination of any such discontinuities.

    • Leads to nonideality of most rocks.


    Discontinuities in Rocks
    • Fractures
    • Planar surfaces along which rocks have been broken causing 2 separate blocks
    • Surface may or may not have cohesion
    • Formed due to extensions and shear mode of failure
    • Important in understanding permeability of rock to fluid flow, migration of oil
    and gas, stability of structures made in rock mass
    • Group of fractures having similar orientation and extension with very little
    displacement to a fracture surface is called joint set
    • 2 or more joint sets affecting the same volume of rock is called a joint system
    Discontinuities in Rocks
    Discontinuities in Rocks
    • Joints
    • Most common discontinuities
    • Can be formed due to erosion of the overlying strata exposed at the surface.
    • Removal of overlying rock results in change of stresses leading to fracturing of
    underlying rocks.
    • Can also be caused by cooling of hot rock masses.
    • Formed by tectonic movement.
    • Often found in sets.
    • Joint spacing is usually between centimetres and few metres, but at times
    they are found over thousands of square kilometres having gradual variation
    in orientation (these joints appear on surfaces as leaner fractures termed as
    lineaments).
    Discontinuities in Rocks
    Discontinuities in Rocks
    • Discontinuities alter the behavior of rocks.
    • Single fracture can lower the tensile strength nearly to zero in the direction
    perpendicular to the fracture plane and restrict the shear strength in the
    direction parallel to the fracture plane.
    • If the Joints are not randomly distributed, anisotropy is created.
    • Foliation and schistosity create schists, slates, other metamorphic rocks highly
    directional in their strength, deformability and other properties.
    • Bedding makes shales, limestones and other sedimentary rocks with high
    anisotropy.
    Discontinuities in Rocks

    You might also like

    pFad - Phonifier reborn

    Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

    Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


    Alternative Proxies:

    Alternative Proxy

    pFad Proxy

    pFad v3 Proxy

    pFad v4 Proxy