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    Assignment # 3

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    Shamsher Khan
    The document is a student assignment that answers a question about programming languages, explaining the different generations from first to fifth generation languages. It provides examples for each generation, noting that first generation languages used binary, second generation used assembly languages, third generation introduced high-level languages like BASIC and COBOL, fourth generation brought non-procedural languages, and fifth generation aims to resemble human speech for artificial intelligence applications. The student provides their name, class details, and submission information for the assignment at the start.

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    Assignment # 3

    Uploaded by

    Shamsher Khan
    43 views4 pages
    The document is a student assignment that answers a question about programming languages, explaining the different generations from first to fifth generation languages. It provides examples for each generation, noting that first generation languages used binary, second generation used assembly languages, third generation introduced high-level languages like BASIC and COBOL, fourth generation brought non-procedural languages, and fifth generation aims to resemble human speech for artificial intelligence applications. The student provides their name, class details, and submission information for the assignment at the start.

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    Assignment-3

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    The document is a student assignment that answers a question about programming languages, explaining the different generations from first to fifth generation languages. It provides examples for each generation, noting that first generation languages used binary, second generation used assembly languages, third generation introduced high-level languages like BASIC and COBOL, fourth generation brought non-procedural languages, and fifth generation aims to resemble human speech for artificial intelligence applications. The student provides their name, class details, and submission information for the assignment at the start.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    43 views4 pages

    Assignment # 3

    Uploaded by

    Shamsher Khan
    The document is a student assignment that answers a question about programming languages, explaining the different generations from first to fifth generation languages. It provides examples for each generation, noting that first generation languages used binary, second generation used assembly languages, third generation introduced high-level languages like BASIC and COBOL, fourth generation brought non-procedural languages, and fifth generation aims to resemble human speech for artificial intelligence applications. The student provides their name, class details, and submission information for the assignment at the start.

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    Assignment # 3

    Name: Shamsher Khan


    Enrolment # 01-111202-136
    Class: BBA [4] 1-C
    Subject: IT in Business
    Submitted to: Sir Awais Khyzer Abbasi
    Date: 19th Oct 2020
    Q-1: What is Programming language? Explain the different generations of
    programming language with the help of examples? (10 marks)
    Ans: Programming language:
     It is a formal computer language designed to communicate instructions to a machine
    (Specially for Computer).
     It can be used to create programs or algorithms to control the behavior of a machine.

    First Generation Programming Languages:


     Also known as Binary Language, Machine Language, Very Low-Level Language.
     This language is made up of entirely 1s and 0s.
     Programmers have to design their code by hand.
     Which is transferred to a computer by using a punch card, punch tape or flicking
    switches.
     It is the only language a computer is capable of understanding without using a translation
    program.
     This language is Close to machines.

    For Examples:
    1. A is written as “0100 0001”
    2. B is written as “0100 0010”
    3. C is written as “0100 0100”

    Second Generation Programming Languages:


     Also known as Assembly Language / Low-Level Language.
     These Programs are in the form of Alphanumeric Symbols or Mnemonic Codes instead
    of O's and I’s.
     These alphanumeric symbols can have maximum up to 5 letter combinations
     e.g. ADD for addition, SUB for subtraction, START LABEL etc.
     Due to this feature, it is also known as "Symbolic Programming Language".
     This language is Close to machine.
     Programs are translated into machine language using Assemblers.
     Not portable.
     Used in kernels and hardware driver.
     Mostly used in games, video editing, graphic manipulation/rendering.
    For Example:
    1. RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer)
    2. CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer)
    3. Embedded Systems and Desktop Computers use x86.

    Third Generation Programming Languages:


     Purpose of developing High-Level Languages was to enable people to write programs
    easily in their own native language environment (English)
     These are Symbolic languages that use English words and/or mathematical symbols
    instead of mnemonic codes.
     This language is Close to humans.
     Compiler (which converts the language into machine code automatically) was developed
     It was the first widely used high-level general-purpose programming language to have a
    functional implementation.
    For Example:
    1. BASIC (Beginners All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code)
    2. COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language)
    3. C++
    Fourth Generation Programming Languages:

     Also known as Very High-Level Language or Non-Procedural Language.


     It is Application Specific.
     This language is Close to natural language.
     Closer to the domain. Further from the machine.
     It needs approximately 1/10th the number of statements that a high-level language needs
    to achieve the same results.
     Non-computer professionals can develop software.

    For Example:
    1. Perl
    2. Python
    3. Ruby
    4. SQL
    5. MATLAB (Matrix Laboratory).
    Fifth Generation Programming Languages:
     It is based on solving using control given to the program instead of using an algorithm
    written by a programmer.
     Very closely resembles human speech.
     Changing spellings or order of word will get the same result.
     These languages are also designed to make the computer "smarter".
     Mainly used in artificial intelligence research.

    For Examples:
    1. Prolog
    2. Mercury
    3. OPS5
    4. AI (Artificial Intelligence)

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