Cruz, Joshua Miguel L.

ME141-2/E01

Assign. # 3

6.1

(a) Calculate the clearance volumetric efficiency of an ammonia compressor (ɣ = 1.31) operating
between a condenser temperature of 35°C and an evaporator temperature of – 15°C. The clearance
factor is 0.07.

(b) If the throttling losses are 0.15 bar in the suction manifold and valve and 0.25 bar in the discharge
valve, calculate the volumetric efficiency.

(c) The measurement of the output of compressor showed an overall volumetric efficiency of 65.2 per
cent. The temperature at the suction flange is 10°C but that in the beginning of compression is 30°C.
What were the leakage losses in the compressor?

Solution:

Vapor Compression Cycle

3 2

Condenser
35°C

Compressor

Evaporator 1

-15°C
4

(a)

3 35°C
2 P2 = 13.522 bar
Ammonia

4 1 P1 = 2.3709 bar
-15°C

H
At T =−15˚ C ; ( Appendix B .7)
P1=2.3709 ¯¿

At T =35˚ C ; ( Appendix B .7)

P2=13.522 ¯¿

P2 ɣ1 13.52 2 1
n cv =1+C−C ( )
P1
=1+0.07−0.07
2.3709 ( ) 1.31
=0.8056 x 100

n cv=80.56 %

(b)

3 35°C Pressure drop at discharge

2 Pd = 13.772 bar
valve = 0.25 bar
Ammonia
1 Ps = 2.2209 bar Pressure drop at suction
4
-15°C valve = 0.15 bar

Ps =( 2.3709−0.15 )

Ps =2.2209 ¯¿

Pd =( 13.522+0.25 )

Pd =13.772 ¯¿

Assum ption: No leakagelosses

P s 1n 1
P
( ) ( )
n cv =(1+C )
P1
−C d
P1
m

ɣ=n=m
 1 1
2.2209 13.772
n cv =(1+ 0.07) ( 2.3709 ) 1.31
−0.07 ( 2.3709 ) 1.31
=0.7 498 x 100

n cv=7 4.98 %

Assum ption:There are leakage losses

P s 1n 1
P
n cv =(1+C ) ( ) ( )
P1
−C d
P1
m
−0.015 r

Pd
ɣ=n=m ; r=
Ps
n cv=¿ = 0.6568 x 100

n cv=65.68 %

(c)

3 30°C 2 P2 = 11.686 bar

Ammonia
1 P1 = 6.1625 bar
4 10°C

At T =10˚ C
P1=6.1625 ¯¿

At T =30˚ C
P2=11.686 ¯¿

P2 ɣ1 P
n cv=1+C−C
P1 ( )
−l loss r ; r= 2
P1
1
11.686
0.652=1+ 0.07−0.07 ( 6.1625 ) 1.31
−l loss ( 11.686
6.1625 )
l loss=0.1603
6.3

An R 22 compressor is working at –18°C evaporating and 40°C condensing temperatures. The superheat
at the bulb of the thermostatic expansion valve is 7°C and the temperature of the suction vapor is
increased by 22°C in a heat exchanger by simultaneous cooling of the liquid refrigerant. The efficiency of
the heat exchanger is 0.75. The temperature of the suction vapor is 20°C at the compressor inlet. The
liquid refrigerant is subcooled by water to 35°C. Estimate the dimensions of the cylinders of the
compressor.

Given:

Bore/stroke ratio 1

Compressor speed 1420 rpm

Compressor capacity 15 TR

Number of cylinders 4

Assume a pressure drop of 5 per cent of the value of the pressure at the compressor valves. Also assume
for the compression process, n = 1.13 and for the expansion process, m = ɣ = 1.148.

6.5

A single-wheel centrifugal compressor has an impeller with a diameter of 60 cm. The speed of the
impeller is 5000 rpm. The working substances are R 11, R 123, R 245fa and R 134a. If the suction vapor is
at 5°C saturation, determine the saturated discharge temperatures in each case.

Solution:

Cr2
∅ 2= =0
u2
C r =0
2

C u =u2
2

π D 2 N π (0.6)(5000)
u2 = =
60 60
m
u2=157.08
s
Assumption: No prewhirl and no kinetic energy in inlet and outlet:

P4 γ −1 1 γ

P1
=[ ( )( )
γ
u
( )
P1 v 1 2
2
+1] γ −1
For R−11 at T s=5 ° C

m3
P1=0.4953 ,̄ v 1=0.3319
kg
P4
=¿ ¿
0.4953
P4 =1.9507 ba r

P T
1.7346 40
1.9507 Tk
2.0228 45
By Interpolation:

T k =43.75° C

For R−123 at T s=5 ° C

T P Vg
4 0.03907 0.37720
5 P1 v1
6 0.04264 0.34759
By Interpolation:

m3
P1=0.040855 Mpa , v1 =0.362 4
kg
P4
=¿ ¿
0.040855
P4 =0.18457 Mpa

P T
0.17597 44
0.18457 Tk
0.18755 46
By Interpolation:

T k =45.49° C
For R−245 fa at T s=5 ° C

T P Vg
4 0.06411 0.25988
5 P1 v1
6 0.06995 0.23939
By Interpolation:

m3
P1=0.06703 Mpa , v1 =0.2496 4
kg
P4
=¿ ¿
0.06703
P4 =0.2582 Mpa

P T
0.25179 40
0.2582 Tk
0.26873 42
By Interpolation:

T k =40.76° C

For R 134 a−at T s =5 ° C

T P Vg
4 0.33766 0.06039
5 P1 v1
6 0.36198 0.05644
By Interpolation:

m3
P1=0.3498 Mpa , v1 =0.0584 2
kg
P4
=¿ ¿
0.3498
P4 =1.073 46 Mpa

P T
1.0722 42
1.07346 Tk
1.1301 44
By Interpolation:

T k =42.0 4 ° C

6.7

The variation of volumetric efficiency with pressure ratio for a R 134a compressor of an automotive air
conditioner is as follows:

pk/p0 2 3 4 5 6 7
Пv 80 79.5 72.5 66.5 61 56.7

Somehow, the air flow over the condenser of the air conditioner gets completely blocked. Estimate the
maximum pressure at discharge if the evaporation temperature is 5°C.

Solution:

At T =5° C
T P
4 0.33766
5 Po
6 0.36198
By Interpolation:

Po =0.34982 Mpa

For Maximum pressure discharge:

Pk
=7
Po
Pk
=7
0.34982
Pk =2.4487 M p a
6.9

(a) Determine the evaporator temperature at which a single-stage R 22 plant will cease to produce any
refrigerating effect in Delhi where the condenser temperature is 42°C. The compressor has 5%
clearance, and the index of compression is 1.15.

(b) For a particular condenser pressure, how does the power requirement of a reciprocating compressor
vary with change in evaporator pressure? Explain giving reasons.

Solution:

(a)

T =42 ° C ( Appendix B.6 ) ; P2=16.096 ¯¿

k =1.15
C=5 %
P2 1 γ
=( +1)
P1 C
1.15
16.096 1
=( +1)
P1 0.05
P1=0.485 47 bar

A t P1=0.4855 ¯¿

P T
37.48 -60
48.55 T1
49.47 -55
By Interpolation:

T 1=−55.38 ° C
(b)

At a particular condenser pressure (temperature), an increase in evaporator pressure and temperature

reduces the power requirement of a reciprocating compressor since it must perform less work per ton
of refrigeration produced. It reduces the load on the compressor. As the evaporator pressure
(temperature) increases and becomes equal to the condenser pressure and temperature, the work of
compression becomes zero. Because of this the power input to the compressor becomes zero as well.
This means that as the evaporator pressure increases from its limiting value, it reaches a peak and
becomes zero. This entails that if the evaporator pressure of the reciprocating compressor is less than
the evaporator pressure at which the power is maximum, then the power requirement is lower than the
peak power input.

6.11

Typical operating conditions of a 1/8 TR domestic refrigerator are as follows:

Condenser temperature 55°C

Evaporator temperature – 25°C

Temperature of vapor at evaporator exit – 15°C

Heat gained by suction vapor in cooling motor windings 15% of motor power input. The compressor
bore/stroke ratio is 0.8. It runs at 2800 rpm. Pressure drops in suction and discharge reeds are 10% of
absolute pressure. Isentropic efficiency of compressor is 85%, and clearance is 5%. Making appropriate
assumptions, if necessary, estimate if the refrigerant is (a) R 134a, (b) R 600a;

(i) Power drawn from mains.

(ii) (ii) Bore, stroke and piston speed of the compressor.
Problems in PowerPoint:

Problem 1: An ammonia compressor has a 5 % clearance volume and a displacement rate of 60 L/sec.
and pumps against a condensing temp. of 40˚C. For the two different evaporating temp. of -10˚C and
10˚C. Compute the refrigerant flow rate assuming that the clearance volumetric efficiency applies

Solution:

Using TEVAP = -10 °C

Vapor Compression Cycle

3 2

Condenser
40°C

Compressor

Evaporator 1

4 -10°C

3 40°C
2 V2 = 0.1125 m3/kg
Ammonia
V1 = 0.417 m3/kg
4 1
-10°C

H
At T =−10˚ C ( Appendix B .7)

m3
v1 =v g=v suction=0.417
kg
kJ
s1=s 2=s g =5.7550
kg−K

Figure 1: For V2

kJ
At T =−10˚ C ; s 2=5.7550
kg−K
 m3
v 2=v discharge =0.1125
kg
Vc
C=
Vp
Vc
0.05=
1
60 ( )
1000

m3
V c =0.003
s
v suction
n v =1+C−C ( v discharge )
0.417
1+0.05−0.05 ( 0.1125 )
n v =0.864 7

1
V
m= p n v =
60 ( 1000 ) (0.864 7)
v1 0.417
kg
m=0.1244
s

Using TEVAP = 10 °C

Vapor Compression Cycle

3 2

Condenser
40°C

Compressor

Evaporator 1

4
 10°C

3 40°C
2 V2 = 0.1 m3/kg
Ammonia
V1 = 0.205 m3/kg
4 1
10°C

At T =10˚ C ( Appendix B .7)

m3
v1 =v g=v suction=0.205
kg
kJ
s1=s 2=s g =5.4924
kg−K
Figure 2: For V2

kJ
At T =10˚ C ; s2 =5.4924
kg−K

m3
v 2=v discharge =0.1
kg
Vc
C=
Vp
Vc
0.05=
1
60 ( )
1000

m3
V c =0.003
s
 v suction
n v =1+C−C ( v discharge )
¿ 1+0.05−0.05 ( 0.205
0.1 )
n v =0.947 5

1
m=
Vp
n=
60 ( 1000 ) (0.9475)
v1 v 0.205

kg
m=0.2773
s

Problem 3: Compute the maximum displacement of two vane compressor having a cylinder diameter a
190mm and a rotor 80mm long with a diameter of 170mm. The compressor operates at 29r/sec.

Solution:

A=190 mm = 0.19 m
B=170 mm = 0.17 m
H=80 mm = 0.08 m
n=29 rad /s

πH ( A 2−B2 )
V p= n
4

π (0.08) ( 0.192 −0.172 )

¿ (29)
4

m3
V p=0.01312
s
Since it is two-vane;

V p=2 ( 0.01312 )
 m3 L
V p=0.02624 =26.24
s s